DEFINITION
The identification and description of images that provide
information about a work of art or architecture. These visual
documents are distinguished from related works of art or architecture,
which are recorded in RELATED WORKS.
SUBCATEGORIES
GENERAL DISCUSSION
This category records information about images, reproductions,
and facsimiles of works of art or architecture, including
photographs, negatives, microfiche, videotape, and digital
images. This category should be a separate file linked to
the Object/Work records, if possible.
This category records information about images or other resources
that serve as visual surrogates of Object/Works, including
digital images, slides, transparencies, photographs, videos,
audio, and moving images, but excluding items that are considered
works in their own right. For works such as drawings, prints,
paintings, or photographs considered art, and other works
that themselves contain representations of other works, use
RELATED WORKS and/or SUBJECT MATTER.
Images discussed in this category are typicaly held in photo
archives or other visual resource collections. For published
images of works, use RELATED TEXTUAL REFERENCES.
Image as a work of art
A reproduction may itself be considered a work of art, e.g.,
Eugène Atget's photographs of the art and architecture
of Paris, or Alison Frantz's photographs of ancient Greek
sites and artifacts. Such works should be described separately
– or additionally – as Object/Works in their own right and
linked via RELATED WORKS.
Purpose of images
Images may be made for reproduction, study, examination, documentation,
or teaching. They may include historic photographs, conservation
photographs, or installation photographs from a particular
exhibition.
This category provides references to available reproductions
or documentary images of an Object/Work. Certain types of
visual documentation, such as historic photographs, may enhance
understanding of a work of art, identify its subject, or establish
facts about its creation and history. Images can provide a
contextual view over time, making it possible to study physical
changes in the work over time, identify the condition of a
work at a particular time, or determine how the work was housed
or displayed in a particular setting. (e.g., historical images
of the Great Sphinx show that the site was once desert
and that the condition of the work has deteriorated over the
last 150 years).When a work of art or architecture is lost
or destroyed, it may be known only through an image of it.
Images containing certain views of the Object/Work, such
as those taken under ultraviolet light or in raking light,
reveal particular characteristics of the work, such as underdrawings.
Photographs of a work before and after it has undergone restoration
may enhance understanding of both the treatment and the execution
of the work itself.
Image vs. View
In CDWA, Image refers to the physical visual work or
digital representation (e.g., a slide or a JPEG). View
refers to the vantage point or lighting of the Object/Work
in the image. Rules for both Image and View appear below;
for a fuller, more prescriptive set of cataloging rules for
View, see Chapter 9: View Information in
Cataloging Cultural Objects (CCO), which deals with a
critical subset of the CDWA.
Related Visual Documentation -
Image Catalog Level
DEFINITION
An indication of the level of cataloging represented by the
image record, based on the physical form or intellectual content
of the images.
EXAMPLES
item
collection
group
subgroup
series
set
DISCUSSION and GUIDELINES
Optional: As a preliminary step in cataloging
the image, determine the cataloging level. Record a term indicating
if the image catalog record represents an item, volume, group,
collection, or other arrangement of images. This is highly
recommended if you are cataloging single items in addition
to collections and groups of images.
For definitions of the terms, see OBJECT/WORK - CATALOG LEVEL.
TERMINOLOGY/FORMAT
Controlled list: Use a controlled list of terminology:
item, collection, group, subgroup, series, set, and additional
terms as necessary.
RELATED CATEGORIES and ACCESS
Record whole/part relationships between groups, collections
and items in RELATED IMAGE subcategories.
Related Visual Documentation
- Image Type
DEFINITION
The generic identification of the medium or type of image.
EXAMPLES
photograph
slide
videotape
X-ray photograph
negative
internegative
albumen print
digital image
duplicate slide
DISCUSSION and GUIDELINES
Optional: Record a term specifying the particular
kind of image. You may record multiple Types in subsequent
occurrences of the subcategory, as necessary. It is recommended
to use the most specific, appropriate term.
Form and syntax
Record the singular form of the term. Record the term in lower
case except where the term includes a proper noun or is otherwise
capitalized in the controlled vocabulary. Avoid abbreviations.
Record terms in natural word order, not inverted. Do not use
punctuation, except hyphens, as required.
TERMINOLOGY/FORMAT
Authority or controlled list: Control this subcategory with the
GENERIC CONCEPT AUTHORITY, which can be populated with terminology
from the following published vocabularies: AAT, ACRL/RBMS
Genre Terms, ISO 5127-3: Iconic Documents, ISO 5127-11: Audio-visual
Documents, LC Descriptive Terms for Graphic Materials, Moving
Image Materials, and Revised Nomenclature. If the cataloging
institution requires only a short list of type terms, a controlled
list (rather than an authority file) may suffice..
Related Visual Documentation
- Image Title/Name
DEFINITION
A title, name, or appellation applied to the image or collection
of images.
EXAMPLES
- Grandes Chroniques de France, Jean Fouquet
- Detail of the Face of the Great Sphinx, Giza
- Felbermeyer Photographs of Antiquities and Art in Italy
- Study Photographs of Ancient Vases
- Spanish-Colonial Architecture in Mexico
DISCUSSION and GUIDELINES
Optional: Record a title or name for the image,
group of images, collection, or series, when applicable. This
subcategory is necessary for a collections of images, but
it may be applied to items (individual images) as well, particularly
when the IMAGE VIEW is not adequate to identify the item in
labels. If an image or collection of images has been known
by multiple titles or names, include them in repeating instances
of this subcategory.
