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ID: 300264336
Page Link: http://vocab.getty.edu/page/aat/300264336

 

Record Type: concept
avatara (Hindu doctrinal concepts, doctrinal concepts, ... Associated Concepts (hierarchy name))

 

Note: Refers to the descent to earth of a Hindu deity in a visible form. The word comes from the Sanskrit meaning 'descent.' The concept comes from the tradition associated with the deity Vishnu who periodically appeared on earth in human or animal form in order to save it from severe danger or destruction. Vishnu's most famous manifestations have been as Krishna and Rama. The deity is expected to return in the last of his forms to destroy and subsequently recreate the world at a time when it is completely depraved. In more recent times the concept has been challenged by reformers, particularly in regards to manifestations in animal forms. At the same time, others have put forward the idea that humans, even non-Hindus such as Jesus or Muhammad, can become avataras by a divine infilling.
 
Terms:
avatara (preferred,C,U,English-P,D,U,N)
avatara (Spanish,AD,U,U)
avatāra (C,U,English,UF,U,N)
化身 (印度教教義概念) (C,U,Chinese (traditional)-P,D,U,U)
降凡 (C,U,Chinese (traditional),UF,U,U)
huà shēn (C,U,Chinese (transliterated Hanyu Pinyin)-P,UF,U,U)
hua shen (C,U,Chinese (transliterated Wade-Giles)-P,UF,U,U)
hua shen (Chinese (transliterated Pinyin without tones)-P,UF,U,U)
avatar (C,U,Spanish-P,D,U,U)
avatar (Dutch-P,D,U,U)

Facet/Hierarchy Code:  B.BM

Hierarchical Position:

Hierarchy of Associated Concepts Facet
Associated Concepts Facet
Hierarchy of Associated Concepts (hierarchy name)
.... Associated Concepts (hierarchy name) (G)
Hierarchy of <religions and religious concepts>
........ <religions and religious concepts> (G)
Hierarchy of religious concepts
............ religious concepts (G)
Hierarchy of doctrinal concepts
................ doctrinal concepts (G)
Hierarchy of Hindu doctrinal concepts
.................... Hindu doctrinal concepts (G)
Hierarchy of avatara
........................ avatara (G)

Additional Parents:

Hierarchy of Associated Concepts Facet
Associated Concepts Facet
Hierarchy of Associated Concepts (hierarchy name)
.... Associated Concepts (hierarchy name) (G)
Hierarchy of <religions and religious concepts>
........ <religions and religious concepts> (G)
Hierarchy of religious concepts
............ religious concepts (G)
Hierarchy of doctrinal concepts
................ doctrinal concepts (G)
Hierarchy of incarnation (doctrinal concept)
.................... incarnation (doctrinal concept) (G)
Hierarchy of avatara
........................ avatara (G)

Additional Notes:
Chinese (traditional) ..... 意指印度教神明以可見形態降臨到地球上。此詞彙源自梵文,意為「下降」。此概念源自與毗濕奴(Vishnu)神相關的傳統,每隔一段時間,毗濕奴便會化成人或動物形體出現在人間,以拯救世界免於嚴重危險或毀滅。毗濕奴最著名的兩個顯身為黑天(Krishna)及羅摩(Rama)。當世界完全墮落之時,該神會以最後一個化身重返,毀滅並隨之再造世界。近來此概念受到改革者挑戰,尤其是化身為動物的觀點。同時,也有信徒更進一步闡釋此概念,認為即使是非印度教的人類,如耶穌或穆罕默德,也能藉著神靈充滿體內而成為神的化身。 
Dutch ..... Verwijst naar de nederdaling op aarde van een hindoegod in zichtbare vorm. Het woord komt uit het Sanskriet en betekent ‘afdaling’. Het begrip is afkomstig uit de traditie rond de god Vishnu die met tussenpozen in menselijke of dierlijke vorm op aarde verscheen teneinde deze te behoeden voor een ernstig gevaar of vernietiging. Vishnu’s beroemdste verschijningen waren als Krishna en Rama. Verwacht wordt dat de god in zijn laatste verschijningsvorm terugkeert om de wereld te verwoesten en vervolgens opnieuw te scheppen wanneer zij volledig verdorven zal zijn. In meer recente tijden is het begrip aangevochten door hervormers, vooral in verband met de verschijningen in de vorm van dieren. Tegelijkertijd hebben anderen het idee geopperd dat mensen, zelfs niet-hindoes zoals Jezus of Mohammed, avatars kunnen worden door goddelijke invulling. 
Spanish ..... Se refiere al descenso a la tierra de una deidad hindú en una forma visible. La palabra viene del significado Sánscrito "descenso". El concepto viene de la tradición asociada con la deidad Vishnu que periódicamente aparecía en la tierra en forma humana o animal para salvarlo de un grave peligro o destrucción. Las más famosas manifestaciones de Vishnu han sido como Krishna y Rama. Se espera que la deidad vuelva en la última de sus formas a destruir y seguidamente a recrear el mundo en el tiempo cuando esté completamente corrompido. En tiempos más recientes el concepto ha sido cuestionado por reformadores, particularmente respecto a las manifestaciones en formas de animal. Al mismo tiempo, otros han empleado el argumento que los humanos, incluso los no-hindúes como Jesús o Muhammad, pueden volverse avataras por un soplo divino. 

Sources and Contributors:
化身 (印度教教義概念)............  [AS-Academia Sinica Preferred]
.......................  大英百科全書線上繁體中文版 August 7, 2012
降凡............  [AS-Academia Sinica]
...........  AS-Academia Sinica data (2014-)
avatar............  [CDBP-SNPC Preferred, RKD, AAT-Ned Preferred]
.................  AAT-Ned (1994-)
.................  Diccionario Espasa. Religiones y creencias (1997) 75
.................  Enciclopedia Encarta de Lujo. Bibioteca de Consulta 2003 (2003)
.................  Van Dale Groot Woordenboek (1998)
.................  Van Dale Ne-En (1991)
avatara............  [CDBP-SNPC, VP Preferred]
.................  Enciclopedia Encarta de Lujo. Bibioteca de Consulta 2003 (2003)
.................  Goring, ed., Larousse Dictionary of Beliefs and Religions (1994) 48
avatāra............  [VP]
.................  Bowker, Oxford Dictionary of World Religions (1997) 113
.................  Goring, ed., Larousse Dictionary of Beliefs and Religions (1994) 48
hua shen............  [AS-Academia Sinica]
.................  AS-Academia Sinica data (2014-)
huà shēn............  [AS-Academia Sinica]
.................  AS-Academia Sinica data (2014-)
 
Subject: .....  [AS-Academia Sinica, CDBP-SNPC, RKD, AAT-Ned, VP]
............  Van Dale Groot Woordenboek (1998)
............  Van Dale Ne-En (1991)
 
Note:
English .......... [VP]
.......... Bowker, Oxford Dictionary of World Religions (1997) 113
.......... Goring, ed., Larousse Dictionary of Beliefs and Religions (1994) 48
Chinese (traditional) .......... [AS-Academia Sinica]
.......... AS-Academia Sinica data (2014-)
Dutch .......... [RKD, AAT-Ned]
.......... AAT-Ned (1994-)
.......... Van Dale Groot Woordenboek (1998)
.......... Van Dale Ne-En (1991)
Spanish .......... [CDBP-SNPC]
.......... TAA database (2000-)

 

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