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girandoles (candleholders) (candleholders, <candles and candleholders>, ... Furnishings and Equipment (hierarchy name)) |
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Note: Figural candelabras or candlesticks of the mid- to late 19th century, made of cast brass with gilt finish, and having marble bases and cut prisms around the candle sockets, often used in sets consisting of a candelabrum flanked by two candlesticks; term originally applied to the set as well as to the individual pieces; also an ornate wall sconce with one or more candle branches mounted on the wall or attached to the sides of a mirror.
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| Terms: |
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| girandoles (candleholders) (preferred,C,U,English-P,D,U,PN)
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| girandole (candleholder) (C,U,English,AD,U,SN)
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| girandole (candleholder) (French-P,AD,U,FSN)
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| gerandoles (C,U,English,UF,U,N)
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| girondoles (C,U,English,UF,U,N)
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| jerrandoles (C,U,English,UF,U,N)
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| girandes (C,U,Dutch-P,D,U,U)
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| girande (C,U,Dutch,AD,U,U)
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| Girandola (Kerzenhalter) (C,U,German,D,SN)
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| Girandole (Kerzenhalter) (C,U,German-P,AD,SN)
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| Girandolen (Kerzenhalter) (C,U,German,UF,PN)
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| girándulas (C,U,Spanish-P,D,U,PN)
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| girándula (C,U,Spanish,AD,U,SN)
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Facet/Hierarchy Code: V.TC |
Hierarchical Position:
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Objects Facet |
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.... Furnishings and Equipment (hierarchy name) (G) |
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........ Furnishings (hierarchy name) (G) |
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............ furnishings (works) (G) |
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................ <furnishings by form or function> (G) |
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.................... lighting devices (G) |
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........................ <lighting devices by form> (G) |
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............................ <candles and candleholders> (G) |
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................................ candleholders (G) |
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.................................... girandoles (candleholders) (G) |
Additional Notes: |
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| Dutch ..... Figuratieve kandelabers of kandelaars, uit het midden tot het eind van de 19e eeuw, die van gegoten koper met een goudlaagje zijn gemaakt. Ze hebben een marmeren voetstuk met geslepen prisma's rond de kaarshouder en worden vaak gebruikt in setjes bestaande uit een kandelaber met twee kandelaren. De benaming werd oorspronkelijk gebruikt voor zowel de gehele set als de individuele onderdelen. De naam duidt ook een decoratieve muurkandelaar aan, met één of meerdere armen, die aan een muur of aan de zijkanten van een spiegel zijn bevestigd. |
| German ..... Figuraler Kandelaber oder Kerzenleuchter aus der zweiten Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts, aus vergoldetem Messing mit einem Sockel aus Marmor und geschliffenen Prismen an den Kerzentüllen; häufig satzweise aus einem Kandelaber und zwei ihn flankierenden Kerzenständern bestehend; der Begriff bezieht sich ursprünglich sowohl auf die Kombination als auch auf die Einzelstücke; wird auch für ornamentale Wandleuchter verwendet, die einen oder mehrere Arme besitzen und an einer Wand oder den Seiten eines Spiegels angebracht werden. |
| Spanish ..... Candelabros o candeleros de mediados a fines del siglo XIX, fabricados de vaciado de bronce con un acabado dorado, y que tienen bases de mármol y colgantes de vidrio alrededor de la vela, a menudo usados en conjuntos que consisten en un candelabro flanqueado por dos candeleros; término originalmente aplicado al conjunto así como también a las piezas individuales; también un candelabro de pared decorativo con una o más brazos montado sobre una pared o pegados a los lados de un espejo. |
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Sources and Contributors: |
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| Girandola (Kerzenhalter)............ |
[IfM-SMB-PK] |
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Duden [online] (2011-) http://www.duden.de/node/723158/revisions/1123915/view |
| Girandolen (Kerzenhalter)............ |
[IfM-SMB-PK] |
| ............................................ |
Duden [online] (2011-) http://www.duden.de/node/723157/revisions/1118042/view |
| girandoles (candleholders)............ |
[VP Preferred] |
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Aronson, Encyclopedia of Furniture (1959) 243 |
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Bacot, 19th Century Lighting (1987) GLOS |
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Beard and Goodison, English Furniture (1987) GLOS, Candelabrum. In 18th century, word also describes large rococo sconces, and mirror backed wall braks |
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Comstock, Looking Glass in America (1968) 13 |
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Darbee, Glossary of Old Lamps (1974) |
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Downs and Du Pont, American furniture: Queen Anne and Chippendale (1952) |
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Fairbanks and Bates, American Furniture (1981) 532 |
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Fleming and Honour, Dictionary of the Decorative Arts (1977) 327 |
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Gloag, Short Dictionary of Furniture (1965) |
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Hayward and Kirkham, William and John Linnell (1980) 137 |
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Hepplewhite, Cabinet-Maker and Upholsterer's Guide (1969) 113 |
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Hobard, Early Lighting in New England (1964) illustration, 33 |
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Ince and Mayhew, Universal System of Household Furniture (1960) 9, plates LXX, LXXI |
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Myers, Gaslighting in America (1978) 51 |
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Russell, Heritage of Light (1968) |
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Thwing and Daniels, Dictionary of Old Lamps (1952) |
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Watson, Wrightsman Collection (1966-1973) 584 |
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Webster's Third New International Dictionary (1961) |
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