Form and syntax
Use title case. Follow the rules for capitalization and syntax
described for titles of Object/Works in the TITLES/NAMES category.
For groups and collections, list the name of the group or
collection. For items, create a title that briefly describes
the image, including the TITLE and the creator (CREATION -
CREATOR DESCRIPTION - IDENTITY) of the Object/Work depicted
(e.g., Grandes Chroniques de France, Jean Fouquet),
and an indication of the view of the work and/or its location,
if applicable (e.g., Detail of the Face of the Great Sphinx,
Giza).
TERMINOLOGY/FORMAT
Free-text: This is not a controlled field.
If there is important information in the IMAGE TITLE/NAME,
such as the name of a collector, index this information in
the pertinent controlled subcategory (e.g., IMAGE MAKER/AGENT)
elsewhere in the record.
Related Visual Documentation
- Image Measurements
DEFINITION
The applicable measurements of the image, including dimensions
and format.
EXAMPLES
35 mm, 60 minutes
198 x 233 cm (78 x 91 3/4 inches)
8 x 10 inches
656 K bytes
1024 x 768 pixels
2,400 boxes
DISCUSSION and GUIDELINES
Optional: Record a prose description of the
dimensions, or construct a display by concatenating information
from controlled fields. Include information about the dimensions,
size, or format of the image, presented in a syntax suitable
for display to the end-user and including any necessary indications
of uncertainty, ambiguity, and nuance. Measurements may apply
to items or collections and groups.
Form and Syntax
Include measurements in both metric units and US Customary
Units (inches, feet), if possible. Record dimensions height
by width (if appropriate) (e.g., 198 x 233 cm (78 x 91
3/4 inches)). Alternatively, record standardized measurements
of reproductive media in the traditional way, with the smallest
dimension first and using the standard applicable units (e.g.,
8 x 10 inches).
TERMINOLOGY/FORMAT
Free text : This is not a controlled field.
Use consistent format and syntax when possible. It is recommended
to index the display measurements by using the subcategories
below.
Related Visual Documentation
- Image Measurements - Dimension Type
DEFINITION
The kind of dimension taken of the image.
EXAMPLES
height
width
length
running time
count
DISCUSSION and GUIDELINES
Optional: Record a term or terms describing
the Type. Use lower case.
TERMINOLOGY/FORMAT
Controlled list: Control values with a list
of valid terminology, including the terms in the Examples
above and others as necessary.
Related Visual Documentation
- Image Measurements - Value
DEFINITION
The numerical value of the dimension taken of the image.
EXAMPLES
8
10
35
60
DISCUSSION and GUIDELINES
Optional: Record the numerical indicator of
the dimension. If you are indexing measurements, include Value.
TERMINOLOGY/FORMAT
Controlled format: Whole numbers or decimal
fractions only. It is recommended to use numbers that refer
metric units in this controlled field, however, local practice
may vary.
Related Visual Documentation
- Image Measurements - Unit
DEFINITION
The unit of measurement applicable to the measurements of
the image.
EXAMPLES
millimeters
inches
minutes
pixels
DISCUSSION and GUIDELINES
Optional: If you are indexing the measurements,
include the Unit of measurement.
TERMINOLOGY/FORMAT
Controlled list: Use a controlled list of terminology,
including the values in Examples above. Metric units may be
abbreviated using standard abbreviations. It is recommended
to use metric units in this controlled field, however, local
practice may vary.
Related Visual Documentation
- Image Format
DEFINITION
The configuration, proportion, size, or other format designation
of the image.
EXAMPLES
Beta
JPEG
TIFF
lantern slide
VHF
JFIF with JPEG compression
cibachrome print
Macintosh
DOS
DISCUSSION and GUIDELINES
Optional: Include a designation of the format
or conventional size designation, if pertinent.
To record numeric sizes, use VALUE to record the number and
indicate the controlled term size in DIMENSION TYPE. Industry
sizes are not always accurate or consistent, and vary within
certain tolerances. For example a photograph may actually
measure 7 3/4 x 9 5/8 inches, but the format is 8
x 10 inches.
TERMINOLOGY/FORMAT
Controlled list: Use consistent terminology
from a controlled list. Include the terms in the examples
above and others derived from the AAT Attributes and Properties
hierarchy or the ACRL/RBMS Paper Terms and ACRL/RBMS Type
Evidence.
Related Visual Documentation
- Image Date
DEFINITION
The date or range of dates when the image was created or
produced.
EXAMPLES
1997
October 1980
before 1944
ca. 1895-1900
1945-1949 (bulk dates)
DISCUSSION and GUIDELINES
Optional: Record the dates or date range when
the image was created. Include uncertainty and nuance, as
necessary.
Note that this is the date of the physical or digital image,
which is not necessarily the same as the VIEW DATE (e.g.,
the date of original photographic negative may be recorded
in VIEW DATE, while the date of a later print may be recorded
in IMAGE DATE). This may also be the date of the images in
a collection, which may be expressed as inclusive dates
or bulk dates.
