Ancient Lamps in the J. Paul Getty Museum

Jean Bussière and Birgitta Lindros Wohl

The J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles

Contents

- Director’s Foreword

- Acknowledgments

- Abbreviations and Notes to Readers

- Introduction

- Catalogue

- Typological Classification

I. Phoenico-Punic Clay Saucer Lamps

II. Greek and Hellenistic Clay Lamps

III. Roman-Period Clay Lamps

IV. Metal Lamps

- Indices

- Index of Iconography

- Index of Signatures and Inscriptions

- Index of Donors and Vendors

- Index of Place Names

- Concordance of Identification Numbers

- Bibliography

- About the Authors

- Copyright

Director’s Foreword

As far back as prehistoric times, dwellings have yielded simple stone containers that held fuel and a floating wick. With the growing complexity of the built environment, a great variety of lighting implements, from clay saucers and shell bowls to precious-metal vessels, are found in Near Eastern and Aegean sites during the Bronze Age. Over time, lamps became both more technologically sophisticated and, by the Hellenistic period, more elaborately decorated with figurative and other iconographies, as was appropriate to their widespread use in homes, markets, temples, palaces, burials, and sanctuaries. This trend reached its apogee during the Roman imperial period, from which derives the bulk of the Getty Museum’s collection, published here for the first time.

Oil lamps reveal more about life in antiquity than their practical function as illumination devices may suggest. Like pottery and coins, their typological development has been documented to the degree that excavated finds give archaeologists a reliable tool for dating. Manufacturers frequently marked their products with signatures and stamps, allowing the trade from factory to customer to be mapped over considerable distances. Although usually classed as a mundane instrumentum domesticum, portable sources of light were essential fixtures in commercial districts and architectural interiors. When suspended from brackets and candelabra, a lamp’s flame produced an animated chiaroscuro effect on sculptures, wall paintings, textiles, and furnishings. Such intimate ambiances led some ancient authors to personify lamps as confidants of their owners’ private moments. Their placement in sanctuaries and graves emphasizes the role of divine radiance in ceremonies involving fire and light.

Most of the Getty’s lamps were acquired from Hans-Klaus Schüller, a connoisseur with a sharp eye for regional variants and unusual imagery. Heading the series, which ranges from around 800 B.C. to A.D. 800, is a bronze lamp common in Nuragic sites in Sardinia. Taking the form of a boat, it is emblematic of the seaborne metal trade that connected eastern and western Mediterranean cultures. Greek wheel-made types with an open oil reservoir were eventually eclipsed by molded lamps with relief designs on the now-covered basin. A majority of our lamps have a decorated discus and come from prolific Roman imperial workshops, which met the ubiquitous demand for lighting. In the late Roman and Byzantine eras, Judeo-Christian symbols and inscriptions give tangible signs of the spread of new religious beliefs. Several early Islamic examples witness the longevity of a traditional form, which continued to be made in Syria, Palestine, and Egypt between the seventh and eleventh centuries.

Notable for their great diversity, the lamps catalogued here depict nearly three hundred distinct iconographic motifs, reflecting changing fashions and a rich repertoire of images drawn from mythology and religion, the occupations and entertainments of daily life, and the natural world. Some 250 vessels represent a form or a decor that is either unparalleled or only approximated by other known types. Among them, a unique lamp decorated with a male head in gold foil and azure glass recalls the golden votive lamps mentioned in classical literature. An altar-shaped lantern decorated with reliefs of Olympian gods was a dual-purpose thymiaterion, whose flames diffused both light and the fragrance of the burning incense.

We are deeply indebted to the authors, who each brought their profound knowledge and commitment to this project. It is a source of great sadness that Jean Bussière, whose extensive experience was critical to the identification of our lamps from North Africa, Asia Minor, and other production centers, did not live to see his contribution published. We are therefore all the more grateful to Birgitta Lindros Wohl, a longtime friend of the Getty Villa, who undertook the task of researching the Greek and metal lamps, and of overseeing the final editorial stages. Our thanks are due also to the Getty Museum’s curators of Antiquities, notably Claire Lyons, as well as the departments of Antiquities Conservation and Imaging Services, and to Getty Publications for realizing the authors’ comprehensive typological study so successfully as an online resource. Available in digital and print formats, Ancient Lamps in the J. Paul Getty Museum promises to be a valuable sourcebook for students and specialists in lychnology, archaeology, and social life in classical antiquity.

Timothy Potts
Director
The J. Paul Getty Museum

Acknowledgments

A project of the scope of the present work necessarily accumulates many debts of gratitude. It is a pleasure to record these debts at this final point.

First, we were fortunate to be able to study the material in the inspiring environment of the Getty Villa in Malibu and to be guided through the commendably organized and recorded collection by a friendly and helpful staff. Our thanks go first to Kenneth Lapatin, Curator of Antiquities, for his support of the project; he was always ready to accommodate us in the midst of many other museum duties. Former Senior Curator Karol Wight enthusiastically furthered the project at every turn during her time as head of the Antiquities Department. Their colleagues, especially David Saunders, Jens Daehner, Nicole Budrovich, and Mary Louise Hart, responded with efficiency and patience to our need for revisiting both items and issues. We are especially grateful to Claire Lyons, Curator of Antiquities, who shepherded our manuscript through the process of publishing it as an online catalogue.

Special thanks go to the Museum’s departments of Antiquities Conservation and Imaging Services, both further acknowledged in the context of the Introduction below. The contributions and expertise of their staffs have greatly enhanced this catalogue. Marina Belozerskaya, formerly of Getty Publications, helpfully responded to many questions at an early point. The greatest debt of gratitude we owe, however, to our editor and friend, Benedicte Gilman. We regard ourselves very fortunate to have had access to her unequaled professional competence and standards, as well as her amazingly sharp eye for every detail. She guided us firmly and kindly through the intricacies of the process to a much improved end product and managed with diplomacy to make the years-long process in the end a pleasure of enlightenment.

We are also grateful to the staff of Getty Publications who helped to make this catalogue a reality, most particularly Greg Albers and Eric Gardner, who oversaw the making of the digital publication with a strong assist from interns Gail Acosta and Nick Geller; Karen Levine, Rachel Barth, and Kim Wilkinson for their editorial and logistical expertise; and Elizabeth Chapin Kahn for production supervision.

The Getty Research Institute has provided a haven for scholarly work. We are most grateful to its staff, which was always ready to provide service with material desired, as well as to answer a variety of questions in response to our needs.

Several institutions outside the United States also deserve our gratitude for assistance and welcoming cooperation. Some were visited by Jean Bussière alone, others by both authors. At the Römisch-Germanische Kommission, Frankfurt, our special thanks go to its director, Dr. Susanne Sievers, and to its chief librarian, Dr. Gabriele Rasbach; at the Römisch-Germanisches Museum, Cologne, we thank Professor Hansgerd Hellenkemper, now retired, and Dr. Eva Maria Cahn-Klaiber, whose assistance and information concerning the rich lamp collection of that museum were most helpful. At Bochum University Museum, its head curator, Dr. Cornelia Weber-Lehmann, amiably facilitated access to the Schüller collection there and provided valuable information, while Karin Goethert allowed us to reproduce some figures from her catalogue; our further thanks go to the Maison Mediterranéenne des Sciences Humaines, Aix-en-Provence; the Maison de l’Orient, Lyon; and the Centre Archéologique de Lattes (UMR 5140, CNRS). Our special thanks to librarians Marie-Paule Seure and Blandine Nouvel (Aix), and Véronique Humbert and Christine Lam (Lattes).

Our project further profited from the interest and generosity of many individuals. Birgitta Lindros Wohl is grateful to—among others—Daniela Summa (Berlin) and John Traill (Toronto) for expert assistance with some Greek inscriptions. Jean Bussière is especially indebted to Donald M. Bailey and Carlo Pavolini for always answering his various questions and providing encouragement; to Laurent Chrzanovski for free access to his rich lychnological documents at the Institut Multimédia Roumain-Suisse directed by his wife; and to Michel Feugère (CNRS UMR 5138 MOM LYON) for his constant availability and willingness to tackle our electronic problems.

Many others in the scholarly community on two continents gave of their time and expertise in small and large questions, discussions, and suggestions—especially during the various congresses of the International Lychnological Association (ILA). We cannot mention them all, but we wish to express our thanks particularly to the following: Nina Berson (Los Angeles), Anastasia Dinsmoor (Washington, D.C.), Marc André Haldiman (Geneva), Marcus Heinrich Hermanns (Cologne), John Lund (Copenhagen), Maria Marani (Rome), Jean-Louis Podvin (Lille), John Pollini (Los Angeles), Laurent Wilmet (Namur), and Denis Zuravlev (Moscow). We thank Jean-Claude Rivel (Villemoustaussou) for his excellent drawings and his generosity in sharing his own lamp collection.

Finally, we wish to express our warm thanks to Marion True, former Curator of Antiquities at the J. Paul Getty Museum. She initiated the catalogue project and supported it by giving us the opportunity to work from an excellent set of black-and-white photographs, making it possible to start the study at a time when the lamps themselves were crated up and inaccessible. Without the additional help of Kelly Ramage (Los Angeles) the work would have been much further delayed. He rapidly and ably created the multiple color work photos necessary for the next stage. His constant readiness and generosity in sharing his considerable expertise, also in electronic communications, was a welcome support, which we greatly appreciate.

Jean Bussière
Birgitta Lindros Wohl

Jean Bussière died on 24 October 2016, before Ancient Lamps in the J. Paul Getty Museum was published. He was thus deprived of the pleasure of seeing the release of this groundbreaking work. However, he had finished all his work on it, except for correcting the proofs, so this catalogue is indeed a testimony to his wide knowledge of ancient lamps. His dedication to this topic spanned his entire professional career, as his extensive publications show. The loss of his expertise will be mourned among lychnologists. This publication is dedicated to his memory and work.

B.L.W.

Abbreviations and Notes to Readers

References to “cat./cats.” are cross-references to entries in the present catalogue. References to “cat. no./nos.” refer to other catalogues.

An “ovo pattern” is a motif often found on the base of African second-century A.D. lamps. It consists of two small circles linked by a V-shaped design. None of these parts is a letter. This motif is repeated three times evenly displayed between two circular lines. For slight variations, see Bussière 2000 (p. 235, nos. 76–78). The pattern may be specific to some workshops.

Throughout the catalogue, the stamps are reproduced at or near actual size.

Place of Manufacture or Origin

None of the lamps in this catalogue comes from a precisely documented archaeological excavation. Information on the place of manufacture or origin derives from the collectors from whom the Museum acquired the lamps and likely represents an attribution made by their art market sources. In the case of lamps formerly in the collection of Hans-Klaus Schüller, a noted specialist in the field, the locations cited often refer to a presumed production center or region, but they may also indicate the place where he obtained the lamp or believed it was found. Although his information is unverified, it has been retained in this catalogue. Where there is ambiguity or disagreement, we evaluate the attributed place of manufacture in the object entry and propose corrections based on form, fabric, signatures, workshop marks, or other pertinent evidence. For further discussion and an index of the given places of manufacture or origins, see the Introduction and the Index of Donors and Vendors.

acc. no.

accession number

BM

The British Museum

Bus.

Bussière, with reference to nozzle forms (e.g., Bus. 2a)

ca.

circa

cat.

catalogue number, Getty collection

cat. no.

catalogue number, other collections

col./cols.

column/-s

D

depth

Diam

diameter

dim.

dimension

east.

eastern

ed.

editor/edited by

edn.

edition

esp.

especially

ex.

example/-s

fasc.

fascicule/-s

fig./figs.

figure/-s

fr./frr.

fragment/-s

H

height

ILA

International Lychnological Association

inv. no.

inventory number

L

length

MAN

Musée d’Archéologie Nationale de Saint-Germain-en-Laye

max.

maximum

MNR

Museo Nazionale Romano/ Barbera and Petriaggi 1993

n./nn.

note/-s

no./nos.

number/-s

p./pp.

page/-s

pl./pls.

plate/-s

pres.

preserved

ref./refs.

reference/-s

suppl.

supplement

TSA

Terra Sigillata Africana

var./vars.

variant/-s

vol./vols.

volume/-s

W

width

Introduction

The Getty collection of well over six hundred ancient lamps began late in the history of the comparatively young museum. The lamps did not form part of Mr. Getty’s personal interests, which focused mainly on paintings and sculpture, but belong (with one exception) rather to the policy of systematic broadening of the holdings after Mr. Getty’s death in 1976. The earliest acquisitions of lamps in the form of gifts were in fact from that year, soon joined by others. Most gifts predate the purchased acquisitions, except for the Fleischman group of 1996. (See the Index of Donors and Vendors.) Apart from two single purchases (in 1973 and 2003), the majority of the Getty lamps came to the Museum in 1983, through the Galerie Günter Puhze in Freiburg, which facilitated the sale of a German private collection owned by Hans-Klaus Schüller. After some exchange of limited items, the final collection acquired contained 557 lamps of clay, bronze, and lead and one mold (cat. 458). Of these, twenty-six were registered as fakes; however, after careful examination, all but one, cat. 492, have been judged by the authors of the present catalogue to be genuine, and they have been included here with clear indications of their changed status (and possible remaining doubts).

Hans-Klaus Schüller maintained a long-standing interest in lamps and must be regarded as a fine connoisseur. In the 1970s he sold 410 lamps to Bochum University; those lamps are on permanent display in the Bochum Museum, awaiting publication by Dr. Heinrich Hermanns of Cologne University. In 1983 Mr. Schüller sold a second collection to the Getty Museum. The Bochum and the Getty collections exhibit striking similarities and homogeneity, even to the point of having fifty-one identical items. This is not surprising, for it is known that Mr. Schüller traveled and prospected in the same areas over long periods: principally Asia Minor, further in Tunisia, and less extensively in Egypt, Italy, and Greece. At the very beginning of his interest in lamps, he acquired some in Germany, where it is assumed they were excavated, possibly shortly after World War I.

Four vessels, which came to the Getty with the Erwin Oppenländer glass collection, were originally catalogued by the Museum as oil lamps. Recent research sheds doubt on that identification, and thus they are not included here. A pair of deep cups with flattened bases, made of translucent white glass with cobalt blue blobs, may be either beakers or lamps (inv. 2003.454 and 2003.455). Introduced in the late Roman period, hanging bowls and ovoid containers held in a polycandelon, or chandelier, served as lighting fixtures. Nearly rimless and with no trace of attachments for suspension, the function of the Getty vessels remains ambiguous. Two cylindrical containers (inv. 2003.378 and 2003.453 feature a small circular opening in a domed top and a strap handle. The absence of a nozzle or second opening for a wick argues against their function as lamps. Instead they are more probably atramentaria—inkwells, examples of which are found in ceramic, bronze, and glass.[1]

The first objective of the present work is to provide a typological classification of the lamps, as far as possible presented in chronological order. The typological variety of the Getty Museum lamps is considerable, derived as they are from very diverse regions of the Mediterranean basin: twenty-four forms are without parallel in the wide literature consulted, and fifty-six forms have only an approximate closeness to known types. No existing typological classification alone can account for this diversity. Thus we have taken recourse in several typologies, widely accepted by lychnologists, such as those of Dressel, Loeschcke, Broneer, Howland, Deneauve, Ennabli, Bailey, Bussière, and the fundamental Italian Atlante delle forme ceramiche.

Each lamp type in this catalogue is presented by an introduction summarizing its characteristics, listing its workshop signatures, proposing its chronology, and debating potential problems. Thanks to parallels found in the now-abundant specialized literature and to a variety of criteria, the Getty lamps have been divided into three major sections:

I. Phoenico-Punic lamps

II. Greek and Hellenistic lamps

III. Roman-period lamps

Because of our recurrent ignorance of the exact place of manufacture or origin of the lamps—the place where they have been excavated and not just purchased—it has proved useful to subdivide section III, by far the largest one, into three further categories:

A. Lamps from both the western and eastern provinces of the Roman Empire

B. Lamps from North African provinces only

C. Lamps from eastern provinces only

Categories B and C then concern lamps produced exclusively in one of the two geographical areas distinguished. They exhibit particular forms and decors, recognizable looks and clay color, and mostly signatures and workshop marks specific to those areas. In category A, on the other hand, it is not always easy to confirm whether a lamp—whose findspot is not known with certainty—derives from the western or the eastern part of the Mediterranean. Take, for instance, a given Getty lamp of type Loeschcke I or IV: was it fabricated in Italy and exported to Asia Minor, or was it made in Asia Minor from Italic models? Italic-type lamps from the end of the Roman Republic and the first century of the empire certainly were exported to the provinces. But the provincial regions rapidly produced lighting devices that imitated the Italic models, adding their own characteristics, when not emerging as downright original creations.

A series of minute observations have allowed us to distinguish, among the numerous lamps of Loeschcke type VIII, those items that were clearly produced in the east (group C) and cannot be considered Italic or African (group A). The following criteria apply to group C:

1. Globules on the shoulder, on each side of the handle or nozzle, either in relief or half sunken within a small circle

2. Small incised circles at the foot of the handle, at mid-shoulder, or on top of the nozzle

3. Pronounced depth of the basin

4. Bases of second- to sixth-century lamps have a plain planta pedis, often large and deeply impressed

5. Clay, glaze, or slip is often a vivid red orange or dark brown. Frequent presence of gold or silver mica particles in the clay

Most of the time information about place of manufacture or origin given by donors and vendors is vague, indicating the region or country where lamps have been purchased, for instance, Italy, Tunisia, or Anatolia. Only in a few cases is the place of manufacture or origin more precise by including a site, for instance, Paestum, Carthage, or El Djem. Readers should therefore always remember that such places of manufacture or origin have little scientific validity. We record them exactly as they have been given by collectors and as they are listed in the Getty’s online collection catalogue.

The second objective of this work is to describe each object, as faithfully as possible, according to a preestablished and consistent order: measurements, state of preservation, clay and surface treatment, handle, shape of basin, shoulder, details of nozzle and base, discus iconography, and the possible presence of a signature or a workshop mark.

Our description of the state of preservation has greatly benefited from helpful discussions and the professional expertise of members of the Getty Museum’s Antiquities Conservation Department: Eduardo Sánchez and Susan Lansing Maish for the terracotta items, and Jeffrey Maish for the bronze lamps. In several cases, clever and frequent restorations, disguised with overpaint, can be assumed to derive from the collector. Some are obvious, others nearly invisible to the naked eye; the latter have been revealed by X-ray or ultraviolet techniques, and in some cases by simpler laboratory testing, for which we are very grateful. Twenty-six lamps had been registered as fakes, as mentioned above; all but one, however, we consider to be authentic. Analyses by the conservators confirmed our opinion in the majority of cases. We still have doubt about cat. 56; further technical analysis should be done for its authentication.

Munsell Color Charts have been used to describe the colors of the clay and glaze or slip, with some reservations. In spite of the limitations of a preset scheme—felt especially in the vitreous shades of green in the newer edition of Munsell—the charts afford a measure of objectivity if used under meticulously consistent lighting conditions. The distinct advantage of the Munsell charts over subjective verbal descriptions is obvious and has been remarked on in the literature. Nevertheless, complete precision will always remain elusive: thus, while the numeric chart variations cover most bases, the verbal descriptions in the charts often give limited options (which is why it is often necessary to have the Munsell book in hand). Furthermore, depending on position and exposure to different oven temperatures during firing, a lamp may take on different shades in different areas. In addition, as described above, a modern layer of paint camouflages numerous restorations to the Getty lamps. The only way to reach the clay layer for observation would be to strip the surface—not usually a procedure acceptable to museums. If we have not been able to observe the clay, it is so stated. Even without modern interference, many lamps exhibit a variety of shades of glaze or slip, which is so reported; this includes zones darkened either in the original firing or through later accidents.

Drawings of the discus decors have been considered unnecessary here, due to the excellent quality of the photographs, which in the online edition of this volume (http://www.getty.edu/publications/ancientlamps) can be enlarged at will. Following the examples of Bailey’s BM II and Bussière’s 2000 catalogues, we have limited ourselves to providing an alphanumeric repertory of the discus decors. The Getty Museum lamps present a particularly rich store of discus decors: forty-nine are totally new, while 105 are near variants on known themes, but without exact parallels. These conclusions are based on detailed research in nearly two thousand lamp publications. Parallels found for a specific decor are given in the catalogue entries. The bibliography lists about five hundred publications yielding comparanda.

The Index of Signatures and Inscriptions gives an alphabetical list of the texts and workshop signatures or marks. For closer study of the presumed geographic locations of the workshops and their activity periods, we refer readers to Bailey BM II (chapter 3, pp. 89–121) and to Bailey BM III (chapter 3, pp. 95–147); for the repertory of North African workshop marks, readers should consult Bussière 2000 (pp. 215–37).

The illustrations for this work are exceptionally abundant in the online edition. Each lamp is shown in at least three color images—top, bottom, and profile—created by the remarkable professional competence of former Getty Museum photographer Ellen Rosenbery and current photographers Tahnee Cracchiola and Rebecca Truszkowski. Inscriptions and workshop marks are also reproduced, all in all creating a unique visual catalogue, which should make for easy and unusually rich access to the Getty Museum’s collection of ancient lamps.

This work is the fruit of four years of collaboration by two scholars, both lychnologists, who bring together separate backgrounds and working experiences from different parts of the Mediterranean: North Africa and the Greek East.

Jean Bussière, based in Montpellier, France, has undertaken the typological classification, the catalogue entries, and the research of parallels; with the exceptions of the sections mentioned below by Birgitta Wohl, he is responsible for the chronologies, the introductions to the types, the decorative repertory, and the index of Roman inscriptions.

Birgitta Lindros Wohl, who lives in Los Angeles, has been the liaison with the Museum. She organized and supervised the preliminary photos taken by Kelly Ramage, without which this transatlantic enterprise would not have been possible. She is responsible for the measurements of all the lamps as well as their color identifications with the Munsell Color Charts; the introductions, entries, and comparanda to the lamps of Broneer type XXVII and XXVIII; the Late Palestinian circular lamps, section 47; the metal lamps, section IV, with their bibliography; and the index of Greek inscriptions. She has also undertaken the definitive fashioning of the text in English.

Apart from these divisions, a number of issues of organization, presentation, and interpretation were solved by common discussions over a period of time. We hope the result offers the practical and useful tool we envisioned.

The authors completed their work on this catalogue in November 2012. However, because of the lengthy photography campaign needed for the many lamps, the publication of the catalogue had to be postponed for several years. Due to other commitments each author had, it has not been possible to update the general bibliographic references beyond 2012; the bibliography for individual lamps has been updated through 2016.

1. Some Byzantine clay lamps, which due to their shape are often called “ink pot lamps,” are featured in, e.g., Broneer 1930, although he does not use that name. While similar to inkwells (atramentaria), these lamps all have air holes and at times a spout at the edge for the wick—items lacking on the Getty objects. See, e.g., Broneer 1930, p. 292, no. 1522, fig. 207, or p. 292, no. 1543, pl. XXIV. See also Motsianos et al. 2011, p. 155, no. 32; Wight 2011, pp. 122–23, figs. 92–93.

For further discussion, see Whitehouse 1988 and Lightfoot 2013; we are grateful to Claire Lyons for sharing this information.↩

Catalogue

Typological Classification

I. Phoenico-Punic Clay Saucer Lamps

1. Vessberg type 1 cats. 1–2

2. Deneauve type X cats. 3–4

II. Greek and Hellenistic Clay Lamps

A. Wheelmade Lamps

1. Howland type 22 B cat. 5

2. Broneer type I cat. 6

3. Broneer type IV cats. 7–8

4. Goldman group VIII cat. 9

5. Howland type 25 A Prime cats. 10–12

6. Howland type 32 cats. 13–15

7. Howland type 33 A cat. 16

8. Howland type 40 A, also called “Cnidian” type cat. 17

9. Bruneau’s Lampes dites Cnidiennes à entonnoir central group III cat. 18

10. Pavolini’s biconical Esquiline type cat. 19

11. Ricci type D cat. 20

12. Undetermined Hellenistic types cats. 21–27

B. Moldmade Lamps

1. “Ephesus lamps” introduction

a. “Ephesus lamps” with triangular beveled nozzle cats. 28–37

b. “Ephesus lamps” with round nozzle and flat plate surrounding wick-hole cats. 38–43

2. Asia Minor Hellenistic lamps with two side-lugs cats. 44–51

3. Miscellaneous types of Hellenistic lamps cats. 52–69

III. Roman-Period Clay Lamps

A. Types from both Western and Eastern Provinces of the Roman Empire

a. Late Republican Lamps

1. Dressel type 2 (Warzenlampen) cats. 70–71

2. Dressel type 3 cats. 72–73

3. Dressel type 4 (Vogelkopflampe) cat. 74

4. Bailey type M (i) (late Vogelkopflampe) cat. 75

b. Augustan and Imperial Lamps introduction

1. Loeschcke type I

1. 1.1. Loeschcke type I A = Bailey type A group i cats. 76–84

2. 1.2. Loeschcke type I B = Bailey type A groups ii, iii, iv introduction

a. Bailey type A group ii cats. 85–86

b. Bailey type A group iii cats. 87–117

c. Bailey type A group iv cat. 118

3. 1.3. Loeschcke type I B/C cats. 119–29

4. 1.4. Loeschcke type I C cats. 130–42

2. Loeschcke type I vars. cats. 143–46 bis

3. Loeschcke type III cats. 147–60

4. Loeschcke type IV introduction

a. Bailey type B group i, early vars. cats. 161–65

b. Bailey type B group ii cats. 166–207

c. Bailey type B group iii cats. 208–23

d. Bailey type B group iv cats. 224–38

e. Bailey type B group v, with handles cats. 239–42

5. Loeschcke type V introduction

a. Lamps without handle cats. 243–47

b. Lamps with handle cats. 248–65

6. Deneauve type IV E cat. 266

7. Deneauve type V E cat. 267

8. Deneauve type V F var. cat. 268

9. Deneauve type V G cats. 269–71

10. Deneauve type VI A cat. 272

11. Deneauve type VI B cats. 273–74

12. Bailey type F cat. 275

13. Loeschcke type VII var. and VI/VII var. cats. 276–77

14. Loeschcke type VIII introduction

I. Lamps with round-tipped nozzle

1. Italic and African lamps

a. Bussière form D I 3 cats. 278–82

b. Bussière form D II 1 cats. 283–302

c. Bussière form D II 2 cats. 303–4

d. Bussière form D III 1 cats. 305–6

e. Bussière form D III 2 cats. 307–11

f. Bussière form D VII cats. 312–14

g. Bussière form D X 1 cats. 315–16

h. Bussière form D X 2 cats. 317–22

2. Eastern lamps

a. Bussière form D I 1 cat. 323

b. Bussière form D I 2 cats. 324–25

c. Bussière form C II/D I 3 cat. 326

d. Bussière form D I 3 cats. 327–37

e. Bailey type O group vi cat. 338

f. Bussière form D II 1 cats. 339–43

g. Bussière form D III 1 cats. 344–45

h. Bussière form D III 2 cat. 346

i. Bussière form D IV cat. 347

j. Bussière form D X 1 cat. 348

k. Broneer type XXVII C and D cats. 349–54

l. Broneer type XXVIII cats. 355–56

II. Lamps with heart-shaped nozzle

1. Italic and African lamps

a. Bussière form D IX cats. 357–59

b. Bussière form D X 1, vars. a and c cats. 360–74

c. Bussière form D X 2, var. b cat. 375

d. Bussière form D X 4, vars. a and b cats. 376–88

e. Bussière form D X 5 cats. 389–93

f. Bussière form D X 6 cats. 394–95

g. Bussière form D X 10 cats. 396–401

2. Eastern lamps

a. Bussière form D IX cats. 402–17

b. Bussière form D X 1 cats. 418–27

c. Bussière form D X 4, var. a cat. 428

d. Bussière form D X 5 cat. 429

e. Bussière form D X 6 cats. 430–32

f. Bussière form D X 10 cats. 433–34

3. Single lamps, var. of Loeschcke type VIII cats. 435–40

15. Loeschcke types IX and X (Firmalampen) introduction

a. Buchi type IX-a = Loeschcke type IX a cat. 441

b. Buchi type IX-b = Loeschcke type IX b cats. 442–48

c. Buchi type X-a = Loeschcke type X cats. 449–50

d. Buchi type X-b/c = Loeschcke type X cats. 451–54

e. Buchi tipo X forma corta = Loeschcke type X-Kurzform[1] cats. 455–58

16. Loeschcke type XI (achtförmige Lampen) cats. 459–60

17. Loeschcke type XIII (Tiegellampe) cat. 461

18. Loeschcke type XIV (Tüllenlampe) cat. 462

B. Types from North African Provinces only

19. Deneauve type X A cats. 463–71

20. Near Deneauve type X B cats. 472–473

21. Bussière type E I 4 cats. 474–76

22. Ennabli (Raqqada) type 14 cats. 477–81

23. Ennabli (Raqqada) type 15 cats. 482–84

24. Ennabli (Raqqada) type 16 cats. 485–86

25. Atlante type VI (near) cats. 487–89

26. Atlante type VIII B cats. 490–91

27. Atlante type X; Hayes type II cats. 492–500

28. Atlante type X, vars. with funnel handle and one or two nozzles cats. 501–2

29. Atlante type XI cats. 503–4

30. Atlante type XIII cat. 505

31. Atlante type XVI cats. 506–7

C. Types from Eastern Provinces only

32. Frog lamps cats. 508–9

33. Jug lamp cat. 510

34. “Daroma,” or southern Judean, lamp cat. 511

35. Syro-Palestinian lamp related to Loeschcke type II cat. 512

36. Lamp with horseshoe discus and angular nozzle cat. 513

37. Lamp with heart-shaped discus and angular nozzle cat. 514

38. Loeschcke type V, or Deneauve type V F, eastern elongated var. cats. 515–17

39. Lamp with delta-shaped body cat. 518

40. Lamp with square body, Bailey type I cat. 519

41. Lamp with hexagonal body cat. 520

42. Lamp with hexagonal discus and ribbed body cat. 521

43. Loeschcke type VIII, eastern variants cats. 522–23

44. Late lamps of Asia Minor types cats. 524–41

45. Lamp of “Amorium” type cat. 542

46. Late Syrian lamps cats. 543–47

47. Late Palestinian circular lamps cats. 548–49

48. Early Islamic lamps[2] cats. 550–51

D. Miscellaneous Lamps from Asia Minor cats. 552–57

E. Multinozzled Lamps cats. 558–68

F. One-ring Suspension Lamps cats. 569–72

G. Ring-shaped, or Corona, Lamps cats. 573–76

H. Fragments of Clay Lamps

I. Hellenistic fragments of “Ephesus” type lamps cats. 577–78

II. Roman Republican fragments (Dressel type 2) cat. 579

III. Roman Imperial fragments of various types cats. 580–81

I. Terracotta Figurine Lamps

a. Lampstands/incense-burners cats. 582–85

b. Plastic lamps cats. 586–609

J. Terracotta Lanterns cats. 610–11

IV. Metal Lamps introduction

A. Gold Lamp cat. 612

B. Silver Lamp cat. 613

C. Bronze Lamps cats. 614–30

D. Lead Lamp cat. 631

1. Cat. 458 is a mold for the upper part of a Firmalampe. ↩

2. This type, represented in the Getty collection by two examples only, begins in the Byzantine period and extends beyond it. It has nevertheless been kept within section III, Roman-Period Clay Lamps. ↩

I.1 Vessberg type 1, Deneauve type X

The first clay lamps ever devised and produced in numbers appeared in the Near East in the late third millennium (Amiran 1969, pp. 189–90, pl. 59, pp. 291–93, pl. 100). They were handmade and had the shape of a square shallow bowl with four pinched corners, making four wick-rests (Rosenthal and Sivan 1978, p. 76, no. 311). A second form, now wheelmade and soon prevailing, took the shape of a saucer with one pinched corner forming a single wick-rest or spout (Rosenthal and Sivan 1978, p. 76, nos. 312–21). This shape—see cats. 1 and 2—lasted for about two thousand years with little change. Then a second pinched spout (sometimes more) was added (Oziol 1977, nos. 33–37, pl. 3). In a later stage of evolution the lamp changed from a saucer to more of a plain bowl with a flat and slightly raised base and two sides folded together, meeting on top to form a single wick-hole (Rosenthal and Sivan 1978, p. 79, nos. 329–30).

In the Punic area, not long before the fall of Carthage (146 B.C.), this last shape was further modified: Three sides of the bowl were pinched together to form two tubular nozzles, or wick-holes, at the front and a broad opening at the rear (Rosenthal and Sivan 1978, p. 67, nos. 274–75). Finally, the lamp was equipped with a raised circular base, making a small foot, and it became a closed vessel with three evenly spaced equal-sized openings for the wick-holes; for this shape, see cats. 3 and 4, which are similar to Rosenthal and Sivan 1978, p. 67, nos. 276–77. By the end of the second century B.C. the long life of the saucer type came to an end.

For more readings, see Amiran 1969; Bailey BM I, pp. 205–10; Oziol 1977, pp. 17–19; Rosenthal and Sivan 1978, pp. 75–79; Hayes 1980, p. 4, pls. 1, 3; Kassab Tezgör and Sezer 1995; and Sussman 2007. For Punic types specifically, see Cintas 1950; Deneauve 1969, pp. 23–39; and Bussière 1989.

1

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.542

Dimensions: L: 11.4 cm; W: 12.1 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR7/2 pinkish gray, thick slip 10YR7/3 very pale brown.

Description: Broad slightly concave basin; flat rim, folded upward and pinched at front to form a narrow open spout. Broad slightly convex base.

Type: Vessberg 1

Date: Seventh century B.C. to Hellenistic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: Vessberg 1953, nos. 115, 117, pl. I.1; Deneauve 1969, p. 23, no. 1, pl. 17; Bailey BM I, Q 489, pl. 96; Oziol 1977, nos. 7–10, pl. 1; Kassab Tezgör and Sezer 1995, no. 14; Bussière 2000, p. 239, no. P 1, pl. 1; Sussman 2007, nos. 1240, 1462.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

2

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.451

Dimensions: L: 15.8 cm; W: 14.0 cm; H: 5.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Wheelmade. Right side of spout partly broken. Clay 2.5YR6/6 light red, slip 7.5YR7/4 pink.

Description: Broad flat interior bottom surrounded by flat offset rim. Rim folded upward and pinched at front to form a very narrow open spout. This type of spout, not found in Tunisia, is common in Cyprus and the eastern Mediterranean. Broad flat base.

Type: Vessberg 1

Date: Seventh century B.C. to Hellenistic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Vessberg 1953, no. 3, pl. 1; Oziol 1977, nos. 22, 25, pl. 2; Kassab Tezgör and Sezer 1995, no. 60; Sussman 2007, nos. 1479, 1481.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

3

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.379

Dimensions: W: 3.9 cm; H: 3.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: Wheelmade. Intact. Clay 5YR6/6 reddish yellow, flaked slip near 7.5YR5/2 brown.

Description: Miniature lamp; round deep bowl with tubular base. Three sides of rim folded and pinched together, forming three wick-holes, arranged in a triangle, one slightly tubular.

Type: Deneauve X; Bussière A I 3b

Date: Second century B.C.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Deneauve 1969, no. 104, pl. 23; Bussière 2000, p. 240, nos. P 61, P 67, pl. 2; Bussière and Rivel 2012, no. 15.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

4

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.385

Dimensions: Max. W: 4.9 cm; H: 4.0 cm

Condition and Fabric: Wheelmade. Intact. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, slip 5YR5/1 gray.

Description: Bowl with a highly raised flat circular base. Three sides of rim folded to form three equal and evenly spaced wick-holes arranged in a triangle.

Type: Deneauve X; Bussière A I 4c

Date: Second century B.C.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Deneauve 1969, no. 108, pl. 24; Rosenthal and Sivan 1978, p. 67, nos. 276–77; Bussière 2000, p. 240, no. P 78, pl. 2; Bussière and Rivel 2012, no. 16.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

II.A.1 Howland type 22 B

Cat. 5 has a curved and decorated rim as in Howland type 22 A, from which it differs only by having a raised base instead of a concave bottom. Howland types 22 A and 22 B have a central tube and may have two opposite nozzles. The nozzle of cat. 5 is comparatively longer than usual in the type, and its wick-hole is proportionately smaller. According to Howland, these features are characteristic of late specimens of the type. The clay is Attic. Black glaze appears on the interior and exterior, except for the base and a neatly reserved circle around the rim. Type 22 B was popular during the Periclean period.

5

Inventory Number: 96.AQ.230

Dimensions: W: 7.1 cm; H: 1.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Wheelmade. Intact. Clay 10R4/8 red, glaze 2.5YR2.5/0 black, shiny.

Description: Black glaze applied to interior and exterior sides, with base and top of inverted shoulder reserved in contrasting red clay. Unglazed shoulder delimited from basin by thin glazed circle. Biconvex shallow basin. Raised open socket through bottom (for possible use of central tube, see Howland 1958, pp. 52–53). Medium-sized protruding nozzle with big wick-hole. Base slightly raised, flat with central cavity corresponding to socket.

Type: Howland 22 B = Broneer IV

Date: Second quarter of fifth century to ca. 410 B.C.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Athens

Parallels: Howland 1958, no. 198, pl. 35.

Provenance: – 1988, Dr. Dietrich von Bothmer (New York, New York), by gift to Barbara and Lawrence Fleischman, 1988; 1988–1996, Barbara Fleischman and Lawrence Fleischman, American, 1925–1997 (New York, New York), donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1996.

Bibliography: Passion for Antiquities, p. 353, no. 203.

II.A.2 Broneer type I

Cat. 6 belongs to an unglazed variety of Broneer type I with a horizontal handle, which is the common feature on lamps of the fifth and fourth centuries B.C. Shallow bowl with a flat bottom, rounded sides whose upper edge is inverted, nozzle tangent to the edge of the rim but not encroaching upon it.

6

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.448

Dimensions: W: 10.0 cm; H: 2.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Wheelmade. Intact. Clay 2.5YR5/6 red, thick slip 10YR7/3 very pale brown.

Description: Horizontal loop handle. Circular shallow body, widely open, with curved wall and outward-sloping shoulder. Tapering rounded short nozzle, tangent to lower part of basin. Undefined flat base.

Type: Broneer I

Date: First half of sixth century B.C. (Broneer)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: South Italy

Parallels: (Close) Broneer 1930, no. 35, pl. 1.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

II.A.3 Broneer type IV

Cats. 7 and 8 have a circular, deep, flat-bottomed bowl with nearly vertical sides and a flat rim corresponding to the profile of lamp no. 12 in Gualandi Genito 1977, pl. 10. The outside of cat. 7 is glazed, but cat. 8 is self-slipped. Rather long nozzle with large wick-hole. Because the wick-holes of the two Getty lamps are not tangential to the rim as on Broneer’s earlier specimens, Gualandi Genito’s dating will be preferred: end of the fifth century B.C. and not earlier.

7

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.373

Dimensions: L: 8.6 cm; W: 6.0 cm; H: 2.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: Wheelmade. Intact. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, slip 7.5YR4/2 dark brown.

Description: Cylindrical body with flat shoulder. Widely open basin. Tapering rounded nozzle with large wick-hole, not tangential to shoulder. Large flat circular base marked off by an outer groove.