Form and syntax
Follow the applicable rules for display dates in CREATION
- CREATION DATE.
TERMINOLOGY/FORMAT
Free-text: This is not a controlled field.
Maintain consistent capitalization, punctuation, and syntax
where possible. Index the dates in the controlled EARLIEST
and LATEST DATE subcategories.
Related Visual Documentation
- Image Date - Earliest Date
DEFINITION
The earliest possible date when the image or images were
created or produced.
EXAMPLES
1980-10-01
1977
1885
DISCUSSION and GUIDELINES
Optional: Record the earliest year indicated
by the display IMAGE DATE. Always record years in the proleptic
Gregorian calendar in the indexing dates fields. It is optional
to record EARLIEST DATE; however, if you record a value here,
you must also record LATEST DATE.
Form and syntax
Follow the applicable rules for dates in CREATION - CREATION
DATE - EARLIEST DATE.
TERMINOLOGY/FORMAT
Controlled format: Date information must be
formatted consistently to allow retrieval. Local rules should
be in place. Suggested formats are available in the ISO Standard
and W3 XML Schema Part 2.
ISO 8601:2004 Representation of dates and times. International
Organization for Standardization. Data Elements and Interchange
Formats. Information Interchange. Representation of Dates
and Times. Geneva, Switzerland: International Organization
for Standardization, 2004.
XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes, 2001. www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/.
Related Visual Documentation
- Image Date - Latest Date
DEFINITION
The latest possible date when the image or images were created
or produced.
EXAMPLES
1980-10-31
1977
1944
1900
DISCUSSION and GUIDELINES
Optional: Record the latest year indicated
by the display IMAGE DATE. Always record years in the proleptic
Gregorian calendar in the indexing dates fields. It is optional
to record LATEST DATE; however, if you record a value here,
you must also record EARLIEST DATE.
Form and syntax
Follow the applicable rules for dates in CREATION - CREATION
DATE - LATEST DATE.
TERMINOLOGY/FORMAT
Controlled format: Date information must be
formatted consistently to allow retrieval. Local rules should
be in place. Suggested formats are available in the ISO Standard
and W3 XML Schema Part 2.
ISO 8601:2004 Representation of dates and times. International
Organization for Standardization. Data Elements and Interchange
Formats. Information Interchange. Representation of Dates
and Times. Geneva, Switzerland: International Organization
for Standardization, 2004.
XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes, 2001. www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/.
Related Visual Documentation
- Image Color
DEFINITION
The characterization of the chromatic qualities of the image.
EXAMPLES
black-and-white
color
sepia
monochrome
256 shades of gray
24-bit color
DISCUSSION and GUIDELINES
Optional: Record a term specifying the color,
tint, hue or chromatic range of the image or images.
TERMINOLOGY/FORMAT
Controlled list: Control this subcategory with
a controlled list, which can be partiallly populated with
terminology from the AAT Color hierarchy.
Related Visual Documentation
- Image View
DEFINITION
A description of the context (lighting, time of day) and/or
aspect (position, angle, range, orientation, extent, or portion)
of the work as depicted in the image.
EXAMPLES
profile view
detail of Joachim
detail of surface in raking light
view from below in late afternoon sunlight
DISCUSSION and GUIDELINES
Optional: Record a description of the the spatial,
chronological, or contextual aspects of the work as captured
in the image view.
Form and Syntax
Use phrases in lower case. Capitalize proper names. For other
words, use lower case. Avoid abbreviations. Provide directional
descriptions for architecture, sculpture, and other three
dimensional objects (e.g., for a building, view from the
east, or for a portrait bust, left profile). Do
not capitalize cardinal directions (east, west, etc.) Note
special lighting conditions (e.g., raking light).
Alternatively use sentence case and complete sentences or
phrases.
Image View helps the user to evaluate the nature of the information
contained in the image and to differentiate among multiple
images of the same work. Knowing that a slide depicts a view
of the Nike of Samothrace from below may aid researchers
trying to determine how the work was originally intended to
be seen. An aerial view of the Acropolis places the remains
of the various monuments in their relative context.
TERMINOLOGY/FORMAT
Free text: This is not a controlled field.
Index the type of view in VIEW TYPE.
Related Visual Documentation
- Image View - View Type
DEFINITION
Terms that characterize the view in terms of vantage point,
perspective, or lighting effects.
EXAMPLES
raking light
sunset
aerial view
frontal view
interior view
profile view
eye-level view
close-up view
DISCUSSION and GUIDELINES
Optional: Record a term or terms describing
the position, angle, range, orientation, extent, or portion
of the work depicted in the image view. If more than one term
applies to an image, or if you are cataloging a collection
or group, repeat this subcategory as necessary.
TERMINOLOGY/FORMAT
Controlled list: Control this subcategory with
a controlled list derived from terms in the Examples above
and other terms as necessary. Use the AAT (especially Views
(visual works)) to find additional terminology.
Related Visual Documentation
- Image View - View Subject
DEFINITION
A description of the subject matter of the work as it is
depicted in a specific view.