Type: Broneer IV

Date: Late fifth century B.C. (Gualandi Genito)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: South Italy

Parallels: Gualandi Genito 1977, no. 12, pl. 10; Portulano 1996, no. 9, fig. 6 (Sardinia[?]).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

8

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.383

Dimensions: L: 4.8 cm; W: 3.4 cm; H: 1.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Wheelmade. Some chips on the rim. Clay 2.5YR6/6 light red, selfslip.

Description: Miniature lamp. Cylindrical body with narrow inward-sloping rim. Widely open basin. Tapering, rounded nozzle, whose wick-hole is far from being tangential to the rim. Circular flat base with central concavity.

Type: Broneer IV

Date: Second third of fifth century B.C. (Kassab Tezgör and Sezer)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: Kassab Tezgör and Sezer 1995, no. 141 (Lindos).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

II.A.4 Goldman group VIII

A lamp in the British Museum is almost identical to cat. 9: same inward-sloping side profile, humped nozzle top, and raised base. Bailey dates this unglazed lamp, which seems to be a local production in Halicarnassus, from about 350 to about 330 B.C. (Bailey BM I, p. 116, Q 208, pl. 40, from Halicarnassus). Another interesting parallel from Tarsus is given by Goldman with a later dating: second to early first century B.C. (Goldman et al. 1950, group VIII, nos. 101–16, Tarsus).

9

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.447

Dimensions: L: 10.5 cm; W: 8.5 cm; H: 3.2 cm

Condition and Fabric: Wheelmade. Intact. Clay not well rinsed, many white and brown bits, near 7.5YR7/4 pink, slip 10YR7/3 very pale brown. Mica particles.

Description: Circular shallow body with curved wall and inward-sloping shoulder. Widely open basin. Tapering, rounded short nozzle. Slightly raised flat base.

Type: Goldman group VIII (Tarsus)

Date: Second to early first century (Goldman et al.); about 350 to about 330 B.C. (Bailey)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: South Italy

Parallels: Goldman et al. 1950, group VIII, nos. 101–16 (Tarsus); Bailey BM I, p. 116, Q 208, pl. 40 (Halicarnassus).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

II.A.5 Howland type 25 A Prime

Cats. 10–12 have a globular body on a raised flat circular base, with a large filling-hole surrounded by a broad convex ring on cat. 10 and an inward-sloping wall marked off by a deep circular groove on cats. 11 and 12. Flat-topped nozzle with a rounded tip, slender and tapering on cat. 10, squatter and straight on cats. 11 and 12. Cat. 12 has a lug on its left side. Only cat. 10 is glazed on its upper part (plus a small patch of glaze on the nozzle underside). Howland dates his type 25 A Prime from the late second quarter of the fourth century B.C. to the second quarter of the third century.

10

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.372

Dimensions: L: 8.9 cm; W: 6.5 cm; H: 3.4 cm

Condition and Fabric: Wheelmade. Intact. Clay 2.5YR5/4 reddish brown, glaze 5YR3/1 very dark gray on upper part of lamp with patch underneath nozzle; unglazed lower part of basin and base.

Description: Globular body. Large filling-hole, separated from the rim by a wide sunken band. Flat-topped tapering nozzle with rounded tip. Raised flat circular base, distinctly detached from basin, with spreading profile.

Type: Howland 25 A Prime; Broneer VII

Date: Second and third quarters of fourth century B.C. to third quarter of third century B.C. (Howland)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Central Anatolia

Parallels: Broneer 1930, no. 120, pl. 3 (Corinth); Howland 1958, nos. 271–72, pl. 9, and nos. 271–72, pl. 38 (Athens, Agora); Bruneau 1965, no. 18, pl. 1 (Delos); Deneauve 1969, no. 133, pl. 28 (Carthage); Kunze 1972, p. 92, no. 1, pl. 10.1 (Egypt); Joly 1974, no. 2, pl. 1 (Sabratha); Bailey BM I, Q 86–Q 87, pl. 16 (Cyprus and Kalymnos); Bailey BM I, Q 430, pl. 83 (Kalymnos); Gualandi Genito 1977, nos. 27–35, type F; Oziol 1977, no. 57, pl. 5; Hayes 1980, no. 24, pl. 4 (Egypt); Gualandi Genito 1986, p. 99, no. 1; Hellmann 1987, no. 8, pl. 1.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

11

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.370

Dimensions: L: 6.4 cm; W: 4.5 cm; H: 3.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Wheelmade. Intact; white root-marks. Clay 7.5YR6/6 reddish yellow, glaze 2.5YR6/6 light red.

Description: Deep globular body with a curved shoulder (Kassab Tezgör and Sezer 1995, profile no. 6), separated from a large filling-hole by a deep circular groove. Broad, flat-topped, straight nozzle with rounded tip and bulging underside. Raised flat base, distinctly detached from basin by a furrow.

Type: Howland 25 A Prime; Broneer VII

Date: Ca. second half of fourth into third century B.C.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: Broneer 1930, no. 126; Hayes 1980, p. 10, no. 28, pl. 4; Williams 1981, no. 13, pl. 1 (Kenchreai); Kassab Tezgör and Sezer 1995, no. 161 (Istanbul).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

12

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.378

Dimensions: L: 4.7 cm; W: 3.5 cm; H: 2.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Wheelmade. Intact. Clay 5YR6/4 light reddish brown, self-slip.

Description: Miniature lamp with low, swelling, globular body with unpierced lug on left side. Rounded inward-sloping rim marked off by an outer groove. Large filling-hole. Short rounded nozzle with large oval wick-hole. Small raised circular base, distinct from basin.

Type: Howland 25 A Prime, variant with side-lug

Date: Third century B.C.(?)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Southern Anatolia

Parallels: Hayes 1980, no. 36, pl. 4 (from Egypt); Hellmann 1987, nos. 14–15, pl. 2 (Alexandria); Georges 2001, p. 474, nos. 13.1 and 13.2; Michelucci 1975, nos. 19–20, pl. 2 (Egypt).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

II.A.6 Howland type 32

Lamps of this type are characterized by a sharply biconical body with a substantial concave top area, defined by a raised rim set off by a groove that surrounds the filling-hole. These lamps have a rather long, flat-topped nozzle with a rounded or blunt end and a raised, slightly concave base. Generally without a handle, they often have a pierced lug (Howland 1958, pp. 99–100). A pinkish-buff clay with a glaze, at times flaked, is often applied inside and out, including on the base; the glaze varies in color from black or dark brown to red. Found in Rhodes, Cyprus, Delos, the Athenian Agora, Antioch-on-the-Orontes, and Palestine, the lamps are dated to the first half of the third century B.C. Cat. 15 keeps the basic features of cats. 13 and 14, but due to its longer blunt-tipped nozzle, it may be considered a variant of Howland type 32.

13

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.371

Dimensions: L: 9.2 cm; W: 6.8 cm; H: 3.2 cm

Condition and Fabric: Wheelmade. Slightly chipped on left side. Clay between 7.5YR7/4 and 7.5YR6/4 pink and reddish yellow, glaze 10YR3/2 very dark grayish brown.

Description: Biconical circular body with a diagonally pierced lug on the left side. Ridge marked off by two grooves (a thin outer and a larger inner one) surrounding the filling-hole. Round-tipped, tubular nozzle juts up; bulging underside. Raised circular base, distinctly detached from basin, with spreading profile; small circle impressed in center.

Type: Howland 32; Broneer VII

Date: First half of third century B.C. (Kassab Tezgör and Sezer)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: (Close) Bernhard 1955, no. 25, pl. 12; Heres 1969, no. 53, group 6, pl. 5; Oziol 1977, no. 65, pl. 5; Scheibler 1976, no. 277, pl. 49, profile no. 11, pl. 3; Gualandi Genito 1977, nos. 37–39, type G, pls. 12–13; (similar) Hayes 1980, no. 19, pl. 2; Bailey BM I, Q 383, pl. 79 (Rhodes); Antico Gallina and Condina 1990, no. 3, pl. 24; Oziol 1993, no. 29, fig. 4 (Cyprus); Kassab Tezgör and Sezer 1995, nos. 176–78, 185, 189, 192, and 195 (Lindos); Georges 2001, p. 474, nos. 13.3 and 13.4 (Alexandria); Georges 2003, p. 508, nos. 32–33 (Alexandria); Empereur and Nenna 2003, p. 508, nos. 32–33 (Alexandria).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

14

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.369

Dimensions: L: 9.1 cm; W: 7.2 cm; H: 3.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Wheelmade. Intact. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, unevenly applied and fired glaze 2.5YR5/6 red and 2.5YR 3/0 very dark gray, slightly shiny.

Description: Biconical body with diagonally pierced lug on its left. Slightly rounded ridge marked off by a groove surrounding medium-sized filling-hole. Short, round-tipped nozzle with rounded top. Distinctly raised circular base with slightly spreading profile; concave interior.

Type: Howland 32; Broneer VII

Date: First half of third century B.C.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: See refs. for cat. 13; Kassab Tezgör and Sezer 1995, no. I 84 (Lindos), suggested to be from a Rhodian workshop; Zimmer and Furtwängler 2003, no. c.37, pl. 4; Empereur and Nenna 2003, p. 508, nos. 32–33 (Alexandria).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

15

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.368

Dimensions: L: 10.1 cm; W: 7.0 cm; H: 3.9 cm

Condition and Fabric: Wheelmade. Chipped right angle of nozzle tip, small hole on left lower part of basin. Clay 10YR7/1 light gray, mottled glaze 7.5YR4/0 dark gray.

Description: Biconvex body. Inward-sloping discus pierced by medium-sized filling-hole. Unpierced lug on left side. Rather long nozzle with blunt tip, small protruding side-angles, and large oval wick-hole. Distinctly raised circular base with slightly spreading profile; concave interior with small central circle.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Howland 32, a variant with blunt-tipped nozzle(?)

Date: 300–250 B.C. (Kassab Tezgör and Sezer); 260–200 B.C. (Howland; Scheibler)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Southern Anatolia

Parallels: Heres 1969, nos. 56, 61; Scheibler 1976, no. 298; Kassab Tezgör and Sezer 1995, nos. 181, 184–85, 188–96 (presumed to be from a workshop on Rhodes); Bussière 2000, p. 241, no. P 98, pl. 3 (Algeria); Bémont and Chew 2007, pp. 24, 30–31, 430–31, pl. 6, GRP 27 (Melos).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

II.A.7 Howland type 33 A

According to Howland, this type—attested in the Athenian Agora during a period from the last quarter of the third century B.C. to the third quarter of the second century—is not well defined: “Its forms are irregular, not following a definite set pattern” (Howland 1958, p. 101). Lamps generally have a curved profile, such as Howland’s no. 438, pl. 15, which corresponds to the profile of cat. 16. Their tops can be rounded or concave; the bases are usually concave. Most lamps have a solid or pierced side-lug, some have a band handle. “The nozzles are long, flat or slightly rounded on top, with oval wick-holes well removed towards the ends which may be rounded or blunt” (p. 102). Since Howland attributes a later date to examples of his type with a blunt nozzle end, cat. 16 will be dated to the third quarter of the second century B.C.

16

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.376

Dimensions: L: 8.5 cm; W: 5.8 cm; H: 3.1 cm

Condition and Fabric: Wheelmade. Ribbon handle broken off. Clay 5YR6/6 reddish yellow, glossy glaze 2.5YR2.5/0 black on exterior only but not on base.

Description: Biconvex body with larger upper half. Unpierced lug on left side. Large deeply sunk central filling-hole surrounded by a lip. Fairly long nozzle with blunt tip, flat top, bulging underneath, and oval wick-hole. Raised slightly concave base, distinctly detached, spreading profile.

Type: Howland 33 A

Date: Third quarter of second century B.C.(?)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Paestum (Italy)

Parallels: None found; Bovon 1966, no. 157, pl. 4 (Argos), and Heres 1969, no. 61, pl. 6, have some similarity but a different profile.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

II.A.8 Howland type 40 A, also called “Cnidian” type

This abundant type, represented in the Getty collection by only one example, cat. 17, takes its name—“Cnidian” type—from the fact that Newton (1858, 1859, 1862, 1989) found several hundred of these lamps on Cnidus, which suggests a Cnidian-based workshop. However, we may assume the lamps were also produced in other East Greek sites, possibly Antioch-on-the-Orontes, Tarsus, Miletus, Samaria/Sebaste, and Rhodes, where examples have also been found. They were commercialized mostly in Greece and the East Greek areas: Corinth, Athens, Cyprus, and Delos; the latter site has yielded a particularly large number (about 250).

The “Cnidian” lamp has a biconvex body with a sharp carination and raised base. The top of the lamp shows a small depressed area marked off by a circular groove and pierced by the central filling-hole. The rounded, wide shoulder is decorated with various relief motifs, molded separately and applied when the clay was leatherhard. Among popular motifs are the “Cnidian” bilobate leaf, rosettes of different forms, and slave masks. The lamp may have a ribbed strap handle or a cross-bound double-band handle. It has a short, splayed nozzle with curved ends and flukes at the sides, and a large oval wick-hole. There are also multinozzled lamps with up to twelve nozzles. “Cnidian” lamps were wheelmade of uniformly well-rinsed dark gray clay. Bailey BM I, p. 127, dates the production of the “Cnidian” gray lamps from the end of the third century B.C. to the first quarter of the first century B.C. The Mahdia shipwreck, which has yielded one “Cnidian” example, is dated to the first years of the first century B.C.

17

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.362

Dimensions: L: 9.4 cm; W: 7.2 cm; H: 3.2 cm

Condition and Fabric: Wheelmade. Ribbon handle broken off. Clay 10YR5/1 gray, glaze 10YR 4/1 dark gray.

Description: Biconical body with sharp carination. Broad shoulder decorated on each side with typical Cnidian double-leaf pattern; this pattern was made separately and then applied to the shoulder. Concave discus with small filling-hole. Short, splayed nozzle with anchor-shaped tip. Slightly concave raised base with central small disc in relief.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Howland 40 A; Broneer XIII

Date: Second century to first quarter of first century B.C.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Not mentioned by Schüller, but probably Anatolia, possibly Cnidus

Parallels: Zahn 1904, no. 173, fig. 557; Waldhauer 1914, no. 91, pl. 8; Cardaillac 1922, p. 26, fig. 11, from the Mahdia shipwreck; Osborne 1924, no. 12, pl. 1 (Alexandria); Goldman et al. 1950, no. 40, fig. 94 (Tarsus); Crowfoot 1957, fig. 86.1 (Samaria/Sebaste); Howland 1958, no. 522, pl. 45; Smith 1964, fig. 7; Bruneau 1965, no. 1716, pl. 8 (Delos); Heres 1969, no. 121, pl. 13; Menzel 1969, no. 41, fig. 7.8 (Miletus); Bailey BM I, Q 333, pl. 64, out of many similar ones (Cnidus); Scheibler 1976, no. 586, pl. 85 (Kerameikos [Athens]); Cahn-Klaiber 1977, no. 77, pl. 4; Oziol 1977, nos. 101–4, pl. 7 (Cyprus); Shier 1978, A4.2, 12, pl. 1 (local Egyptian imitation); Lyon-Caen and Hoff 1986, nos. 102–4; Hellmann 1987, no. 21, pl. 2; Kassab Tezgör and Sezer 1995, no. 241, out of many similar ones (Cnidus); Bussière and Rivel 2012, no. 52.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

II.A.9 Bruneau’s Lampes dites Cnidiennes à entonnoir central group III (Cnidian lamps with central funnel)

Cat. 18 has a bottle-shaped body with a funnel-shaped collar on a narrow neck and a long tubular nozzle splayed at the end. It is wheelmade in a light red clay (with a reddish-brown slip) and not in the typical gray Cnidian clay such as, for example, Bailey’s Q 273 from Cnidus, or Bruneau’s no. 1957 from Delos, both decorated with the typical Cnidian molded slave masks and applied discs (see also cat. 17). Bailey reports many examples from Olynthos and in the Ptolemaic camp at Koroni. He dates the BM examples to the first half of the second century B.C. (Bailey BM I, p. 136). Both Bruneau 1965, with his example no. 1957 found at Delos, and Iconomu 1967, with a similar one found at Constanta, suggest a date from the second half of the second century to the first quarter of the first century B.C.

18

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.457

Dimensions: L: 10.8 cm; W: 6.5 cm; H: 5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Wheelmade. Intact. Clay 2.5YR6/6 light red, glaze near 2.5YR 4/6 red.

Description: Ring handle. Globular body surmounted by a funnel-shaped collar around medium-sized filling-hole. Long tubular nozzle, splayed at end; large oval wick-hole. Raised base slightly concave, with string marks.

Type: Bruneau’s Lampes dites Cnidiennes à entonnoir central group III

Date: First half of second century B.C. (Bailey); second half of second century to first quarter of first century B.C. (Bruneau and Iconomu)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: (Close) Bruneau 1965, nos. 1956–57; Iconomu 1967, p. 9, no. 119, fig. 12; Bailey BM I, Q 273, pl. 46; Scheibler 1976, no. 326, pl. 3 (Kerameikos [Athens]); Kassab Tezgör and Sezer 1995, no. 258 (from a presumed workshop at Cnidus).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

II.A.10 Pavolini’s biconical Esquiline type

About the third century B.C., Italian workshops developed a particular form, Pavolini’s biconical Esquiline type, corresponding to Borgia’s Tevere type, characterized by a carinated body, first without a handle but with a side-lug (Tevere 1); later without a side-lug but with a ring handle (Tevere 2). Both types have a nozzle in the shape of an anvil or an anchor. Apparently cat. 19 falls into Tevere 2 c, dated ca. 150–130 B.C. (Borgia 1998, fig. 15). Its body is not perfectly biconical, but Pavolini notes that the biconical shape of the type tends to get rounder with time (Pavolini 1990, p. 101). If the lamp is not Italian, it may have a Macedonian origin, as suggested by its resemblance to Drougou’s lamp no. 215 (Drougou 1992, no. 215, pl. 55, from Pella).

19

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.353

Dimensions: L: 10.6 cm; W: 4.9 cm; H: 3.1 cm

Condition and Fabric: Wheelmade. Intact. Clay 5YR6/4 light reddish brown, uneven glaze 10YR5/1–4/1 between gray and dark gray.

Description: Loop handle. Bulbous rather than biconical body. Inward-sloping band surrounding filling-hole. Substantial nozzle with triangular tip and flat top. Raised circular flat base.

Type: Borgia Tevere 2 c(?)

Date: Ca. 150–130 B.C.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Italy

Parallels: Loeschcke, Willers, and Niessen 1911, no. 1727, pl. 77; Fernández Chicarro 1956, fig. 43.8 (Seville); Benoît 1961, pl. 17.8 (Grand-Congloué shipwreck); Bruneau 1965, nos. 49–54, pl. 2 (Delos); Hellström 1965, no. 26, pl. 22 (Labraunda); Heres 1969, nos. 60, 69, pl. 6; Bailey BM I, Q 466, pl. 86 (East Greek); Oziol 1980, no. 3, pl. 1 (Aleria); Antico Gallina 1985, pp. 53–55, nos. 7–14, pl. 17; Masiello 1992, nos. 3–4, pl. 31; Todisco, Volpe, and Bottini 1992, no. 134 (Taranto); Drougou 1992, no. 215, pl. 55; Hübinger 1993, p. 56, no. 94, pl. 11; Kassab Tezgör and Sezer 1995, no. 239; Grassi 1997, nos. 1–3; Bémont and Chew 2007, p. 435, pl. 10, ITP 3. For a comprehensive study of the type, see Pavolini 1987, p. 146; Pavolini 1990, pp. 100–102; Borgia 1998.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

II.A.11 Ricci type D

Cat. 20 has a cylindrical body with side-lug, a depressed flat discus with a large central filling-hole, a stout round-ended nozzle with a large oval wick-hole, and a slightly raised flat base. It has near parallels in Deneauve type XIII, especially his lamps nos. 209 and 215, pl. 31, with a round-ended nozzle different from the anchor-shaped nozzle more common in the type (Deneauve 1969). Lamps of this shape have been found in shipwrecks dated to the second half of the second century B.C. (Ricci 1973, p. 215). But Ricci points out that her type D derives from an earlier Greek globular body type—Howland 25 B—dated from the second half of fourth century B.C. into the first quarter of the third century B.C. Because of the tapering shape of its rounded nozzle, cat. 19 might be dated to the first half of second century B.C. The examples with an anchor-shaped nozzle would be better attributed to the second half of the same century.

20

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.375

Dimensions: L: 9.2 cm; W: 6.5 cm; H: 3.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Wheelmade. Wick-hole slightly chipped. Clay 10R6/6 light red, slip 2.5YR4/8 red, partly burned.

Description: Cylindrical body. Narrow rounded rim. Unpierced lug at left side. Depressed flat-bottomed discus pierced by three holes to drain spilled oil. Large filling-hole surrounded by a beveled sloping ridge. Stout tapering nozzle, flattened on top, with rounded tip and large oval wick-hole. Raised flat circular base marked off by a deep groove.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Ricci D

Date: First half of second century B.C.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: South Italy

Parallels: (Close) Deneauve 1969, no. 209, pl. 31; Menzel 1969, p. 14, no. 29, fig. 4.2; Heres 1969, no. 75, group 10, pl. 7; Drougou 1992, no. 204, pl. 52.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

II.A.12 Undetermined Hellenistic types

These are forms of lamps that we have not found among the typologies in the specialized lamp literature at our disposal. In some cases, however, the forms are more or less related to known types.

Cat. 21 is characterized by a rather low convex reservoir with curved sides, a flat shoulder, and a large filling-hole surrounded by an edge. It has a short rounded nozzle and a high vertical band handle. Close parallels are found in Bailey BM I, Q 696, pl. 128, and Lyon-Caen and Hoff 1986, p. 33, no. 28. Both authors point out some similarity between those lamps and the Apulian type soon to be developed in Southern Italy. The common feature is the high vertical handle and the edge around the large filling-hole. However, as Lyon-Caen observes, the handle on an Apulian lamp is attached at the rear of the body at one point only, which, she says, is an exclusive feature of the Apulian type. This is not the case with cat. 21, whose handle is attached to the reservoir at two points. We will nevertheless give it Bailey’s date for BM I, Q 696: second half of the fifth or first half of the fourth century B.C. We must stress that the fastening of a handle at one point only is not an exclusive feature of Apulian lamps, as Lyon-Caen says; see, for example, cat. 166, of Loeschcke type IV.

Cat. 22 has a rather low basin with curved sides and a flat shoulder with a circular edge around a large filling-hole. Its high vertical ring handle attached to the body at one point only might suggest some relation to the Apulian type, but its round-ended nozzle does not have the slim elongated silhouette nor the anvil-shaped end of Apulian lamps; its shoulder is flat instead of rounded; and its top and nozzle are edged. Might the particular attachment of the handle to the body just be a lingering feature on a post-Apulian lamp? We must notice too that a continuous raised edge surrounding both the top of the lamp and the nozzle area, as seen on cat. 22, is not unusual on molded Hellenistic lamps (Howland types 39 and 52; or Bruneau 1965, nos. 2127–65, 2071–74, 2082, 2086, 2092–96, 2127–65), some still produced in the third century B.C.

Bailey Q 124, from the Crimea, has the same squat, juglike profile and apparently the same nozzle profile as cat. 23 (Bailey BM I, Q 124, pl. 25). The only difference is its flaring collar, which is not vertical as on cat. 23. But Bailey supposes Q 124–Q 126 to be a development from lamps Q 121–Q 123, whose raised vertical rim is pulled out into a flaring collar. Moreover Bailey’s description of the clay of these lamps fits the Getty lamp: “a coarse brick-red clay with white grits and a few flecks of mica [ . . . ] with a grey surface over all.” Bailey dates Q 124 to the second century B.C.

Cat. 25 is a rare hybrid form, possibly derived from an older globular type, Howland 25 B, but here equipped with a triangular nozzle. Such a nozzle form appears for the first time in Howland type 37 A and B (Howland 1958, no. 500, pl. 44), dated from the late second century B.C. into the beginning of first century B.C. Heimerl dates a close parallel (without side-lug) to the third century B.C. (Heimerl 1995, no. 3, pl. 18). The triangular nozzle form became popular on the earliest “Ephesus lamps,” which are dated to the second century B.C. Taking into account these facts, we will suggest a third- to second-century B.C. date.

If cat. 26 is related to the Kragenlampen type, as two close parallels seem to indicate (Zimmer and Furtwängler 2003, nos. b.42 and g.42, pl. 5), it can be dated from the second to the first century B.C.

Not much can be said about cat. 24 except that the following features point to a Hellenistic artifact: the high biconvex body, long tapering rounded nozzle, strap handle, and sunken flat discus pierced by a large filling-hole. Heres classifies a similar example in his group 7 (Heres 1969, p. 31, no. 58, pl. 6, dated to the Hellenistic period).

Because of its fragmented condition, it is difficult to determine the type of cat. 27. Is it an Attic lamp with the classic black shining glaze, or is it a South Italian lamp made of Campanian A? The fragment came to the Getty Museum as part of a large group of 450 South Italian votive heads and figures, loom weights, and molds, as well as Attic red-figure, South Italian, and Gnathia pottery sherds, dating mainly to the fourth century B.C.

21

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.449

Dimensions: L: 12.9 cm; W: 8.2 cm; H: 3.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Wheelmade. Ridge around filling-hole slightly chipped. Clay near 2.5YR6/4 light reddish brown, same color slip. Mica.

Description: Looped vertical broad convex handle attached to shoulder at one point only. Convex body. Flat shoulder with a circular ridge around a very large filling-hole. Round-tipped nozzle with a large wick-hole. Flat, slightly raised base.

Type: Undetermined

Date: Second half of fifth or first half of fourth century B.C. (Bailey)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Sicily

Parallels: Bailey BM I, Q 696, pl. 128; Lyon-Caen and Hoff 1986, p. 33, no. 28; (identical except for a transverse ring handle) Isac and Roman 2006, p. 137, no. 271, found in Romania, dated sixth century B.C.; Bussière and Rivel 2012, no. 29.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

22

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.452

Dimensions: L: 13.5 cm; W: 7.5 cm; H: 2.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Wheelmade. Small hole on underside of nozzle; grayish accretions on base. Clay near 2.5YR6/6 light red, same color slip.

Description: Loop handle attached to rear of basin at one point only. Shallow body with a slanted wall. Wide flat shoulder. Large filling-hole with a ridge. Raised edge surrounding both the top of the lamp and its rounded nozzle, leaving a channel between shoulder and wick-hole area. Flat undefined base.

Type: Form related to the Apulian type

Date: Fourth to third century B.C.(?)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Sicily

Parallels: None found, but there is a lamp with close similarity in J. C. Rivel's private collection (Bussière and Rivel 2012, no. 29). For Apulian lamps, see Todisco, Volpe, and Bottini 1992, nos. 130–31 (Taranto); Masiello 1992, nos. 64–69.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

23

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.450

Dimensions: L: 13.2 cm; W: 8.5 cm; H: 4.2 cm

Condition and Fabric: Wheelmade. Intact. Clay 2.5YR5/6 red, slip burned black from overfiring.

Description: Looped vertical handle. Biconvex body. Large filling-hole surmounted by a raised collar. Projecting nozzle, somewhat upturned, with a bulging lower part. Slightly concave raised base with string marks.

Type: Undetermined

Date: Second century B.C.(?) (as Bailey Q 124)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Sardinia

Parallels: None found; (close) Bailey BM I, Q 124, pl. 25, from southern Russia.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

24

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.377

Dimensions: L: 8.7 cm; W: 6.1 cm; H: 3.1 cm

Condition and Fabric: Wheelmade. A few thin cracks on underside of basin. Clay 5YR6/6 reddish yellow, selfslip.

Description: Ribbon handle with two bands and one median groove. Deep body broadening toward the bottom. Rounded shoulder. Deeply sunk flat discus with central filling-hole. Narrow tapering nozzle with rounded tip. Circular slightly raised flat base.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Undetermined

Date: Third century B.C.(?)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Southern Anatolia

Parallels: (Close) Heres 1969, no. 58, group 7, pl. 6.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

25

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.374

Dimensions: L: 9.0 cm; W: 5.2 cm; H: 3.1 cm

Condition and Fabric: Wheelmade. Intact. Clay 5YR6/3 light reddish brown, mottled glaze 7.5YR3/0 very dark gray. Mica.

Description: Biconvex body. Inward-sloping discus with large central filling-hole, separated from shoulder by a circular groove. Lug on left side, a feature unknown on “Ephesus lamps” but common on Greek and Hellenistic lamps of various types (Howland 25 B, 25 D, 28 A, 29 A, 29 B, 31, 32, 33, 34 A, 35 A, 37 A, 37 B, 38). Long nozzle with a triangular tip, as on “Ephesus lamps”; bulging underside. Raised base-ring, well detached from the basin; in center, raised disc with a small circle surrounding a bulging roundel.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Form related to Howland 37 B(?)

Date: Third to second century B.C.(?)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Central Anatolia

Parallels: Some similarity to Howland 1958, no. 500, pl. 44 (Howland type 37 B), with handle; Bernhard 1955, no. 80, pl. 13; Heimerl 1995, no. 3, pl. 18 (without side-lug).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

26

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.386

Dimensions: L: 10.6 cm; W: 6.2 cm; H: 3.2 cm

Condition and Fabric: Wheelmade. Intact. Clay 5YR6/6 reddish yellow, flaking glaze 5YR5/2 reddish gray.

Description: Looped handle. Biconvex body. Circular ridge with a central groove encircling a slightly concave discus. Second smaller ridge surrounding large filling-hole. Two small holes on discus to drain spilled oil (one unpierced). Long, nearly triangular nozzle; two small points flank the oval wick-hole; burn marks. Raised circular base.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Form related to the Kragenlampen type(?)

Date: Second to first century B.C.(?)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: None found. Some similarity with Zimmer and Furtwängler 2003, no. b.42, pl. 5, and no. g.42, pl. 7.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

27

Inventory Number: 73.AD.10.J.1

Dimensions: L: 7.8 cm; W: 6 cm; H: 3.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Wheelmade. Loop handle and nozzle broken off; ring around filling-hole chipped. Clay 10R5/6 red, glaze 7.5YR2/0 shiny black.

Description: Biconvex body. Sunken ring surrounding large filling-hole. Raised base-ring with a convex foot.

Type: Undetermined

Date: Second to first century B.C.(?)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Southern Italy

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: – 1973, Royal Athena Galleries (New York, New York), by exchange with Royal Athena Galleries, 1973.

Bibliography: Lyons 2016, p. 220.

II.B.1 “Ephesus lamps”

The first moldmade lamps appeared at the beginning of the third century B.C., when they started to compete with wheelmade lamps, which had been in use since the seventh century B.C. (Howland 1958, p. 129). Wheelmade lamps were generally not decorated. When they were, the decor was molded separately and applied to the lamp before firing (see, e.g., the so-called Cnidian lamp cat. 17). The molding technique enabled easier and faster decoration, as the decoration was made only once, for the patrix from which many molds were produced. Molding also enabled rapid mass production with less work.

Molding is said to have originated in the eastern Mediterranean and was soon adopted all over the Graeco-Roman world. For the next three centuries this common domestic artifact—the lamp—was to see a spectacular development, giving birth to an amazing diversity of decors and shapes. Several classifications of molded lamps produced in the Hellenistic period have been worked out for lamps found in excavations or kept in museum collections, the latter mostly of unknown place of manufacture or origin. However, no classification taken separately can account for the considerable variety of types seen in the lamps found all over the Mediterranean basin. Hence the difficulty in relating some Getty lamps to typologies not yet firmly established or even to types so far unrecorded. To further complicate things, some authors are not entirely consistent in their definition and appellation of a type, a group, or a series. For example, Schäfer isolates one group in the Pergamon material that he calls Herzblätterlampen on the basis of two side-lugs in the form of a heart-shaped leaf (Schäfer 1968, lamps nos. Q1–Q63). But he still lists under the heading Herzblätterlampen examples with rectangular lugs that have no heart-shaped decor at all, be it on the lugs, shoulder, or discus (see his lamps nos. Q43–Q46 and Q50, pl. 64). Lyon-Caen does the same (Lyon-Caen and Hoff 1986, see her nos. 120, 122–23). Bruneau includes Hellenistic lamps with two side-lugs in group III of his type XI, called lampes à réflecteurs et oreilles latérales (e.g., nos. 4203–19), even though some specimens do not have a reflector shield (Bruneau 1965, pp. 89–91, nos. 4216–17, pl. 22).

28

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.358

Dimensions: L: 9.8 cm; W: 5.7 cm; H: 2.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: Broken-off ribbon handle missing; left and upper part of shoulder scratched, decor partly invisible. Clay between 7.5YR7/4 and 7.5YR7/6 pink and reddish yellow, faint traces of slip 7.5YR5/4 brown. Gold mica.

Description: Moldmade. Biconical body. Shoulder with two distinct parts: an outer row with three twisted cords (the central one thickest) and an inner egg-and-dart row. Large central lipped filling-hole surrounded by a raised rim. Long beveled nozzle with a triangular tip; flat space between the nozzle tip and discus. This space is decorated with a caduceus between two lines and ends in small curled volutes on each side of the shoulder; three horizontal relief bars separate the caduceus from the large wick-hole. Slightly raised oval base.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Broneer XIX; Howland 49; Bruneau VII, lampes dites d’Ephèse group I

Date: Mid-second century to early first century B.C.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Central Anatolia

Parallels: (Similar) Bruneau 1965, no. 2199, pl. 12; (close but gray color and no caduceus) Drougou 1992, no. 228, pl. 58; Giuliani 2004, pl. 27, fig. 2 (Tetragonus agora, Ephesus); Abadie-Reynal 2003, nos. 1–2, pl. 25 (Turkey).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

29

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.330

Dimensions: L: 11.5 cm; W: 6.5 cm; H: 3.2 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR5/4 brown, glaze 7.5YR4/4 dark brown.

Description: Moldmade. Biconical body. Broad shoulder with seven varied evenly spaced floral patterns. Discus with a prominent ring, separated from the central filling-hole by a thinner inner ring. Long beveled nozzle with a triangular tip with burn marks; the flat space between the tip and the discus has a heart-shaped pattern present on several Delos lamps (for examples, see Bruneau 1965, nos. 2275–98, 2329, 2370–80, pl. 12, and nos. 2443, 2469, pl. 13). The underside of the nozzle is bulging down to practically the same level as the base-ring. Slightly concave base-ring; inside, small central raised ring with raised dot.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Broneer XIX; Howland 49; Bruneau VII lampes dites d’Ephèse group I

Date: Mid-second century to early first century B.C.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Central Anatolia

Parallels: (Identical) Bruneau 1965, no. 2469, pl. 13 (Delos); (very close) Drougou 1992, no. 266, pl. 73 (Pella).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

30

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.335

Dimensions: L: 12.2 cm; W: 7.0 cm; H: 3.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Ribbon handle broken off. Clay 10R6/1–6/2 between reddish gray and pale red, glaze 2.5YR3/0 very dark gray, applied on top of lamp and on some parts of underside.

Description: Moldmade. Biconical body. Broad shoulder with seven evenly distributed floral patterns in high relief (hearts, leaves, and buds). Small discus surrounded by a thin ring; large central filling-hole. Long beveled nozzle with flat top and triangular tip; burn marks. Raised slightly oval base.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Broneer XIX; Howland 49; Bruneau VII lampes dites d’Ephèse group I

Date: Mid-second to early first century B.C.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Central Anatolia

Parallels: (Close) Bruneau 1965, no. 2463, pl. 13, and no. 2596, pl. 14.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

31

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.329

Dimensions: L: 10.3 cm; W: 5.5 cm; H: 2.2 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 2.5YR5/0 gray, no glaze or slip.

Description: Moldmade. Ribbon handle with deep median groove, slightly askew. Biconical shallow body. Flat discus surrounded by two ridges separated by a groove. Filling-hole off center. Shoulder with radial bars. Long beveled nozzle with triangular tip. Between wick-hole and discus a floral motif (lotus bud[?]) under three globules. Slightly oval base.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Broneer XIX; Howland 49; Bruneau VII lampes dites d’Ephèse group II

Date: Mid-second to early first century B.C.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Central Anatolia

Parallels: None found; (near) Ephesos IX, pl. 23, L 95.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

32

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.339

Dimensions: L: 11.7 cm; W: 6.7 cm; H: 2.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay near 10YR6/1 light gray, glaze 7.5YR4/0 dark gray, covering mostly upper part of basin.

Description: Moldmade. Ribbon handle with two deep grooves, center section raised above sides. Basin slopes strongly toward base. Shoulder with tongues alternating with two globules. Raised edge surrounding the top of the lamp from handle to nozzle. Flat discus surrounded by a circular ridge and pierced by three small holes placed in a triangle around the central lipped filling-hole. Two more holes in lower part of shoulder may be air holes. Long beveled nozzle with triangular tip; eight identical globules are combined in a T-pattern on the flat space between discus and nozzle; below them, in front of the wick-hole, two horizontal bars. Raised ovoid base.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Broneer XIX; Howland 49; Bruneau VII lampes dites d’Ephèse group V

Date: Mid-second to early first century B.C.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Central Anatolia

Parallels: None found. For the raised edge surrounding the whole top of Hellenistic lamps, see Broneer 1930, p. 66, no. 367; Bruneau 1965, pls. 10–12—his “Ariston” group and his lamps no. 3155, pl. 20, or no. 4377, pl. 25; Howland 1958, no. 674, pl. 50, and no. 746, pl. 51; Perlzweig 1961, nos. 382, 386, pl. 13.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

Discussion: Broneer explains the edge around the top of the lamp and the small holes on the discus as a device to drain spilled oil back into the basin (Broneer 1930, p. 66). While it is mainly a Hellenistic feature, this raised edge is occasionally found on other types of lamps from different periods (e.g., Menzel 1969, no. 502, fig. 61.8; Hübinger 1993, no. 100, pl. 12, two Italic plastic lamps probably of the second half of the first century A.D.; Menzel 1969, p. 102, no. 659, fig. 83, a Late Islamic lamp).

33

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.350

Dimensions: L: 10.5 cm; W: 5.6 cm; H: 3.4 cm

Condition and Fabric: Handle possibly restored, overpainted. Clay 10YR7/2 light gray, slip on body near 7.5YR6/4 light brown, on handle 5YR4/1 dark gray. Clay and slip of handle are different from the rest of the lamp and most likely restored. Mica.

Description: Moldmade. Ribbon handle with one groove. Biconical body. Broad shoulder with outer twisted wide cord and inner narrower cord; row of ovolos alternating with small tongues. Small discus surrounded by a raised ring-shaped collar and pierced by a large filling-hole. Long beveled nozzle with triangular tip; the space between nozzle tip and discus has two curved grooves ending in curled volutes on each side of the shoulder; between them, three vertical grooves. Raised oval base.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Broneer XIX; Howland 49; Bruneau VII lampes dites d’Ephèse group V

Date: Mid-second to early first century B.C.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Central Anatolia

Parallels: (Close) Bruneau 1965, no. 209, pl. 122, with rounded nozzle.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

34

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.344

Dimensions: L: 11.2 cm; W: 5.7 cm; H: 3.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR6/1 light gray, glaze 10YR4/1 dark gray. Mica.

Description: Moldmade. Ribbon handle with two deep grooves. Biconical body. Shoulder with egg-and-tongue pattern. Raised rounded broad collar, whose interior slopes down toward the discus. Flat sunken discus pierced by three small holes irregularly placed around filling-hole. Beveled nozzle with burn marks, slightly shorter than on similar examples, with a triangular tip and a bulging underside; unclear relief on the flat top of the nozzle (possibly a face). Oval raised flat base.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Broneer XIX; Howland 49; Bruneau VII lampes dites d’Ephèse group V

Date: Mid-second to early first century B.C.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

35

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.412

Dimensions: L: 16.8 cm; W: 8.0 cm; H: 4.2 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay near 10YR6/1, mottled slip 2.5YR4/0 dark gray.

Description: Moldmade. Ribbon handle in three bands separated by two deep grooves; transverse horizontal band of clay in shape of two leaves added after the lamp was molded. Biconical body. A circular raised collar separates the discus from the narrow outward-sloping shoulder decorated with vine scroll and two rosettes; head of youth in pronounced relief facing nozzle. Flat-bottomed depressed discus with sides sloping up toward the central filling-hole surrounded by four small holes. Beveled nozzle with triangular tip; burn marks. Slightly concave raised base.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Broneer XIX; Howland 49; Bruneau VII lampes dites d’Ephèse group V

Date: Mid-second to early first century B.C.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Southern Anatolia

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

Discussion: The band of clay added to the handle, either as an ornament or to strengthen it, is not an unusual feature on Hellenistic lamps, where it can take the shape either of a knot (Menzel 1969, p. 104, no. 64, fig. 86; Heres 1969, no. 167, pl. 17, and no. 201, pl. 20; Hübinger 1993, no. 61, pl. 7; Di Filippo Balestrazzi 1988, vol. 2.2, no. 136, pl. 16, and nos. 142–48, pls. 17–18) or of a plain horizontal bar (Di Filippo Balestrazzi 1988, vol. 2.2, nos. 153–56, pl. 19; Sapelli 1979, no. 75, pl. 7); Hübinger 1993, no. 79, pl. 10.

36

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.345

Dimensions: L: 11.5 cm; W: 5.8 cm; H: 3.4 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay near 7.5YR7/4 pink, slip 10YR4/1 dark gray. Mica.

Description: Moldmade. Ribbon handle with two grooves. Biconical body with raised collar. Flat sunken discus with sides rising toward the central filling-hole; it is pierced by three small rectangular holes placed in triangle around the filling-hole. Beveled nozzle with flat top and triangular tip. Blurred base-ring with incised Greek inscription: ΦΩC/ΑΓΑ/ΘΟΝ (good light).

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Broneer XIX; Howland 49; Bruneau VII lampes dites d’Ephèse group V

Date: Mid-second to early first century B.C.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: (Close) Bruneau 1965, no. 3015, pl. 18; Schäfer 1968, no. T1, pl. 69 (Pergamon).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

37

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.340

Dimensions: L: 11.7 cm; W: 6.2 cm; H: 3.9 cm

Condition and Fabric: Right edge of basin rim chipped. Clay 10YR6/1 light gray, glaze mostly 7.5YR4/0 dark gray.

Description: Moldmade. Ribbon handle with two grooves, central section wider. Raised edge surrounding the lamp top from handle to nozzle (cf. cat. 32). Filling-hole on the forehead. Two small holes flank the face, to collect potentially spilled oil. Beveled nozzle with flat top and triangular tip. Tear-shaped raised base-ring.

Discus Iconography: The entire lamp top is in the form of an African head in pronounced relief.

Type: Broneer XIX; Howland 49; Bruneau VII lampes dites d’Ephèse group VIII

Date: Mid-second to early first century B.C.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: (Close) Hübinger 1993, no. 100, pl. 12, with nozzle possibly restored from a prior triangular tip, and with mark Y on base.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

38

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.356

Dimensions: L: 12.7 cm; W: 6.4 cm; H: 3.4 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR6/6 reddish yellow, mottled glaze, mostly on top 2.5YR6/6 light red. Mica.

Description: Moldmade. Ribbon handle with two grooves, central band wider. Biconvex body. Shoulder with radiating tongues between two rows of small beads. Wide flat discus, separated from shoulder by two ridges; between them a groove. Long nozzle with rounded tip and large near-circular flat plate surrounding the wick-hole; relief floral motif on the nozzle neck; burn marks. Raised grooved base-ring.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Broneer XIX; Howland 49; Bruneau VII lampes dites d’Ephèse group V

Date: Mid-second to early first century B.C.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Central Anatolia

Parallels: Kassab Tezgör and Sezer 1995, no. 316 (from a presumed Ephesus workshop). For the nozzle: Bruneau 1965, no. 3039, pl. 19. For the shoulder decor: Bruneau 1965, no. 2970, pl. 17.'

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

39

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.346

Dimensions: L: 10.8 cm; W: 5.6 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Ribbon handle broken off. Clay 7.5YR5/4 brown, unevenly applied glaze 10YR4/2 dark grayish brown, and 10YR3/2 very dark grayish brown. Slight mica.

Description: Moldmade. Biconical body. Shoulder with a row of ovolos alternating with spiral staffs. Wide flat discus, separated from the shoulder by two circular ridges. Central filling-hole surrounded by a thin ring. Long round-tipped nozzle; large near-circular plate surrounding the wick-hole; small S-shaped relief of dolphin on the nozzle neck; the underside has a characteristic bulging form. Slightly raised oval base with mark in low relief, like an X with a long branch.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Broneer XIX; Howland 49; Bruneau VII lampes dites d’Ephèse group V

Date: Mid-second to early first century B.C.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: (Close) Kassab Tezgör and Sezer 1995, no. 296. For nozzle: Bruneau 1965, no. 2761, pl. 15, and no. 2894, pl. 16. For dolphin-pattern: Bruneau 1965, p. 62, no. 2618.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

40

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.349

Dimensions: L: 13.2 cm; W: 6.7 cm; H: 3.2 cm

Condition and Fabric: Thin crack on left side. Clay 10YR6/1 light gray, glaze near 7.5R4/0 dark gray. Mica.

Description: Moldmade. Ribbon handle with two grooves. Biconical body. Shoulder with striated patterns: vertical lines alternating with rows of horizontal bars. Large discus, separated from the shoulder by a ridge. Flat bottom of discus pierced by off-center filling-hole and three small holes. Long round-tipped nozzle; large near-circular plate surrounding the wick-hole; another striated pattern, possibly a leaf, on top of the nozzle. Raised circular base-ring.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Broneer XIX; Howland 49; Bruneau VII lampes dites d’Ephèse group V

Date: Mid-second to early first century B.C.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: None found; (close) Gürler 2003, no. 18, fig. 3 (Tire museum); for shoulder decor: Bruneau 1965, no. 2975, pl. 17; for pattern on neck of nozzle: Bruneau 1965, no. 2970, pl. 17.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

41

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.352

Dimensions: L: 13.0 cm; W: 6.5 cm; H: 3.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR5/1 gray, slip on top 7.5YR4/0 dark gray, on bottom 5YR4/2 dark reddish gray. Mica.

Description: Moldmade. Ribbon handle with two grooves. Biconical body. Shoulder with three rows of globules, separated from the discus by a ridge. Large concave discus with slightly convex central area containing the filling-hole. Long round-tipped nozzle; large near-circular plate surrounding the wick-hole. Slightly raised base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Broneer XIX; Howland 49; Bruneau VII lampes dites d’Ephèse group V

Date: Mid-second to early first century B.C.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Central Anatolia

Parallels: Kassab Tezgör and Sezer 1995, no. 306. For the shoulder decor, see Bruneau 1965, no. 2796, pl. 15.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

42

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.343

Dimensions: L: 10.4 cm; W: 5.7 cm; H: 2.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay near 7.5YR7/2 pinkish gray, mottled slip near 10YR6/1 light gray. Mica.

Description: Moldmade. Ribbon handle with deep median groove; handle accidently bent sideways before firing. Biconvex body. Shoulder with a row of motifs resembling fishhooks. Circular beaded ridge separating shoulder from discus. Large discus slightly depressed, with Greek inscription composed with small beads: ΕΠΑΦΡΑC ΤΥΧACΙΟΥ (Epafras, son of Tychasios [maker or owner]); row of beads around an exceptionally small filling-hole. Long round-tipped nozzle; narrow, nearly circular plate around wick-hole; blurred pattern in pronounced relief, possibly bearded comedy mask (cf. cat. 57) on the nozzle neck. Raised base-ring with Greek inscription of beaded letters: three letters on one line: C (retrograde) ΥΕ(?).

Discus Iconography: Inscription.

Type: Broneer XIX; Howland 49; Bruneau VII lampes dites d’Ephèse group V

Date: Mid-second to early first century B.C.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: None found. For the shape of the nozzle tip, see Bruneau 1965, nos. 2730, 2754, pl. 15, and no. 2999, pl. 17; Hayes 1980, nos. 91–92, pl. 10.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

43

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.332

Dimensions: L: 11.1 cm; W: 5.3 cm; H: 2.0 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 2.5YR6/6 light red, glaze between 10YR5/1 and 10YR6/1 gray and light gray.

Description: Moldmade. Ribbon handle with two grooves. Biconical body. Shoulder with two rows of globules, separated from discus by a ridge. Flat discus pierced by a lipped central filling-hole. Long round-tipped nozzle with a flat top; semicircular plate around half of the wick-hole. Raised oval base-ring.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Broneer XIX; Howland 49; Bruneau VII lampes dites d’Ephèse group V

Date: Mid-second to early first century B.C.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Central Anatolia

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

Discussion: The peculiar shape of nozzle ending is not rare on Hellenistic lamps, but it is less common on “Ephesus lamps.”

II.B.a “Ephesus lamps” with triangular beveled nozzle

Howland type 49 A, better known as “Ephesus lamps” or “so-called Ephesus lamps” (e.g., Bruneau 1965, pp. 53–56; Giuliani 2005a, p. 139), appeared in Asia Minor early in the second century B.C. Although lamps of this type, as well as several molds, have been found in great numbers in Ephesus (Giuliani 2005a, p. 139), this city has nevertheless long been denied the role of a major production center of the type. Up to now no vestiges of a workshop or kiln have been discovered at this site or its surroundings (Giuliani 2001, p. 45). However, recent studies and chemical analyses of clays have definitively established a production of the type in Ephesus itself (Giuliani 2005a). “Ephesus lamps” have also been attested, although so far in lesser numbers, at various other Asia Minor sites: Tarsus, Miletus, Pergamon, Assos, Troy, Priene, Samaria/Sebaste, Labraunda, and Sardis. No site has yielded as many specimens as Delos (about twelve hundred), and yet a local Delian production has been discarded. Further clay analyses will perhaps determine if there were production centers besides Ephesus.

Several clay and glaze tints can be distinguished among the Getty examples: a score have a gray clay, unglazed or with a gray-black or sometimes slightly bluish-black glaze; some, in equal proportion, have a gray clay with a glossy or dull glaze; one has an ocher clay with an orange slip; one, a light gray unglazed clay similar to the Cnidus gray fabric; three have different hues of clay and glaze shifting between light brown, brown, and dark brown to partly black. These proportions point to the dominant dark gray or nearly black color characteristic of the “Ephesus” production.

The close similarity of this gray fine fabric with the fabric of other eastern ceramics (esp. Pergamene ceramics with its typical relief decoration) made Bruneau suggest that the Delos “Ephesus lamps” had been imported from Asia Minor.

“Ephesus lamps” have a biconical body, either no handle or a ribbon handle, various sizes of discus that sometimes has a flaring collar, shoulder of various width, and a long nozzle whose tip is either triangular or rounded with a wide flat rim surrounding the wick-hole. The lamps are highly decorated, and some examples have two nozzles. Sometimes there is a channel between the discus and the wick-hole area. “Ephesus lamps” developed as imitations of bronze models, as shown by the oval standing ring of the base, the shape of the long nozzle, and a transverse horizontal band added to the handle. Meant to strengthen the handles of metallic lamps, this feature has but a decorative purpose on clay lamps.

The decoration of “Ephesus lamps” is extremely varied, expressing the Hellenistic taste for vegetal ornaments (esp. floral) rather than representations of humans. The latter are present only as masks or as gods shown with their attributes (Bruneau 1965, p. 55). Bruneau has organized the 1,168 examples found on Delos into eleven groups despite the avowed difficulty in classifying items that are often midway between two types (Bruneau 1965, p. 51). For Bailey “the term ‘Ephesus type’ . . . should be reserved exclusively for lamps that fall within Howland’s type 49 A and Bruneau’s group V,” that is, lamps with a flaring collar around a rather large discus (Bailey BM I, p. 90, n. 2). This restrictive definition, justified for the sake of simplification, is not totally satisfactory, for the phrase “Ephesus type” is still used by scholars to mean lamps belonging to any of Bruneau’s eleven groups. Gualandi Genito uses lucerne di Efeso about lamps that belong indiscriminately to any of Bruneau’s groups (Gualandi Genito 1977, p. 51, nos. 74–77, pl. 17). In a section called Lampes dites d’Ephèse, Lyon-Caen presents examples that appertain to only four of Bruneau’s groups (Lyon-Caen and Hoff 1986, pp. 49–52); more recently Giuliani still speaks of the sogenannte Ephesos-Typus, encompassing all its different variants (Giuliani 2001, p. 45). Without strict consensus of definitions, how should one refer to lamps that are not in Bruneau’s group V yet undeniably belong to his lampes dites d’Ephèse?

“Ephesus lamps” from Athens and Delos are dated from the last quarter of the second century B.C. to the first quarter of the first century B.C. Recent studies propose an earlier date, beginning in the second quarter of the third century for lamps found in Turkey (Gürler 2002 [Metropolis]; Gürler 2003, locally excavated lamps in the Tire museum). Giuliani has established that the workshop of Asklepiades (Tetragonus agora, Ephesus) who produced “Ephesus lamps” was active from the mid-first century B.C. until the first years of the first century A.D. (Giuliani 2001, p. 48). For all the Getty examples the same date will be suggested, ranging from the mid-second century to the beginning of the first century B.C. We should add that the general consensus nowadays holds that lamps with rounded nozzles are later than lamps with triangular ones.

28

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.358

Dimensions: L: 9.8 cm; W: 5.7 cm; H: 2.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: Broken-off ribbon handle missing; left and upper part of shoulder scratched, decor partly invisible. Clay between 7.5YR7/4 and 7.5YR7/6 pink and reddish yellow, faint traces of slip 7.5YR5/4 brown. Gold mica.

Description: Moldmade. Biconical body. Shoulder with two distinct parts: an outer row with three twisted cords (the central one thickest) and an inner egg-and-dart row. Large central lipped filling-hole surrounded by a raised rim. Long beveled nozzle with a triangular tip; flat space between the nozzle tip and discus. This space is decorated with a caduceus between two lines and ends in small curled volutes on each side of the shoulder; three horizontal relief bars separate the caduceus from the large wick-hole. Slightly raised oval base.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Broneer XIX; Howland 49; Bruneau VII, lampes dites d’Ephèse group I

Date: Mid-second century to early first century B.C.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Central Anatolia

Parallels: (Similar) Bruneau 1965, no. 2199, pl. 12; (close but gray color and no caduceus) Drougou 1992, no. 228, pl. 58; Giuliani 2004, pl. 27, fig. 2 (Tetragonus agora, Ephesus); Abadie-Reynal 2003, nos. 1–2, pl. 25 (Turkey).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

29

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.330

Dimensions: L: 11.5 cm; W: 6.5 cm; H: 3.2 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR5/4 brown, glaze 7.5YR4/4 dark brown.

Description: Moldmade. Biconical body. Broad shoulder with seven varied evenly spaced floral patterns. Discus with a prominent ring, separated from the central filling-hole by a thinner inner ring. Long beveled nozzle with a triangular tip with burn marks; the flat space between the tip and the discus has a heart-shaped pattern present on several Delos lamps (for examples, see Bruneau 1965, nos. 2275–98, 2329, 2370–80, pl. 12, and nos. 2443, 2469, pl. 13). The underside of the nozzle is bulging down to practically the same level as the base-ring. Slightly concave base-ring; inside, small central raised ring with raised dot.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Broneer XIX; Howland 49; Bruneau VII lampes dites d’Ephèse group I

Date: Mid-second century to early first century B.C.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Central Anatolia

Parallels: (Identical) Bruneau 1965, no. 2469, pl. 13 (Delos); (very close) Drougou 1992, no. 266, pl. 73 (Pella).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

30

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.335

Dimensions: L: 12.2 cm; W: 7.0 cm; H: 3.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Ribbon handle broken off. Clay 10R6/1–6/2 between reddish gray and pale red, glaze 2.5YR3/0 very dark gray, applied on top of lamp and on some parts of underside.

Description: Moldmade. Biconical body. Broad shoulder with seven evenly distributed floral patterns in high relief (hearts, leaves, and buds). Small discus surrounded by a thin ring; large central filling-hole. Long beveled nozzle with flat top and triangular tip; burn marks. Raised slightly oval base.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Broneer XIX; Howland 49; Bruneau VII lampes dites d’Ephèse group I

Date: Mid-second to early first century B.C.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Central Anatolia

Parallels: (Close) Bruneau 1965, no. 2463, pl. 13, and no. 2596, pl. 14.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

31

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.329

Dimensions: L: 10.3 cm; W: 5.5 cm; H: 2.2 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 2.5YR5/0 gray, no glaze or slip.

Description: Moldmade. Ribbon handle with deep median groove, slightly askew. Biconical shallow body. Flat discus surrounded by two ridges separated by a groove. Filling-hole off center. Shoulder with radial bars. Long beveled nozzle with triangular tip. Between wick-hole and discus a floral motif (lotus bud[?]) under three globules. Slightly oval base.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Broneer XIX; Howland 49; Bruneau VII lampes dites d’Ephèse group II

Date: Mid-second to early first century B.C.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Central Anatolia

Parallels: None found; (near) Ephesos IX, pl. 23, L 95.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

32

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.339

Dimensions: L: 11.7 cm; W: 6.7 cm; H: 2.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay near 10YR6/1 light gray, glaze 7.5YR4/0 dark gray, covering mostly upper part of basin.

Description: Moldmade. Ribbon handle with two deep grooves, center section raised above sides. Basin slopes strongly toward base. Shoulder with tongues alternating with two globules. Raised edge surrounding the top of the lamp from handle to nozzle. Flat discus surrounded by a circular ridge and pierced by three small holes placed in a triangle around the central lipped filling-hole. Two more holes in lower part of shoulder may be air holes. Long beveled nozzle with triangular tip; eight identical globules are combined in a T-pattern on the flat space between discus and nozzle; below them, in front of the wick-hole, two horizontal bars. Raised ovoid base.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Broneer XIX; Howland 49; Bruneau VII lampes dites d’Ephèse group V

Date: Mid-second to early first century B.C.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Central Anatolia

Parallels: None found. For the raised edge surrounding the whole top of Hellenistic lamps, see Broneer 1930, p. 66, no. 367; Bruneau 1965, pls. 10–12—his “Ariston” group and his lamps no. 3155, pl. 20, or no. 4377, pl. 25; Howland 1958, no. 674, pl. 50, and no. 746, pl. 51; Perlzweig 1961, nos. 382, 386, pl. 13.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

Discussion: Broneer explains the edge around the top of the lamp and the small holes on the discus as a device to drain spilled oil back into the basin (Broneer 1930, p. 66). While it is mainly a Hellenistic feature, this raised edge is occasionally found on other types of lamps from different periods (e.g., Menzel 1969, no. 502, fig. 61.8; Hübinger 1993, no. 100, pl. 12, two Italic plastic lamps probably of the second half of the first century A.D.; Menzel 1969, p. 102, no. 659, fig. 83, a Late Islamic lamp).

33

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.350

Dimensions: L: 10.5 cm; W: 5.6 cm; H: 3.4 cm

Condition and Fabric: Handle possibly restored, overpainted. Clay 10YR7/2 light gray, slip on body near 7.5YR6/4 light brown, on handle 5YR4/1 dark gray. Clay and slip of handle are different from the rest of the lamp and most likely restored. Mica.

Description: Moldmade. Ribbon handle with one groove. Biconical body. Broad shoulder with outer twisted wide cord and inner narrower cord; row of ovolos alternating with small tongues. Small discus surrounded by a raised ring-shaped collar and pierced by a large filling-hole. Long beveled nozzle with triangular tip; the space between nozzle tip and discus has two curved grooves ending in curled volutes on each side of the shoulder; between them, three vertical grooves. Raised oval base.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Broneer XIX; Howland 49; Bruneau VII lampes dites d’Ephèse group V

Date: Mid-second to early first century B.C.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Central Anatolia

Parallels: (Close) Bruneau 1965, no. 209, pl. 122, with rounded nozzle.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

34

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.344

Dimensions: L: 11.2 cm; W: 5.7 cm; H: 3.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR6/1 light gray, glaze 10YR4/1 dark gray. Mica.

Description: Moldmade. Ribbon handle with two deep grooves. Biconical body. Shoulder with egg-and-tongue pattern. Raised rounded broad collar, whose interior slopes down toward the discus. Flat sunken discus pierced by three small holes irregularly placed around filling-hole. Beveled nozzle with burn marks, slightly shorter than on similar examples, with a triangular tip and a bulging underside; unclear relief on the flat top of the nozzle (possibly a face). Oval raised flat base.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Broneer XIX; Howland 49; Bruneau VII lampes dites d’Ephèse group V

Date: Mid-second to early first century B.C.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

35

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.412

Dimensions: L: 16.8 cm; W: 8.0 cm; H: 4.2 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay near 10YR6/1, mottled slip 2.5YR4/0 dark gray.

Description: Moldmade. Ribbon handle in three bands separated by two deep grooves; transverse horizontal band of clay in shape of two leaves added after the lamp was molded. Biconical body. A circular raised collar separates the discus from the narrow outward-sloping shoulder decorated with vine scroll and two rosettes; head of youth in pronounced relief facing nozzle. Flat-bottomed depressed discus with sides sloping up toward the central filling-hole surrounded by four small holes. Beveled nozzle with triangular tip; burn marks. Slightly concave raised base.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Broneer XIX; Howland 49; Bruneau VII lampes dites d’Ephèse group V

Date: Mid-second to early first century B.C.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Southern Anatolia

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

Discussion: The band of clay added to the handle, either as an ornament or to strengthen it, is not an unusual feature on Hellenistic lamps, where it can take the shape either of a knot (Menzel 1969, p. 104, no. 64, fig. 86; Heres 1969, no. 167, pl. 17, and no. 201, pl. 20; Hübinger 1993, no. 61, pl. 7; Di Filippo Balestrazzi 1988, vol. 2.2, no. 136, pl. 16, and nos. 142–48, pls. 17–18) or of a plain horizontal bar (Di Filippo Balestrazzi 1988, vol. 2.2, nos. 153–56, pl. 19; Sapelli 1979, no. 75, pl. 7); Hübinger 1993, no. 79, pl. 10.

36

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.345

Dimensions: L: 11.5 cm; W: 5.8 cm; H: 3.4 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay near 7.5YR7/4 pink, slip 10YR4/1 dark gray. Mica.

Description: Moldmade. Ribbon handle with two grooves. Biconical body with raised collar. Flat sunken discus with sides rising toward the central filling-hole; it is pierced by three small rectangular holes placed in triangle around the filling-hole. Beveled nozzle with flat top and triangular tip. Blurred base-ring with incised Greek inscription: ΦΩC/ΑΓΑ/ΘΟΝ (good light).

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Broneer XIX; Howland 49; Bruneau VII lampes dites d’Ephèse group V

Date: Mid-second to early first century B.C.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: (Close) Bruneau 1965, no. 3015, pl. 18; Schäfer 1968, no. T1, pl. 69 (Pergamon).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

37

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.340

Dimensions: L: 11.7 cm; W: 6.2 cm; H: 3.9 cm

Condition and Fabric: Right edge of basin rim chipped. Clay 10YR6/1 light gray, glaze mostly 7.5YR4/0 dark gray.

Description: Moldmade. Ribbon handle with two grooves, central section wider. Raised edge surrounding the lamp top from handle to nozzle (cf. cat. 32). Filling-hole on the forehead. Two small holes flank the face, to collect potentially spilled oil. Beveled nozzle with flat top and triangular tip. Tear-shaped raised base-ring.

Discus Iconography: The entire lamp top is in the form of an African head in pronounced relief.

Type: Broneer XIX; Howland 49; Bruneau VII lampes dites d’Ephèse group VIII

Date: Mid-second to early first century B.C.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: (Close) Hübinger 1993, no. 100, pl. 12, with nozzle possibly restored from a prior triangular tip, and with mark Y on base.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

II.B.b “Ephesus lamps” with round nozzle and flat plate surrounding wick-hole

38

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.356

Dimensions: L: 12.7 cm; W: 6.4 cm; H: 3.4 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR6/6 reddish yellow, mottled glaze, mostly on top 2.5YR6/6 light red. Mica.

Description: Moldmade. Ribbon handle with two grooves, central band wider. Biconvex body. Shoulder with radiating tongues between two rows of small beads. Wide flat discus, separated from shoulder by two ridges; between them a groove. Long nozzle with rounded tip and large near-circular flat plate surrounding the wick-hole; relief floral motif on the nozzle neck; burn marks. Raised grooved base-ring.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Broneer XIX; Howland 49; Bruneau VII lampes dites d’Ephèse group V

Date: Mid-second to early first century B.C.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Central Anatolia

Parallels: Kassab Tezgör and Sezer 1995, no. 316 (from a presumed Ephesus workshop). For the nozzle: Bruneau 1965, no. 3039, pl. 19. For the shoulder decor: Bruneau 1965, no. 2970, pl. 17.'

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

39

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.346

Dimensions: L: 10.8 cm; W: 5.6 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Ribbon handle broken off. Clay 7.5YR5/4 brown, unevenly applied glaze 10YR4/2 dark grayish brown, and 10YR3/2 very dark grayish brown. Slight mica.

Description: Moldmade. Biconical body. Shoulder with a row of ovolos alternating with spiral staffs. Wide flat discus, separated from the shoulder by two circular ridges. Central filling-hole surrounded by a thin ring. Long round-tipped nozzle; large near-circular plate surrounding the wick-hole; small S-shaped relief of dolphin on the nozzle neck; the underside has a characteristic bulging form. Slightly raised oval base with mark in low relief, like an X with a long branch.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Broneer XIX; Howland 49; Bruneau VII lampes dites d’Ephèse group V

Date: Mid-second to early first century B.C.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: (Close) Kassab Tezgör and Sezer 1995, no. 296. For nozzle: Bruneau 1965, no. 2761, pl. 15, and no. 2894, pl. 16. For dolphin-pattern: Bruneau 1965, p. 62, no. 2618.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

40

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.349

Dimensions: L: 13.2 cm; W: 6.7 cm; H: 3.2 cm

Condition and Fabric: Thin crack on left side. Clay 10YR6/1 light gray, glaze near 7.5R4/0 dark gray. Mica.

Description: Moldmade. Ribbon handle with two grooves. Biconical body. Shoulder with striated patterns: vertical lines alternating with rows of horizontal bars. Large discus, separated from the shoulder by a ridge. Flat bottom of discus pierced by off-center filling-hole and three small holes. Long round-tipped nozzle; large near-circular plate surrounding the wick-hole; another striated pattern, possibly a leaf, on top of the nozzle. Raised circular base-ring.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Broneer XIX; Howland 49; Bruneau VII lampes dites d’Ephèse group V

Date: Mid-second to early first century B.C.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: None found; (close) Gürler 2003, no. 18, fig. 3 (Tire museum); for shoulder decor: Bruneau 1965, no. 2975, pl. 17; for pattern on neck of nozzle: Bruneau 1965, no. 2970, pl. 17.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

41

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.352

Dimensions: L: 13.0 cm; W: 6.5 cm; H: 3.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR5/1 gray, slip on top 7.5YR4/0 dark gray, on bottom 5YR4/2 dark reddish gray. Mica.

Description: Moldmade. Ribbon handle with two grooves. Biconical body. Shoulder with three rows of globules, separated from the discus by a ridge. Large concave discus with slightly convex central area containing the filling-hole. Long round-tipped nozzle; large near-circular plate surrounding the wick-hole. Slightly raised base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Broneer XIX; Howland 49; Bruneau VII lampes dites d’Ephèse group V

Date: Mid-second to early first century B.C.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Central Anatolia

Parallels: Kassab Tezgör and Sezer 1995, no. 306. For the shoulder decor, see Bruneau 1965, no. 2796, pl. 15.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

42

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.343

Dimensions: L: 10.4 cm; W: 5.7 cm; H: 2.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay near 7.5YR7/2 pinkish gray, mottled slip near 10YR6/1 light gray. Mica.

Description: Moldmade. Ribbon handle with deep median groove; handle accidently bent sideways before firing. Biconvex body. Shoulder with a row of motifs resembling fishhooks. Circular beaded ridge separating shoulder from discus. Large discus slightly depressed, with Greek inscription composed with small beads: ΕΠΑΦΡΑC ΤΥΧACΙΟΥ (Epafras, son of Tychasios [maker or owner]); row of beads around an exceptionally small filling-hole. Long round-tipped nozzle; narrow, nearly circular plate around wick-hole; blurred pattern in pronounced relief, possibly bearded comedy mask (cf. cat. 57) on the nozzle neck. Raised base-ring with Greek inscription of beaded letters: three letters on one line: C (retrograde) ΥΕ(?).

Discus Iconography: Inscription.

Type: Broneer XIX; Howland 49; Bruneau VII lampes dites d’Ephèse group V

Date: Mid-second to early first century B.C.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: None found. For the shape of the nozzle tip, see Bruneau 1965, nos. 2730, 2754, pl. 15, and no. 2999, pl. 17; Hayes 1980, nos. 91–92, pl. 10.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

43

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.332

Dimensions: L: 11.1 cm; W: 5.3 cm; H: 2.0 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 2.5YR6/6 light red, glaze between 10YR5/1 and 10YR6/1 gray and light gray.

Description: Moldmade. Ribbon handle with two grooves. Biconical body. Shoulder with two rows of globules, separated from discus by a ridge. Flat discus pierced by a lipped central filling-hole. Long round-tipped nozzle with a flat top; semicircular plate around half of the wick-hole. Raised oval base-ring.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Broneer XIX; Howland 49; Bruneau VII lampes dites d’Ephèse group V

Date: Mid-second to early first century B.C.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Central Anatolia

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

Discussion: The peculiar shape of nozzle ending is not rare on Hellenistic lamps, but it is less common on “Ephesus lamps.”

II.B.2 Asia Minor Hellenistic lamps with two side-lugs

Eight Hellenistic lamps from the Getty collection have side-lugs of four different shapes: knucklebone shape for cat. 46; wide rectangular shape for cats. 47 and 48, narrow ones for cats. 49–51; and a conical form imitating a heart-shaped leaf for cats. 44 and 45. All those lamps have a biconvex body. Apart from this characteristic, they keep most of the distinctive features of “Ephesus lamps”: 1) wide oval or nearly circular termination of the nozzle, bordered by a flat band (or plate); 2) looped ribbon handle divided into two or more bands; 3) medium-sized central filling-hole (smaller in cat. 49); 4) slightly depressed discus, usually flat and decorated with rings and grooves, sometimes pierced by small holes to drain spilled oil; 5) shoulder decors of floral garlands, radial fluting, and egg-and-tongue pattern; 6) masks on the nozzle neck; and 7) two large single volutes, in the case of cat. 46. Most of these lamps have the same gray clay with gray or black slip seen on “Ephesus lamps.” None of the lamps classified by Howland in his type 49 A as Ephesus lamps has side-lugs (Howland 1958, pl. 49). Some lamps from Delos do have lugs, but Bruneau does not classify them among his type VII “Ephesus lamps” groups I to XI (Bruneau 1965, p. 53). He assigns some to his chapter 11, Groupe des lampes à réflecteurs et oreilles latérales, although some lamps in this chapter actually have no reflector shields (e.g., nos. 4216–17 and 4223). Bruneau groups various other lamps with side-lugs (his series 3 and 5) in chapter 12, Lampes moulées à un seul bec de types divers. Some of the lamps in his chapter 11 (e.g., nos. 4210–16 and 4219) and the series 5 in chapter 12 (e.g., nos. 4324–32) are actually Pergamene Herzblätterlampen. Bruneau considers their Pergamene origin (pp. 90–91 in the chapter Origine et chronologie, and on p. 96 the Pergamene parallel given to lamp no. 4328), but given the state of knowledge in the 1960s, he could not clearly distinguish the so-called Ephesus-type lamps from the Pergamene types, among them the Herzblätterlampen.

According to Schäfer, Pergamene workshops developed the molding technique in the beginning of the third century B.C. and soon produced lamps with a wide range of molded decors (Schäfer 1968, pp. 151–52). But no lamps with those typical Pergamene relief decors are attested in Athens in the mid-third century. Such lamps—to which the Herzblätterlampen group belongs—were derived from metal models, produced earlier in the third century. In the second century B.C. the Herzblätterlampen were broadly distributed, as finds in Priene and Delos attest. In the same century, probably in the second quarter, production of other “Ephesus lamps” began in Asia Minor. The Pergamene workshops participated in this production, if not from the beginning, at least all during the second century. Then the type evolved into various Late Hellenistic lamps with a large flat discus and a small undecorated shoulder, from which were derived the Late Republican examples and ultimately the Augustan volute-nozzle lamps of Loeschcke type I.

Two Getty lamps—cats. 44 and 45—belong to Schäfer’s Pergamene Herzblätterlampen type. The other Getty lamps, with different side-lugs, present much similarity to both “Ephesus lamps” and Herzblätterlampen. With the present state of knowledge they will be classified under the heading “Asia Minor lamps with two side lugs” without further precision. Heres does the same when he attributes his first group only to the Ephesos-Typ and calls his groups 2 to 5 kleinasiatisch (Asia Minor type, Heres 1969, pp. 45–55). Among the very few known places of manufacture or origin in Heres’s groups 2 to 5 are Smyrna (nos. 124 and 168) and Pergamon (nos. 123, 125, 147–48). He dates these Asia Minor lamps to a period between the end of the second century B.C. and the beginning of the first century A.D.

44

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.337

Dimensions: L: 10.3 cm; W: 7.2 cm; H: 2.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR6/2 light brownish gray, glaze 7.5YR3/0 very dark gray.

Description: Moldmade. Biconvex body. Two conical side-lugs, each with a heart-shaped leaf. Shoulder decorated with a row of ovolos. Large raised flat-topped ring marked off by an inner circular groove separating the shoulder from the depressed discus. Lipped central filling-hole. Long round-tipped nozzle; large nearly circular plate surrounding the wick-hole; bearded mask in high relief on the nozzle neck; bulging underside of nozzle. Raised base-ring marked off by thin inner groove; concave center with further ring with central knob.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Schäfer’s Herzblätterlampen

Date: Second century B.C.(?)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Southern Anatolia

Parallels: Brants 1913, no. 79, pl. 1; Waldhauer 1914, no. 97, pl. 9.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

45

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.333

Dimensions: L: 8.2 cm; W: 8.2 cm; H: 3.2 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact; overpainted. Clay between 10YR6/1 and 10YR6/2 light gray and light brownish gray, glaze 7.5YR 2/0 black.

Description: Moldmade. Biconvex body; the general shape differs slightly from most Getty “Ephesus lamps” by its medium-sized nozzle without a long tapering neck, and by two conical side-lugs, each with a heart-shaped leaf. Shoulder with a row of darts, separated from the concave discus by a ridge. Central lipped filling-hole surrounded by a raised ring. Round-tipped nozzle with a large circular plate surrounding the wick-hole. Nozzle neck flanked by volutes, whose knobs are linked by a curved ridge close to the continuous shoulder. Raised base-ring accompanied by two inner rings. Potter’s mark within: two or three vertical lines(?).

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Schäfer’s Herzblätterlampen

Date: Second century B.C.(?)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

46

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.341

Dimensions: L: 11.7 cm; W: 7.5 cm; H: 3.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay near 10YR5/1 gray, glaze 2.5YR3/0 very dark gray.

Description: Moldmade. Loop handle with one groove and a cross-band. Biconvex body. Shoulder with an egg-and-tongue row. Beaded raised ring separating the shoulder from the discus. Two side-lugs in the shape of knucklebones with two short central ridges. Flat discus with central filling-hole and three small holes to drain spilled oil. Medium-sized nozzle; large flat circular plate around the wick-hole; wide substantial volutes flanking the nozzle; between them on the shoulder a man’s head in high relief; narrow rectangular opening below it, acting as air hole. Raised circular base-ring marked off by one inner groove.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Side-lugged Asia Minor type

Date: Late second to early first century B.C.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

47

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.338

Dimensions: L: 11.2 cm; W: 8.2 cm; H: 3.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay near 10YR6/1 light gray, uneven glaze 10YR4/1 dark gray.

Description: Moldmade. Ribbon handle with three grooves; small patch of clay on each side of handle base. Biconvex body. Shoulder with egg-and-tongue pattern. Circular grooved ridge separating shoulder from discus. Two rectangular side-lugs, each with dentils and two small volutes. Flat discus, slightly depressed, pierced by three small holes to drain spilled oil; two rings around the central filling-hole. Medium-length nozzle with two parallel flat ridges on top, creating a closed channel between the discus and the nozzle tip. Flat circular plate around the wick-hole. Raised base-ring around Greek incised inscription: CΩ/CIBI/OY (made by, or belonging to, Sosibios); the reading is upside-down, which is unusual.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Side-lugged Asia Minor type

Date: Late first century B.C. to early first century A.D. (Hübinger); early first century B.C. (Bailey)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Southern Anatolia

Parallels: Bailey BM I, Q 474; Lyon-Caen and Hoff 1986, pp. 54–55, no. 122; Hübinger 1993, no. 79, pl. 10.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

48

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.351

Dimensions: L: 12.0 cm; W: 8.2 cm; H: 3.4 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay near 5YR7/3 pink, glaze 5YR5/1 gray. Mica.

Description: Moldmade. Ribbon handle with median groove. Biconvex body. Two nearly rectangular side-lugs, each with two small volutes and a row of small beads. Shoulder with egg-and-tongue pattern. Circular grooved ridge separating shoulder from discus. Flat-bottomed discus; central filling-hole surrounded by a flat ring. Medium-length nozzle; flat circular plate around wick-hole. Circular raised base-ring.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Side-lugged Asia Minor type

Date: Late first century B.C. to early first century A.D. (Hübinger)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: (Close) Hübinger 1993, no. 79, pl. 10.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

49

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.355

Dimensions: L: 9.6 cm; W: 6.5 cm; H: 2.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR 6/2 light brownish gray, glaze 10YR4/1 dark gray. Mica.