EXAMPLES
- detail of Alan Pinkerton at the Battle of Antietam
- Large Arch sculpture in the larger library plaza area
- Great Sphinx with the Great Pyramid in the background
DISCUSSION and GUIDELINES
Optional: Record a description of the subject
as depicted in the view, particularly if it is distinct from
the general subject information recorded for the Object/Work.
Form and syntax
Use phrases in lower case. Capitalize proper names. For other
words, use lower case. Avoid abbreviations. Provide directional
descriptions for architecture, sculpture, and other three
dimensional objects (e.g., for a building, view from the
east, or for a portrait bust, left profile). Do
not capitalize cardinal directions (east, west, etc.) Note
special lighting conditions (e.g., raking light).
Alternatively use sentence case and complete sentences or
phrases.
TERMINOLOGY/FORMAT
Free text: This is not a controlled
field. Index the subject in INDEXING TERMS.
Related Visual Documentation
- Image View - View Subject - View Subject Indexing Terms
DEFINITION
Terms or phrases that index the subject matter of the work
as it is depicted in a specific view.
EXAMPLES
bird's nest
urn
knife
apple
lilies
Allan Pinkerton (American Secret Service agent, detective,
1819-1884)
Kilimanjaro (Tanzania)
DISCUSSION and GUIDELINES
Optional: Record terms that characterize the
subject as depicted in the view, particularly as it is distinct
from general subject information recorded for the Object/Work.
Repeat the subcategory as necessary. Most institutions will
use this subcategory, but not IMAGE VIEW; it is more important
to index the subject here than to describe it in IMAGE VIEW.
Form and syntax
Capitalize proper names; for other terms, use lower case.
Avoid abbreviations. Generally use the singular, including
the proper names of iconographical themes, mythological events,
persons, places, etc. When the singular is inappropriate,
use the plural term, as warranted by the subject being cataloged.
If a view includes a portion of the entire Object/Work, describe
the subject of the part that is captured in the view.
TERMINOLOGY/FORMAT
Authorities: See the SUBJECT MATTER - INDEXING
TERMS subcategory for a full discussion of the terminology
for subject indexing.
Several different authorities will be used for subject indexing.
Control terminology with the SUBJECT AUTHORITY for the proper
names of the following: historical events; fictional characters,
places, and events; religious or mythological characters or
events; literary themes; iconographical themes.Control the
names of historical people and corporate bodies with the PERSON/CORPORATE
BODY AUTHORITY; control the names of geographical places with
the PLACE/LOCATION AUTHORITY; control generic subject terms
with the GENERIC CONCEPT AUTHORITY.
Related Visual Documentation -
Image View - View Date
DEFINITION
The date or range of dates associated with the particular
view captured in the image, which is not necessarily the same
as the date of the surrogate image.
EXAMPLES
DISCUSSION and GUIDELINES
Optional: Record the dates or date range depicted
in the view. Include references to uncertainty or ambiguity
as necessary.
Given that images may be created from negatives long after
the negative was made, this date is not necessarily the same
as the IMAGE DATE.
Form and syntax
Follow the applicable rules for display dates in CREATION
- CREATION DATE.
TERMINOLOGY/FORMAT
Free-text: This is not a controlled field.
Maintain consistent capitalization, punctuation, and syntax
where possible. Index the dates in the controlled EARLIEST
and LATEST DATE subcategories.
Related Visual Documentation
- Image View - View Date - Earliest Date
DEFINITION
The earliest possible date when the view was captured.
EXAMPLES
1935
1950-12-01
1970
DISCUSSION and GUIDELINES
Optional: Record the earliest year indicated
by the display DATE. Always record years in the proleptic
Gregorian calendar in the indexing dates fields. It is optional
to record EARLIEST DATE; however, if you record a value here,
you must also record LATEST DATE.
Form and syntax
Follow the applicable rules for dates in CREATION - CREATION
DATE - EARLIEST DATE.
TERMINOLOGY/FORMAT
Controlled format: Date information must be
formatted consistently to allow retrieval. Local rules should
be in place. Suggested formats are available in the ISO Standard
and W3 XML Schema Part 2.
ISO 8601:2004 Representation of dates and times. International
Organization for Standardization. Data Elements and Interchange
Formats. Information Interchange. Representation of Dates
and Times. Geneva, Switzerland: International Organization
for Standardization, 2004.
XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes, 2001. www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/.
Related Visual Documentation -
Image View - View Date - Latest Date
DEFINITION
The latest possible date when the view was captured.
EXAMPLES
1935
1950-12-31
1980
DISCUSSION and GUIDELINES
Optional: Record the latest year indicated
by the display DATE. Always record years in the proleptic
Gregorian calendar in the indexing dates fields. It is optional
to record LATEST DATE; however, if you record a value here,
you must also record EARLIEST DATE.
Form and syntax
Follow the applicable rules for dates in CREATION - CREATION
DATE - LATEST DATE.
TERMINOLOGY/FORMAT
Controlled format: Date information must be
formatted consistently to allow retrieval. Local rules should
be in place. Suggested formats are available in the ISO Standard
and W3 XML Schema Part 2.
ISO 8601:2004 Representation of dates and times. International
Organization for Standardization. Data Elements and Interchange
Formats. Information Interchange. Representation of Dates
and Times. Geneva, Switzerland: International Organization
for Standardization, 2004.
XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes, 2001. www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/.
Related Visual Documentation -
Image Maker/Agent
DEFINITION
The name and biography or location of an individual or corporate
body that played a role in the creation of the image or images.
EXAMPLES
- Hutzel, Max (German photographer, born 1913)
- Fratelli Alinari (Italian photographic studio, Florence,
Italy)
DISCUSSION and GUIDELINES
Optional: Record the name, role, life dates,
and/or location of the person, persons, or corporate body
who created or otherwise had a role in the production of the
image or group or collection of images.
Form and syntax
For guidelines regarding the formulation of personal and corporate
body names, see the CREATION - CREATOR subcategories and the
PERSON/CORPORATE BODY AUTHORITY.
TERMINOLOGY/FORMAT
Authority: Control this subcategory with the
PERSON/CORPORATE BODY AUTHORITY.
Related Visual Documentation -
Image Maker/Agent - Maker/Agent Role
DEFINITION
The role or activity performed by the maker or other agent
in the conception, design, or production of the image or images.
EXAMPLES
photographer
photographic studio
publisher
printer
collector
compiler
DISCUSSION and GUIDELINES
Optional: Record a term or terms referring
to the role or activity performed by the maker or other agent
named in the conception, design, or production of the work
being cataloged. Use lower case.
TERMINOLOGY/FORMAT
Authority: Control this subcategory with the
GENERIC CONCEPT AUTHORITY, which can be populated with terminology
from the Agents facet of the AAT.
Related Visual Documentation
- Image Maker/Agent - Extent
DEFINITION
The part or stage in the process of the creation or production
of an image contributed by a particular maker or agent.
EXAMPLES
original negative
new print
core collection
later additions
DISCUSSION and GUIDELINES
Optional: Record a term or term describing
the part or stage of creation or production contributed by
an agent or maker, when necessary. Use lower case.
TERMINOLOGY/FORMAT
Controlled list: Control this subcategory with
a controlled list, using terminology of the type suggested
in the Examples above.
Related Visual Documentation -
Image Label/Identification
DEFINITION
A brief description that identifies the image and distinguishes
it from similar images.
EXAMPLES
- Detail of the Dome of Hagia Sophia; black-and-white
photograph; 1961; Architectural Photographs Archive (Melbourne,
Australia); BA-900-56
- North End of Houses of Parliament, including Big Ben;
digital image; 1989; Mikinio Photo Archives (Pompiono, Florida,
United States); 789-03-234-b
- Grandes Chroniques de France, Jean Fouquet; color
slide; 1999; Ansichten und Porträts, Bildarchive Foto
Marburg (Marburg, Germany); 00075568,T:0012
DISCUSSION and GUIDELINES
Optional: Record a brief description of the
image, to be used on slide labels, illustration captions,
when sharing images, and in other situations where the image
must be identified succinctly and uniquely.
Form and Syntax
There may be multiple forms and use of syntax, generated by
the cataloging institution for various uses in different situations.
The examples above include the following sytax: IMAGE TITLE/NAME
(or IMAGE VIEW), semi-colon, IMAGE TYPE, semi-colon, VIEW
DATE, semi-colon, IMAGE REPOSITORY (with geographic location),
semi-colon, IMAGE REPOSITORY NUMBERS.
TERMINOLOGY/FORMAT
System generated: Ideally, the label should
be generated from various fields in the image record.
Free-text: If this is a free-text field, index
the information in the pertinent controlled subcategories
elsewhere in the image record.
Related Visual Documentation -
Image Repository
DEFINITION
The name and location of the agency, individual, or other
repository that has physical control of the image.
EXAMPLES
- Bildarchive Foto Marburg (Marburg, Germany)
- Special Collections, Getty Research Institute (Los Angeles,
California, United States)
- College of Visual and Performing Arts Visual Resources
Library, University of South Florida (Tampa, Florida, United
States)
DISCUSSION and GUIDELINES
Optional: Identify the the name and location
of the repository, that is the administrative entity or individual
that has physical control of the image.
Form and syntax
For guidelines regarding format and syntax of personal and
corporate body names, see the CREATION - CREATOR category
and the PERSON/CORPORATE BODY AUTHORITY.
TERMINOLOGY/FORMAT
Authority: Control this subcategory with the
PERSON/CORPORATE BODY AUTHORITY.
Related Visual Documentation -
Image Repository - Repository Numbers
DEFINITION
The unique number(s), codes, or other identification assigned
to the image by the repository.
EXAMPLES
no. 095
Fir-890-781
ITA-3j-4560-126
item 5.11
DISCUSSION and GUIDELINES
Optional: Record the image identification used
by the repository of the image. Numbers may have prefixes
or suffixes that are vital to their meaning.
TERMINOLOGY/FORMAT
Free text: The format of the number will vary
depending on its type and source.
Related Visual Documentation
- Image Repository - Repository Numbers - Number Type
DEFINITION
The type of number, code, or other identification assigned
to the image by the repository.
EXAMPLES
accession number
collection number
registration number
location symbol
collector's number
identification number
object identification
DISCUSSION and GUIDELINES
Optional: Record a term describing the type
of number, if known. Use lower case.