Description: Moldmade. Ribbon handle with one groove. Biconvex body. Two narrow nearly rectangular side-lugs with wavy pattern. Shoulder with egg-and-tongue molding. Circular ridge with median groove separating shoulder from discus. Flat discus, slightly depressed, with small central filling-hole. Medium-length nozzle; flat circular plate around the wick-hole. Human head in high relief on nozzle top. Raised base-ring with an additional small inner one.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Side-lugged Asia Minor type

Date: Second century B.C. (Lyon-Caen); end of second century to mid-first century B.C. (Bailey)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: Bailey BM I, Q 474, pl. 89; Lyon-Caen and Hoff 1986, pp. 54–55, no. 122.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

50

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.360

Dimensions: L: 7.6 cm; W: 5.8 cm; H: 1.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Ribbon handle broken off. Clay 7.5YR6/2 pinkish gray, glaze 10YR4/0 dark gray. Mica.

Description: Moldmade. Biconical flattened body. Two narrow rectangular side-lugs with wavy pattern. Shoulder with garland of four heart-shaped leaves alternating with four rosettes. Shoulder separated from discus by a circular grooved ridge. Slightly concave discus; central filling-hole surrounded by a flat raised band. Medium-length nozzle; flat circular plate around the wick-hole; a human head in high relief on nozzle top. Base-ring marked off by two grooves; an additional inner thin ring; on the outer ring three circular raised reliefs marked off by one groove. Moldmade raised inscription in Greek on three lines. Both letter reading and line divisions are uncertain, and the reading is upside down, which is unusual: ΕΡΩΙϹ[?]/ΟΓΡΛΨΑ/ΟΙϹΕΕΝ[?]. Line three may possibly be the name of the writer.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Side-lugged Asia Minor type

Date: Late second to early first century B.C.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: Fischer and Welling 1984, p. 378, nos. 14–15; Griepentrog 1986, no. 3, pl. 28; Lyon-Caen and Hoff 1986, p. 55, no. 123; Kassab Tezgör and Sezer 1995, nos. 333–34 (presumably from an Ephesus workshop); (similar) Abadie-Reynal 2003, pl. 23.1 (Turkey).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

51

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.361

Dimensions: L: 10.2 cm; W: 7.0 cm; H: 2.4 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay near 2.5YR6/6 light red, glaze near 2.5YR5/6 light red, a few occasional dark spots. Some mica.

Description: Moldmade. Ribbon handle with two median grooves and a horizontal cross-band. Biconvex body. Two narrow rectangular side-lugs with wavy lines. Shoulder with garland of six heart-shaped leaves separated from discus by a circular grooved ridge. Slightly concave discus; central filling-hole surrounded by a flat raised band. Medium-length nozzle; flat circular plate around the wick-hole; burn marks. Human head in high relief on nozzle top. Large circular base marked off by one groove.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Side-lugged Asia Minor type

Date: Second century B.C.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Central Anatolia

Parallels: Fischer and Welling 1984, no. 7, pl. 23. For a close heart-shaped motif on the shoulder, see Pontiroli 1980, no. 84, pl. 69; Di Filippo Balestrazzi 1988, vol. 2.2, no. 141, pl. 17. For the handle, see Bailey BM I, pls. 62–67 (Cnidian lamps); Sapelli 1979, no. 75, pl. 7; Pontiroli 1980, no. 84a, pl. 69; Hübinger 1993, no. 79, pl. 10.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

II.B.3 Miscellaneous types of Hellenistic lamps

Among the eighteen lamps presented here, eight have no parallel and cannot be related to any types known in the literature at our disposal; four belong to a recorded type; and six can be related to a presumed type.

The shape of cat. 52, with the nearly vertical sides of its squat and deep basin, is quite unusual among Hellenistic examples. Yet its wide filling-hole and the peculiar shape of its tubular upturned nozzle with the plate around the wick-hole suggest a Hellenistic artifact; but such a nozzle may occur among Anatolian lamps of the second and third centuries A.D. (see cat. 552). No parallel has been found for cat. 52.

The Hellenistic features of cat. 53 are more obvious: its two side-lugs, the radial flute of the shoulder, and the flat plate around its wick-hole.

Cat. 54 with its shallow biconvex body whose upper part is decorated with ribs, and with the circular plate around its wick-hole, is unmistakably Hellenistic. The example can be related to Goldman group XV of “melon lamps.”

Cat. 55—a coarse lamp with biconvex body, a circular groove around the discus, and a round-ended nozzle—seems to be a debased version of a Hellenistic model. Cat. 56, possibly a fake for which no parallel has been found, is undoubtedly related to Hellenistic “Ephesus” models, for it has their triangular nozzle shape. Its peculiar rim is a characteristic of Bruneau type VI “Ariston group” (see Bruneau 1965 and cat. 37 here).

Cat. 57 probably derives from Howland type 49 (“Ephesus” type), which has inspired its nozzle shape, strap handle, and the comic bearded relief mask on its nozzle top. But its rilled shoulder without relief decoration indicates a transitional form that looks ahead to Late Republican and Augustan lamps. The suggested date is first century B.C.

No parallel has been found for cat. 58. The collar encircling the entire lamp is a feature common in Bruneau’s type VI “Ariston group” and in Howland types 52, 54, and 55. On the other hand, its light gray fabric and handle cross-band in the shape of two opposed leaves suggest a Cnidian lamp. The proposed date is second to first century B.C.

With a body halfway between biconvex and biconical, a long round-tipped slightly upturned nozzle, and a strap handle, cat. 59 seems to be Hellenistic. Lyon-Caen’s lamps nos. 125 (from Tarsus) and 127 have about the same volutes on top of the nozzle (Lyon-Caen and Hoff 1986). We are inclined to attribute an Ephesus place of manufacture or origin to cat. 59 and propose a first-century B.C. date.

With their long, slender, anvil-tipped nozzles flanked by volutes, cats. 60 and 61 are typical Egyptian products of the first century B.C., judging from the parallels found.

With its long spade-shaped nozzle cat. 62 belongs to Młynarczyk type A and is another typical Egyptian form. Hayes remarks that the nozzle shape may have been influenced by Hellenistic “Ephesus lamps” (Hayes 1980, no. 131, pl. 13, for a close parallel). Date: first century B.C.

Cat. 63 has a biconical body, long anvil-shaped nozzle, floral shoulder relief, and the almost black slip of Pergamene rather than “Ephesus lamps.” The particular rectangular ridge of its top is reminiscent of an elaborate device (found in bronze lamps) whose function was to close the filling-hole with a sliding lid. In the case of the Getty lamp we suppose that the closing mechanism was replaced by a separate lid in clay, now lost. There are several more or less close parallels to this lamp, most of them from Asia Minor, when their place of manufacture or origin is known. The given date is the second half of the second century B.C. to the first half of the first century B.C., corresponding to a period of intense activity for the Pergamon workshops.

Cat. 64 cannot be related to any existing typologies, but it unquestionably has several Hellenistic features. Its general shape is very similar to Perlzweig 1961, no. 9, pl. 1, with the two halves of a biconvex body decorated with alternating wide and narrow ribs, a long rounded nozzle flanked with double-volutes, and a rosette discus with a relatively small filling-hole. Perlzweig refers to Menzel’s lamp no. 264 from Miletus (Menzel 1969, p. 49, fig. 40), discussed by Loeschcke (Loeschcke 1919, pp. 335–36). Both German authors point to the Hellenistic features of the Miletus lamp, which they date to the second quarter of the first century A.D. An Augustan lamp (Menzel 1969, no. 171, fig. 54.11) is obviously influenced by Hellenistic models with its melon-ribbed body, the rosette decor of its discus, and its volute-nozzle and plastic handle. Other Late Hellenistic lamps, all with a biconvex melon-ribbed body and volute-nozzle, also offer similarities with cat. 64: Schäfer and Marczoch 1990, p. 24, no. 14; Gualandi Genito 1977, no. 94, pl. 19; Heres 1969, no. 175, pl. 18; Cahn-Klaiber 1977, no. 120, pl. 7; and Bailey BM III, Q 2088, pl. 45. A last interesting comparison is a two-nozzle lamp from Pompeii (Regio VIII Insula 4, Caputo and Tamburrelli 2007, fig. 15). If this lamp is an Italic product, still under strong Hellenistic influence, then cat. 64 might be Italic too. The lamps given as parallels are dated from the end of the first century B.C. to the first century A.D.

Cats. 65–67 belong to Goldman’s group IX. Their common feature is a long nozzle flanked by two vertical and parallel volutes. Cat. 65 has a biconical body; cat. 66 a biconvex one; and cat. 67 has a body with rounded sides. All three have ribbon handles. The “thread-binding” seen on the handle of cat. 66 is attested on two similar lamps, one from Delos (Bruneau 1965, no. 4357, pl. 25), the other from Miletus (Menzel 1969, p. 20, no. 58, fig. 16); and on several close parallels, presumably from Antioch-on-the-Orontes (Kassab Tezgör and Sezer 1995, nos. 426–28); and Goldman et al. 1950, lamps nos. 50, 77, 117–18 (from Tarsus). A rosette, close to the one impressed on the base of cat. 66, is shown on Kassab Tezgör and Sezer's lamp no. 426 and on Goldman et al.’s lamp no. 119, from Tarsus. Cat. 65 is molded in a buff, ocher clay with a brown reddish slip, but cats. 66 and 67 have the same gray clay and black metallic glaze typical of “Ephesus” and Pergamene lamps. The three lamps are given the same date: first century B.C.

Cat. 68 is a Late Hellenistic eastern example of a transitional form, announcing the Augustan volute-nozzle Loeschcke type I. It still has the ribbon handle with crossbar often seen on Cnidian lamps as well as on lamps from other eastern workshops. Its shoulder has multiple fine rills and lacks relief decor. It has a flat-bottomed plain discus, small filling-hole, two small air holes, and base-ring. Date: last third of first century B.C.

Cat. 69 shows the transition between Hellenistic lamps and the volute-nozzle lamps of the Augustan period that developed into Loeschcke type I. Among the traces of its Hellenistic antecedents, we may point out the large sunken discus with its still substantial filling-hole surrounded by a ridge, and its carinated body with a small raised base-ring. Its double-volute nozzle has a very unusual flat top. The volute-knobs are linked by a ridge underneath the nozzle. According to Schüller, the place of manufacture or origin of this lamp is Germany. Without any known parallels, the type and date of the lamp are uncertain, and it might be as well classified among Late Republican items as among Hellenistic ones.

52

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.304

Dimensions: L: 6.9 cm; W: 4.9 cm; H: 2.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 2.5YR6/6 light red, uneven traces of slip 10R5/6 red. Uncommon rectangular patch of clay added to rear of body where handle usually is, but it is not a broken strap handle.

Description:
Wheelmade.[1] Deep body broadening toward bottom; two grooves surround the lower part of the basin. Rounded circular rim sloping down to a large filling-hole. Squat short tubular and upturned nozzle with a rounded tip and flat-topped plate—a characteristic feature of some Hellenistic lamps that can occur also on Anatolian lamps of the third to fourth century A.D. Broad circular flat base.

1. We classify this lamp in our section II B 3, miscellaneous types of Hellenistic lamps, despite the fact that, contrary to the others in this section, it seems to be wheelmade and not moldmade.↩

Type: Undetermined

Date: Hellenistic(?) or much later(?)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

53

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.305

Dimensions: L: 7.4 cm; W: 5.8 cm; H: 2.4 cm

Condition and Fabric: Clay 5YR7/4 pink, flaking glaze 10R5/8 red. Loop handle restored.

Description: Moldmade. Biconvex body. Two narrow rectangular side-lugs. Shoulder with a radial fluting. Two rounded rings (the outside one on a higher level) encircling the flat discus pierced by a central filling-hole. Short tubular nozzle; burn marks. Flat circular plate around the large wick-hole. Raised base-ring.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Undetermined

Date: Late second century B.C. to early first century A.D.(?)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

54

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.382

Dimensions: L: 4.3 cm; W: 2.6 cm; H: 1.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Conspicuous crack along joint of left side. Clay 7.5YR5/4 brown, worn glaze 7.5YR 4/4 dark brown.

Description: Moldmade. Miniature lamp. Biconvex shallow body with melon ribs on upper part. Raised ring around the filling-hole. Round-tipped projecting nozzle; circular plate around the wick-hole demarcated by incised circle. Small base marked off by incised groove.

Type: Goldman’s “melon lamps” group XV

Date: A.D. 50–125 (Bailey)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: (Close) Bailey BM III, Q 2646, pl. 73 (Tarsus); Waldhauer 1914, no. 429 (Cilicia); Goldman et al. 1950, nos. 182–84, fig. 100 (Tarsus).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

55

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.380

Dimensions: L: 4.0 cm; W: 2.5 cm; H: 1.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay near 5YR6/6 reddish yellow, worn slip 5YR5/3 reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Miniature lamp. Flattened, slightly biconvex body. Flat discus separated from the shoulder by a groove. Central filling-hole. Round-tipped nozzle. Circular base not well defined.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Undetermined

Date: Late Hellenistic(?)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Southern Anatolia

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

56

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.438.342

Dimensions: L: 11.9 cm; W: 6.6 cm; H: 4.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: Restored and overpainted. Small crack on right rim of bowl. Clay 5YR6/4 light reddish brown on surface, protruding areas near 7.5YR7/0 light gray, uneven slip near 7.5YR6/4 light brown.

Description: Moldmade. Elongated body with sloping sides. Raised edge surrounding the top of the lamp from rear to nozzle—a typical feature of Hellenistic “Ephesus” lamps (cf. cat. 37). Filling-hole at upper part of the edge. The top of the lamp represents an African head in strong relief. The long flat-topped nozzle with a triangular tip seems to project from his mouth, a design also noted elsewhere (see cat. 602). Ovoid raised base-ring.

Type: Form related to Bruneau VI lampes du groupe d’Ariston

Date: Hellenistic (or 20th century A.D., if fake)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

Discussion: A clay analysis could confirm the authenticity of this lamp.

57

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.363

Dimensions: L: 10.5 cm; W: 5.0 cm; H: 2.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Nozzle underside chipped. Clay 2.5YR6/6 light red, much-flaked glaze 10R5/6 red. Mica.

Description: Moldmade. Ribbon handle with two deep grooves. Deep basin. Shoulder with three circular ridges, each marked off by grooves. The discus wall slopes down toward the central flat area, pierced by a filling-hole. Small air hole within circular grooves facing the nozzle. Long round-tipped nozzle; nearly circular plate around the wick-hole; burn marks. On the nozzle neck, a comic mask with a long beard divided into two strands. Raised base-ring marked off by two grooves.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Related to Broneer XIX; Howland 49

Date: First century B.C.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: None given by Schüller. Most probably Asia Minor

Parallels: None found. For the relief-pattern on the nozzle: Hübinger 1993, no. 79, pl. 10, which undoubtedly is a comic mask.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

58

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.413

Dimensions: L: 12.2 cm; W: 7.1 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR5/1 gray, mottled glaze 2.5Y3/0 very dark gray. Gold mica.

Description: Moldmade. Ribbon handle with two deep grooves on both upper and lower parts; transverse horizontal band in the shape of two opposed leaves (typical Cnidian decor). Shallow basin with a curved wall. The top of the lamp, including the nozzle, is surrounded by a raised, inward-slanted edge. Central filling-hole with a lip; four small holes to drain spilled oil. Rounded nozzle of medium length; large wick-hole. Raised base-ring.

Type: Undetermined form, possibly related to Bruneau VI lampes du groupe d’Ariston(?)

Date: Second to first century B.C.(?)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

59

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.313

Dimensions: L: 11.2 cm; W: 6.5 cm; H: 3.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR6/4, glaze originally 2.5YR5/6 light reddish brown, unevenly applied, in parts burned dark.

Description: Moldmade. Ribbon handle with two grooves. Shoulder with radial fluting. Circular ridge separating the shoulder from the discus. Concave discus with central filling-hole. Medium-length round-tipped slightly upturned nozzle; the nozzle neck has two curved grooves, suggesting two volutes. Raised base-ring.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Undetermined

Date: First century B.C.(?)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: None found; (close) Goldman et al. 1950, no. 72, fig. 95; Lyon-Caen and Hoff 1986, p. 56, no. 125; both lamps with volutes (Tarsus).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

60

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.336

Dimensions: L: 12.6 cm; W: 7.3 cm; H: 3.2 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay between 10YR6/1 and 10YR6/2 light gray and light brownish gray, glaze 7.5YR4/2 dark brown.

Description: Moldmade. Wide shoulder with an inner row of tongues separated by a twisted cord from an outer downward-sloping row of small semicircles. Circular carinated flat body with large dolphin-shaped lug, pierced diagonally, rising steeply from shoulder on the left side. Slightly concave small discus, separated from the shoulder by a raised ring. Central filling-hole surrounded by a ring. Exceptionally long nozzle with a splayed spade-shaped tip; on its top, a thin U-shaped ridge, whose ends terminate in curled volutes on shoulder; torch motif between voluted ridges. Raised oval base-ring marked off by two grooves.

Type: Related to Petrie’s group of “Dolphin lamps”

Date: First century B.C. (Hayes)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: Kaufmann 1913, fig. 127, the second lamp in the top left row (Egypt); Bailey BM I, Q 556 (Egypt); Rosenthal and Sivan 1978, p. 14, no. 26. For a close shape: Hayes 1980, nos. 90–91, pl. 10 (Ptolemaic lamps); Selesnow 1988, nos. 25, 27, 30.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

61

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.381

Dimensions: L: 6.1 cm; W: 3.6 cm; H: 1.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Left side of basin chipped. Clay 7.5YR6/2 pinkish gray, glaze originally 5YR5/3 reddish brown, partially burned black on lamp top and nozzle sides. Gold mica.

Description: Moldmade. Miniature lamp. Shallow body with rounded wall. Large concave discus with a small central filling-hole. Slightly raised narrow plain shoulder. Long slender nozzle with an anvil-shaped tip, flanked by two volutes whose knobs are attached to each side of the rim; deep vertical groove on top of nozzle from rim to wick-hole. Flat base-ring.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Form undetermined, related to Młynarczyk C IV (Młynarczyk 1997, p. 128, fig. 2)

Date: First century B.C.(?)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: None found. The slim narrow nozzle suggests an Egyptian Hellenistic lamp.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

62

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.359

Dimensions: L: 8.3 cm; W: 5.1 cm; H: 2.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Large part of discus missing. Clay 7.5YR6/4 light brown, glaze 2.5YR5/4 reddish brown with burned areas. Mica.

Description: Moldmade. Biconical body. Pierced lug on left side close to nozzle. Circular ridge marked off by an outer groove surrounding the slightly concave discus. Medium-length tubular nozzle with a broad overhanging spade-shaped tip; very small wick-hole. Raised circular base.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus?

Type: Młynarczyk A

Date: First century B.C.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: (Close) Waldhauer 1914, no. 121, pl. 10 (Egypt); Goldman et al. 1950, no. 184, fig. 100 (Tarsus); Hayes 1980, no. 95, pl. 10, and no. 131, pl. 13 (Egypt); Młynarczyk 1997, p. 130, no. 13, fig. 13 (Egypt).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

63

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.334

Dimensions: L: 10.3 cm; W: 7.1 cm; H: 3.2 cm

Condition and Fabric: Clay near 10YR6/3 pale brown, no slip, surface burned dark. Silver mica.

Description: Moldmade. Biconical shallow body. Instead of a round discus, a rectangular space, defined by a thick U-shaped ridge, is pierced in its center by the filling-hole. Shoulder with relief vegetal pattern; distinct ridge between upper and lower body. Medium-long broad nozzle with an anvil-shaped tip; large wick-hole; on nozzle top two curved thin ridges suggest volutes. Raised blurred oval base-ring.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Undetermined

Date: Second half of second century B.C. to first half of first century B.C.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: None found; (relatively close) Lyon-Caen and Hoff 1986, pp. 61–62, no. 143 (from Asia Minor); Bailey BM I, Q 475, refers to lamp no. 8191 in the Benaki Museum in Athens; Heres 1969, no. 123 (Pergamon); Oziol 1977, nos. 144–45 (Cyprus); Di Filippo Balestrazzi 1988, vol. 2.2, no. 143, pl. 17; Brants 1913, no. 111.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

Discussion: The special form of the top of this lamp is reminiscent of an elaborate device found on bronze lamps whose function was to close the filling-hole with a sliding lid. Here the closing system was possibly replaced by a now-lost separate lid.

64

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.366

Dimensions: L: 12.7 cm; W: 6.9 cm; H: 3.9 cm

Condition and Fabric: Pierced ring handle broken off (possibly with missing ornament). Clay 5YR6/8 reddish yellow, a few traces of original glaze 10R5/8 red on bottom; considerable darkened areas near 2.5YR3/0 very dark gray. Mica.

Description: Moldmade. Biconvex body with substantial melon-shaped ribs. Small filling-hole surrounded by incised rosette with sixteen petals swirling counterclockwise. Two large volutes with slanted sides and flaring widely upward decorate a medium-length rounded nozzle. Slightly raised base-ring marked off by one outer groove.

Type: Undetermined

Date: Late first century B.C. to first century A.D.(?)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Central Anatolia

Parallels: None found, but a smaller bronze lamp in Kassel is related: Bieber 1915, p. 94, no. 431, pl. LIV (rosette around wick-hole instead of around filling-hole, handle missing); the scalloped outline seems better suited for bronze production; Bieber mentions a further example in Naples, from Herculaneum.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

65

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.354

Dimensions: L: 10.1 cm; W: 5.3 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Upper part of broken nozzle tip missing. Clay near 5YR6/4 light reddish brown, mottled glaze 10R5/6 red.

Description: Moldmade. Biconvex body. Ribbon handle with five incised grooves on upper part, three on lower; central part with herringbone-pattern. Shoulder with an olive-leaf wreath. Grooved ridge separating the shoulder from large filling-hole surrounded by an inward-sloping area. Two long double-volutes, with slanted sides, between the discus and the rounded nozzle tip. Slightly raised base-ring.

Type: Goldman group IX; Baur III

Date: First century B.C.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: Loeschcke 1919, p. 462, no. 1078, pl. XXIII; Broneer 1930, no. 367, pl. 6; Waagé 1934, no. 1853, pl. 7; Waagé 1941, p. 62, nos. 71–76, fig. 76 (Antioch-on-the-Orontes); Baur 1947, pp. 7–8, nos. 7–18, pl. 1 (Dura Europos), dated second half of first century B.C. to end of first century A.D.; Goldman et al. 1950, no. 61, fig. 95, and nos. 117–23, figs. 96–97 (Tarsus), dated first half of first century A.D.; Bovon 1966, p. 37, no. 207, pl. 5 (imported from Asia Minor); Rosenthal and Sivan 1978, p. 18, no. 38; (close) Djuric 1995, p. 59, no. C 171, with pierced ring handle; Kassab Tezgör and Sezer 1995, no. 426 (presumed workshop in Antioch-on-the-Orontes).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

66

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.331

Dimensions: L: 11.0 cm; W: 5.9 cm; H: 3.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Upper part of nozzle tip missing. Clay near 10YR6/1 light gray, glaze 2.5YR4/0 dark gray.

Description: Moldmade. Ribbon handle with decorated section at upper handle base: horizontal cross-bindings and, below, tightly placed bifurcated lines; rest of handle in three ridges, the outer ones marked by small slanted lines; at bottom, three horizontal ridges. (For a similar binding on a ribbon handle, see Goldman et al. 1950, no. 50, fig. 94, and nos. 117–18, fig. 96, from Tarsus.) Biconvex body. Shoulder with raised vegetal patterns and unidentified objects. Medium-length rounded nozzle flanked by two voluted ridges (similar to cat. 65). Raised base-ring; within, an incised rosette of narrow, pointed petals.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Striated wreath between two raised rings.

Type: Goldman (1950) group IX

Date: First century B.C.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Northern Anatolia

Parallels: (Close) Baur 1947, nos. 11–12 (Dura Europos); (identical) Bruneau 1965, no. 4357, pl. 25 (Delos); Menzel 1969, p. 20, no. 58, fig. 16 (Miletus); (close) Kassab Tezgör and Sezer 1995, nos. 426–28: no. 426 has a rosette on its base, no. 428 has the similar cross-binding on the handle; both have long volutes on the nozzles; the authors presume a Syrian workshop (Antioch-on-the-Orontes[?]); Goldman et al. 1950, no. 119, fig. 97, has a close rosette on the base of a similar type lamp (Tarsus); Rosenthal and Sivan 1978, p. 18, no. 38, similar type with rosette on base. (Near) Museum of Art and Archaeology, University of Missouri–Columbia, accession no. 70.121, with same rosette on base.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

67

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.348

Dimensions: L: 12.1 cm; W: 6.0 cm; H: 2.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Tip of nozzle and right side of basin slightly chipped; small hole in basin center. Clay 10YR7/1 light gray, glaze 7.5YR4/0 dark gray.

Description: Moldmade. Ribbon handle divided by five grooves, the center one deeper. The shoulder consists of an outer narrow ridge marked off by a groove and an inner twisted cord and a row of globules. Two round knobs, within a ring, are applied on the shoulder of the lamp at the junction of the handle. Rounded body. The wide-open mouth of the mask serves as a filling-hole; row of globules partly surrounding the mask. Long round-tipped nozzle; conspicuous double-volute made of two lines on either side of the nozzle. Raised base-ring composed of two rings; inside deeply sunk flower with six petals.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Grimacing comic theater mask.

Type: Goldman group IX

Date: First century B.C.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: None found; (close) Oziol 1977, no. 903, pl. 49.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

68

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.410

Dimensions: L: 18.5 cm; W: 10.5 cm; H: 4.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Clay 5YR6/6 reddish yellow, glaze 2.5YR6/8 light red.

Description: Moldmade. Ribbon handle with three deep grooves and a cross-band. Body with a curved wall. Shoulder with several rills and two inward-sloping moldings. Flat discus with a small central filling-hole; tiny air hole at the lower edge. Medium-length nozzle flanked by double-volutes with slanted sides; another tiny air hole on the nozzle top. Narrow base-ring marked off by two circular grooves; inner ridge.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Related to Goldman group IX(?)

Date: First century B.C.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Southern Anatolia

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

69

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.445

Dimensions: L: 14.0 cm; W: 10.1 cm; H: 4.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Chips and cracks on rim. Clay near 10YR8/3 very pale brown, thick glaze 2.5YR5/6 red.

Description: Moldmade. Large circular top with convex rim. Slightly depressed discus. Central filling-hole surrounded by a ridge. Flat-topped nozzle with a rounded tip and circular wick-hole, flanked by volutes. Inner volute-knobs joined by a ridge below nozzle. Vertical furrow on the flat nozzle top. Small raised base-ring.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Undetermined

Date: Hellenistic, first century B.C.(?)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Cologne (Germany)

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

Discussion: The completely flat top of the nozzle on this lamp is a striking and very uncommon feature.

III.A.a.1 Dressel type 2 (Warzenlampen)

Lamps of this type are characterized by a rounded body, ribbon handle, and, in most cases, one side-lug—a lingering characteristic of Hellenistic lamps. The shoulder and often the lower sides of the basin are decorated with rows of closely spaced globules (Warzen, warts), hence the appellation Warzenlampe. The flat-topped nozzle is long, with beveled sides and a splayed end terminating in two blunt obtuse angles. The concave discus may be decorated with one or several rings. The base-ring often bears a workshop mark consisting of a letter (most often N or R) or various combinations of impressed points. The production originated in central Italy about 70 B.C. and was soon diffused mainly to Gaul, Spain, the Italian isles, and Africa. When first produced, the lamps were covered with black slip or glaze, which by 50 B.C. was progressively replaced by a red one. The production lasted to the end of the reign of Augustus.

70

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.357

Dimensions: L: 12.6 cm; W: 7.6 cm; H: 3.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay near 5YR7/6 reddish yellow, glaze mostly 10R5/6 red; much burned over nozzle, side, and handle.

Description: Moldmade. Ribbon handle with one groove. Shoulder and basin are covered with rows of closely spaced globules. Unpierced lug on the left side. Flat-bottom discus with an inner concave bowl, pierced by a small filling-hole. Air hole flanked by two small dotted circles on upper part of nozzle neck. Medium-length flat-topped nozzle with beveled sides and splayed tip with blunt obtuse end and burn marks. Raised base-ring around ten small incised circles arranged unevenly.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Dressel 2; Deneauve II

Date: 70 B.C. to A.D. 15

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Italy

Parallels: Wollman 1924, pl. 6.3; Ricci 1973, p. 184, fig. 7, see her discussion of the type pp. 182–87; Zaccaria Ruggiu 1973, p. 484; Joly 1974, pl. 1.8 (Sabratha); Bailey BM I, Q 711, pls. 2 and 132, with further comparanda; Fabbricotti 1976, pl. 96.2; Bonghi Jovino 1977, no. 5.CM 2629, pl. 113; Gualandi Genito 1977, no. 112, pl. 21; Rosenthal and Sivan 1978, p. 16, no. 32; Pontiroli 1980, no. 68, pl. 55; Zaccaria Ruggiu 1980, pp. 61, 70, 74; Di Filippo Balestrazzi 1988, vol. 2.2, no. 176, pl. 23; Pavolini 1990, p. 109, fig. 2.7 (thorough study of the type); Puya García de Leániz 1991, nos. 16–17, pl. 2; Palanques 1992, pl. 2; Hübinger 1993, no. 97, pl. 11; Bussière 2000, pp. 246–47, nos. P261–P296; Robin Petitot 2000, pp. 44–45, nos. 12–15; Bémont 2002, nos. 18–39, pl. 3.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

71

Inventory Number: 91.AQ.48

Dimensions: L: 12.0 cm; W: 7.6 cm; H: 3.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Nozzle underside chipped. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, glaze 2.5YR5/8 red, very few patches left.

Description: Moldmade. Ribbon handle with two deep grooves. Shoulder and wall of basin decorated with rows of closely spaced globules. Unpierced lug on left side of the body. Slightly sunken discus with one concentric ridge around a small central filling-hole. Medium-length flat-topped nozzle with a splayed tip and blunt obtuse end; burn marks. Raised base-ring.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Dressel 2; Deneauve II

Date: 70 B.C. to A.D. 15

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Italy

Parallels: Bailey BM I, Q 712, pl. 132; Seidel 2002, no. 21; Bémont 2002, nos. 21–39, pl. 3. See more comparanda given for the similar lamp cat. 70.

Provenance: – 1991, Dr. M.C. Zimmerman, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1991.

Bibliography: Acquisitions/1991, p. 147, no. 31.

III.A.a.2 Dressel type 3

Lamps of this type have a rounded body and most often a ribbon handle; broad, slightly concave discus usually decorated with stylized floral patterns, marine creatures, or beasts, often in a pronounced relief; ear handles on both sides; anvil-shaped nozzle with slightly curved tip. A transitional form with ill-defined volutes hesitates between Dressel type 3 (derived from an older Hellenistic form) and Loeschcke type I, which it anticipates. This form has been redefined by Ricci as Dressel type 3 A (Ricci 1973, p. 199). A slightly raised circular base may bear a lampmaker’s mark, letters, or groups of small circles, as seen on Dressel type 2. The prevalent color of the glaze is red orange. The production area is central Italy, perhaps Rome itself, and the distribution area comprises mostly the western part of the Mediterranean basin. With the increase of Roman domination, the trade of this type of lamp transcends the coastal regions and penetrates to the interior: to the Rhone Valley, central Gaul, and the Rhine region. The type is soon imitated north of the Alps. In the east a few sporadic examples are recorded in Athens and on Corfu and Delos. The chronology is close to that of Dressel type 2: 90/80 B.C. to A.D. 10. The variant Ricci-Dressel 3 A, illustrated by cat. 73, belongs to the end of this period.

72

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.364

Dimensions: L: 10.3 cm; W: 7.5 cm; H: 3.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR7/4 pink, glaze 10R5/8 red, with a few dark burned patches.

Description: Moldmade. Band handle with two deep median grooves. Deep body with two rectangular ear lugs with two short straight grooves; a dot between the grooves. Slightly sunken discus with a small central filling-hole surrounded by two descending bands. Fairly large air hole pierced through lower part of the shoulder. Flat-topped short splayed nozzle with beveled sides and curved end; three small impressed circles near the junction of nozzle and rim. Raised base-ring. In center, potter’s incuse mark: large letter N (central bar reversed) and six small dotted circles.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Dressel 3; Deneauve III

Date: 90/80 B.C. to 10 B.C. (Pavolini); 90/80 B.C. to A.D. 10 (Ricci)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Italy

Parallels: Loeschcke, Willers, and Niessen 1911, nos. 1737–38, pl. 79; Brants 1913, no. 153, pl. 147; Palol 1950, nos. 9–11, fig. 101, and no. 12, fig. 102; Fernández Chicarro 1956, nos. 4–5, fig. 44; Deneauve 1969, nos. 272–73, pl. 34 (Carthage); Ricci 1973, pp. 193–98, figs. 14–15, discussion of the type; Zaccaria Ruggiu 1973, p. 485, 3), Lucerne con alette laterali; Bailey BM I, Q 726, pl. 134; Gualandi Genito 1977, no. 108, pl. 20; Zaccaria Ruggiu 1977, p. 297, 6), Lucerne con alette laterali; Rosenthal and Sivan 1978, p. 16, no. 33; Pontiroli 1980, no. 69, pl. 57 (Cremona); Hayes 1980, no. 210, pl. 21; Antico Gallina 1985, nos. 26–28, pl. 19; Bémont and Lahanier 1985, p. 235, no. 108; Hellmann 1987, no. 43, pl. 5; Di Filippo Balestrazzi 1988, vol. 2.2, no. 178, pl. 24 (Aquileia); Castro Nunes, Guerra, and Fabião 1990, no. 8, fig. 5 (Portugal); Pavolini 1990, p. 109, discussion of the type, p. 106, fig. 2.8; Puya García de Leániz 1991, no. 23, pl. 3; Hübinger 1993, no. 108, pl. 13; Mlasowsky 1993, p. 47, no. 38; Bussière 1995, fig. 12; Bémont and Chew 2007, p. 436, pl. 11, ITP 8. For the base mark only: Bussière 1995, p. 259, table 3, and fig. 10.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

73

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.367

Dimensions: L: 11.4 cm; W: 6.2 cm; H: 3.1 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, uneven glaze mostly 2.5YR5/6 red, with a few areas burned dark.

Description: Moldmade. Band handle with a deep median furrow decorated with a row of impressed circles. No side-lugs, contrary to the characteristic feature of Dressel 3. Narrow shoulder with cabled band. Slightly depressed discus. Flat-top splayed nozzle with blunt end. On each side of nozzle top, a groove ending in a volute at its junction with the body. Small ill-defined volutes continue below the nozzle with a rib—a common feature on some eastern lamp types. Raised base-ring; inside it, one small, off-center, incised circle.

Discus Iconography: Palm wreath.

Type: Dressel 3 A

Date: Ca. 50 B.C. to A.D. 10 (Ricci)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Italy

Parallels: Genin 1994, nos. 368, 370 (different discus decors but similar nozzle).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

III.A.a.3 Dressel type 4 (Vogelkopflampe)

Lamps of this type have a deep rounded body; ribbon handle; and splayed, blunt nozzle, whose top has a relief decoration consisting of two stylized bird’s heads turned in opposite directions—hence their German appellation. The plain, slightly concave discus is surrounded by a wide, inward-sloping shoulder decorated with several concentric rings or one or two twisted cords or bands of closely spaced rays. The base is always flat, mostly circular, sometimes oval, and may bear incised workshop marks. Prevalent in central Italy, Vogelkopflampen are found also in Sicily, Sardinia, and on the Gallic, Iberian, and African coasts. Following the Roman military conquests of Spain and Gaul, the lamps penetrated further inland and into the Rhone and Rhine Valleys, where they were later locally imitated. They date to the Augustan period.

74

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.365

Dimensions: L: 13.0 cm; W: 6.7 cm; H: 3.4 cm

Condition and Fabric: A few cracks on discus, nozzle top, and underside; handle restored. Clay 7.5YR8/2 pinkish gray, a few traces of glaze varying between 5YR4/2 and 5YR7/8 dark reddish gray and reddish yellow.

Description: Moldmade. Ribbon handle with a median groove. Deep body. Inward-sloping plain shoulder. Between shoulder and discus, a cable band and outer groove. Depressed flat-bottomed discus with central filling-hole. Flat, splayed nozzle with blunt end; nozzle top has two stylized bird’s heads turned in opposite directions, separated by a grooved channel extending from discus to wick-hole. Raised circular base defined by one groove.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Dressel 4

Date: Augustan

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Italy

Parallels: Ricci 1973, fig. 21; Bailey BM I, p. 352, Q 744; Ramos Fernández 1975, p. 281, fig. 1; Sena Chiesa 1977, no. 15, CM 2831, pl. 113; Gualandi Genito 1977, no. 117, pl. 22; Leibundgut 1977, nos. 1–2, pl. 6; Rosenthal and Sivan 1978, p. 17, no. 36; Zaccaria Ruggiu 1980, p. 64, no. 86; Goethert-Polaschek 1985, nos. 5 and 7–8, pl. 16; Bémont and Lahanier 1985, p. 235, no. 3215, fig. 7; Di Filippo Balestrazzi 1988, vol. 2.2, no. 179, pl. 24; Puya García de Leániz 1991, nos. 31–33, pl. 5; Palanques 1992, nos. 75, 78–80, 83, and 87–88, pl. 3; Hübinger 1993, no. 103, pl. 12; Morillo Cerdán 1996, p. 114, nos. 187, 254, fig. 4, and p. 115, nos. 226, 233, fig. 5; Robin Petitot 2000, pp. 45–46, nos. 20–26; Bémont 2002, no. 56, pl. 5.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

III.A.a.4 Bailey type M (i) (late Vogelkopflampe)

This type is derived from the earlier Dressel type 4. Its most characteristic features are a transverse pierced handle; broad anvil-shaped nozzle with slightly curved tip; and concave plain discus, separated from the flat, plain shoulder by a curved groove. This groove extends into a series of four to six vertical notches displayed along a horizontal line at the base of the nozzle. One can see in this design the ultimate stylization of the earlier two bird’s heads flanking a narrow channel on Dressel type 4 lamps. The flat base often bears a great variety of incuse marks of lampmakers, the majority of them being central Italian, active from the Late Flavian to the Hadrianic period. Derived from the earlier form of Vogelkopflampen first made in Campania, the type was broadly diffused in the western part of the Mediterranean basin, in Italy, Sicily, the Iberian peninsula, Africa, Gaul, Switzerland, and Germany, where it was locally imitated. Outside this area, one example has been found in Corfu. Chronology of the type: Flavian to Hadrianic (Bailey).

75

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.388

Dimensions: L: 8.2 cm; W: 5.5 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR7/2 pinkish gray, selfslip.

Description: Moldmade. Transverse vertical pierced handle. Body with sloping sides. Slightly concave filling-hole area. Between it and the nozzle, a transverse line flanked by a row of four notches. From the middle of this row, a groove splits into two curved branches surrounding the filling-hole area. Broad short splayed nozzle with a slightly curved tip and sharp side angles; burn marks. Flat oval base.

Type: Bailey M (late Vogelkopflampen)

Date: Flavian to Hadrianic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Italy

Parallels: Brants 1913, no. 145, pl. 1; Bernhard 1955, nos. 215–16, pls. 42–43; Fernández Chicarro 1956, no. 811, fig. 44; Haken 1958, pp. 34–38; Ponsich 1965, no. 6, pl. 1; Colini 1966–68; Pisani Sartorio 1969–70; Deneauve 1969, no. 271, pl. 34; Menzel 1969, p. 24, nos. 76–78, fig. 22; Bailey BM I, Q 744, pls. 137, 150; Gualandi Genito 1977, nos. 121–23, pls. 22–23; Bailey BM II, Q 1153–Q 1156, pl. 50 (central Italy); Rosenthal and Sivan 1978, p. 17, no. 37; Pavolini 1980, pp. 61–63, pl. 15, fig. 1; Zaccaria Ruggiu 1980, p. 56, no. 98, p. 57, no. 105, and pp. 66–70, nos. 95–114; Gualandi Genito 1986, p. 115, no. 10; Di Filippo Balestrazzi 1988, vol. 2.2, no. 180, pl. 24; Amaré Tafalla 1988, fig. 240.2; Larese and Sgreva 1996, pp. 179–80, nos. 272–81; Bémont and Chew 2007, p. 454, pl. 29, IT 110.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

III.A.b Augustan and Imperial Lamps

The lamps of Loeschcke type I, mostly without handle, are characterized by a circular body and fairly wide nozzle with obtuse-angle tip, flanked by two volutes. This latter major feature was already anticipated in the Republican Ricci-Dressel type 3 A lamps. Cat. 73, dated 50 B.C. to A.D. 10, clearly shows the evolution of Hellenistic types into the voluted Italian type Loeschcke I. Created in the Early Augustan period, the type lasted until the end of the Flavian period. It is already scarce in the eruption layer in Pompeii. Within the type one can trace several signs of an early date: smaller nozzle, deep body, thin wall, narrow shoulder, closely spaced rills encircling the discus, a tapering channel between the discus and the nozzle, and a slightly raised base-ring instead of a flat base marked off by one circular groove; this is a common feature on later examples, as is the occasional presence of a handle.

Loeschcke created three divisions for his type I (I A, I B, I C), taking into account the size and shape of the nozzle and the angle made by two ideal straight lines joining the volute spines to the nozzle tip angles (fig. 1). These subdivisions follow more or less a chronological sequence. Goethert-Polaschek has rightly added an intermediary nozzle shape B/C, whose two lines are often nearly parallel (Goethert-Polaschek 1985, p. 16, fig. 7). This distinction is not found in Bailey BM II, which was published earlier.

Fig. 1. Loeschcke I nozzle forms, including Goethert-Polaschek variant B/C. Drawing by Jean-Claude Rivel, adapted from Loeschcke 1919, fig. 1, p. 213.

We adopt Goethert-Polaschek’s revised classification (fig. 2) as well as her revision of Loeschcke’s shoulder forms (Goethert-Polaschek 1985, p. 16, fig. 8). We will also refer to Bailey’s type A ( = Loeschcke type I), which is divided into six groups (Bailey BM II, pp. 126–52).

Loeschcke type I, first developed in Italy, became extremely popular and was diffused to all parts of the Roman Empire through either export or local imitation.

Information about the place of manufacture or origin of the lamps is sometimes missing, but out of seventy-one lamps in the Getty collection of Loeschcke type I, thirty-seven most probably have an eastern place of manufacture or origin, thirty-four an Italic or African one. The places of manufacture or origin indicated in the catalogue entries are those given by the collectors, chiefly Schüller (see also Index of Donors and Vendors).

Because the Getty lamps lack archaeological context information, the dates given follow those of other publications, mainly Bailey BM II.

Fig. 2. Loeschcke shoulder forms, including Goethert-Polaschek variants. Drawing by Jean-Claude Rivel, adapted from Loeschcke 1919, fig. 2, p. 213.

76

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.8

Dimensions: L: 11.0 cm; W: 8.5 cm; H: 3.2 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR6/3 light reddish brown, unevenly applied and preserved glaze, mostly 5YR4/1 dark gray on upper part and side.

Description: Moldmade. Voluted lug handle on each side. Flat shoulder with a rounded outer ridge and four rills. Flat-bottomed discus with sloping walls. Central filling-hole surrounded by two thin ridges encircling the filling-hole. V-shaped channel between discus and nozzle; relief club with cross-markings in the middle of the channel. Air hole above club. Splayed volute-nozzle with a curved tip. Raised base-ring.

Discus Iconography: Radial pattern in central section within two circular grooves.

Type: Loeschcke I A; Bailey A group i

Date: Augustan to Tiberian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: None found; (close) Bailey BM II, Q 755, pl. 1, with two lug handles, V-shaped channel decorated with club with cross-markings, and similar molding encircling filling-hole.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

77

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.50

Dimensions: L: 9.6 cm; W: 7.0 cm; H: 2.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR6/2 light brownish gray, mottled glaze, mostly 10YR4/2 dark grayish brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Shoulder of Loeschcke form I interrupted by a V-shaped channel between discus and nozzle. Central filling-hole surrounded by three concentric ridges. Splayed volute-nozzle with angular tip. Raised base-ring marked off by two circular grooves.

Discus Iconography: Lamp with angular nozzle and crescent-handle ornament.

Type: Loeschcke I A; Bailey A group i

Date: Augustan to Tiberian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Loeschcke 1919, no. 461, pl. XVII (Loeschcke IV); Fremersdorf 1922, p. 94, type 25; Righini 1966, no. 26, fig. 7 (Faenza); (identical) Deneauve 1969, no. 338, pl. 39; Bémont 2002, no. 177, pl. 17; (close) Bémont and Chew 2007, p. 474, pl. 49, GA 155 (Loeschcke IV); cat. 78.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

78

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.69

Dimensions: L: 10.1 cm; W: 7.3 cm; H: 3.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Thin crack between wick-hole and center of discus; back of lamp restored; overpainted. Clay 7.5YR6/4 light brown, glaze near 5YR5/4 reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Inward-sloping shoulder of Loeschcke form II a, interrupted by a V-shaped channel between discus and nozzle. Central filling-hole surrounded by three concentric ridges. Splayed volute-nozzle with angular tip. Raised base-ring marked off by two circular grooves.

Discus Iconography: Lamp with angular nozzle and crescent-handle ornament.

Type: Loeschcke I A; Bailey A group i

Date: Augustan to Tiberian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: Loeschcke 1919, no. 461, pl. XVII (Loeschcke type IV); Fremersdorf 1922, p. 94, type 25; (identical) Deneauve 1969, no. 338, pl. 39; Bémont and Chew 2007, p. 474, pl. 49, GA 155 (Loeschcke IV); cat. 77, similar but not from same mold.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

79

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.32

Dimensions: L: 11.5 cm; W: 8.3 cm; H: 3.0 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR7/3 very pale brown, very flaked remains of glaze near 10YR5/2 grayish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder of Loeschcke form II a interrupted by a short channel between deep discus and nozzle. Tiny air hole in channel. Central filling-hole surrounded by two narrow, concentric ridges. Splayed volute-nozzle with an angular tip; burn marks. Raised base-ring.

Discus Iconography: Leaf branches, two pairs of birds, each flanking a pomegranate.

Type: Loeschcke I A; Bailey A group i

Date: Augustan to Tiberian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: Cologne Museum, Wollman collection, nos. 40, 54.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

80

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.39

Dimensions: L: 11.0 cm; W: 8.0 cm; H: 3.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Chips on left shoulder. Clay 5YR7/4 pink, glaze 5YR4/4 reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder of Loeschcke form II b, slightly inward sloping, interrupted by a V-shaped channel between discus and nozzle. Splayed volute-nozzle with curved rather than angular tip. Raised base-ring marked off by two circular grooves.

Discus Iconography: Togated bust of Augustus in pronounced relief to left within laurel wreath. He is holding a globe in his left hand and an object interpreted as a ladle in his right.

Type: Loeschcke I A; Bailey A group i

Date: Augustan to Tiberian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Southern Anatolia

Parallels: (Identical discus) Williams 1981, p. 16, no. 54, pl. 2 (Kenchreai).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

Discussion: Williams 1981 connected the discus decor to “a group of pottery emblemata published by V. von Gonzenbach, ‘Genius Augusti-Theos Sebastos,’ Opuscula (Carolo Kerenyi dedicata), Stockholm Studies in Classical Archaeology 5 (1968), pp. 81–117; most of these are in the Athenian Agora but on them Augustus holds a lituus instead of a ladle.”

81

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.144

Dimensions: L: 11.9 cm; W: 7.2 cm; H: 3.0 cm

Condition and Fabric: Scratches on shoulder; from very worn mold. Clay 5YR6/6 reddish yellow, glaze partly same color, partly darkened 5YR4/3 reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Ribbon handle with three grooves. Inward-sloping shoulder of Loeschcke form I, interrupted by a V-shaped channel between discus and nozzle. Splayed volute-nozzle with angular tip; burn marks. Blurred, raised base-ring.

Discus Iconography: Blurred wading bird to left.

Type: Loeschcke I A; Bailey A group i

Date: Mid-first century A.D.(?)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Unknown

Parallels: (Close) Di Filippo Balestrazzi 1988, vol. 2.2, no. 205, pl. 31, same bird accompanied by a plant; see her motif III.b.2.1. For other wading birds, see Goethert-Polaschek 1985, pl. 41, and Leibundgut 1977, pl. 51, on different types of lamps; Bochum Museum, Schüller Collection, cat. no. 234, S 649 (Loeschcke I) (Germany).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

Discussion: The unusual presence of a handle on this lamp, mostly limited to Loeschcke type I C, suggests a slightly later date than the other examples of Bailey type A group i.

82

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.395

Dimensions: L: 10.2 cm; W: 7.0 cm; H: 3.0 cm

Condition and Fabric: Thin cracks on nozzle; handle broken off; top has modern overpaint. Clay near 7.5YR7/4 pink, glaze mottled, mostly 2.5YR6/6 light red.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Flat shoulder with several rills close to Loeschcke form I. Slightly depressed discus. V-shaped channel between discus and nozzle. Splayed volute-nozzle curved at tip; burn marks. Slightly concave base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Erotic scene in pronounced relief with two lovers on a bed, the woman is lying and her mate is kneeling, holding up her legs.

Type: Loeschcke I A; Bailey A group i

Date: Mid-first century A.D., given the presence of a handle and the weight of the lamp

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Unknown

Parallels: Bailey BM II, Q 882, pl. 13 (Loeschcke IV), and Q 979, pl. 24 (Loeschcke V). To the numerous parallels given by Bailey, p. 65, add Hellmann 1987, no. 173, pl. 29 (fr.); Bussière 2000, no. 347, pl. 36 (Loeschcke IV), decor II.f.2.(4), p. 193.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

83

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.9

Dimensions: L: 11.0 cm; W: 7.6 cm; H: 3.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Nozzle restored. Clay near 5YR6/1 light gray, glaze 5YR4/1 dark gray, burned.

Description: Moldmade. Raised rounded edge surrounding the circular top of the lamp. Inward-sloping shoulder with a row of ovolos between one exterior ridge and three interior thin descending ridges. Flat-bottomed discus with a large filling-hole and a small air hole surrounded by inner row of small ovolos. V-shaped channel between discus and nozzle. Splayed volute-nozzle curved at tip with prominent volute-spines. Raised base-ring enclosing potter’s mark: ΠΥ.

Discus Iconography: Frog in pronounced relief, head facing nozzle.

Type: Loeschcke I A; Bailey A group i

Date: Augustan to Tiberian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: None found; (near) Bussière 2000, p. 249, no. 6, and p. 206, decor III.d.1.(1); for the frog motif, see Di Filippo Balestrazzi 1988, vol. 2.2, no. 857, pl. 133, motif III.a.8.2; Heimerl 2001, no. 865, pl. 19 (fr.).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

84

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.7

Dimensions: L: 10.1 cm; W: 7.9 cm; H: 2.9 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR6/6 reddish yellow, mottled glaze between 5YR6/2 and 5YR6/4 pinkish gray and light reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade. A raised edge surrounds the circular top of the lamp. Inward-sloping shoulder with a row of ovolos between two thin ridges, the inner one beaded. Flat discus pierced by two symmetrical filling-holes. Splayed volute-nozzle curved at tip with prominent volute-spines. Between them several curved lines and an air hole. Raised base-ring. Two volute-knobs joined together by two semicircular thin ridges under nozzle.

Discus Iconography: Frontal Silenus head in pronounced relief. Elaborate vine wreath.

Type: Loeschcke I A variant

Date: Augustan to Tiberian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: None found. For closely similar representations of the discus decor only, see Rodríguez Martín 2002, nos. 49–50, pl. 13.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

Discussion: Despite the fact that it lacks the typical V-shaped channel, this lamp is best classified as a variant of Loeschcke type I A = Bailey type A group i. The small size of its nozzle, the peculiar shape of its volutes, and their junction under the nozzle prevent it from being assigned to Loeschcke type I B.

85

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.1

Dimensions: L: 11.1 cm; W: 7.9 cm; H: 2.9 cm

Condition and Fabric: Clay 7.5YR7/2 pinkish gray, uneven glaze, mostly 7.5YR5/2 brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Intact. Inward-sloping shoulder with five rills. Off-center filling-hole. Air hole on nozzle top unexpectedly large and rectangular. Splayed angular nozzle with volutes and prominent volute-spines. Three concentric base-rings. Illegible potter’s mark in relief.

Discus Iconography: Relief of half-nude tipsy Silenus sitting on a mule, holding in his left hand a thyrsus resting on his shoulder; animal skin hanging from the thyrsus; a jug of wine is in his right hand.

Type: Loeschcke I B; Bailey A group ii

Date: Augustan to Tiberian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

86

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.5

Dimensions: L: 11.2 cm; W: 8.1 cm; H: 3.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Left shoulder chipped. Clay 7.5YR7/2 pinkish gray, mottled remains of glaze 5YR 4/1 dark gray.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Inward-sloping shoulder with six rills. Splayed angle-tipped nozzle with volutes and prominent volute-spines. Slightly raised base-ring marked off by two circular grooves.

Discus Iconography: Ulysses, at left, wearing a tunic and a pointed cap, holding out a cup of wine to Polyphemus, at right; the giant, sitting on a rock, is grasping the body of a dead sailor in his left hand.

Type: Loeschcke I B; Bailey A group ii

Date: Augustan to Tiberian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: Loeschcke, Willers, and Niessen 1911, no. 1821, pl. 80 (Loeschcke IV); numerous refs. in Bailey BM II, p. 36, and Bussière 2000, p. 173, decor I.d.2.(1); Kirsch 2002, no. 112, pl. 10 (Loeschcke IV); Casas Genover and Soler Fusté 2006, pl. 32, no. G 477 (fr.). Polyphemus is occasionally represented alone (e.g., Heres 1972, no. 620, pl. 64; Robin Petitot 2000, p. 55, no. 84).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

87

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.40

Dimensions: L: 10.0 cm; W: 7.3 cm; H: 3.0 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR6/8 reddish yellow, mottled glaze 2.5YR5/4 reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Inward-sloping shoulder with three rills. Central filling-hole. Voluted angular-tipped nozzle; burn marks. Raised base-ring marked off by two circular grooves.

Discus Iconography: Two nude pugilists fighting with gloves (cesti); the left one has the upper hand.

Type: Loeschcke I B; Bailey A group iii

Date: Augustan to Tiberian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: None found. For other representations of pugilists, see Bailey BM II, pp. 59–60, III (e) I; Bussière 2000, p. 188, decor II.d.6.(4).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

88

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.13

Dimensions: L: 10.0 cm; W: 7.3 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR5/8 yellowish brown, glaze 5YR5/2 reddish gray, with some darkened areas on lower half.

Description: Moldmade from plaster mold. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a var. Filling-hole in right lower field. Voluted angular-tipped nozzle; burn marks. Raised base-ring marked off by two circular grooves.

Discus Iconography: Winged Cupid to right carrying a trident on his left shoulder, a twisted, hooked dolphin around its staff; his left leg is lifted, his raised right hand is holding an undetermined object.

Type: Loeschcke I B; Bailey A group iii

Date: Claudian to Early Flavian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: (Identical) Loeschcke 1919, no. 17, pl. 5; Fremersdorf 1942, no. 3, pl. 25; Bernabò Brea and Cavalier 1965, no. 19, pl. 218; Oziol 1977, no. 480, pl. 25; Leibundgut 1977, p. 146, no. 154, motif 76, pl. 29; Goethert-Polaschek 1985, no. 224, pl. 23; Heimerl 2001, no. 22, motif M.1–2 (Pergamon); Morillo Cerdán 2003b, p. 92, no. 3, pl. III.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

89

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.14

Dimensions: L: 9.1 cm; W: 6.9 cm; H: 3.0 cm

Condition and Fabric: Clay near 5YR 6/4 light reddish brown, glaze mostly 10R5/6 red.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Intact. Inward-sloping shoulder with three rills. Filling-hole lower right. Tiny unpierced air hole on top of voluted angular-tipped nozzle. Raised base-ring marked off by two circular grooves.

Discus Iconography: Two fighting gladiators (Thraces); the left one has dropped his small rectangular shield, the right one is attacking, raising his shield to protect his face; each wears loincloth, crested helmet, and greaves.

Type: Loeschcke I B; Bailey A group iii

Date: Augustan to Tiberian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: Bémont 2005, p. 159, no. 5, fig. 10, who refers to Cazes and Landes 1987, fig. 32, Nimes Museum.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

Discussion: Round sunken mark left by the mold in the center of the discus may indicate where the potter first intended to place the filling-hole; it was moved off center in order not to spoil the decor.

90

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.471

Dimensions: L: 12.2 cm; W: 7.5 cm; H: 3.1 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR6/4 light reddish brown, very faint traces of glaze 2.5YR6/6 light red.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ribbon handle with median groove all around. Flat shoulder with three rills. Small central filling-hole surrounded by a thin outer ring and a wider inner one. Splayed angle-tipped nozzle with volutes and prominent volute-spines. Raised base-ring with a slightly concave interior.

Discus Iconography: Three sea monsters alternating with three conch shells (Triton trumpets).

Type: Loeschcke I B; Bailey A group iii

Date: Augustan to Tiberian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Central Anatolia

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

91

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.558

Dimensions: L: 10.5 cm; W: 7.3 cm; H: 2.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: A few surface chips. Clay 10YR6/3 pale brown, uneven glaze mostly 10YR3/2 very dark grayish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Inward-sloping shoulder with five rills. Unusually deep discus. Filling-hole in the lower part of discus. Splayed, angle-tipped volute-nozzle. Raised base-ring marked off by two circular grooves and a circular thin inner ridge. Workshop mark: letter A.

Discus Iconography: Lion (to right, head frontal) attacking a mule; the lion’s right foreleg laid across the mule’s belly.

Type: Loeschcke I B; Bailey A group iii

Date: Augustan to Tiberian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Unknown

Parallels: Ponsich 1961, no. 114, pl. 11 (fr.); Vegas 1966a, no. 96/124/222, pl. 8 (Novaesium); Lyster 1970, fig. 6.17 (Loeschcke IV); Heres 1972, no. 136, pl. 18 (Loeschcke IV); Leibundgut 1977, p. 177, nos. 270–71, motif 274, pl. 46 (Loeschcke IV); Rosenthal and Sivan 1978, p. 25, no. 70, and p. 35, no. 131; Goethert-Polaschek 1985, M 169; Bailey BM II Q 866, pp. 161–62, pl. 11, fig. 75, with further refs. pp. 72–73; Hellmann 1985, pp. 8–9, no. 5; (close) Mlasowsky 1993, p. 205, no. 191 (Loeschcke IV); Morillo Cerdán 1999, nos. 226–28, motif 109; Bussière 2000, p. 196, III.a.1.(24) (with further refs.); Rodríguez Martín 2002, no. 208, pl. 39 (Loeschcke IV); (close) Bémont 2002, p. 88, D101 (no. 365); Moscara 2003, no. V.9, fig. 3; Chrzanovski 2006, p. 72, no. 91; Pace 2008, p. 18; Bochum Museum, Schüller Collection, cat. no. 92, S 730.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Galerie Günter Puhze 1983, no. 235.

92

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.35

Dimensions: L: 11.1 cm; W: 8.1 cm; H: 2.9 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, mottled glaze mostly 5YR6/6 reddish yellow.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Shoulder: Loeschcke form I. Filling-hole in lower left field; small air hole at bottom. Volute-nozzle with angular tip and prominent volute-spines; burn marks. Raised base-ring marked off by two circular grooves.

Discus Iconography: Standing Bacchus, nude except for a loin string. His left arm embraces the shoulder of a youth, whose left hand is holding a thyrsus with streamers; Bacchus’s right hand is pouring from a cantharus to a small panther at his feet.

Type: Loeschcke I B; Bailey A group iii

Date: Augustan to Tiberian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Southern Anatolia

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

93

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.15

Dimensions: L: 9.8 cm; W: 6.9 cm; H: 3.0 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, glaze varying from 2.5YR6/6 light red to 7.5YR5/2 brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Shoulder: Loeschcke form I. Central filling-hole; small air hole in lower part of shoulder molding. Voluted angular-tipped nozzle with unusual junction between the volutes near the wick-hole. Raised base-ring marked off by two circular grooves.

Discus Iconography: Gladiatorial equipment: two pairs of greaves (ocreae) and two swords (sicae).

Type: Loeschcke I B; Bailey A group iii

Date: Augustan to Tiberian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: (Close) Heres 1972, no. 33, pl. 7; Vikić-Belančić 1976, no. 6, pl. 8; Bailey BM II, p. 55, Q 764, fig. 57 (with further refs.); (identical) Bussière 2000, no. 40, pl. 17, decor II.c.2.(1); Casas Genover and Soler Fusté 2006, no. G 270, pl. 20; Svoboda 2006, p. 55, no. 50.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

94

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.24

Dimensions: L: 10.1 cm; W: 8.0 cm; H: 3.0 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, uneven glaze varying from 2.5YR6/6 to 2.5YR4/4 light red to reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Shoulder: Loeschcke form I. Shoulder separated from the narrow flat-bottomed central discus area by a garland. Filling-hole surrounded by three ridges. Small air hole in front of the angular-tipped volute-nozzle. Stamped ovolo underneath the nozzle. Raised base-ring marked off by two circular grooves. Potter’s mark: C[–] I F(?). There seem to be four letters in slight relief. Under the base-ring a workshop mark stamped in the mold: an ovolo.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Garland of acanthus leaves and lotus flowers.

Type: Loeschcke I B; Bailey type A group iii

Date: Augustan to Tiberian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Oziol 1977, no. 170, pl. 10; Farka 1977, no. 742, pl. 49; Di Filippo Balestrazzi 1988, vol. 2.2, no. 853, pl. 132, motif IV.c.2; Bussière 2000, no. 584, pl. 45 (fr.), decor IV.a.4.(2).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

95

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.2

Dimensions: L: 11.6 cm; W: 8.5 cm; H: 2.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Clay 5YR6/4 light reddish brown, glaze 5YR5/2 reddish gray, darker in spots.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Intact. Shoulder: Loeschcke form II a. Filling-hole in lower discus. Volute-nozzle with angular tip. Raised base-ring marked off by two circular grooves.

Discus Iconography: Rider with a military cloak floating behind him is halting his galloping horse by a mark on the ground; he looks around at a high post fixed in the ground behind him; on top of the post a circular bulging platform with a spirally formed curved structure; the man’s right arm is outstretched, and two small balls are distinctly visible between his fingers; his left hand is holding both the reins and the handle of a basket, which probably contains more balls; a ribbon twisted around his forearm denotes a victor in an athletic contest.

Type: Loeschcke I B; Bailey A group iii

Date: Augustan to Tiberian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: Similar decor on an ornament handle of a lamp of Loeschcke type IV in Ephesos I, p. 177, fig. 108; Pollak 1906, no. 362, pl. 22; Vorberg 1932, p. 149; see also a different discus decor that might have inspired that of this lamp: Heres 1972, p. 36, no. 132, pl. 17, and no. 529, pl. 57; Leibundgut 1977, pp. 158–59, no. 427, motif 152, pl. 35; Hellmann 1985, pp. 12–13, no. 9; Fitch and Goldman 1994, no. 468, pl. 4. For a study of the decor of this lamp, see Bussière 2013.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

Discussion:
The scene on the discus may be interpreted as a game or as a skill exercise consisting of introducing as many balls as possible into the spiral groove before the horse’s forelegs touch the ground again.

An ornament handle of a two-nozzled lamp found in Ephesus shows a similar decor. The structure on the post has been interpreted by Zahn as a sundial, and the gesture of the rider’s right hand is supposed to indicate the time (Heres 1972, p. 36, quoting Zahn). Such a reading does not account for the two small balls between the man’s thumb and forefinger.

96

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.49

Dimensions: L: 10.4 cm; W: 7.5 cm; H: 2.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: Cracks on discus. Clay near 10YR5/2 grayish brown, glaze burned 5YR3/1 very dark gray.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Shoulder: Loeschcke form II a. Filling-hole almost centered; small air hole above the voluted angular-tipped nozzle. Raised base-ring marked off by two circular grooves.

Discus Iconography: Half-nude man with hunting spear, mantle flowing from his shoulders, is rushing bent to left, accompanied by a mastiff below.

Type: Loeschcke I B; Bailey A group iii

Date: Augustan to Tiberian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Southern Anatolia

Parallels: Loeschcke 1919, no. 102, pl. IX; Deneauve 1969, no. 686, pl. 67 (fr.); Gechter 1979, fig. 18.3; Bussière 2000, p. 249, no. 21, pl. 15 (from a different mold), and p. 179, decor II.a.3.(9) with more comparanda.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

97

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.537

Dimensions: L: 9.5 cm; W: 6.8 cm; H: 2.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 2.5Y8/2 white, glaze very worn, originally mostly 10YR4/2 dark grayish brown. Incrustations.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Shoulder: Loeschcke form II a. Filling-hole in lower part of the discus. Voluted angular-tipped nozzle. Raised base-ring marked off by two circular grooves.

Discus Iconography: Erotic scene with two lovers on a bed; the woman on the right is crouching on all fours; the man is kneeling behind her with his left hand on her back.

Type: Loeschcke I B; Bailey A group iii

Date: Augustan to Tiberian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Unknown

Parallels: Bailey BM II, Q 835, pl. 7, similar but with rounded shoulder (see p. 66 for further refs.); Goethert-Polaschek 1985, no. 127, pl. 35, decor M130; Bussière 2000, p. 262, no. 327, decor II.f.2.(7) (with further refs.).

Provenance: Before 1982, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); by 1982–1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Galerie Günter Puhze 1982, no. 258.

98

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.26

Dimensions: L: 10.0 cm; W: 7.0 cm; H: 2.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: Clay 7.5YR6/4 light brown, glaze much burned, originally 10YR4/2 dark grayish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Intact. Shoulder: Loeschcke form II b. Filling-hole slightly to right with remains of corroded iron wick-nail. Voluted angular-tipped nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Draped and winged Victory standing to left, holding a shield inscribed OB CIIVIS SER[VATOS] (for having saved the citizens).

Type: Loeschcke I B; Bailey A group iii

Date: Late Augustan to Early Flavian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: Bailey BM II, pp. 26–28, fig. 22 (with further refs.); Hayes 1980, p. 61, no. 267; Goethert-Polaschek 1985, no. 96, pl. 26; Hellmann 1985, p. 6, no. 3; Amaré Tafalla 1988, p. 70, fig. 111; Olcina, Reginard, and Sánchez 1990, p. 30, no. 18 (fr.) (Tossal de Manises); LIMC 8.2, p. 178, no. 171, s.v. Victoria; Bussière 2000, p. 167, decor I.b.9.(5); Rodríguez Martín 2002, no. 87, pl. 19 (Loeschcke IV); Rivet 2003, p. 136, nos. 113–14; Hanotte 2005, pl. 64, fig. 7.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Bodel and Tracy 1997, p. 15.

99

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.27

Dimensions: L: 10.0 cm; W: 7.2 cm; H: 2.4 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR7/3 very pale brown, glaze shifting from 10YR4/2 to 10YR4/3 dark grayish brown to dark brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Filling-hole in lower field with corroded iron wick-nail fr. Voluted angular-tipped nozzle. Raised base-ring marked off by two circular grooves. Planta pedis without letters(?).

Discus Iconography: Mercury walking to left, nude except for loin-string and himation folded around his left arm; he wears a round-brimmed petasus, holds a caduceus in his left hand, a purse with three strings in his right.

Type: Loeschcke I B; Bailey A group iii

Date: Late Augustan to Early Flavian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Goldman et al. 1950, no. 409, pl. 111 (Tarsus); Vegas 1966a, nos. 217–18, pl. 6 (Novaesium); Leibundgut 1977, p. 139, no. 397, motif 40, pl. 26 (fr.); Raselli-Nydegger 1998, no. 22, pl. 38.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Sofroniew 2015, p. 3, fig. 3.

100

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.34

Dimensions: L: 11.1 cm; W: 8.2 cm; H: 2.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR7/3 very pale brown, mottled glaze 7.5YR5/4 brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Filling-hole in lower left part of discus. Small rectangular air hole above triangular voluted nozzle with burn marks. Raised base-ring marked off by two circular grooves.

Discus Iconography: Winged frontal Cupid with lit torch pointing down; mantle floating behind his back.

Type: Loeschcke I B; Bailey A group iii

Date: First half of first century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: None found. For the same subject treated differently, see Bussière 2000, p. 160, decor I.b.1.(7).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

101

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.28

Dimensions: L: 10.0 cm; W: 7.2 cm; H: 2.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR8/2 white, mottled glaze between 7.5YR5/2 and 7.5YR4/2 brown and dark brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Filling-hole in lower field. Voluted angular-tipped nozzle. Raised base-ring marked off by two circular grooves. Plain planta pedis on the side of which are three big letters in thin relief (barbotine): N A T.

Discus Iconography: Bacchic scene, Centaur to right drinking from a wine cup; amphora behind his back.

Type: Loeschcke I B; Bailey A group iii

Date: First half of first century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: Lerat 1954, no. 56, pl. 7; (close) Ponsich 1961, no. 53, pl. 6; Mercando 1962, pl. 8.2 (ribbed amphora); Brentchaloff 1972, no. 39, pl. 4, Clermont Museum, inv. 56.465.121; (close) Heres 1972, no. 615, pl. 63 (fr.); Broneer 1977, no. 2527, pl. 28, (fr.); Goethert-Polaschek 1985, no. 378, pl. 27; Kirsch 2002, no. 73, pl. 7; Bochum Museum, Schüller Collection, cat. no. 24, S 632 (Loeschcke I) (Anatolia).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

102

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.23

Dimensions: L: 9.9 cm; W: 7.3 cm; H: 3.0 cm

Condition and Fabric: Left side of shoulder slightly chipped. Clay 10YR7/2 light gray, glaze 7.5YR5/2 to 7.5YR5/4 brown, two medium shades.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Molding of three circular ridges around the central filling-hole. Voluted angular-tipped nozzle. Raised base-ring marked off by two grooves and partially misshaped and sunken.

Discus Iconography: Circular display of military equipment.

Type: Loeschcke I B; Bailey A group iii

Date: First half of first century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: (Close) Rosenthal and Sivan 1978, p. 24, no. 68; (identical) Bessi and Moncini 1980, no. 58, pl. 8; Hübinger 1993, no. 212, pl. 27 (with further refs.).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

103

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.21

Dimensions: L: 10.0 cm; W: 7.3 cm; H: 2.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, uneven glaze, between 2.5YR5/6 red (top) and 5YR5/4 red of browner shade (bottom).

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Filling-hole below center. Voluted angular-tipped nozzle with burn marks. Raised base-ring marked off by two grooves.

Discus Iconography: Stand of seven lap-counting dolphins, consisting of two twisted columns erected within a rectangle marked on the ground; hanging garlands.

Type: Loeschcke I B; Bailey A group iii

Date: First half of first century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Deneauve 1969, no. 330, pl. 39; Leibundgut 1977, p. 173, no. 257, motif 255, pl. 44; Skinkel-Taupin 1980, no. 24a (Loeschcke IV); Barbieri 1994, no. 20, fig. 2 (fr.); Bussière 2000, no. 76, pl. 19, decor II.d.1.(2) (with further refs.).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

104

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.18

Dimensions: L: 10.0 cm; W: 7.3 cm; H: 2.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR7/3 very pale brown, glaze unevenly applied and partly burned, varying from 2.5YR6/8 light red to 10YR4/2 dark grayish brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Filling-hole in lower discus. Voluted angular-tipped nozzle. Raised base-ring; within it on the lower part two short parallel lines in relief.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Desultor wearing a pointed hat and trousers with rolled waistband galloping to left, leading another horse on his right; he whips the horse’s hindquarters with a stick in his left hand.

Type: Loeschcke I B; Bailey A group iii

Date: First half of first century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Brants 1913, no. 317, pl. 3; Perlzweig 1961, no. 99, pl. 4 (Loeschcke IV); Heres 1972, no. 180, pl. 23 (Loeschcke IV), and no. 530, pl. 37; Leibundgut 1977, p. 172, no. 255, motif 248, pl. 44; Bailey BM II, p. 59, Q 830, fig. 62 (with further refs.); Bessi and Moncini 1980, no. 8, pl. 3 (Loeschcke IV); Goethert-Polaschek 1985, p. 187, no. 84, pl. 33, decor M123; Bergès 1989, no. 452, fig. 46; Accorona, di Maio, and Garcea 1996, no. 22, pl. 8 (Pozzuoli); Sussman 2008, p. 267, no. 39 (Loeschcke I).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

105

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.438.38

Dimensions: L: 10.3 cm; W: 7.4 cm; H: 2.4 cm

Condition and Fabric: Fine crack on nozzle; partly overpainted. Clay near 7.5YR6/4 reddish yellow, glaze 10YR5/1 gray (bottom), 10YR3/1 very dark gray (top).

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Filling-hole below the horse; air hole on nozzle. Voluted angular-tipped nozzle. Raised base-ring marked off by two grooves.

Discus Iconography: Marcus Curtius with helmet, cuirass, tunic, and round shield leaping to left on his horse into the chasm in the Forum Romanum; thin groundline; cloak flying behind him; he strikes the ground with a spear; the horse vainly tries to stop.

Type: Loeschcke I B; Bailey A group iii

Date: First half of first century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Southern Anatolia

Parallels: Fremersdorf 1922, p. 88, type 6 = Loeschcke IV (with further refs.); Leibundgut 1977, no. 245, pl. 44 (fr.); Goethert-Polaschek 1985, no. 110, pl. 27; Bailey BM II, Q 795, pl. 4, fig. 42; Mlasowsky 1993, p. 155, no. 133; (close) Bémont 2005, fig. 7.2; Cologne Museum, Wollman collection, inv. no. W 1234.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

106

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.45

Dimensions: L: 9.8 cm; W: 7.0 cm; H: 2.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Two thin cracks across discus and left shoulder; partly overpainted. Clay 7.5YR6/4 light brown, glaze 7.5YR5/4 brown.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Filling-hole below the groundline. Voluted angular-tipped nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Two maenads dancing; the left one is holding a tambourine in her right hand, and her left arm is extended; her companion’s drapery billows above and behind her; with her right hand she caresses a fawn raised on its hind legs.

Type: Loeschcke I B; Bailey A group iii

Date: Late Augustan to Early Flavian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: (Identical) Bochum Museum, Schüller Collection, cat. no. 28, S 639 (Tunisia); for a representation of the right maenad alone, see Williams 1981, no. 70, pl. 3, with refs.; Gualandi Genito 1986, p. 241, no. 76 (fr., with refs.); Bailey BM III, Q 2378, pl. 63; Goethert 1997, p. 211, no. 292, pl. 43, decor M 58; Bussière 2000, p. 251, no. 70, pl. 19, and p. 158, decor I.a.10 (21) (with further refs.).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

107

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.29

Dimensions: L: 10.1 cm; W: 7.6 cm; H: 2.4 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR7/3 very pale brown, glaze 7.5YR6/4 light brown, bottom burned.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Air hole on nozzle top. Voluted angular-tipped nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Two heavily armed gladiators fighting. Myrmillo on the right behind a long shield, wearing a crested helmet; Thrax on the left holding a sica; both wear greaves (ocreae) and have their sword-arm bound for protection (manicae); a trainer (lanista) between them, in tunic with laced boots. Below, in tabula ansata, the fighters’ names: SABINVS and POPILLIVS.

Type: Loeschcke I B; Bailey A group iii

Date: Late Augustan to Early Flavian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: Bartoli Santi and Bellori 1702, p. 22; Loeschcke 1919, p. 369, nos. 111–12, pl. IX (same decor but with inscription FVFIC in the tabula ansata), p. 370, no. 113, pl. 15 (with inscription identical to this lamp); a similar example signed FVFIC is in the Study Gallery at Cologne Museum; (identical) Boube 1977, p. 243, pl. XIII (Bab Zaër, Morocco); (close) Bailey BM II, pp. 51–52 (with further refs.), Q 960 (Loeschcke type V), fig. 55, which shows the same gladiators with their names but the lanista is absent; Bessi and Moncini 1980, no. 23, pl. 5 (signed ROMANESIS); Goethert-Polaschek 1985, no. 433, pl. 54, decor M85 (Loeschcke type IV); Djuric 1995, p. 41, no. C 104 (very close); Goethert 1997, p. 82, no. 52; Raselli-Nydegger 1998, no. 20, pl. 38; Morillo Cerdán 1999, no. 67, fig. 143, decor 45 (discus fr.); Bémont 2005, p. 164, fig. 12.3–6, and pp. 166–67 (with further refs.); Museum of Art and Archaeology, University of Missouri–Columbia, acc. no. 71.75 (fr. inscription only).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

108

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.438.19

Dimensions: L: 10.5 cm; W: 7.2 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR5/2 brown, glaze between 2.5YR4/4 and 2.5YR4/3 both reddish brown. Powdery gold mica.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form II a. Filling-hole between the discus figures; voluted triangular nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Two gladiators (hoplomachi) in plumed helmets, loincloths, and greaves; defeated gladiator kneeling on the right, victor on the left lifting up his round shield.

Type: Loeschcke I B; Bailey A group iii

Date: Late Augustan to Early Flavian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: Loeschcke I: Loeschcke, Willers, and Niessen 1911, no. 1769, pl. 71; Bernabò Brea and Cavalier 1965, no. 22, pl. 228; Oziol and Pouilloux 1969, nos. 117–28, pl. 3 (Salamis on Cyprus); Bessi and Moncini 1980, no. 17, pl. 4; Goethert-Polaschek 1985, p. 223, no. 152, pl. 31, decor M 91 (with further refs.); Loeschcke IV: Bessi and Moncini 1980, no. 26, pl. 5; Sternini 1998, pp. 32–33, no. L 8, fig. 8; Morillo Cerdán 1999, decor 77; Junkelmann 2000, fig. 187; Bémont 2005, fig. 6.1; Museum of Art and Archaeology, University of Missouri–Columbia, acc. no. 64.5.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

109

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.22

Dimensions: L: 9.6 cm; W: 6.8 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Broken into two pieces and restored. Clay 10YR7/3 very pale brown, glaze unevenly fired 5YR5/4 reddish brown (top).