TERMINOLOGY/FORMAT
Controlled list : Control this subcategory
with a controlled list, using the terms in Examples above,
and others as necessary.
Related Visual Documentation
- Image Copyright/Restrictions
DEFINITION
Copyright statement naming the copyright holder by name,
location, and date of copyright, and a summary of any restrictions
on the use or dissemination of the image.
EXAMPLES
- Copyright © 2006 Fratelli Alinari
- © Smithsonian Institution
- © 1992 Museum of Fine Arts, Boston
- Sandak, Imprint of Macmillan Publishing Company, 866 Third
Avenue, New York, NY 10022. "Sandak slides are to be
used via normal classroom of auditorium projection for educational
purposes only. They may not be duplicated or reproduced
in any medium, electronic or other. Any other use requires
written permission from the appropriate rights holders."
DISCUSSION and GUIDELINES
Optional: Record the copyright statement or
restrictions information for the image in an accessible, concise,
and easily understandable form.
Use this subcategory if the holder of the reproduction rights
for the image differs from the holder of rights for the work.
For example, the work rights could be "© National
Museum of African Art, Smithsonian Institution (Washington
DC)," but the image rights are "Photo ©
Frank Khoury." See also the COPYRIGHT/RESTRICTIONS
category for the work.
Form and syntax
Transcribe the statement verbatim as expressed by the copyright
holder, using syntax, capitalization, and punctuation as indicated
in the original statement.
Alternatively, if you are composing a new statement, the
following syntax is recommended: The word "copyright"
(optional) followed by the copyright symbol (a "c"
in a circle, ©), the first year when the work was covered
by copyright, and the name of the copyright holder (e.g.,
© 2003 Marcus M. Moroniani. All rights reserved). If
the year of first copyright is not known, it may be omitted
from the statement (e.g., Copyright © Museum of Fine
Arts, Boston).
TERMINOLOGY/FORMAT
Free-text: This is not a controlled field;
however, consistent format and syntax is recommended within
each repository. If you are transcribing statements from other
institutions, copyright statements should be transcribed verbatim.
Index the personal and corporate names and dates in the categories
discussed below.
Related Visual Documentation
- Image Copyright/Restrictions - Image Copyright Holder
DEFINITION
The identification of the institution, agency, or individual
that owns or otherwise has legal rights to the image.
EXAMPLES
- Osterreichische Nationalbibliothek (Vienna, Austria)
- Yan Photo Reportage (Toulouse, France)
- Whitaker Studios (Richmond, Virginia, United States)
- Alinari (Florence, Italy)
- Service Photographique Réunion des Musées
Nationaux (Paris, France)
DISCUSSION and GUIDELINES
Optional: Identify the owner by name and location.
The owner may be an institution, agency, or an individual.
Form and syntax
For guidelines regarding format and syntax of personal and
corporate body names, see the CREATION - CREATOR category
and the PERSON/CORPORATE BODY AUTHORITY.
TERMINOLOGY/FORMAT
Authority: Control this subcategory with the
PERSON/CORPORATE BODY AUTHORITY.
Related Visual Documentation
- Image Copyright/Restrictions - Image Copyright Holder -
Holder's Numbers
DEFINITION
The unique number(s), codes, or other identification assigned
to the image by the rights holder, including accession number,
call number, and bar code.
EXAMPLES
009876
A4S36.2
GR/20.tif
DISCUSSION and GUIDELINES
Optional: Record the image identification used
by the rights holder of the image. Numbers may have prefixes
or suffixes that are vital to their meaning.
TERMINOLOGY/FORMAT
Free text: The format of the number will vary
depending on its type and source.
Related Visual Documentation
- Image Copyright/Restrictions - Image Copyright Holder -
Holder's Numbers - Number Type
DEFINITION
The type of number assigned to a work by assigned to the
image by the rights holder.
EXAMPLES
accession number
collection number
registration number
identification number
DISCUSSION and GUIDELINES
Optional: Record a term describing the type
of number, if known. Use lower case.
TERMINOLOGY/FORMAT
Controlled list : Control this subcategory
with a controlled list, using the terms in Examples above,
and others as necessary.
Related Visual Documentation
Image - Copyright/Restrictions - Copyright Date
DEFINITION
The date or range of dates when the copyright to an image
or images is held by a particular individual or group.
EXAMPLES
1950
1918-1968
1993
until 1 January 2030
unknown
DISCUSSION and GUIDELINES
Optional: Record a year, a span of years, or
a phrase that describes the specific or approximate dates
associated with the copyright of the image or images. Include
nuance and expressions of uncertainty, as necessary.
Dates should be recorded as specifically as possible. In
some cases, only approximate dates may be known. If an image
was once in copyright but is now in the public domain, record
a range of dates for the period that it was protected by copyright.
If the period of time is unknown, indicate this through expressions
of uncertainty (e.g., probably) or by using the term
unknown; however, index EARLIEST and LATEST DATES with
an estimated span of dates in any case.
TERMINOLOGY/FORMAT
Free-text: This is not a controlled field.
Maintain consistent capitalization, punctuation, and syntax
where possible. Index the dates in the controlled EARLIEST
and LATEST DATE subcategories.