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Filling-hole in lower part of the discus. Unpierced air hole on nozzle top. Voluted angular-tipped nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Planta pedis with illegible letters.

Discus Iconography: Herm in left profile with a hoop and a palm branch behind; vase on the left.

Type: Loeschcke I B; Bailey A group iii

Date: Late Augustan to Early Flavian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Perlzweig 1961, no. 49, pl. 3; Kricheldorf 1962, no. 82, pl. 10 (Loeschcke IV); Deneauve 1969, nos. 438–39, pl. 47; Moutinho Alarcão and Da Ponte 1976, no. 5, pl. 1 (Loeschcke IV); Cahn-Klaiber 1977, no. 182, pl. 17, discussion p. 91; Chrzanovski and Zhuravlev 1998, p. 62, no. 20 (Loeschcke V); Rodríguez Martín 2002, no. 179, pl. 34 (Loeschcke IV); Bochum Museum, Schüller Collection, cat. no. 31, S 618 (Tunisia) (Loeschcke I planta pedis).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

110

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.17

Dimensions: L: 9.2 cm; W: 6.7 cm; H: 2.1 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, glaze 2.5YR5/2 weak red.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Filling-hole in the right part of the discus. Voluted angular-tipped nozzle. Slightly raised base marked off by one circular groove. Planta pedis with illegible letters.

Discus Iconography: Winged Cupid standing frontally holding Hercules’ club in his right hand and a lionskin in his left; bush on left side.

Type: Loeschcke I B; Bailey A group iii

Date: Late Augustan to Early Flavian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Tunisia

Parallels: (Close) Oziol 1977, nos. 427–30, pl. 23 (Loeschcke IV); Bussière 2000, no. 60, pl. 18, decor I.b.1.(21) (with planta pedis) from Mauretania Tingitana.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

111

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.30

Dimensions: L: 10.0 cm; W: 7.2 cm; H: 2.4 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR7/3 very pale brown, glaze mostly 10YR6/4 light yellowish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Filling-hole in lower right center of discus. Small air hole on nozzle top. Voluted angular-tipped nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Nude satyr to left pounding in a mortar.

Type: Loeschcke I B; Bailey A group iii

Date: Ca. A.D. 50–80

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Bailey BM II, p. 145, Q 815–Q 816, pl. 6, fig. 15. Bailey refers to Jahrbuch des Deutschen Instituts 44, AA (1929), p. 25, fig. 19, and to Sidi Khrebish Benghazi Museum, inv. L 188; Rivet 2003, p. 144, no. 176.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

112

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.11

Dimensions: L: 10.0 cm; W: 7.1 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Tiny chips. Clay 2.5YR6/6 light red, uneven glaze, mostly same color. Lower left discus smudged.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Slightly damaged filling-hole in lower discus. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Voluted angular-tipped nozzle; burn marks. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Bust of Bacchus crowned with a vine wreath, holding a thyrsus in his left hand, a cantharus in his right. Behind him a leaping panther.

Type: Loeschcke I B; Bailey A group iii

Date: Late Augustan to Early Flavian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: Close to Bailey BM II, Q 812, pl. 5, fig. 13, with more refs.; Cahn-Klaiber 1977, p. 75, no. 247, pl. 24 (fr.); Bailey BM III, Q 2428, pl. 64 (Loeschcke IV Cyprus); Olcina, Reginard, and Sánchez 1990, p. 43, no. 38 (discus fr.); Morillo Cerdán 1999, no. 13, fig. 136 (discus fr.); Cologne Museum, Wollmann Collection, inv. W 1453 (Loeschcke IV).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Bodel and Tracy 1997, p. 15.

113

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.157

Dimensions: L: 7.6 cm; W: 5.1 cm; H: 2.4 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 2.5YR6/4 light reddish brown, traces of glaze 10YR5/6 yellowish brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Deep body. Small central filling-hole. Unpierced air hole at base of nozzle. Voluted angular-tipped nozzle with burn marks. Base marked off by circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Loeschcke I B; Bailey A group iii(?)

Date: Claudian to Flavian(?)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

114

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.438.25

Dimensions: L: 10.5 cm; W: 7.2 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR8/1 white, mottled glaze ranging from 10YR7/4 very pale brown to 10YR4/3 dark brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a var. Filling-hole in lower part of discus. Small air hole on top of voluted angular-tipped nozzle. Raised base-ring marked off by two grooves.

Discus Iconography: Scalloped shell.

Type: Loeschcke I B; Bailey A group iii

Date: Claudian to Flavian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Tunisia

Parallels: Brants 1913, no. 226, pl. 2.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

115

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.72

Dimensions: L: 11.1 cm; W: 6.8 cm; H: 3.0 cm

Condition and Fabric: Handle restored. Clay 10YR7/4 very pale brown, glaze 10YR5/2 grayish brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a var. Filling-hole on left side of discus. Voluted angular-tipped nozzle. Raised base-ring marked off by two circular grooves.

Discus Iconography: Mercury standing frontally, nude except for a cloak on his shoulders falling behind him; caduceus in left hand, purse in right; winged feet and petasus.

Type: Loeschcke I B; Bailey A group iii

Date: Claudian to Flavian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Loeschcke 1919, no. 2, pl. 4; Leibundgut 1977, p. 138, nos. 35–38, pl. 26, motif 36; Goethert-Polaschek 1985, no. 380, pl. 24; Di Filippo Balestrazzi 1988, vol. 2.2, no. 259, pl. 43, motif I.a.4.1; Antico Gallina and Condina 1990, no. 9, pl. 25; Hübinger 1993, no. 213, pl. 27; Larese and Sgreva 1996, no. 95; Morillo Cerdán 1999, no. 4 (discus fr.); Wilmet 2003, p. 243, fig. 6.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

116

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.89

Dimensions: L. 10.1; W. 6.3; H. 2.7

Condition and Fabric: Intact except for small crack at upper base of handle. Clay 5YR6/6 reddish yellow, glaze mostly 5YR5/6 yellowish red.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with median groove. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a var. Filling-hole in lower part of discus. Voluted angular-tipped nozzle with air hole at base; burn marks. Blurred raised base-ring.

Discus Iconography: Winged Victory sacrificing an animal.

Type: Loeschcke I B; Bailey A group iii

Date: Claudian to Flavian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: (Close) Gualandi Genito 1977, no. 228, pl. 34 (Loeschcke IV) (Bologna); (identical) Goethert-Polaschek 1985, no. 215, pl. 26; Heimerl 2001, no. 81, pl. 3 (Pergamon); Cologne Museum, inv. 29204 (Loeschcke type I) (from Spiesergasse, Cologne).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

Discussion: Goethert-Polaschek ( 1985), no. 215, clearly shows the wings of the goddess; Gualandi Genito (1977) prefers to see a male figure, although the Bologna lamp also clearly shows the wings of the goddess (see refs. in parallels). A gem (LIMC 6.2, p. 282, no. 144, s.v. Mercurius) has a fairly similar animal, interpreted as a ram.

117

Inventory Number: 81.AQ.112.1

Dimensions: L: 12.2 cm; W: 7.8 cm; H: 3.0 cm

Condition and Fabric: Ring handle broken off. Clay 5YR7/6 reddish yellow, glaze 10R5/6 red. Mica.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a var. Filling-hole in lower part of discus. Voluted angular-tipped nozzle; burn marks. Raised base-ring.

Discus Iconography: Scalloped shell.

Type: Loeschcke I B; Bailey A group ii

Date: Claudian to Flavian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Italy

Parallels: (Close) Bailey BM II, p. 85, fig. 9.

Provenance: – 1981, Robert L. Lawson, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1981.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

118

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.438.397

Dimensions: L: 10.0 cm; W: 7.3 cm; H: 2.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact except for small crack on lower right discus. Clay 10YR7/2 light gray, slip mostly 10YR6/1 gray, top near 10R6/4 light red. Gold mica.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII b. Filling-hole in lower field. Raised base-ring marked off by two grooves.

Discus Iconography: Erotic scene on a bed, woman on all fours bending to right, man kneeling behind her, bracing himself with right arm on bed, left hand on the woman’s back.

Type: Loeschcke I B; Bailey A group iv

Date: Last third of first century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: Deneauve 1969, p. 117, no. 337, pl. 39; Bailey BM II, Q 835, pl. 7, fig. 69 (with further refs.); Bonnet and Delplace 1989, p. 40, no. 19 (Saint-Bertrand-de-Comminges); Casas Genover and Soler Fusté 2006, no. G 631, pl. 38; identical lamp in the Study Gallery at Cologne Museum.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

119

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.136

Dimensions: L: 11.0 cm; W: 7.7 cm; H: 2.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Thin cracks across top. Clay 7.5YR6/4 light brown, mottled glaze varying between 7.5YR5/4 and 7.5YR4/2 brown and dark brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Shoulder: Loeschcke form II a. Filling-hole in upper part of discus. Voluted angular-tipped nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Two Cupids, the left one holding a rabbit by its hind legs, the right one about to strike it with a pedum. Both are nude with mantle over shoulder.

Type: Loeschcke I B/C; Bailey A group iii

Date: Claudian to Early Flavian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: (Identical) Leibundgut 1977, no. 83, pl. 30; Goethert-Polaschek 1985, no. 269, pl. 24; with Cupid on left alone: Larese and Sgreva 1996, no. 55; with Cupid on right alone: Bochum Museum, Schüller Collection, cat. no. 74, S 709 (Anatolia).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

120

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.12

Dimensions: L: 10.0 cm; W: 7.3 cm; H: 2.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Tiny scratches. Clay 2.5YR6/6 light red, glaze 2.5YR5/8 red.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Filling-hole under left wing of eagle in discus; air hole on top of nozzle. Voluted angular-tipped nozzle. Raised base-ring marked off by two grooves.

Discus Iconography: Frontal eagle looking right with spread wings, its claws holding a prey—a dead rabbit.

Type: Loeschcke I B/C; Bailey A group iii

Date: Claudian to Early Flavian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Tunisia

Parallels: Di Filippo Balestrazzi 1988, vol. 2.2, no. 278, pl. 49, motif III.b.1.1; Rivet 2003, p. 149, no. 229, where the rabbit is clearly legible; Bochum Museum, Schüller Collection, cat. no. 42, S 638 (Tunisia).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

121

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.44

Dimensions: L: 10.2 cm; W: 7.2 cm; H: 2.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Cracks on discus and upper part of shoulder; overpainted. Clay 2.5YR6/4 light reddish brown, glaze 2.5YR5/6 red.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Filling-hole on lower left side of discus. Voluted angular-tipped nozzle. Blurred slightly raised base-ring.

Discus Iconography: Nude Bacchus, drunk and tottering to right, with feline skin over his left shoulder, cantharus in left hand.

Type: Loeschcke I B/C; Bailey A group iii

Date: Claudian to Early Flavian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

122

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.42

Dimensions: L: 9.1 cm; W: 6.3 cm; H: 2.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Broken in two pieces, restored; overpainted. Clay 5YR7/4 pink, mottled glaze mostly 5YR5/6 yellowish red.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Filling-hole left of center. Voluted angular-tipped nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Head of Hercules to left wearing a lionskin.

Type: Loeschcke I B/C; Bailey A group iii

Date: Claudian to Early Flavian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: Kricheldorf 1962, no. 25, pl. 3; Leibundgut 1977, no. 50, pl. 27 (Loeschcke IV); Zaccaria Ruggiu 1980, p. 97, no. 129; Goethert-Polaschek 1985, no. 449, pl. 53 (Loeschcke IV); Barbieri 1994, no. 23, fig. 2; Bussière 2000, no. 88, pl. 20, decor I.d.1.(1), with numerous refs.; Rivet 2003, p. 153, no. 264, and p. 173, no. 423 (fr.); Bémont and Chew 2007, p. 472, pl. 47, GA 142 (Loeschcke IV).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

123

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.4

Dimensions: L: 12.0 cm; W: 8.8 cm; H: 3.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Thin cracks. Clay 10YR8/3 very pale brown, mottled glaze mostly 10YR5/2 grayish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Filling-hole center left. Air hole at top of nozzle close to discus. Voluted angular-tipped nozzle. Slightly raised base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Fisherman wearing a conical hat, sitting to left on rock, holding a fishing rod and pulling a fish out of the water; a basket beside him; foreground lines indicating waves; possibly a tree behind him.

Type: Loeschcke I B/C; Bailey A group iii

Date: Claudian to Early Flavian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Tunisia

Parallels: Loeschcke 1919, no. 103, pls. 3 and 9; Goldman et al. 1950, p. 128, no. 398 (with further refs.); (close) with a fish hanging from the line: Mercando 1962, pl. 11.2; Kricheldorf 1962, no. 45, pl. 5; Ennabli, Salomonson, and Mahjoubi 1973, no. 270 (Raqqada); Vikić-Belančić 1976, pl. 9.1; Bémont and Chew 2007, p. 93, D 128, and p. 482, pl. 57, GA 233 (with further refs.). See also Moscara 2003, no. 8.3, fig. 4.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Manzoni Macdonnell 1984.

124

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.37

Dimensions: L: 10.0 cm; W: 7.2 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, uneven glaze 10YR 4/2 dark grayish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Filling-hole in lower part of discus. Small air hole on top of nozzle close to discus. Voluted angular-tipped nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Illegible planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: Two winged nude Cupids, one walking from right carrying a large vase on his shoulder, the other sitting at left holding a rabbit by its hind legs.

Type: Loeschcke I B/C; Bailey A group iii

Date: Claudian to Early Flavian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: For Cupid at right, alone, Kricheldorf 1962, no. 118, pl. 14 (COPPIRES) (Loeschcke VIII); Allison 2006, no. 52, pl. 3; for Cupid at left, alone, Leibundgut 1977, p. 147, nos. 158–59, pl. 30, motif 84; cat. 142 (COPPIRES).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

125

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.46

Dimensions: L: 10.3 cm; W: 7.3 cm; H: 2.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Several cracks on discus and on right side of basin. Clay near 10YR6/4 light yellowish brown, mottled glaze 2.5YR5/6 red (overpaint[?]).

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a var. Filling-hole slightly below center. Voluted angular-tipped nozzle. Raised base-ring marked off by two grooves.

Discus Iconography: Bear running to right.

Type: Loeschcke I B/C; Bailey A group iii

Date: Claudian to Early Flavian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Gualandi Genito 1977, no. 185, pl. 29, and no. 203, pl. 31; (close) Goethert-Polaschek 1985, no. 284, pl. 38; Bailey BM III, Q 1895, pl. 33, fig. 86 (with further refs.); Alram-Stern 1989, no. 34, pl. 15; Di Filippo Balestrazzi 1988, vol. 2.2, no. 402, pl. 72, motif III.a.4.1; Larese and Sgreva 1996, no. 153; Morillo Cerdán 1999, nos. 230–31, fig. 148, motif 119; Bussière 2000, pp. 196–97, decor III.a.3.(1) (with further refs.); Rodríguez Martín 2002, no. 214, pl. 40 (Loeschcke IV); Rivet 2003, p. 178, nos. 489–90.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

126

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.20

Dimensions: L: 10.0 cm; W: 7.2 cm; H: 2.1 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact except for minor chips. Clay 2.5YR6/4 light reddish brown, glaze near 2.5YR5/4 reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a var. Filling-hole in lower right. Voluted angular-tipped nozzle. Raised base-ring defined by two grooves.

Discus Iconography: Dancing Bacchus; muscular nude male figure standing frontally, looking upward, right arm outstretched with hand open, left hand holding a tympanon; possibly wearing a wreath; animal skin (leopard[?]) hanging behind him from shoulder, paw visible to left of figure, a feline head to right.

Type: Loeschcke I B/C; Bailey A group iii

Date: Claudian to Early Flavian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Libertini 1930, no. 1292, pl. 121; Rosenthal and Sivan 1978, p. 28, no. 86 (Loeschcke IV); (identical) Skinkel-Taupin 1980, no. 15a.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

127

Inventory Number: 80.AQ.46.4

Dimensions: L: 10.5 cm; W: 7.5 cm; H: 2.2 cm

Condition and Fabric: Thin crack on upper part of lamp. Clay 2.5Y7/4 pale yellow, mottled glaze near 10YR5/3 brown.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Filling-hole in lower right field. Voluted angular-tipped nozzle. Slightly raised base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Lioness with swollen teats rushing to right, head frontal.

Type: Loeschcke I B/C; Bailey A group iii

Date: Claudian to Flavian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Tunisia

Parallels: (Identical) Deneauve 1969, no. 340, pl. 39; Heres 1972, no. 387, pl. 43; Oziol 1977, no. 374, pl. 20 (Loeschcke IV); Leibundgut 1977, p. 182, no. 312, pl. 49, motif 308; Christie’s 1978, pl. 2, lot 42 (Loeschcke VIII); Goethert-Polaschek 1985, no. 92, pl. 38, motif M.185, with further parallels; Hellmann 1987, no. 137, pl. 15.

Provenance: – 1980, William L. Eagleton, Jr., American, 1926–2011, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1980.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

128

Inventory Number: 82.AQ.31

Dimensions: L: 10.7 cm; W: 6.2 cm; H: 2.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR8/4 pink, glaze unevenly applied 2.5YR4/4 reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade, from worn mold. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Flat blurred shoulder. Filling-hole in lower left field. Voluted angular-tipped nozzle. Slightly raised base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Eagle, sometimes interpreted as parrot, standing to right.

Type: Loeschcke I B/C; Bailey A

Date: Flavian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Italy

Parallels: Brants 1913, no. 785, pl. 6 (Bussière type D X 1); Heres 1972, p. 25, no. 67, pl. 11; Bailey BM II, p. 81, Q 845–Q 846, pl. 8, fig. 90 (with further refs.); (close) Bussière 2000, no. 84, pl. 20, decor III.b.1.(1) (with further refs.).

Provenance: – 1982, James W. Hepburn and Yolanda Hepburn, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1982.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

129

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.31

Dimensions: L: 12.0 cm; W: 9.1 cm; H: 3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Thin crack on right side. Repair and overpaint on much of discus. Clay 10YR7/4 very pale brown, mottled glaze mostly 10YR5/2 grayish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a. Central filling-hole. Voluted angular-tipped nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Four goats grazing, a fifth raised on its hind legs eating tree foliage; dog at left.

Type: Loeschcke I B/C; Bailey A group iv

Date: Second half of first century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: None found. For a scene with six goats and a goatherd on left side of discus, see Heres 1972, no. 203, pl. 25 (Loeschcke IV); Bailey BM II, p. 45, Q 923, fig. 48 (Loeschcke IV); Hübinger 1993, no. 264, pl. 32 (with further refs.).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

130

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.3

Dimensions: L: 11.0 cm; W: 8.2 cm; H: 2.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Several cracks on nozzle, discus, and shoulder. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, mottled glaze mostly 7.5YR5/2 brown.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Filling-hole in lower left field. Voluted angular-tipped nozzle. Base slightly raised, marked off by one circular groove. Plain planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: Theater mask with cornucopia and thyrsus at left.

Type: Loeschcke I C

Date: Claudian to Flavian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Tunisia

Parallels: None found; (near) Loeschcke 1919, no. 51, pl. 6; Iványi 1935, p. 45, no. 114, pl. 5.11; Vikić-Belančić 1976, pl. 6.1; Oziol 1977, no. 383, pl. 21; Spagnolo 1980, no. 13, pl. 62 (Novara); Gualandi Genito 1983, p. 119, no. 15, fig. 1; Di Filippo Balestrazzi 1988, vol. 2.2, nos. 393–96, pl. 70, motif II.f.2.6; Alram-Stern 1989, nos. 55–56, pl. 17 (with further refs.); Larese and Sgreva 1996, no. 179 (discus fr.); Buzov 2006, pl. 8.1; (for mask only) Bussière 2000, no. 95, pl. 21; Cologne Museum, inv. 1367 (Loeschcke IV).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

131

Inventory Number: 81.AQ.38.7

Dimensions: L: 10.0 cm; W: 7.3 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR8/3 very pale brown, uneven glaze mostly 10YR4/1 dark gray.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Filling-hole lower right, with remains of corroded iron wick-nail. Unpierced air hole at top of nozzle. Voluted angular-tipped nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Mars Ultor with crested helmet walking left, long spear in right hand and trophy over left shoulder.

Type: Loeschcke I C

Date: Claudian to Flavian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Tunisia

Parallels: Loeschcke, Willers, and Niessen 1911, no. 1759, pl. 80; Perlzweig 1961, no. 58, pl. 3 (fr.); Bruneau 1965, no. 4638, pl. 31; Menzel 1969, p. 36, no. 174, fig. 31 (ROMANESIS), from Miletus; Heres 1972, no. 172, pl. 22; Cahn-Klaiber 1977, pp. 39–40, no. 162, pl. 14; Oziol 1977, no. 468, pl. 25 (Loeschcke IV); Leibundgut 1977, p. 138, no. 396, pl. 26, decor 34 (with further refs.); Pace 2008, p. 8 top.

Provenance: – 1981, William L. Eagleton, Jr., American, 1926–2011, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1981.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

132

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.538

Dimensions: L: 9.1 cm; W: 6.3 cm; H: 2.1 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, flaked glaze 2.5YR5/6 red; lower left basin, nozzle top, and bottom burned black.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Filling-hole in lower field with remains of corroded iron wick-nail. Voluted angular-tipped nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Vanquished gladiator (essedarius) with right knee on the ground near his oval shield; part of a composition of two gladiators, as on cat. 199, of Loeschcke type IV.

Type: Loeschcke I C

Date: Claudian to Flavian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Unknown

Parallels: Larese and Sgreva 1996, no. 94; Morillo Cerdán 1999, no. 72, fig. 143 (discus fr.). For the whole composition with two fighters, see Vegas 1966a, no. 55, pl. 7 (Novaesium); Bailey BM II, p. 52, Q 864, Q 780–Q 781, Q 798, fig. 55, with several refs.; Farka 1977, nos. 823, 1318, pl. 36; Bémont 2005, p. 154, fig. 3.1; Casas Genover and Soler Fusté 2006, no. G 60, pl. 5; Bochum Museum, Schüller Collection, cat. no. 36, S 685 (Tunisia); cat. 199.

Provenance: Before 1981, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); by 1981–1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Galerie Günter Puhze 1981, no. 227.

133

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.545

Dimensions: L: 9.3 cm; W: 6.5 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Thin crack on nozzle, extending onto discus; small hole on nozzle underside. Clay near 7.5YR7/4 pink, glaze worn 10YR5/2 brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Filling-hole slightly on the right. Air hole on nozzle top. Voluted angular-tipped nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Vanquished pugilist with boxing gloves standing to right, arms hanging.

Type: Loeschcke I C

Date: Claudian to Flavian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Unknown

Parallels: Bessi and Moncini 1980, no. 66, pl. 9; Goethert-Polaschek 1985, no. 283a, pl. 34; Amaré Tafalla 1988, p. 82, fig. 147.7; Bussière 2000, decor II.d.6.(2) with further refs., including complete decor with the two adversaries as in Mlasowsky 1993, p. 197, no. 182.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

134

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.41

Dimensions: L: 9.5 cm; W: 6.7 cm; H: 2.2 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR6/4 light brown, mottled glaze 7.5YR5/4 brown.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Filling-hole in lower right field. Voluted angular-tipped nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Incuse potter’s mark: P.A. (absent in Pavolini 1980; listed in Mercando 1973, p. 434 = CIL 8, no. 22644, 254b).

Discus Iconography: Gladiator’s plumed and visored helmet.

Type: Loeschcke I C

Date: Claudian to Flavian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Tunisia

Parallels: (Close) Deneauve 1969, no. 465, pl. 49 (Loeschcke IV); Rivet 2003, no. 451.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

135

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.48

Dimensions: L: 9.6 cm; W: 7.0 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Crack across discus. Clay 10YR6/4 light yellowish brown, mottled glaze between 10YR5/3 and 10YR4/3 brown and dark brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Filling-hole in lower field of discus. Voluted angular-tipped nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Young deer to right, possibly jumping over thicket.

Type: Loeschcke type I C

Date: Claudian to Flavian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Loeschcke 1919, nos. 267–68, pl. 13; (close) Goethert-Polaschek 1985, nos. 518–39, pl. 59 (Loeschcke IV); Bailey BM II, p. 75, Q 811, fig. 81.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

136

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.43

Dimensions: L: 9.4 cm; W: 6.6 cm; H: 2.0 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR6/3 pale brown, uneven glaze 10YR3/1 very dark gray.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Filling-hole in lower field. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Sacrificial scene; kneeling man to right holding basin; head of a goat above basin (clearer on lamp of Kirsch or Oziol, see parallels below).

Type: Loeschcke I C

Date: Claudian to Flavian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Loeschcke, Willers, and Niessen 1911, no. 1831, pl. 80 (Loeschcke IV); Evelein 1928, no. 16, pl. 4 (Loeschcke IV); Mercando 1962, pl. 11.1 (goat head missing); Bailey 1965, no. 61, pl. 5 (Loeschcke type IV); Deneauve 1969, no. 333, pl. 39; Leibundgut 1977, p. 157, no. 548, pl. 35, motif 144 (fr.); Oziol 1977, no. 389, pl. 21 (Loeschcke IV, Cyprus); Goethert-Polaschek 1985, no. 353, pl. 46; Bailey BM III, Q 2386, pl. 63 (Loeschcke IV, Cyprus); Massa 1997, no. 3, pl. 30; Kirsch 2002, no. 490, pl. 26; Bémont 2002, no. 403, pl. 35 (fr.); Rodríguez Martín 2005, p. 196, no. 47, fig. 6 (Torre Águila); Bochum Museum, Schüller Collection, museum photographic archives, photo DSCF 0084 jpg Roh 02–06–08–08.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

137

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.540

Dimensions: L: 10.8 cm; W: 7.8 cm; H: 2.4 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR8/1 white, glaze mostly 10YR4/3 reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Filling-hole in the lower right field. Voluted angular-tipped nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Incuse mark: vertical short line with a dot at each extremity.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Bust of Mercury to right with winged cap and caduceus behind right shoulder.

Type: Loeschcke I C

Date: Claudian to Flavian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Unknown

Parallels: Leibundgut 1977, p. 138, nos. 131–32, pl. 26, motif 35 (fr.); Rosenthal and Sivan 1978, p. 26, no. 79 (Loeschcke IV); Skinkel-Taupin 1980, no. 12a; Bailey BM II, p. 12, Q 1059, fig. 8; Goethert-Polaschek 1985, no. 40, pl. 16; Morillo Cerdán 1999, no. 3 (discus fr.); Bussière 2000, no. 596, pl. 46, decor I.a.6.(2) p. 155 (with further refs.); Potentia 2001, no. 41; Bémont 2002, no. 387, pl. 35 (fr.); Wilmet 2003, p. 239, fig. 2; LIMC 6.2, p. 285, no. 199, s.v. Mercurius; Cologne Museum, Wollman Collection, inv. 1404.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

138

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.36

Dimensions: L: 9.6 cm; W: 6.8 cm; H: 2.1 cm

Condition and Fabric: Repairs on left side; overpainted. Clay 2.5YR6/6 light red, glaze 2.5YR4/6 red.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Filling-hole in lower left field. Air hole at top of nozzle. Voluted angular-tipped nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Winged Cupid standing in three-quarter profile to right wearing long garment, holding downturned torch in right hand.

Type: Loeschcke I C

Date: Claudian to Flavian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Kricheldorf 1962, no. 56, pl. 7 (COPPIRES) (Loeschcke IV); Heres 1972, no. 58, pl. 10; Oziol 1977, nos. 427–30, pl. 23 (Loeschcke IV); Bailey BM III, Q 2380, pl. 63; Robin Petitot 2000, p. 54, no. 78 (Loeschcke IV); Bussière 2000, no. 311, pl. 34, and no. 330, pl. 35 (Loeschcke IV), decor I.b.1.(8) (with further refs.); Rivet 2003, p. 144, no. 182; The same Cupid is often represented standing next to an altar: (near) Bochum Museum, Schüller Collection, cat. no. 212, S 783 with altar.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

139

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.556

Dimensions: L: 10.4 cm; W: 7.3 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Restored from several frr.; small portion of discus missing. Clay 2.5YR6/6 light red, uneven glaze mostly 10YR4/2 dark grayish brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Shoulder: Loeschcke form II a. Filling-hole lower left. Voluted angular-tipped nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Man in knee-length tunic and laced boots walking slowly left on groundline; his right hand holds a long pole resting on his bare right shoulder; half-empty bag on his left shoulder.

Type: Loeschcke I C

Date: Claudian to Flavian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Unknown

Parallels: Gualandi Genito 1986, p. 251, no. 93 (fr.; ref. to similar fr. in the museum of Galeata).

Provenance: Before 1982, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); by 1982–1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Galerie Günter Puhze 1982, no. 247.

140

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.16

Dimensions: L: 9.5 cm; W: 6.8 cm; H: 2.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Restored from several frr.; top of lamp overpainted. Clay 10R6/6 light red, mottled glaze 10R5/8 red; lower right burned blackish.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Filling-hole at bottom of discus. Voluted angular-tipped nozzle. Slightly raised base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Grasshopper to right eating leafy branches.

Type: Loeschcke I C

Date: Claudian to Flavian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Bailey BM II, p. 84, Q 1087, fig. 98 (fr.); Bailey BM III, p. 85, fig. 109, with five slightly different representations of the same insect (see Q 1903–Q 1904, pl. 33); Morillo Cerdán 1992, no. 15, pl. 6 (discus fr.); Casas Genover and Soler Fusté 2006, no. G 695, pl. 41, fig. 41 (fr.); Bussière and Rivel 2012, nos. 101 and 102 (El Djem, Tunisia); Bochum Museum, Schüller Collection, cat. no. 104, S 668 (Loeschcke IV) (Tunisia).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

141

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.47

Dimensions: L: 10.9 cm; W: 7.8 cm; H: 2.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Restored from several frr.; overpainted. Clay 7.5YR7/3 pinkish gray, glaze between 5YR6/4 and 5YR5/4 light reddish brown and reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a var. Filling-hole between animal and human. Air hole on nozzle top. Voluted angular-tipped nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Illegible planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: Amphitheater scene: lion in profile to left attacking nude unarmed person fallen to the ground.

Type: Loeschcke I C

Date: Claudian to Flavian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

142

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.533

Dimensions: L: 10.0 cm; W: 7.0 cm; H: 2.2 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, thin glaze 7.5YR5/4 brown.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a var. Filling-hole slightly to the left of discus center. Small air hole on nozzle top. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s signature: C.OPPI.RES.

Discus Iconography: Winged Cupid walking to left holding a big vase on his shoulder; groundline.

Type: Loeschcke I C

Date: Flavian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Unknown

Parallels: Bussière 2000, no. 454, pl. 40 (Loeschcke V), decor I.b.1.(18), with several refs. to same decor on lamps of other types; Bémont and Chew 2007, pp. 272–73 and 477, pl. 52, GA 185–GA 186 (Loeschcke V). For composition with a second Cupid, see cat. 124.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Galerie Günter Puhze 1983, no. 245.

143

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.266

Dimensions: L: 8.6 cm; W: 6.6 cm; H: 3.0 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR6/2 pinkish gray, mottled glaze varying between 5YR4/2 dark reddish gray and 5YR4/6 yellowish red.

Description: Moldmade. Transverse pierced handle with groove. Flat shoulder, Loeschcke form II b, interrupted by a V-shaped channel between discus and nozzle. Central filling-hole. Small air hole facing nozzle. Splayed angle-tipped nozzle without volutes, with beveled sides and flat top. Flat teardrop-shaped base marked off by two grooves.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Pavolini subtype III L, related to Bailey M

Date: Third quarter of first century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: Carandini et al. 1977, no. 2, pl. 20 (129 examples kept in the Museo Archeologico Nazionale, Naples); Pavolini 1980, pl. 14, fig. 4n (with refs.); Bailey BM II, Q 1149, pl. 50 (with further refs.); Bonghi Jovino 1984, no. CE 564, pl. 136.5 (broken nozzle), from Pompeii.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

Discussion: Transverse pierced handles are common on Vogelkopflampen (Pavolini 1980, type III; or Bailey type M) but appear only exceptionally on other types, for instance, Bailey BM I, Q 965, pl. 22 (Loeschcke type V variant), and Dressel type 23 (CIL 15).

144

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.77

Dimensions: L: 7.8 cm; W: 5.8 cm; H: 2.4 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 2.5YR6/6 light red, worn glaze near 10R5/6 red.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Deep body with sloping sides. Flat shoulder with several rills. Deep flat-bottomed discus with sloping wall; two rings around central filling-hole, outer ring much broader than inner one. Unpierced air hole on flat top of nozzle. Angular-tipped nozzle flanked by shoulder-volutes without spines, as on Loeschcke type V. Base-ring marked off by two grooves. Potter’s signature: PHOETASPI, workshop active in the Flavian period (Bailey BM II, p. 100).

Discus Iconography: Rosette of twenty-four concave petals.

Type: Loeschcke I var.

Date: Flavian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa according to Schüller, but probably made in Egypt, as indicated by potter's signature

Parallels: (Identical) Waldhauer 1914, no. 176, pl. 16, from Egypt; Szentléleky 1969, no. 90 (PHOETASPI); Młynarczyk 1974, no. 9, figs. 11–12 (PHOETASPI), from Tell Atrib, Egypt; Bailey BM III, Q 1899 and Q 2000, pl. 33, from Egypt (PHOETASPI, several refs. given, most bearing the same signature); Hübinger 1993, no. 258, pl. 32, from Egypt (PHOETASPI, more refs.); (close) Heres 1972, no. 110, pl. 15; Hayes 1980, no. 375, pl. 45, from Egypt; Israeli and Avida 1988, p. 26, no. 22 (STROBILI); Cologne Museum, inv. 25.312 (no signature); (identical) Georges 2001, p. 482, nos. 52, 54.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

145

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.80

Dimensions: L: 11.0 cm; W: 8.8 cm; H: 3.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Hole on left side of shoulder showing very thin wall; cracks on bottom; repairs and overpaint. Clay 5YR6/6 reddish yellow, mottled glaze between 7.5YR5/4 brown and 2.5YR5/6 red.

Description: Moldmade. Flat shoulder with close-set concentric rills; two rectangular side-lugs with volute decoration. Deeply depressed flat-bottomed discus; inward-sloping walls with rosette-pattern of multiple concave petals, similar to cat. 144. Discus pierced by small filling-hole and two even smaller air holes. Angular-tipped nozzle flanked by shoulder-volutes without spines, as on Loeschcke type V. Raised base-ring.

Discus Iconography: Medusa head in pronounced relief surrounded by rosette with twenty-four petals.

Type: Loeschcke I var.

Date: Early second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: None found; see close comparanda given for cat. 144, of same type.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

146

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.261

Dimensions: L: 9.2 cm; W: 5.8 cm; H: 2.2 cm

Condition and Fabric: Restored from several frr.; thin crack on base; some overpaint. Clay 10YR8/2 white, mottled glaze mostly 10YR4/3 dark brown.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII b. Central filling-hole. Slit air hole on nozzle top between single volutes without knobs. Faint base-ring. Blurred potter’s incuse signature, possibly: M.NOV.GERM, African workshop active A.D. 120–180.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Loeschcke I var.; Bussière C I 2

Date: Second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: (Identical) Bussière 2000, no. 684, pl. 46.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

147

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.528

Dimensions: L: 18.0 cm; W: 8 cm; H: 5.2 cm, (with handle) 10.0 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7YR7/4 pink, uneven remains of glaze mostly 5YR5/4 reddish brown. Tiny particles of mica.

Description: Moldmade. Ornament handle in the shape of a two-lobed bud, large handle ring behind. Deep cylindrical body. Shoulder consisting of narrow band marked off by two grooves; at foot of handle, two unpierced hinges with three grooves each, reminiscent of bronze-lamp hinges on lamps with a sliding lid. Discus sloping inward to flat-bottomed area pierced by central filling-hole. Long protruding round-tipped nozzle flanked by volutes with pronounced knobs. Between them a bacchic bearded head in relief: Silenus. Heart-shaped wick-hole. Raised base-ring.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Loeschcke III; Waagé 35

Date: Augustan

Place of Manufacture or Origin: South Italy

Parallels: None found; (close) Miltner 1937, no. 28, pl. 11 (Ephesus); Waagé 1941, p. 75, nos. 86–87, fig. 77 (Antioch-on-the-Orontes); Goldman et al. 1950, p. 108, no. 131, figs. 97–98, with two nozzles (Tarsus); Perlzweig 1961, no. 11, pl. 1 (Athens).

Provenance: By 1973, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); – 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Antiken aus Rheinischem Privatbesitz, pp. 127–28, no. 195, pl. 85.

148

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.76

Dimensions: L: 9.8 cm; W: 4.8 cm; H: 2.1 cm, (with handle) 3.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: A few chips and cracks. Clay 7.5YR6/4 light brown, very worn glaze 5YR4/2 dark reddish gray.

Description: Moldmade. Ornament handle in the shape of a two-lobed bud, large ring handle below. At foot of handle two unpierced, nonfunctional lid hinges. Narrow wavy lug on each side of body. Rounded peripheral ridge, separated from the discus by a wide groove. Deep cylindrical body. Thin circular groove divides flat discus into two parts. Central filling-hole. Slit air hole on right side of discus. Long protruding round-tipped nozzle flanked by volutes with prominent knobs. Raised base-ring.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Loeschcke III; Waagé 35

Date: Augustan

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Southern Anatolia

Parallels: None found; (close) Miltner 1937, no. 28, pl. 11 (Ephesus); Waagé 1941, p. 75, nos. 86–87, fig. 77 (Antioch-on-the-Orontes); Goldman et al. 1950, p. 108, no. 131, figs. 97–98, with two nozzles (Tarsus); Perlzweig 1961, no. 11, pl. 1 (Athenian Agora); Bailey BM III, Q 3010, pl. 98 (Ephesus).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

149

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.481

Dimensions: L: 23.5 cm; W: 8.8 cm; H: 5.5 cm, (with handle) 8.2 cm

Condition and Fabric: Thin crack on base. Clay near 5YR6/3 light reddish brown, glaze between 7.5YR6/4 and 7.5YR5/4 light brown and brown; partly blackened, especially on lower part.

Description: Moldmade. Ornament handle with ovoid leaf decorated with vine leaves around relief head of Bacchus; ring behind. Deep nearly cylindrical body. Shoulder: Loeschcke form I. Flat sunken discus with two rings midway between shoulder and central filling-hole. Two small air holes on discus, a third on nozzle top. Long protruding round-tipped nozzle flanked by two volutes with prominent knobs. Undefined base-ring.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Loeschcke III

Date: First third of first century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Central Anatolia

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

150

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.478

Dimensions: L: 16.3 cm; W: 7.0 cm; H: 3.5 cm, (with handle) 6.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR6/2 pinkish gray, glaze 5YR6/3 light reddish brown; partly blackened.