Related Visual Documentation
- Copyright/Restrictions - Copyright Date - Earliest Date
DEFINITION
The earliest possible date when the copyright was held by
a particular individual or group.
EXAMPLES
1918
1984
1971-01-01
DISCUSSION and GUIDELINES
Optional: Record the earliest year when the
copyright or other restriction was in effect. Always record
years in the proleptic Gregorian calendar in the indexing
dates fields. When recording the day and month, use the following
syntax: YYYY-MM-DD (year, month, day, separated by dashes),
if possible. (The standards suggest alternate possibilities:
you may use an alternative syntax if you are consistent and
it is compliant with the standards.) It is optional to record
EARLIEST DATE; however, if you record a value here, you must
also record LATEST DATE.
TERMINOLOGY/FORMAT
Controlled format: Date information must be
formatted consistently to allow retrieval. Local rules should
be in place. Suggested formats are available in the ISO Standard
and W3 XML Schema Part 2.
ISO 8601:2004 Representation of dates and times. International
Organization for Standardization. Data Elements and Interchange
Formats. Information Interchange. Representation of Dates
and Times. Geneva, Switzerland: International Organization
for Standardization, 2004.
XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes, 2001. www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/.
Related Visual Documentation
- Copyright/Restrictions - Copyright Date - Latest Date
DEFINITION
The latest possible date when the copyright was held by a
particular individual or group.
EXAMPLES
1968
2084
2030-01-01
DISCUSSION and GUIDELINES
Optional: Record the latest year when the copyright
or other restriction was in effect. Always record years in
the proleptic Gregorian calendar in the indexing dates fields.
When recording the day and month, use the following syntax:
YYYY-MM-DD (year, month, day, separated by dashes), if possible.
(The standards suggest alternate possibilities: you may use
an alternative syntax if you are consistent and it is compliant
with the standards.) It is optional to record LATEST DATE;
however, if you record a value here, you must also record
EARLIEST DATE.
TERMINOLOGY/FORMAT
Controlled format: Date information must be
formatted consistently to allow retrieval. Local rules should
be in place. Suggested formats are available in the ISO Standard
and W3 XML Schema Part 2.
ISO 8601:2004 Representation of dates and times. International
Organization for Standardization. Data Elements and Interchange
Formats. Information Interchange. Representation of Dates
and Times. Geneva, Switzerland: International Organization
for Standardization, 2004.
XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes, 2001. www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/.
Related Visual Documentation
- Image Source
DEFINITION
Identification of the agency, individual, or repository from
which the image, images, or other visual resource was obtained.
It may also refer to a published source, which is cited in
CITATIONS.
EXAMPLES
- Scala (Florence, Italy)
- Saskia Ltd. Cultural Documentation (Portland, Oregon,
United States)
- published work
DISCUSSION and GUIDELINES
Opional: Record an identification of the source
of the image.
Form and syntax
For guidelines regarding format and syntax of personal and
corporate body names, see the CREATION - CREATOR category
and the PERSON/CORPORATE BODY AUTHORITY.
If the source was a published work, record the term publication
here, and cite the publication in CITATIONS.
TERMINOLOGY/FORMAT
Authority: Control this subcategory with the
PERSON/CORPORATE BODY AUTHORITY.
Related
Visual Documentation - Related Object/Work
DEFINITION
An identification of the work that is related to the image.
EXAMPLES
- Pendant Mask: Iyoba; mask; unknown Nigerian;
16th century; Metropolitan Museum (New York, New York, United
States); 1978.412.323
- Small Miseries of War; series; designed and etched
by Jacques Callot (French, 1592-1635); 1632-1633, published
1635; Paris (France)
- Pantheon; rotunda; unknown Roman architect for
the emperor Hadrian; begun in 27 BCE, rebuilt 118/119-125/128;
Rome (Italy)
- Apollo, Pan, and Putto; painting; Francesco Primaticcio
(Italian, 1504-1570); 1559-1560; lost, formerly in Galerie
d'Ulysse, Fontainebleau (Ile-de-France, France)
- Amenhotep IV Enthroned; wall painting; unknown
Egyptian; Eighteenth Dynasty;
Tomb of Ramose (Thebes, Qin governorate, Upper Egypt region,
Egypt); no. 55
DISCUSSION and GUIDELINES
Optional: Identify the work that is depicted
in the image. It is optional but highly recommended to link
images to the works they depict.
Form and syntax
Use consistent syntax and punctuation for the label, as described
in CURRENT LOCATION - OBJECT/WORK LABEL/IDENTIFICATION. Follow
the Examples above, concatenating the following subcategories
from the record of the Object/Work: Title, semi-colon, Object/Work
Type, semi-colon, Creator Description, semi-colon, Creation
Date, semi-colon, Current Location Description, semi-colon,
Repository Number (or Exhibition/Loan History - Object Number).
Alternatively, devise another scheme for syntax and punctuation,
provided it is used consistently in local practice.
Ideally, this category is a link to a record for the Object/Work.
TERMINOLOGY/FORMAT
System generated: Ideally, this label should
be generated from various fields in the Object/Work record.
Related Visual Documentation
- Related Object/Work - Work Relationship Type
DEFINITION
The relationship of the image to the work it depicts.