Description: Moldmade. Ornament handle in the shape of a two-lobed bud with several central grooves; ring handle behind. Deep cylindrical body. Shoulder: Loeschcke form II b. Wide inward-sloping discus with sides decorated with rays; flat central area surrounded by two rings. Small filling-hole. Long protruding round-tipped nozzle flanked by volutes with prominent knobs. Slightly raised base-ring marked off by two grooves.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Loeschcke III

Date: First third of first century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Italy

Parallels: None found; (close) Waldhauer 1914, no. 203, pl. 19; Bailey BM II, Q 1025, pl. 32; Hellmann 1987, no. 183, pl. 21 (two nozzles).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

151

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.78

Dimensions: L: 8.7 cm; W: 4.1 cm; H 2.1 cm, (with handle) 3.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, a few uneven remains of glaze 2.5YR6/4 light reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Pierced ornament handle in the shape of a two-lobed bud; ring handle below; vertical double-edged groove separating two symmetrical bulging lobes; small protrusion at top, at bottom (on shoulder) larger globule of undetermined shape—head(?). Deep body with sloping sides. Shoulder: Loeschcke form IV b. Ring around central filling-hole. Protruding round-tipped nozzle flanked by broad volutes with prominent knobs, lower ones unusually big. Two concentric raised base-rings, outer one slightly larger.

Discus Iconography: Rosette with twenty-two petals.

Type: Loeschcke III

Date: First third of first century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Southern Anatolia

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

152

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.475

Dimensions: L: 12.8 cm; W: 5.8 cm; H: 3.1 cm, (with handle) 5.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 2.5YR6/6 light red, same color glaze.

Description: Moldmade. Leaf-shaped ornament handle; ring behind. Deep cylindrical body. Shoulder: Loeschcke form II b. Inward-sloping, deep, concave discus; small central flat area with small filling-hole. Round-tipped nozzle flanked by small vague volutes. Flat nozzle top. Two raised base-rings, inner one thinner; central disc with central relief button.

Discus Iconography: Rays.

Type: Loeschcke III

Date: First third of first century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Southern Anatolia

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

153

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.485

Dimensions: L: 15.8 cm; W: 6.8 cm; H: 5.3 cm, (with handle) 7.0 cm

Condition and Fabric: Handle chipped. Clay 7.5YR7/3 pinkish gray, glaze 2.5YR6/6 light red; partly blackened.

Description: Moldmade. Crescent-ornament handle with crescent bordered by raised rim; ring behind. Shoulder: Loeschcke form IV b. Concave discus. Filling-hole slightly on the lower left. Small air hole at joint of shoulder and nozzle. Long round-tipped volute-nozzle. Slightly raised base-ring marked off by one circular groove; plain planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: Bust of Sol with ten rays above crescent terminating with a star at each end.

Type: Loeschcke III; Bailey D group v

Date: Second half of first century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: None found; (near) Bailey BM II, Q 1028, pl. 33; Seidel 2002, no. 28.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

154

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.520

Dimensions: L: 24.5 cm; W: 10.0 cm; H: 4.2 cm, (with handle) 12.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Slight crack on ornament handle; left tip broken off; overpainted. Clay near 7.5YR7/4 pink, selfslip. A few specks of mica.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Crescent-shaped ornament handle; pierced hole below. On crescent, bust of Jupiter with raised arms holding scepter in left hand, thunderbolt in right. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Small concave discus surrounded by molding consisting of several inward-sloping or convex circular bands. Central filling-hole. Long nozzle with beveled neck and oval raised wick-hole area. Incuse bunch of grapes on each slanting side of upper part of nozzle neck. Base-ring marked off by one exterior groove. In center, planta pedis with illegible letters.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Loeschcke III

Date: Mid-first century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: None found. A certain typological resemblance of the nozzle form with Bailey BM II, Q 1098, signed LVC in planta pedis.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

155

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.507

Dimensions: L: 19 cm; W: (between ends of horse heads) 16.3 cm; H: 4.0 cm, (with handle) 17.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact; overpaint on part of bottom and back and front of shield. Clay 10R6/6 light red, glaze near 10R6/4 pale red.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Elaborate triangular ornament handle with bust of majestic bearded Serapis wearing calathus; no ring behind handle; top finial of shield shows probable further extension of Serapis’s reign of vegetation: bunch of grapes(?), fruit(?) above three conchlike shells. Sinuous floral patterns on edge of handle; between edge and bust, six small stylized suns or stars. On back of handle, six stylized flowers, each consisting of a stem with three small circles on top. Incuse inscription: letters on two lines, interrupted by stem of handle back: E I C // I Ω / N // O C (made by, or belonging to, Eision). Rather shallow body with strongly inward-sloping sides. Flat shoulder with a row of small ovolos, separated from concave discus by circular ridge and three circles inside it. Around central filling-hole, molding of three inward-sloping bands. Two round-tipped nozzles with harnessed horse-head volutes; double-ended thyrsuses between volutes; burn marks. Raised flat-topped base-ring, inside which three more rings and a central raised dot.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Loeschcke III

Date: Ca. A.D. 70–100

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: None found; (close) Waldhauer 1914, nos. 14–15, pl. 4; Loeschcke 1919, p. 223, fig. 3 (Herculaneum); Broneer 1977, lamp d, pl. 39 (Corinth); Bailey BM III, Q 2688–Q 2690, pl. 76, and frr. Q 2691–Q 2700, pl. 77 (Cnidus).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

156

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.479

Dimensions: L: 14.5 cm; W: 9.3 cm; H: 3.8 cm, (with handle) 6.4 cm

Condition and Fabric: Thin crack on discus. Clay 5YR7/4 pink, glaze mostly 5YR6/3 light reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Leaf-shaped ornament handle with ring behind. Slightly outward-sloping shoulder with a row of small ovolos, separated from slightly concave discus by a raised circular molding with inner circular notched groove. Small central filling-hole. Two round-tipped nozzles, each with two large volutes, central volute shared; between them a thyrsus with pinecone end, as on cat. 155. Small knobs on lower ends of volutes, upper ends prominent and conspicuously arched. Raised base-ring, inside it three smaller rings.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Loeschcke III

Date: A.D. 80–120

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Central Anatolia

Parallels: None found; (near) Bailey BM III, Q 2686, pl. 76 (Cnidus).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

157

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.438.511

Dimensions: L: 19.6 cm; W: (body) 8.2 cm, (between outsides of nozzles) 11.4 cm; H: (body) 4.0 cm, (with handle) 11.2 cm

Condition and Fabric: Some restoration with overpaint. Clay 10YR6/1 gray, glaze 10YR4/1 dark gray.

Description: Moldmade. Vine-leaf ornament handle; ring below. Shoulder: Loeschcke form I. Two thin rings surround a small central filling-hole. Tiny unpierced air hole on discus molding. Two long voluted round-tipped nozzles. Raised base-ring marked off by two circular grooves.

Discus Iconography: Gladiatorial equipment.

Type: Loeschcke III; Bailey D group iii

Date: Tiberian to Flavian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: None found. For a close discus decor, see Bailey BM II, Q 1005, pl. 28.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

158

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.484

Dimensions: L: (with handle) 15.3 cm; W: (basin) 7.0 cm, (between outsides of nozzles) 8.3 cm; H: (basin) 3.0 cm, (with handle) 6.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR7/3 very pale brown, glaze near 10YR6/4 light yellowish brown (top); nozzles and bottom blackened.

Description: Moldmade. Crescent-ornament handle, crescent bordered by raised rim; ring behind. Shoulder: Loeschcke form IV a. Filling-hole in lower field. Two voluted round-tipped nozzles. Area decorated between nozzle volutes with two raised ridges. Circular base marked off by one groove.

Discus Iconography: Head of Medusa with snakes in her hair and tied beneath her chin.

Type: Loeschcke III; Bailey D group v

Date: Second half of first century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: None found; (close) Bailey BM II, Q 1029 and Q 1031, pl. 33; Hellmann 1987, no. 185, pl. 21.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

159

Inventory Number: 82.AQ.82

Dimensions: L: 14.7 cm; W: (body) 7.3 cm, (between outsides of nozzles) 8.2 cm; H: 2.2 cm, (with handle) 7.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Small chips; piece of discus missing; handle reattached. Incrustations. Clay 5YR6/6 reddish yellow, thick glaze between 2.5YR5/6 and 2.5YR4/6 red (two shades of brownish red).

Description: Moldmade, from worn plaster mold. Plastic ornament handle representing eagle with square spread wings; ring behind. Shoulder: Loeschcke form IV a. Concave discus. Small central filling-hole. Small slit air hole in lower field. Two voluted round-tipped nozzles; area between nozzle volutes decorated with two raised ornaments. Slightly raised circular flat base.

Discus Iconography: Rays from filling-hole.

Type: Loeschcke III; Bailey D group v

Date: Second half of first century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: (Near) Bussière 2000, no. 127, pl. 23, different eagle profile and discus decor.

Provenance: – 1982, Ms. Margaret Wier, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1982.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

160

Inventory Number: 78.AQ.348

Dimensions: L: 26.3 cm; W: (basin) 11.7 cm, (between outsides of nozzles) 16.5 cm; H: (basin) 4.8 cm, (with handle) 14.2 cm

Condition and Fabric: Ornament handle with portion of basin broken off and reattached; left nozzle broken off and reattached. Burn marks on both nozzles. Clay 7.5YR7/3 pinkish gray, glaze varying between 7.5YR6/4 light brown and 10YR6/6 brownish yellow.

Description: Moldmade. Triangular ornament handle with palmette above and acanthus leaves below; plain ring behind. Shoulder: Loeschcke form IV a. Concave discus with central filling-hole. Two double-volute nozzles with conspicuous knobs; area between nozzle volutes decorated with two raised ornaments. Flat base-ring marked off by one groove.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Loeschcke III; Bailey D group v

Date: Second half of first century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Unknown

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: – 1977, Fritz Ohrtmann (sold, Fine Antiquities, Christie’s, London, November 17, 1977, lot 236); by 1978, David Collins (Beverly Hills, California), donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1978.

Bibliography: Christie’s 1997, lot 236, pl. 13.

161

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.33

Dimensions: L: 11.0 cm; W: 8.5 cm; H: 3.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR7/3 very pale brown, faint traces of glaze in rills 10YR4/1 dark gray, a few lighter traces on exterior near 7.5YR7/6 reddish yellow.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Deep body with sloping sides. Shoulder with several rills, innermost band being wider. Filling-hole in lower field. Unpierced tiny air hole between shoulder-rills in front of nozzle. Unusually short and small volute-nozzle with rounded tip; burn marks. Three circular rounded ridges on base, separated by grooves.

Discus Iconography: Medusa head with snakes knotted under chin, surrounded by waves or imbricated S-pattern.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group i, early variants

Date: Augustan to Claudian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: (Identical) Goldman et al. 1950, p. 110, no. 149, fig. 99; same theme: Casas Genover and Soler Fusté 2006, no. G 496, pl. 33.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

162

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.151

Dimensions: L: 10.2 cm; W: 7.3 cm; H: 2.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR7/3 very pale brown, worn glaze between 5YR7/6 and 5YR6/6 reddish yellow (two close shades).

Description: Moldmade, from worn plaster mold. Inward-sloping shoulder with four rills. Filling-hole almost centered. Volute-nozzle with rounded tip; burn marks. Raised base-ring.

Discus Iconography: Crater at right, altar flanked by two palm branches at left.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group i, early variants

Date: Augustan to Claudian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

163

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.6

Dimensions: L: 12.1 cm; W: 7.3 cm; H: 4.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact (some surface loss on left basin). Part of left basin burned black; burn marks on nozzle. Clay 5YR6/6 reddish yellow, glaze varying between 2.5YR6/6 light red and 2.5YR4/4 reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle. Flat shoulder close to Loeschcke form II b. Deep discus; sloping sides with closely spaced radiating lines. Three grooves around discus. Filling-hole in lower left field. Channel with small air hole between discus and nozzle, ending above wick-hole. Volute-nozzle with rounded tip. Flat base, possibly with blurred base-ring.

Discus Iconography: Curled-up sleeping dog in high relief.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group i, early variants

Date: Augustan to Claudian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: None found. For the discus decor only: Kuzmanov 1992, p. 116, no. 290 (Bulgaria) (close to Bussière E I 4). For a different curled-up sleeping dog: Brants 1913, no. 870, pl. 6 (Loeschcke VIII); Bochum Museum, Schüller Collection, cat. no. 63, S 603 (Anatolia).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

164

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.347

Dimensions: L: 12.0 cm; W: 7.6 cm; H: 3.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Right side of shoulder chipped; handle missing. Clay 7.5YR6/4 light brown, glaze 10YR4/1 dark gray. Mica.

Description: Moldmade. Deep body. Flat shoulder with inward-sloping molding marked off by two grooves (Loeschcke form II a[?]). Between shoulder and flat-bottomed discus, inward-sloping band of closely spaced rays, beaded band, and thin ridge. Central filling-hole. Filling-hole connected to wick-hole by V-shaped channel bordered by two ridges that make a right-angled turn from filling-hole to edge of discus. Small air hole in channel. Round-tipped nozzle flanked by double-volutes with four conspicuous spines. Raised base-ring accompanied by thin inner ring.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group i, early variants

Date: Augustan to Claudian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Southern Anatolia

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

165

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.10

Dimensions: L: 12.1 cm; W: 7.5 cm; H: 3.1 cm

Condition and Fabric: Handle reattached. Clay 5YR7/6 reddish yellow, uneven glaze between 5YR6/1 gray and 5YR4/1 dark gray.

Description: Moldmade. Ribbon handle (askew) with central groove. Body with sloping sides. Flat shoulder with groove and row of ovolos. On inward-sloping wall, a band of closely spaced rays, a ridge, and a ring of beads; flat discus bottom around central filling-hole. Between discus and wick-hole purely decorative V-shaped channel with closed ends (thus deprived of its function to drain any spilled oil). Round-tipped volute nozzle; conspicuous volute-spines. Raised base-ring.

Discus Iconography: Rosette of four heart-shaped leaves.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group i, early variants

Date: Augustan to Claudian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: None found. (Near) Bochum Museum, Schüller Collection, cat. no. 62, S 683 (Anatolia).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

166

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.544

Dimensions: L: 11.6 cm; W: 7.5 cm; H: 2.4 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR5/4 reddish brown, glaze varying from 5YR6/3 light reddish brown to 5YR5/3 reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Ribbon handle with three grooves, attached to shoulder in one place only. Shoulder: Loeschcke form II a. Filling-hole lower right. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base with three raised pelta-shaped motifs in relief, evenly distributed.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Pantheistic female deity with helmet (Minerva?) seated to left, pouring libation on an altar in front of her on top of which is a rising snake; her left arm holds a cornucopia; the field is crammed with various attributes and symbols; counterclockwise, starting behind the goddess’s seat: eagle with spread wings (Jupiter), peacock (Juno), a face in a crescent (Luna), another small bird(?), two poppies (Morpheus), thyrsus (Bacchus), caduceus (Mercury), sistrum (Isis), a pair of pincers (Vulcan), and a kithara (Apollo).

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group ii

Date: Claudian to Flavian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Unknown

Parallels:
Loeschcke 1919, no. 606, with several refs.; Bailey 1965 (VAM), no. 231, pl. 10 = Bailey BM III, Q 920 bis, pl. 154 (planta pedis CCLOD); Heres 1972, no. 219, pl. 27 (Loeschcke V); Leibundgut 1977, p. 256, no. 526, pl. 24, motif 12; Di Filippo Balestrazzi 1988, vol. 2.2, no. 661, pl. 110, motif I.a.5.1 (fr.); Rodríguez Martín 2002, no. 76, pl. 17 (fr).

For the same pelta-shaped relief on a base, see Perlzweig 1961, pl. 4, no. 82 (with further refs.); Menzel 1969, p. 46, nos. 237 and 241–42; Ephesos IV, pl. XI, no. 82.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

Discussion: Bailey 1965 (VAM) interprets the goddess as Abundance; Leibundgut 1977 and Di Filippo Balestrazzi 1988 as Minerva Panthea; Loeschcke 1919 as Isis. The discus relief on this lamp is not very sharp, but thanks to Loeschcke’s drawing of his no. 606, pl. 7 (reproduced in Leibundgut 1977, pl. 24, motif 12), and to Di Filippo Balestrazzi 1988, vol. 2.2, no. 661, pl. 110, practically all the attributes can be identified.

167

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.120

Dimensions: L: 10.2 cm; W: 7.0 cm; H: 2.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR6/6 reddish yellow, glaze 2.5YR5/8 red.

Description: Moldmade. Body with sloping sides. Shoulder: Loeschcke form II b. Filling-hole slightly below center of discus. Small air hole between the two heads. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Circular base marked off by one groove.

Discus Iconography: Man and ram fighting; at right a man in loincloth in bent position with hands tied behind his back; the ram faces him standing on its hind legs; they are trying to knock each other out with their heads.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group ii

Date: Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Goethert-Polaschek 1985, nos. 236, pl. 39, 468, pl. 57, motif M 145, with further refs. (both the man and the ram can be represented alone, as on Loeschcke 1919, no. 279, pl. 13, and no. 433, pl. 4; Leibundgut 1977, p. 178, no. 574, pl. 46, motif no. 276 (fr.); Oziol 1977, no. 390, pl. 21; Di Filippo Balestrazzi 1988, vol. 2.2, nos. 531–35, pls. 94–95, motif III.a.13.2.2. (with further refs.); Fitzwilliam Museum, University of Cambridge, no. 1213, ref. no. XXXVII 24. Gr.40-1955 (Loeschcke I).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

168

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.107

Dimensions: L: 9.2 cm; W: 6.3 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR6/2 light brownish gray, glaze mostly 5YR5/2 reddish gray.

Description: Moldmade. Body with curved sides. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Filling-hole in lower field. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Frontal victorious gladiator (Thrax) looking left; he wears loincloth (subligaculum), greaves (ocreae), and crested helmet and holds his curved sword (sica).

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group ii

Date: Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Southern Anatolia

Parallels: Vegas 1966a, no. 44, pl. 7 (Novaesium); Deneauve 1969, no. 462, pl. 49; Bailey BM II, p. 54, Q 820, pl. 6, fig. 56; Bessi and Moncini 1980, no. 42, pl. 7; Bailey BM III, p. 57, Q 1909, fig. 67 (refs. to gladiator alone or with his adversary); (close) Bémont 2005, p. 161, fig. 11.7 (the one on the right).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

Discussion: The single person on the discus is half of a composition that appears elsewhere with two gladiators. He is reaching out his hand toward his defeated adversary, who is not represented here.

169

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.83

Dimensions: L: 10.7 cm; W: 7.3 cm; H: 2.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR7/4 pink, glaze 10R5/6 red.

Description: Moldmade. Body with curved sides. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Filling-hole in lower field. Unpierced air hole at top of nozzle. Round-tipped volute-nozzle; burn marks. Base-ring marked off by two grooves.

Discus Iconography: Actaeon leaning back, spear in left hand, right arm raising a club, ready to strike a hound leaping up against his right leg; he is nude except for drapery caught around his left arm; short horns are developing on his forehead.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group ii

Date: Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Egypt

Parallels: Loeschcke 1919, no. 718, pl. XV (fr.); Waagé 1941, p. 75, no. 104, fig. 77; Ponsich 1961, no. 58, pl. 7; Oziol 1977, nos. 456–61, pl. 24; Leibundgut 1977, p. 141, no. 44, pl. 28, motif 52; Sapelli 1979, no. 89, pl. 9 (Loeschcke I); Bailey BM II, Q 771, pl. 2, fig. 33; Williams 1981, no. 55, pl. 2 (Kenchreai); Goethert-Polaschek 1985, no. 52, pl. 17 (Loeschcke I); Bailey 1985, no. 156, fig. 4, and pl. VIII, Sidi Khrebish); Hellmann 1987, no. 118, pl. 12; Bailey BM III, p. 37, Q 2383, pl. 63, fig. 41 (with further refs.); Liesen 1994, fig. 6; Mlasowsky 1993, p. 119, no. 105 (fr.); Bémont 2002, p. 72, no. 397 (fr.); Rivet 2003, p. 145, no. 195 (fr.); Cologne Museum, Wollman collection, inv. no. W 3051; (close) Bochum Museum, Schüller Collection, cat. no. 69, S 681 (Tunisia); Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., acc. no. 25988, cat. no. 154496-B (Ephesus). See also LIMC 1.1, pp. 460–61, nos. 69–71, s.v. Aktaion.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

170

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.84

Dimensions: L: 11.3 cm; W: 8.0 cm; H: 3.0 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR7/3 pink, glaze 10YR5/4 yellowish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Body with curved sides. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Filling-hole on right side of discus. Unpierced air hole on top of nozzle. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Plain planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: Helmeted warrior standing at left, holding shield and spear, watching a woman lying on a bed below, nude to the waist: Mars and Rhea Silvia. Image orientation shifted to the left.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group ii

Date: Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

171

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.102

Dimensions: L: 11.0 cm; W: 6.8 cm; H: 2.2 cm

Condition and Fabric: Thin cracks across discus and body, restored; top overpainted. Clay near 7.5YR6/4 light brown, glaze varying between 2.5YR4/2 weak red and 2.5YR4/4 reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Body with curved sides. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Filling-hole in left field. Unpierced air hole on top of nozzle. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Cupid and Psyche embracing; he is nude, winged, and frontal; her backside is nude, a folded garment hangs from the crook of her left arm down to the ground, partly hiding her legs; she has her characteristic wings; hair tied up in a bun.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group ii

Date: Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Southern Anatolia

Parallels: Waldhauer 1914, no. 225, pl. 23; Broneer 1930, p. 181, no. 494, pl. 26; Heres 1972, p. 51, no. 232, pl. 28. LIMC 7.2, p. 457, no. 138b, s.v. Psyche. Same subject treated differently: Bartoli Santi and Bellori 1702, p. 7. For a forgery: Bailey BM III, Q 3378, pl. 129.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

172

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.398

Dimensions: L: 10.5 cm; W: 7.4 cm; H: 2.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Burn marks on nozzle. Clay 10R6/6 light red, same color glaze.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Filling-hole in right field. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Flat blurred circular base.

Discus Iconography: Ithyphallic nude grotesque moving to right; his raised right hand holds a penis; behind him his enormous genitals.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group ii

Date: Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: Christie’s 1998, lot 56. For other grotesques, see Bailey BM II, p. 60 (with further refs.); Bussière 2000, p. 190, decor II.d.10.(2–5).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

173

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.119

Dimensions: L: 10.6 cm; W: 7.4 cm; H: 2.1 cm

Condition and Fabric: Thin crack on discus and back, restored; some overpaint. Clay 10YR7/4 very pale brown, mottled glaze mostly 10YR5/2 grayish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Filling-hole slightly below center of discus. Small air hole on nozzle top. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Frontal head of Medusa within a laurel wreath.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group ii

Date: Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Rivet 2003, p. 137, nos. 120–29.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

174

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.103

Dimensions: L: 10.3 cm; W: 7.5 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Small chip in lower left shoulder. Clay near 2.5YR6/8 light red, glaze 10R5/8 red.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Filling-hole in right lower field. Unpierced air hole on nozzle; burn marks. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Slightly raised base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Nude winged Cupid, frontal, right hand holding a toy wheel resting on the ground, left hand holding a stick to roll it.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group ii

Date: Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: Loeschcke 1919, no. 352, pl. 16; Mlasowsky 1993, p. 141, no. 125.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

175

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.122

Dimensions: L: 8.7 cm; W: 6.0 cm; H: 2.4 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Burn marks on nozzle. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, partly worn glaze mostly 2.5YR5/6 red with some darker areas.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Filling-hole in lower right field. Unpierced air hole on nozzle. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse mark in center: ovolo.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Draped woman with tympanon to right—maenad(?).

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group ii

Date: Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Brun and Gagnière 1937, no. 78, pl. 6; Gualandi Genito 1977, no. 233, pl. 34 (identical); Ayala 1990, no. 24, fig. 14 (with palm added), who wrongly refers to Bailey BM III, addendum p. 456, Q 885 bis, pl. 154, fig. 13, which is a different motif; Robin Petitot 2000, p. 55, no. 83 (identical).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

176

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.438.139

Dimensions: L: 11.0 cm; W: 7.6 cm; H: 2.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Much restored and overpainted. Clay 7.5YR8/4 pink, overpainted surface near 10R4/6 red.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Filling-hole a bit below center of discus. Small air hole on shoulder near nozzle. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Workshop incuse mark: ovolo.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Winged Pegasus to left on groundline.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group ii

Date: Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Fernández Chicarro 1956, no. 8, fig. 60; Oziol 1977, no. 372, pl. 20; Leibundgut 1977, no. 119, pl. 33; Bailey BM II, p. 41, Q 1029, fig. 43 (with further refs.); Rodríguez Martín 2002, no. 139, pl. 28; Rivet 2003, p. 154, no. 266 (Loeschcke VIII).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

177

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.145

Dimensions: L: 9.8 cm; W: 6.8 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR7/4 very pale brown, worn mottled glaze between 7.5YR5/4 brown and 7.5YR4/2 dark brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Filling-hole in lower right center. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Monkey at left, disguised in a hooded cloak, trying to lure with a stick and glue a bird perched on top of a tree at right; the monkey has more sticks in his right hand.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group ii

Date: Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Novaesium

Parallels: (Same theme) Loeschcke 1919, no. 473, pl. 11; Bernhard 1955, no. 245, pl. 58; Leibundgut 1977, pl. 37, motif 169 (fragmented discus); Bailey BM II, p. 45, Q 904, pl. 15, fig. 48; Goethert-Polaschek 1985, nos. 428–98, pl. 53; Bailey BM III, p. 44, Q 1534, fig. 55 (with further refs.); Mlasowsky 1993, pp. 174–75, no. 153a; Robin Petitot 2000, p. 67, no. 195; Rivet 2003, p. 180, no. 516; Hanotte 2005, nos. 59–60, pl. 65, fig. 8; Chrzanovski 2006, p. 72, no. 95; an identical lamp is in the Study Gallery in Cologne Museum.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

Discussion: The discus motif may be an allusion to an Aesop fable (fox and raven).

178

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.88

Dimensions: L: 10.8 cm; W: 7.5 cm; H: 2.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay near 5YR7/3 pink, glaze mostly 10YR5/8 red.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Filling-hole below center of discus. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Jubilator, nude youth on horse galloping to right; right arm raised holding whip.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group ii

Date: Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: Brants 1913, no. 202, pl. 2 (Loeschcke I); Loeschcke 1919, no. 101, pl. 9 (Loeschcke I); Deneauve 1969, no. 475, pl. 50 (identical); Leibundgut 1977, p. 172, nos. 251–54, pl. 44, motif 247; Gualandi Genito 1977, no. 172, pl. 28 (Loeschcke I); Bailey BM II, pp. 58–59, Q 802, Q 894, and Q 933, fig. 61 (with further refs.); Bessi and Moncini 1980, no. 7, pl. 3; Goethert-Polaschek 1985, no. 372, pl. 33, motif M 124; Amaré Tafalla 1988, no. 81 (with further refs.); Bergès 1989, no. 61, fig. 34; Olcina, Reginard, and Sánchez 1990, p. 34, no. 24.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

179

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.99

Dimensions: L: 9.3 cm; W: 6.6 cm; H: 2.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Top edge chipped. Clay 10YR7/4 very pale brown, mottled glaze varying between 10YR5/2 grayish brown and 10YR6/4 light yellowish brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Filling-hole slightly above center of discus. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base-ring marked off by two circular grooves.

Discus Iconography: Warship with six pairs of oars sailing to left.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group ii

Date: Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Germany

Parallels: Loeschcke 1919, no. 460, pl. 11; Brun and Gagnière 1937, no. 79; Rodríguez Neila 1977, p. 395, nos. 34–35, pl. 33 (Osuna); Leibundgut 1977, p. 161, no. 208, pl. 36, motif 164 (Loeschcke I); Goethert-Polaschek 1987, nos. 1–3, fig. 19; Bailey BM III, p. 45, Q 2397–Q 2398, pl. 63, fig. 56 (Cyprus); Kunst der Antike 10, no. 236; Morillo Cerdán 1999, fig. 141, motif 56; Bussière 2000, no. 283, decor II.a.2.(2); Bémont 2002, p. 102, no. 146, D 157, pl. 13; Rivet 2003, p. 146, nos. 205–6; Nimes Museum, lamp inv. no. 908.51.1503; Museum of Art and Archaeology, University of Missouri–Columbia, acc. no. 70.112 (1).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

180

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.96

Dimensions: L: 11.3 cm; W: 7.7 cm; H: 2.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR6/4 light brown, glaze varying between 2.5YR5/4 reddish brown and 2.5YR5/6 red.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Filling-hole in left field. Small air hole on nozzle. Round-tipped volute-nozzle; burn marks. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s signature: double planta pedis CCLOD//CCLOD (back to back).

Discus Iconography: Fisherman to left, wearing tunic and round-rimmed hat, pulling out his net; rocks(?) behind him.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group ii

Date: A.D. 40–70 or even Flavian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Egypt

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

181

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.541

Dimensions: L: 10.0 cm; W: 7.2 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Tip of nozzle partly broken off; long thin crack along join of two halves; various surface chips. Clay near 5YR7/6 reddish yellow, Red-on-White glaze: light layer 5YR8/4 pink, red layer near 10R6/6 light red.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Filling-hole in lower field. Round-tipped volute-nozzle; burn marks. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Erotic scene on a bed; man at left kneeling and holding up the woman’s leg.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group ii

Date: Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Unknown

Parallels: Loeschcke 1919, no. 406, pl. 8; Evelein 1928, no. 39, pl. 5; Perlzweig 1961, no. 41, pl. 2; Deneauve 1969, no. 483, pl. 50; Heres 1972, no. 193, pl. 24; Leibundgut 1977, p. 163, no. 214, pl. 38, motif 176 (Loeschcke I); Gualandi Genito 1977, no. 242, pl. 35; Bailey BM II, Q 828, pl. 7, fig. 70, and Q 880, pl. 13; Goethert-Polaschek 1985, nos. 411–548, pl. 56; Carré 1995, nos. 370–71, fig. 44 (Bolsena); Larese and Sgreva 1996, p. 149, no. 226a; Chrzanovski et al. 2000, p. 66, no. 9; Moscara 2003, fig. 4, motif VII.1.3; Chrzanovski 2006, p. 67, no. 68; Casas Genover and Soler Fusté 2006, p. 158, no. G 628, pl. 38 (with further refs.); cat. 182.

Provenance: Before 1982, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); by 1982–1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Galerie Günter Puhze 1982, no. 257.

182

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.549

Dimensions: L: 10.5 cm; W: 7.6 cm; H: 2.4 cm

Condition and Fabric: Left shoulder partly broken; several cracks on basin and base restored; piece of basin missing. Clay 7.5YR7/2 pinkish gray, glaze mostly 5YR6/6 reddish yellow, with darker burned areas on top and lower part.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Filling-hole in lower field. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Slightly raised base-ring.

Discus Iconography: Erotic scene on a bed (very close to cat. 181): man at left kneeling and holding up the woman’s leg.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group ii

Date: Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Unknown

Parallels: Deneauve 1969, no. 483, pl. 50; Bailey BM II, Q 828, pl. 7, and Q 880, pl. 13, fig. 70; Casas Genover and Soler Fusté 2006, p. 158, no. G 628, pl. 38; cat. 181 with further refs.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

183

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.554

Dimensions: L: 10.5 cm; W: 7.6 cm; H: 2.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact except for minor chips. Clay 5YR6/4 light reddish brown, glaze originally(?) 2.5YR4/4 reddish brown; heavily burned both on top and lower part.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Filling-hole in lower field. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Erotic scene on a bed: man at left lying on his back, woman at right kneeling on top of him.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group ii

Date: Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Unknown

Parallels: Loeschcke 1919, no. 420, pl. 8; Oziol 1977, nos. 391–94, pl. 21; (close) Bailey BM II, p. 69, Q 804, Q 806, and Q 937, fig. 71 (with further refs.); Rivet 2003, p. 139, no. 138; Bochum Museum, Schüller Collection, cat. no. 232, S 666 identical (Anatolia).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

184

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.150

Dimensions: L: 11.9 cm; W: 8.3 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Thin crack on right lower part of top; much overpaint. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, glaze mostly 5YR5/6 yellowish red.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Central filling-hole. Small air hole on nozzle top. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: M.S. (CIL 8, 22644, no. 196).

Discus Iconography: Oak wreath tied at top with ribbons, eight leaves and two acorns.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group ii

Date: Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Joly 1974, p. 130, nos. 402–4, pl. 15; Bailey BM III, p. 89, Q 1688, fig. 113; Bussière 2000, p. 210, no. 510, decor IV.b.2.(1).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

185

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.94

Dimensions: L: 11.7 cm; W: 8.3 cm; H: 2.4 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact; modern overpaint. Clay near 5YR6/2 pinkish gray, glaze between 2.5YR4/4 and 2.5YR4/6 reddish brown and red.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VI a. Filling-hole in left field. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Two nude women at a water basin with fluted base; left one pouring water from a jug.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group ii

Date: Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: (Close) Iványi 1935, no. 6, pl. 2 (Loeschcke I); Lerat 1954, no. 127, pl. 16 (fr.); Deneauve 1969, no. 334, pl. 39, and no. 615, pl. 62 (Loeschcke V); Vikić-Belančić 1976, pl. 4.5 (Loeschcke I); Hellmann 1987, no. 149, pl. 16 (Loeschcke V); Mlasowsky 1993, p. 81, no. 68; Larese and Sgreva 1996, no. 53a (Loeschcke I); Morillo Cerdán 1999, no. 11 (discus fr.); Bussière 2000, no. 459, pl. 40 (Loeschcke V), decor I.a.8.(8); Buzov 2006, p. 178, no. 5, pl. 1 (Loeschcke I); Casas Genover and Soler Fusté 2006, no. G 413, pl. 30; Gorny and Mosch 2006, p. 198, lot 576 (Loeschcke V).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

Discussion: LIMC 2.2, p. 43, no. 452, s.v. Aphrodite, a bronze mirror in the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, shows the same two figures, but behind the water basin one can see a small statue of Venus/Aphrodite standing on a pillar.

186

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.74

Dimensions: L: 10.7 cm; W: 8.5 cm; H: 2.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR6/4 light brown, mottled glaze varying between 5YR5/4 and 5YR4/2 reddish brown and dark reddish gray.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Filling-hole in lower right field. Small air hole on nozzle. Round-tipped volute-nozzle; burn marks. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Closely draped standing figure playing kithara (Muse?).

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group ii

Date: Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Southern Anatolia

Parallels: Waldhauer 1914, no. 205, pl. 19; Bernabò Brea and Cavalier 1965, no. 20, pl. 229 (Loeschcke I); Belchior 1969, pl. 10.1 (fr.); Oziol 1977, nos. 465–67, pl. 25; Sapelli 1979, no. 114, pl. 11; Bailey BM II, Q 817 (with further refs.); Bessi and Moncini 1980, no. 116, pl. 15; Hellmann 1987, no. 244, pl. 30 (Loeschcke VIII); Bailey BM III, Q 2376–Q 2377, pl. 63, and Q 2431, pl. 64; Heimerl 2001, motif M.1–2, 5; Chrzanovski 2006, p. 63, no. 49; Bémont and Chew 2007, pp. 181, 441, pl. 16, IT 21.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

Discussion: For the discus motif, Bailey hesitates between Apollo, a Muse, or Orpheus (Bailey BM II, Q 817). The Getty lamp decor suggests a female silhouette—a Muse—an interpretation shared by Hellmann 1987 (no. 244) and by Bémont and Chew 2007 (IT 21).

187

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.64

Dimensions: L: 11.1 cm; W: 7.6 cm; H: 2.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR6/6 reddish yellow, mottled glaze varying between 2.5YR6/6 light red and 2.5YR5/6 red.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Filling-hole in lower field. Unpierced air hole on nozzle with burn marks. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Large plain planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: Lion to right on top of stag, biting its throat.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group ii

Date: Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Given by Schüller as being north African, but more likely from the eastern Mediterranean.

Parallels: None found for this presumably eastern Mediterranean lamp; on lamps from the western part of the Mediterranean one sees a popular decor with a lion killing a mule or a horse in a not very different position (see cat. 188 or Bailey BM II, p. 161, Q 866, and p. 72, fig. 75).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

188

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.62

Dimensions: L: 12.3 cm; W: 8.9 cm; H: 2.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR7/3 very pale brown, unevenly preserved glaze 10YR5/2 grayish brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Filling-hole lower right. Small air hole on nozzle top. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Workshop mark: letter I or vertical line in relief.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Lion to right, head frontal, killing mule lying under him; feline’s tail curled up.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group ii

Date: Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Brants 1913, no. 165, pl. 2 (Loeschcke I); (identical) Loeschcke 1919, no. 484, pl. 11; Kricheldorf 1962, no. 27, pl. 3, and no. 66, pl. 8 (signed L.M.C.); Deneauve 1969, no. 497, pl. 51; Heres 1972, no. 76, pl. 12 (Loeschcke I); Rosenthal and Sivan 1978, p. 30, no. 99; Bailey BM II, p. 161, Q 866, pl. 11, and p. 72, fig. 75; Goethert-Polaschek 1985, no. 489, pl. 58; Hellmann 1985, p. 9, no. 6 (Loeschcke I), (FAVSTI), the lion’s tail is different; Bergès 1989, no. 47, fig. 32; Morillo Cerdán 1999, nos. 226–28; Bussière 2000, decor III.a.1.(24) (with further refs.); Chrzanovski 2006, p. 51; Pace 2008, p. 18 (fr.).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

189

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.137

Dimensions: L: 9.0 cm; W: 6.3 cm; H: 2.0 cm

Condition and Fabric: Clay 7.5YR8/2 whitish pink, worn glaze 10R5/6 red.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a var. Filling-hole close to center of discus. Round-tipped volute-nozzle with burn marks. Base marked off by one circular groove. Incuse potter’s signature: L.M.C. (Bailey BM II, p. 98, signature L.M.C., p. 171, Q 910, same type, with same mark, dated ca. A.D. 40–90).

Discus Iconography: Lion to left attacking crocodile from behind.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group ii

Date: A.D. 40–90

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Deneauve 1969, no. 499, pl. 52 (CYL); Heres 1972, no. 146, pl. 19; Ennabli, Salomonson, and Mahjoubi 1973, nos. 40, 158 (MNOVIVSTI) (Raqqada); Hellmann 1987, no. 139, pl. 15; Mlasowsky 1993, p. 205, nos. 192–93; Bussière 2000, p. 261, no. 307, pl. 33, and p. 197, decor III.a.4.(1) (with further refs.); Rivet 2003, p. 178, no. 487; Larese and Sgreva 1996, p. 222, no. 299 (Loeschcke VIII); Bochum Museum, Schüller Collection, cat. no. 43, S 637 (Loeschcke I) (Tunisia).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

190

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.546

Dimensions: L: 10.0 cm; W: 7.1 cm; H: 2.1 cm

Condition and Fabric: Minor chips. Clay 7.5YR6/4 light brown, glaze 10R5/8 red; burned on bottom of basin and nozzle.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a var. Filling-hole on right side of discus. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Winged Cupid at left; at right, animal resembling a mastiff or a feline(?), both individually tied by ropes to the top of a swiveling post; each rope is fixed to a belt around their waists; they are turning or jumping around with the movement of the contraption; the animal has seized Cupid’s left leg with its paw; this decor is a playful version of a cruel game in the amphitheater. See also cat. 191.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group ii

Date: Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Unknown

Parallels: Identical lamp in Chesneau’s collection (Loeschcke type VIII), inv. no. 6239 in Saint-Omer Museum (Defives and Gernez 1971), shows a somewhat similar swiveling post; see also Palol 1950, no. 95, fig. 111; Kunst der Antike 11, no. 227; Rodríguez González 1989, fig. 1.8 (Santomé); Casas Genover and Soler Fusté 2006, no. G 1223, pl. 82, for another swiveling contraption with a man and an animal, a scene those authors consider associated with the circus. See also Cassiodorus Variae 5.42 (ed. Barnish, 1992), esp. p. 92, n. 11.