EXAMPLES
conservation image
documentary image
contextual image
historical view
reconstruction
installation image
DISCUSSION and GUIDELINES
Optional: Record a term, terms, or brief phrase
describing the type of relationship between the image and
the Object/Work depicted in it. Use lower case.
TERMINOLOGY/FORMAT
Controlled list: Control this subcategory with
an extensible controlled list, using terms in the examples
above and others as required.
Related
Visual Documentation - Related Image
DEFINITION
An identification of the related image that will be meaningful
to end users.
EXAMPLES
- Felbermeyer Photographs of Antiquities and Art in
Italy; photographs; ca. 1929-1986; Special Collections,
Getty Research Institute (Los Angeles, California, USA)
- Brogi Collection; black-and-white photographs; 1860-1881;
Fratelli Alinari (Florence, Italy)
DISCUSSION and GUIDELINES
Optional: Record a label identifying the related
image.
Form and syntax
Use consistent syntax and punctuation for the label. Follow
the Examples above, concatenating the following subcategories
from the record of the related image or group/collection:
Title/Name, semi-colon, Image Type, semi-colon, Image Repository,
semi-colon, Image Repository Number (if any).
Alternatively, devise another scheme for syntax and punctuation,
provided it is used consistently in local practice.
Ideally, this category is a link to a record for the related
image or group/collection.
TERMINOLOGY/FORMAT
System generated: Ideally, this should be generated
from various fields in the related image record.
Free-text: If this is a free-text field, index
the information in the pertinent controlled subcategories
elsewhere in the related image record.
Related
Visual Documentation - Related Image - Image Relationship
Type
DEFINITION
A term describing the nature of the relationship between
the image or images at hand and the related image or images.
EXAMPLES
copy of
original
negative for
scanned from
related to
DISCUSSION and GUIDELINES
Optional: Record a term, terms, or brief phrase
describing the relationship between the image or images being
cataloged and other images. Use lower class.
Whole/part relationships
Whole/part relationships should ideally be structured in the
database as hierarchical relationships, discussed in RELATED
IMAGES - BROADER CONTEXT. If this is not possible, you may
link them here through IMAGE RELATIONSHIP TYPES larger
context for and part of.
TERMINOLOGY/FORMAT
Controlled list: Control this subcategory with
an extensible controlled list, using terms copy of, negative
for, scanned from, related to,
and other values as needed.
Related Visual Documentation
- Related Image - Image Relationship Number
DEFINITION
The alphanumeric indicator or phrase that qualifies the relationship
between related images.
EXAMPLES
DISCUSSION and GUIDELINES
Optional: Record a phrase or number that concisely
describes the physical or intellectual position of this work
or works in relation to other related works. Use lower case,
commas, and cardinal numbers, where possible. Use consistent
syntax and punctuation.
TERMINOLOGY/FORMAT
Free-text: This is not a controlled field.
However, consistent use capitalization, punctuation, and syntax
is recommended.
Related Visual Documentation
- Related Image - Image Relationship Date
DEFINITION
The date or range of dates associated with the relationship
between the image or images being cataloged and the related
image or images.
EXAMPLES
compiled 1876
assembled after 1945
DISCUSSION and GUIDELINES
Optional: Record the dates or date range when
the relationship was or is in place. Include references to
uncertainty or ambiguity as necessary.
Form and syntax
Follow the applicable rules for display dates in CREATION
- CREATION DATE.
TERMINOLOGY/FORMAT
Free-text: This is not a controlled field.
Maintain consistent capitalization, punctuation, and syntax
where possible. Index the dates in the controlled EARLIEST
and LATEST DATE subcategories.
Related Visual Documentation
- Related Image - Image Relationship Date - Earliest Date
DEFINITION
The earliest date when the relationship could have been in
place.
EXAMPLES
1876
1945
DISCUSSION and GUIDELINES
Optional: Record the earliest year indicated
by the display DATE. Always record years in the proleptic
Gregorian calendar in the indexing dates fields. It is optional
to record EARLIEST DATE; however, if you record a value here,
you must also record LATEST DATE.
Form and syntax
Follow the applicable rules for dates in CREATION - CREATION
DATE - EARLIEST DATE.
TERMINOLOGY/FORMAT
Controlled format: Date information must be
formatted consistently to allow retrieval. Local rules should
be in place. Suggested formats are available in the ISO Standard
and W3 XML Schema Part 2.
ISO 8601:2004 Representation of dates and times. International
Organization for Standardization. Data Elements and Interchange
Formats. Information Interchange. Representation of Dates
and Times. Geneva, Switzerland: International Organization
for Standardization, 2004.
XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes, 2001. www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/.
Related Visual Documentation
- Related Image - Image Relationship Date - Latest Date
DEFINITION
The latest date when the relationship could have been in
place.
EXAMPLES
1970
9999
DISCUSSION and GUIDELINES
Optional: Record the latest year indicated
by the display DATE. Always record years in the proleptic
Gregorian calendar in the indexing dates fields. It is optional
to record LATEST DATE; however, if you record a value here,
you must also record EARLIEST DATE. For relationships that
are currently extant, record the value 9999.
Form and syntax
Follow the applicable rules for dates in CREATION - CREATION
DATE - LATEST DATE.< | 