Provenance: Before 1981, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); by 1981–1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Galerie Günter Puhze 1981, no. 246; Galerie Günter Puhze 1982, no. 249.

191

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.106

Dimensions: L: 9.6 cm; W: 6.8 cm; H: 2.2 cm

Condition and Fabric: Small hole in molding at left. Clay 7.5YR6/4 light brown, mottled glaze 2.5YR4/8 red and 2.5YR4/2 weak red, both shades with considerable brown quality.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a var. Filling-hole on right side of discus. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Workshop mark in relief: similar to letter V, upside down. See also cat. 190.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Winged Cupid at left, a mastiff or a feline(?) at right; both individually tied by a rope to the top of a swiveling post; each rope is fixed to a belt around their waists; they are turning around the pole; the beast has seized Cupid’s left leg, ready to bite; reference to a circus game(?).

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group ii

Date: Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: See cat. 190 and parallels given there.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

192

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.52

Dimensions: L: 12.2 cm; W: 5.2 cm; H: 2.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Broken nozzle restored. Clay 7.5YR7/2 pinkish gray, mottled glaze between 5YR4/4 and 5YR5/4 reddish brown, in two shades.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a var. Filling-hole left of central field. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s mark in slight relief: letter D (barbotine).

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Helmeted Hercules, himation flowing behind his right shoulder, armed with spear and shield, fighting serpent in the Garden of the Hesperides.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group ii

Date: Late Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: (Close) Bailey BM II, p. 159, Q 856, p. 225, Q 1066, and p. 34, fig. 31 (with further refs.). Same theme treated differently: Rey-Coquais 1964, no. 17, pl. 3; Mlasowsky 1993, p. 113, no. 98; Kunst der Antike 11, no. 232.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

193

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.59

Dimensions: L: 12.8 cm; W: 9.4 cm; H: 2.9 cm

Condition and Fabric: A few thin cracks on base; some surface chips and overpaint on top; base incrustations. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, glaze varying from 10R5/6 red (top) to 7.5YR4/4 dark brown (bottom).

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a var. Filling-hole in lower left field. Small air hole on nozzle top. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Helmeted Minerva in long flowing chiton with overfold, standing to left holding long spear and round shield.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group ii

Date: Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Southern Anatolia

Parallels: (Identical) Schäfer and Marczoch 1990, p. 40, no. 34; (close) Zaccaria Ruggiu 1980, p. 95, no. 122; Djuric 1995, p. 42, no. C 110; Bussière 2000, no. 265, pl. 31, decor I.a.7.(1) (with further refs.); Rodríguez Martín 2002, nos. 32–33 and 35, pl. 10 (frr.); (close) Bochum Museum, Schüller Collection, cat. no. 64, S 711, and cat. no. 252, S 831 (with vertical spear) (Tunisia).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

194

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.130

Dimensions: L: 12.4 cm; W: 8.6 cm; H: 2.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Thin cracks on top and body; restored. Clay 10YR6/4 light yellowish brown, glaze varying between 10YR5/4 and 10YR5/6 yellowish brown, two shades.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form II a. Central filling-hole. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Rosette of twelve petals with rounded ends.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group ii

Date: Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Bussière 2000, pp. 208–9, decor IV.a.5.(5), with refs.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

195

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.438.138

Dimensions: L: 9.6 cm; W: 6.2 cm; H: 2.4 cm

Condition and Fabric: Thin cracks on right shoulder, discus, and base; restored and partly overpainted. Clay 7.5YR8/4 pink, mottled glaze varying between 7.5YR5/2 brown and 7YR4.2 dark brown.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a var. Filling-hole in lower discus. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Wicker basket with two fish; two fowl next to it.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group ii

Date: Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Loeschcke 1919, nos. 659–61, pl. 11 (Loeschcke VIII); Brun and Gagnière 1937, nos. 198 and K 205; Leibundgut 1977, p. 159, no. 659, pl. 35, motif 153 (fr.); Bouzek 1978, no. 19; Hellmann 1987, no. 142, pl. 15; Mlasowsky 1993, p. 311, no. 303; Bémont 2002, p. 103, D 160, nos. 147–48 (with further refs.); Rivet 2003, p. 175, no. 437; Bémont and Chew 2007, pp. 239, 461, pl. 36, GA 46 (Loeschcke I).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

196

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.75

Dimensions: L: 10.1 cm; W: 7.1 cm; H: 2.2 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact; glaze better preserved on lower part. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, uneven remains of glaze 5YR5/4 reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a var. Filling-hole in lower field. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Bearded bare-chested elderly man standing to left in front of a lit altar, playing double-flute (auloi); two small trees flank the altar, two cymbals hang above.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group ii

Date: Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

Discussion: For cymbals similar to the ones on this discus, see Bisi Ingrassia 1977, pl. 48, 10a, who associates them with a Phrygian flute, both instruments dedicated to the cult of Cybele.

197

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.95

Dimensions: L: 12.5 cm; W: 8.8 cm; H: 2.9 cm

Condition and Fabric: Many cracks on top and bottom; repaired and overpainted. Clay 10YR7/3 very pale brown, uneven remains of glaze mostly 2.5YR5/6 red.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a var. Filling-hole in lower field. Air hole on nozzle top. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Raised base-ring marked by two grooves.

Discus Iconography: Triton, his legs covered with scales and ending in curled fishtails, blowing into long conch shell in his right hand; in his left, a rudder with voluted top end close to his ear.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group ii

Date: Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Álvarez-Ossorio 1942, p. 282, fig. 4; Williams 1981, no. 94, pl. 4 (fr.); Bailey BM III, p. 5, Q 1878, fig. 4; Palanques 1992, no. 324, pl. 10; Koutoussaki 2008, p. 125, no. 144 (Loeschcke VIII); (close) Siebert 1966, p. 507, fig. 25 (Athens); Bruneau 1971, p. 481, fig. 42 (Patras). For further near parallels of a Triton, see LIMC 7.1, p. 493, and 7.2, p. 390, nos. 116 and 118, s.v. Neptunus; LIMC 8.2, p. 55, no. 77b, s.v. Tritones. A mosaic from Cadiz, LIMC 8.2, p. 49, no. 30a, s.v. Tritones; a sarcophagus from Capua, LIMC 8.2, p. 50, no. 33, s.v. Tritones; and a marble statue in the Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek, Copenhagen, LIMC 8.2, p. 51, no. 45, s.v. Tritones, all show clearly that the Triton is blowing a conch shell much longer than the one on the Getty lamp.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

198

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.146

Dimensions: L: 11.8 cm; W: 7.2 cm; H: 2.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Burn marks on nozzle. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, mottled worn glaze 2.5YR5/6 red.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with two grooves. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a var. Filling-hole in lower left. Unpierced air hole on nozzle top. Round-tipped volute-nozzle with burn marks. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Cock to right.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group ii

Date: Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: Goethert-Polaschek 1985, nos. 138–263, pl. 40, motif M.198 (Loeschcke I); Gualandi Genito 1986, p. 164, no. 15 (Loeschcke I, near); Casas Genover and Soler Fusté 2006, no. G 282, pl. 21; Bochum Museum, Schüller Collection, cat. no. 103, S 721 (Anatolia).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

199

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.60

Dimensions: L: 12.3 cm; W: 8.6 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Small chip on upper part of shoulder; some overpaint. Clay 5YR6/4 light reddish brown, glaze 2.5YR5/6 red.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a var. Filling-hole slightly above center. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s mark: letter C in relief. Curved groundline.

Discus Iconography: Two gladiators (essedarii): victor standing at left, raising oval shield above his head and holding short curved sword in his right hand; his vanquished adversary is falling, one knee to the ground, oval shield lying in front of him. Victor’s name, VALERIVS, in tabula ansata in lower field.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group ii

Date: Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Southern Anatolia

Parallels: Bailey BM II, p. 52, fig. 55, and p. 161, Q 864, with another victor’s name in a tabula ansata: DIONISI (several refs. given p. 53); Morillo Cerdán 1999, decor 72; Bémont 2005, fig. 3. For a representation of the defeated gladiator alone, see cat. 132 (Loeschcke type I).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

200

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.104

Dimensions: L: 11.0 cm; W: 7.6 cm; H: 2.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Cracks on shoulder and discus. Clay near 10YR6/2 light brownish gray, much-burned glaze between 10YR5/1 gray and 10YR4/1 dark gray.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III b. Filling-hole in lower left. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: COPPIRES, workshop active during Late Flavian to Early Antonine period. Short vertical line under the signature.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Cupid walking to left on wavy groundline, carrying Hercules’ club on his back and an arrow in his right hand.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group ii

Date: Late Flavian to Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Brants 1913, no. 709, pl. 5 (Loeschcke VIII); Ferreira de Almeida 1953, no. 64, pl. 34; Skinkel-Taupin 1980, no. 18a–b (Loeschcke VIII, signed CLO.HELI); Bussière 2000, no. 329, pl. 35, decor I.b.1.(22) (with further refs.); Chrzanovski et al. 2000, p. 22, no. 1, pl. 1; Mlasowsky 1993, p. 133, no. 112 (Loeschcke VIII); Bochum Museum, Schüller Collection, cat. no. 68, S 695 (Tunisia); cat. 215.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

201

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.93

Dimensions: L: 11.1 cm; W: 7.7 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact except for slight chip on filling-hole. Clay 10YR6/2 light brownish gray, glaze mostly 5YR5/2 reddish gray, bottom grayish, burned.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form IV a. Filling-hole at left. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: SOTE.

Discus Iconography: Nude Mars standing frontally, holding plumed helmet in his right hand, spear in his left; shield slung over his left arm.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group ii

Date: Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Deneauve 1969, no. 407, pl. 45; Rodríguez Martín 2002, no. 43, pl. 12 (fr.).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

202

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.57

Dimensions: L: 10.9 cm; W: 7.8 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Thin crack on upper discus, several on bottom; restored and overpainted. Clay 10YR7/3 very pale brown, uneven glaze mostly 7.5YR5/4 brown.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form IV a. Filling-hole close to center of discus. Unpierced air hole on top of nozzle. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: L.M.SA.

Discus Iconography: Two nude wrestlers (pancratists); victor standing at right (backview) looking to right; knocked-out adversary half lying on the ground.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group ii

Date: Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Deneauve 1969, nos. 468 (GABINIA) and 469–470 (EROTIS), pl. 49; Bussière and Rivel 2012, no. 113 (LMADIEC); Bochum Museum, Schüller Collection, cat. no. S 0735 (L.M.S.A.) (Tunisia).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

203

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.399

Dimensions: L: 10.1 cm; W: 6.8 cm; H: 2.4 cm

Condition and Fabric: Short crack on discus; modern overpaint all over. Clay 7.5YR6/4 light brown, modern overpaint near 2.5YR4/4 reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form IV a. Filling-hole in lower field. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse mark not totally legible: probably LMVNSVC, workshop active during Late Flavian to Trajanic period.

Discus Iconography: Erotic scene: man lying on bed to left; woman with her back to him squatting on top of him.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group ii

Date: Late Flavian to Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

204

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.123

Dimensions: L: 9.9 cm; W: 6.9 cm; H: 2.4 cm

Condition and Fabric: Thin cracks on nozzle, rim, and discus. Clay 10YR7/2 light gray, partly worn varying glaze 10YR5/2 to 10YR5/3 grayish brown and brown.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form IV a. Filling-hole lower left. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s signature in light relief (barbotine): M SV.

Discus Iconography: Elderly man wearing hat and tunic walking to left, bent under the weight of a basket and an animal (rabbit[?]) affixed to opposite ends of a long curved pole over his left shoulder; right hand holding walking stick.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group ii

Date: Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Deneauve 1969, no. 479, pl. 50; Boube 1977, p. 442, pl. CXCV.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

205

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.143

Dimensions: L: 11.0 cm; W: 7.6 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Several thin cracks on shoulder, discus, and base; restored. Clay 7.5YR6/4 light brown, glaze mostly 7.5YR5/4 brown.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form IV a. Filling-hole in lower field. Small air hole at top of nozzle. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: CCLOSVC, workshop active A.D. 80/90–140.

Discus Iconography: Dove to right on an olive branch, pecking at a fruit.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group ii

Date: Late Flavian to Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Kricheldorf 1962, nos. 77–80, pl. 9; Heres 1972, no. 79, pl. 12 (Loeschcke I); Guéry 1985, no. 188e, pl. 1 (MVNTREP) (Sétif); Bailey BM III, p. 81, fig. 102, and p. 304, Q 2418–Q 2420 (Cyprus); Bussière 2000, decor III.b.6.(2), with several refs. to this very popular motif in most parts of the Roman Empire; Hellmann 1985, p. 24, no. 20 (SYRTEPI) (Loeschcke VIII); Casas Genover and Soler Fusté 2006, no. G 115, pl. 10 (fr.); (close) Bémont and Chew 2007, pp. 255, 468, pl. 43, GA 112 (Vaison[?]).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

206

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.141

Dimensions: L: 11.0 cm; W: 7.7 cm; H: 2.4 cm

Condition and Fabric: A few cracks over top and bottom; restored; overpainted all over. Clay hidden by modern overpaint near 2.5YR4/4 reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form IV a. Filling-hole in lower field. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: GABINIA, workshop active A.D. 80–140.

Discus Iconography: Dove to right on an olive branch, pecking at a fruit (motif identical to cat. 205); seven dots incised around tail.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group ii

Date: Late Flavian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: See cat. 205.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

207

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.87

Dimensions: L: 10.3 cm; W: 7.4 cm; H: 2.6.

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay near 7.5YR7/2 pinkish gray, uneven glaze varying between 2.5YR5/6 red and 5YR4/2 dark reddish gray.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form IV a. Deep discus. Filling-hole in lower field. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Deer running to right attacked by a dog in the foreground.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group ii

Date: Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: Kirsch 2002, no. 45, pl. 5, motif 184 (with further refs.).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

208

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.121

Dimensions: L: 9.8 cm; W: 7.0 cm; H: 2.1 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR7/2 light gray, mottled glaze mostly 2.5YR5/4 reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VI a. Filling-hole in lower field. Unpierced air hole on nozzle. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Two heads or busts, actors or theater masks(?), with abundant hair (the one at right slightly tilting, mouth closed). Under each of them, a garment or support(?) with one vertical and four horizontal lines.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group iii

Date: Late Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

209

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.53

Dimensions: L: 12.1 cm; W: 8.7 cm; H: 3.0 cm

Condition and Fabric: Filling-hole chipped. Clay near 5YR 5/2 reddish gray, glaze originally 10R4/6 dark yellowish brown; parts burned darker.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VI a. Filling-hole in lower field. Small air hole at top of nozzle. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base-ring marked off by two grooves. Plain planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: Ulysses tied with ropes under a ram’s belly to escape from the cave of Polyphemus; the figure might be one of Ulysses' companions, for he is not wearing the hero’s conical hat, as on cat. 213 and cat. 219, but a round sailor’s hat, as on cat. 259).

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group iii

Date: Late Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Southern Anatolia

Parallels: Álvarez-Ossorio 1942, fig. 2; Deneauve 1969, no. 440, pl. 47; Heres 1972, no. 128, pl. 17; Oziol 1977, nos. 608–11 (Loeschcke VIII); Leibundgut 1977, p. 142, no. 142, pl. 28, motif 56; Bailey BM III, p. 36, Q 2482–Q 2483 (with further refs.), Q 2483, pl. 67, fig. 40 (Loeschcke VIII, from Cyprus); Palanques 1992, no. 839, pl. 33; Rodríguez Martín 2002, no. 122 (complete), no. 121 (fr.), pl. 25; Casas Genover and Soler Fusté 2006, no. G 483, pl. 32 (fr.); Svoboda 2006, p. 55, no. 54; LIMC 8.2, p. 670, no. 37, s.v. Polyphemos I.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

210

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.61

Dimensions: L: 12.5 cm; W: 8.9 cm; H: 2.9 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR6/3 pale brown, glaze 10YR4/3 dark brown.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VI a. Filling-hole in lower field. Small air hole on top of nozzle. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Dolphin to left with trident.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group iii

Date: Late Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Southern Anatolia

Parallels: Israeli and Avida 1988, p. 28, no. 29.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

211

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.92

Dimensions: L: 10.1 cm; W: 6.8 cm; H: 2.2 cm

Condition and Fabric: Several cracks on upper front and base; much restored; base incrustations. Clay 10YR7/3 very pale brown, glaze mostly 2.5YR5/4 reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VI a. Filling-hole lower right with remains of corroded iron wick-nail. Unpierced small air hole on top of nozzle. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: C.OPPI.RES.

Discus Iconography: Bust of bearded Hadrian to right, wearing laurel wreath tied with streamers; drapery on shoulder; scepter in front of him.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group iii

Date: Hadrianic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: (Identical) Waldhauer 1914, no. 216, pl. 21 (ROMANESIS); Walters 1914, p. 209, no. 1386, fig. 326 (fr.); Álvarez-Ossorio 1942, p. 280, no. 4–13.506, figs. 2–4; Kricheldorf 1962, no. 60, pl. 7 (C.OPPI.RES); Bruneau 1965, no. 4604, pl. 30 (Delos); Bailey BM II, p. 226, Q 1073, pl. 37, fig. 47 = Walters 1914, no. 1386; Williams 1981, no. 137, pl. 6 (ROMANESIS) (Kenchreai); Kunst der Antike 10, no. 232; Hellmann 1985, pp. 13–14, no. 13 (ROMANIIS) (Cyprus); Schäfer and Marczoch 1990, p. 41, no. 36 (Egypt); Hübinger 1993, no. 124, pl. 15 (Rome); Mlasowsky 2003, p. 184, figs. 1–3 (interpreted as Domitian and probably signed L.MADIEC). (The same bust without scepter): Bruneau 1965, no. 4605, pl. 30 (Delos); Raselli-Nydegger 2005, fig. 13; Bochum Museum, Schüller Collection, cat. no. S 1097, pict. 2010–02–03.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

Discussion:
Bailey assigns the end of production of his type B = Loeschcke type IV to the Trajanic period (BM II, p. 157). Logically, there would be a chronological incompatibility with a lamp of this type showing Hadrian’s portrait. But later, Bailey admits that the production of Cnidian lamps of his type B lasted until the beginning of Hadrian’s reign, as proved by several lamps of this type bearing that emperor's portrait (Bailey BM III, p. 327).

Following the earlier chronology of the type given in BM II, Mlasowsky is the only author to assume that the portrait is Domitian’s. However, the portraits of Domitian we have consulted—on sculptures and coins, in addition to the examples given by Mlasowsky (2003, figs. 4–6)—do not show the emperor with a beard, in contrast to the portraits of Hadrian. It is surprising that Mlasowsky does not mention any parallels to the Hanover lamp he publishes, nor does he refer to the commonly accepted interpretation of the portrait as Hadrian (Mlasowsky 2003, p. 184, figs. 1–3).

212

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.51

Dimensions: L: 12.9 cm; W: 9.0 cm; H: 2.9 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, mottled glaze varying between 7.5YR4/4 dark brown and 7.5YR5/4 brown.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VI a. Filling-hole lower left. Small air hole at top of nozzle. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Small planta pedis with illegible letters.

Discus Iconography: Apollo to right, legs draped, seated on an elaborate chair, playing the kithara.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group iii

Date: Late Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Heres 1972, no. 20, pl. 5 (Loeschcke III); Oziol 1977, no. 464, pl. 25; Bailey BM II, p. 11, Q 1057, fig. 6 (fr.) (with further refs.); Bonnet 1988, fig. 10.7, motif 2.P.A-D2; (close) Bessi and Moncini 1980, no. 117, pl. 15.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

213

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.55

Dimensions: L: 11.7 cm; W: 8.3 cm; H: 2.9 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR6/4 light reddish brown, glaze mostly 2.5YR5/6 red.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VI a. Filling-hole left of center. Tiny air hole at top of round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Double vertical planta pedis inscribed PVF PVF, workshop active Neronian to Flavian period, according to Bailey (BM II, p. 103).

Discus Iconography: Bearded Ulysses, wearing his typical pointed cap and tunic, holding out his right hand, half kneeling; gabled building behind him.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group iii

Date: Neronian to Flavian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Southern Anatolia

Parallels: Ponsich 1961, no. 63, pl. 6; Bailey BM II, pp. 35–37, Q 929, fig. 32; Rodríguez Martín 2002, no. 124, pl. 25; Bochum Museum, Schüller Collection, cat. no. 77, S 0732 (Tunisia).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

214

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.111

Dimensions: L: 10.7 cm; W: 7.8 cm; H: 2.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: Many cracks across discus and base. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, glaze 2.5YR5/6 red; parts slightly burned.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VI b. Filling-hole lower left. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: GABINIA, workshop dated Late Flavian to Early Antonine (Bailey BM II, p. 96). Relief mark under signature: maybe letter D(?).

Discus Iconography: Half-dressed winged Victory standing frontal, right hand holding a wreath, left a palm branch.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group iii

Date: Late Flavian to Early Antonine

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Bussière 2000, p. 166, no. 332, pl. 35, decor I.b.9.(1) (with further refs.); Rodríguez Martín 2002, no. 90, pl. 19 (fr.); Svoboda 2006, no. 56; see also cat. 224.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

215

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.105

Dimensions: L: 11.0 cm; W: 7.6 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Thin cracks on discus and back. Clay 10YR6/4 light yellowish brown, glaze 7.5YR5/4 brown.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form IV a. Filling-hole in left field. Air hole at top of nozzle. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: CCLO.SVC, workshop active Late Flavian to Early Antonine.

Discus Iconography: Cupid walking to left on wavy groundline, carrying Hercules’ club on his back and an arrow in his right hand.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group iii

Date: Late Flavian to Early Antonine

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Heres 1972, no. 202, pl. 32 (Loeschcke VIII); Bussière 2000, no. 329, pl. 35 (with further refs.); Kunst der Antike 13, no. 154 (LMVNPHILE) (Loeschcke VIII); Bochum Museum, Schüller Collection, cat. no. 161, S 809 (Loeschcke IV) (Tunisia); cat. 200.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

216

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.548

Dimensions: L: 9.2 cm; W: 4.7 cm; H: 2.4 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR8/3 very pale brown, glaze 5YR5/4 reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VI b. Filling-hole slightly below center. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove, with impressed central dot.

Discus Iconography: Boar rushing to right.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group iii

Date: Late Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Unknown

Parallels: Lyster 1970, no. 20, fig. 7; Farka 1977, p. 136, motif 114; Boube 1977, p. 464, pl. CCXVII (Bab Zaër, Morocco); Olcina, Reginard, and Sánchez 1990, p. 26, no. 12; Bussière 2000, p. 197, no. 340, pl. 36, decor III.a.6.(1) (with further refs.); Bochum Museum, Schüller Collection, cat. no. 114, S 697 (Tunisia), and cat. no. 171, S 789 (Loeschcke VIII) (Tunisia).

Provenance: Before 1982, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); by 1982–1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Galerie Günter Puhze 1982, no. 252.

217

Inventory Number: 81.AQ.38.1

Dimensions: L: 10.5 cm; W: 7.5 cm; H: 2.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact; from worn mold. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, glaze mostly 2.5YR5/4 reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII b. Central filling-hole. Small air hole on upper part of round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Blurred potter’s signature; of five or six letters only the first is legible: C.

Discus Iconography: Two helmeted gladiators in combat; the right one, lifting both arms, has dropped his shield and holds a short sword in his left hand; the left one, who seems to be the winner, is raising a rectangular convex shield and holding a sica.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group iii

Date: Late Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Tunisia

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: – 1981, William L. Eagleton, Jr., American, 1926–2011, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1981.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

218

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.159

Dimensions: L: 8.1 cm; W: 5.8 cm; H: 2.4 cm

Condition and Fabric: Restored from several frr. Clay 2.5YR5/6 red, glaze between 10YR6/1 and 10YR4/1 gray and dark gray; burned(?).

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Shoulder: Loeschcke form II a. Discus rosette separated from central filling-hole by a molding with three ridges. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base-ring marked off by two grooves.

Discus Iconography: Counterclockwise swirling rosette with eighteen petals.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group iii

Date: Late Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: (Identical) Deneauve 1969, no. 366, pl. 42 (Loeschcke I); Larese and Sgreva 1996, nos. 55 and 59 (Loeschcke I); Morillo Cerdán 1999, fig. 156, motif 189 (with further refs.); Bussière 2000, no. 249, decor V.a.1 (1) (with further refs.) (Loeschcke IV); Heimerl 2001, fig. 13, motif 392; Bémont 2002, no. 166, pl. 16 (close); Hanotte 2005, no. 61, pl. 65, fig. 8; (close) Casas Genover and Soler Fusté 2006, no. G 286, pl. 21; Bémont and Chew 2007, pp. 264, 473, pl. 48, GA 150.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

219

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.54

Dimensions: L: 12.4 cm; W: 9.1 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Three thin cracks on discus. Clay 10YR6/2 light brownish gray, glaze varying between 10YR4/2 dark grayish brown and 7.5YR5/2 brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VI b. The details of the discus iconography are not visible on the BM lamp discus (see discussion below), whose lower right part is missing. Filling-hole lower left. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s mark in slight relief: letter T.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Ulysses and Neoptolemus stealing the bow of Philoctetes; bird (crow[?]) perching on Philoctetes’ right foot; two wounded birds lying in the foreground.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group iii

Date: First century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Southern Anatolia

Parallels: Bailey BM II, p. 35, Q 1069, pl. 37, fig. 32, which is published in LIMC 7.1, p. 383, no. 68, s.v. Philoktetes, and illustrated in LIMC 7.2, p. 325, no. 68 (pointing out the oddity of the wings on Neoptolemus’s back).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

Discussion:
About an identical lamp in the BM, Bailey writes:

The wounded Philoctetes reclines in a cave, supporting his head on his left hand; he is draped about the lower body and legs, and wears sandals. In his right hand he holds, as a fly-whisk, the wing of a bird. In front of the cave is a dead bird and a leaf. Ulysses, wearing a pointed cap, peers round the left side of the cave mouth, while above the mouth of the cave Neoptolemus is shown reaching down to remove the bow and quiverful of arrows which had belonged to Hercules, but was at that time in the possession of Philoctetes. Neoptolemus, who holds on to the edge of the cave with his left hand, has two very curious “wings” rising from his shoulders; he is, perhaps, conflated here with Cupid, who was given to playing with Hercules’ weapons. (BM II, p. 35, Q 1069, fig. 32.)

220

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.401

Dimensions: L: 10.8 cm; W: 7.7 cm; H: 3.1 cm

Condition and Fabric: Restored from several frr.; some infill and overpaint on base. Clay 10YR7/3 very pale brown, a few remains of worn glaze 10YR4/2 dark grayish brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VI b. Filling-hole slightly below center of discus. Air hole at top of nozzle. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: COPPIRES, workshop active from Late Flavian to Hadrianic period.

Discus Iconography: Erotic scene on bed; woman lying on her back to left; man kneeling and lifting the woman’s leg.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group iii

Date: Late Flavian to Trajanic or Hadrianic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: (Identical) Deneauve 1969, p. 137, no. 481, pl. 50 (CCLOSVC), and p. 137, no. 482, pl. 50 (LMVNSVC); (close) Heres 1972, no. 134, pl. 18; Cahn-Klaiber 1977, no. 176, pl. 16; Leibundgut 1977, p. 163, nos. 552–53, pl. 37, motif 175 (fr.); Bailey BM II, p. 66, Q 882, pl. 13, fig. 69, and Q 979 (Loeschcke V), pl. 24 (further refs. p. 65); Hellmann 1987, no. 127, pl. 13, and no. 173, pl. 19 (fr.).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

221

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.530

Dimensions: L: 15.2 cm; W: 10.0 cm; H: 3.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Cracks on base; slightly restored near handle. Clay 7.5YR8/2 pinkish white, glaze 10R5/6 red.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with three grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VI b. Filling-hole below center of discus. Air hole at top of nozzle. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base-ring marked off by two grooves. Potter’s incuse plain planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: Neptune drawn by four sea horses to left, rudder in his left hand, an unidentified item in his right; shell and waves in foreground.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group iii

Date: Late Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Southern Anatolia

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

222

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.85

Dimensions: L: 11.2 cm; W: 6.1 cm; H: 2.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR6/4 light brown, glaze between 2.5YR5/4 and 2.5YR4/4 reddish brown, two shades.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a. Filling-hole below center. Round-tipped volute-nozzle with burn marks. Base marked off by one circular groove. Relief potter’s mark: letter S with two short parallel lines under it.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Circus scene with chariot race; quadriga rushing to right, charioteer energetically whipping horses; under the animals’ feet, at bottom right, probably a man’s corpse run over, possibly a charioteer lying among pieces of his broken chariot(?); behind are different structures and buildings, from left to right: Egyptian obelisk, stand of lap-counting dolphins with spiral-fluted columns, column supporting statue of Victory, two-storey polygonal building with pointed roof and four statues or spectators(?), and, at the end, an unidentified design. Tabula ansata in lower field inscribed TERES, probably the name of the victorious charioteer.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group iii

Date: Late Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: Mercando 1962, p. 37, no. 29 (Loeschcke VIII), potter’s mark TCT in relief in tabula ansata; Heres 1972, no. 159, pl. 20, identical, with the same mark TERES in relief in tabula ansata; Skinkel-Taupin 1980, no. 23 (identical with same mark); for more but different chariot-race representations, see Bailey BM II, p. 56, fig. 58. (Near) Cuomo di Caprio and Santoro Bianchi 1983, no. 24, pl. 2. For iconography of Circus Maximus, see Marcattili 2006.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

223

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.98

Dimensions: L: 10.5 cm; W: 7.6 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Top of nozzle partly broken. Clay 5YR7/4 pink, uneven glaze between 5YR6/4 light reddish brown and 5YR5/4 reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a, with external row of beads. Another row of similar beads encircles discus, with an additional half-circle of beads at bottom of discus. Filling-hole in lower field. Round-tipped volute-nozzle with burn marks. Blurred base-ring.

Discus Iconography: Circus scene with victorious quadriga to left slowly parading beside spina; charioteer holding reins in left hand, victory crown in his right; behind him the following items (left to right): stand of lap-counting dolphins supported by spiral-fluted column, three vertical rows of beads (spectators’ heads[?]), probably column with statue of Victory, and a big palm leaf.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group iii

Date: Late Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Southern Anatolia

Parallels: Bailey BM II, p. 56, Q 920, pl. 16, fig. 58 (with more buildings and without the beaded motif); (slightly different) Bessi and Moncini 1980, nos. 2–3, pl. 3; Rodríguez Martín 2002, no. 170, pl. 33; Chrzanovski et al. 2000, p. 62, no. 46; Bémont and Chew 2007, pp. 264, 473, pl. 48, GA 151.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

224

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.71

Dimensions: L: 10.3 cm; W: (at ear) 8.6 cm, (basin) 7.2 cm; H: 2.9 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, slip nearly same color.

Description: Moldmade. Prominent and substantial left side-lug decorated with stylized palm leaf. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII b. Filling-hole in left field with traces of iron corrosion. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: L.MADIEC, workshop active Late Flavian to Hadrianic period.

Discus Iconography: Half-dressed frontal winged Victory, right hand holding a wreath, left a palm branch; perhaps standing on a globe pierced by air hole.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group iv

Date: Late Flavian to Hadrianic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: (Same but without side-lug) Bussière 2000, no. 332, pl. 35, p. 166, decor I.b.9.(1) (with further refs.); Rodríguez Martín 2002, no. 90, pl. 19 (fr.); Svoboda 2006, no. 56; Kunst der Antike 9, no. 258 (LMADIEC); cat. 214.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

225

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.82

Dimensions: L: 9.6 cm; W: 6.6 cm; H: 2.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR7/3 very pale brown, worn remains of glaze 7.5YR5/4 brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII b. Filling-hole in lower field. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Flat base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s signature: LMADIEC, workshop active Late Flavian to Hadrianic period.

Discus Iconography: Amazon falling from her horse to right; right hand holding an axe, left a shield (pelta).

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group iv

Date: Late Flavian to Hadrianic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Bachofen and Meuli 1958, no. 3, pl. 36; Cahn-Klaiber 1977, p. 82, no. 252, pl. 25 (fr.); Goethert-Polaschek 1985, no. 270, pl. 26; Bergès 1989, no. 58, fig. 34; Schäfer and Marczoch 1990, p. 40, no. 33; Vernou-Magister 1991, no. 5, fig. 3. For the same shield (or pelta), see Rodríguez Martín 2002, no. 134, pl. 27; Bussière and Rivel 2012, no. 114.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

226

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.56

Dimensions: L: 11.6 cm; W: 8.4 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, unevenly applied and worn glaze mostly 2.5YR5/4 reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII b. Filling-hole in lower part. Air hole at top of nozzle. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Biga to left with charioteer whipping horses.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group iv

Date: Flavian, or possibly later

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Brants 1913, no. 218, pl. 2 (Loeschcke I); Bailey BM II, p. 57, Q 796, fig. 59; Antico Gallina and Condina 1990, no. 13, pl. 26.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

227

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.58

Dimensions: L: 11.1 cm; W: 8.0 cm; H: 3.0 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, glaze mostly 7.5YR5/4 brown.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII b. Filling-hole in lower part. Air hole at top of nozzle. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: MVNARES.

Discus Iconography: Two gladiators (Myrmillones[?]); standing victor at left with short straight sword, putting his left hand on his adversary’s shoulder; at right, the latter has fallen to the ground, still holding his curved sword (sica); both wear loincloth, plumed helmet, greaves (ocreae), and arm protections (manicae).

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group iv

Date: Flavian to Trajanic or Hadrianic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Loeschcke 1919, nos. 127–28, pl. 9; Ponsich 1961, no. 51, pl. 6; Deneauve 1969, no. 461, pl. 49 (signed L.MADIEC); Bergès 1989, p. 85, no. 66, fig. 35 (Loeschcke V).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

228

Inventory Number: 79.AQ.28.1

Dimensions: L: 10.8 cm; W: 7.5 cm; H: 2.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, scant traces of glaze 10R5/6 red.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII b. Filling-hole in lower part. Air hole at top of nozzle. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: EROTIS, workshop active Late Flavian to Hadrianic; small circle underneath.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Two nude pugilists on groundline; left one knocked down, seated; victor standing, seen from behind.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group iv

Date: Late Flavian to Hadrianic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Tunisia

Parallels: Loeschcke 1919, nos. 127–28, pl. 9; Ponsich 1961, no. 51, pl. 6; Deneauve 1969, no. 468 (GABINIA), and nos. 469–70 (EROTIS), pl. 49; Bergès 1989, p. 85, no. 66, fig. 35 (Loeschcke V); Bussière and Rivel 2012, no. 113 (L.MADIEC).

Provenance: – 1979, William L. Eagleton, Jr., American, 1926–2011, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1979.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

229

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.86

Dimensions: L: 11.0 cm; W: 7.7 cm; H: 2.9 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact; top overpainted. Clay near 5YR7/3 pink, glaze 10R5/4 weak red.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII b. Filling-hole lower left. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: MVERCEVP.

Discus Iconography: Two nude pugilists, left one kicking his adversary’s thigh with his right foot, while pushing him back with his left hand.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group iv

Date: Flavian to Trajanic or Hadrianic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Brants 1913, no. 896, pl. 5 (Loeschcke VIII); Kricheldorf 1962, no. 185, pl. 22 (Loeschcke VIII signed CIVNDRAC); Deneauve 1969, no. 467, pl. 49 (CCLOSVC); Bessi and Moncini 1980, no. 73, pl. 10 (fr.); Bonnet 1988, fig. 8.3; Mlasowsky 1993, p. 199, no. 183; cat. 230.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

230

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.108

Dimensions: L: 9.8 cm; W: 7.0 cm; H: 2.2 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR7/3 very pale brown, glaze 7.5YR6/4 light brown.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII b. Filling-hole lower left. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: L.M.SV, workshop active Late Flavian to Trajanic (Bussière 2000, p. 226).

Discus Iconography: Two nude pugilists identical to cat. 229, but cat. 229 and this one do not come from the same mold, nor from the same workshop.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group iv

Date: Late Flavian to Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Brants 1913, no. 896, pl. 5 (Loeschcke VIII); Kricheldorf 1962, no. 185, pl. 22 (Loeschcke VIII, signed CIVNDRAC); Deneauve 1969, no. 467, pl. 49 (CCLOSVC); Bessi and Moncini 1980, no. 73, pl. 10 (fr.); Bonnet 1988, fig. 8.3; Mlasowsky 1993, p. 199, no. 183; cat. 229.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

231

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.149

Dimensions: L: 11.2 cm; W: 7.8 cm; H: 2.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: A few thin cracks on discus and bottom. Clay 10YR7/4 very pale brown, worn remains of glaze 10YR5/2 grayish brown and 10YR5/3 brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII b. Filling-hole lower right. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Air hole at top of nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Workshop mark: possibly an incised I.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Lit altar flanked by two trees on which two snakes climb, their bodies twisted around the trunks.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group iv

Date: Flavian to Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: (Near) Bussière 2000, p. 267, no. 464, pl. 41, and p. 181, decor II.a.4.(5) (Loeschcke V) (with further refs.).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

Discussion: In related motifs on other lamps, the altar may be flanked by two snakes without trees.

232

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.65

Dimensions: L: 11.3 cm; W: 8.0 cm; H: 2.9 cm

Condition and Fabric: Tiny crack near air hole; some overpainting. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, glaze between 10R6/6 light red and 10YR5/6 red.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII b. Filling-hole in lower part. Air hole at top of round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: L.M.SA.

Discus Iconography: Jumping deer or stag to right, bent tree behind.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group iv

Date: Late Flavian to Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Deneauve 1969, nos. 500 (LMVNADIEC), 501 (COPPIRES), and 502 (CCLOSVC), pl. 52; Lyster 1970, fig. 8.22; Bussière 2000, no. 337, pl. 35, decor III.a.7.(2) (with further refs.); Rivet 2003, p. 140, no. 146; Kunst der Antike 10, no. 230 (CLOSVC); cat. 233.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

233

Inventory Number: 80.AQ.46.2

Dimensions: L: 9.6 cm; W: 6.8 cm; H: 2.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, glaze 10R6/6 light red.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII b. Filling-hole in lower part. Round-tipped volute-nozzle with burn marks. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: L.MADIEC.

Discus Iconography: Deer jumping to right, bent tree behind.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group iv

Date: Late Flavian to Hadrianic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Tunisia

Parallels: Bussière 2000, no. 337, pl. 35, decor III.a.7.(2) (with further refs.); cat. 232.

Provenance: – 1980, William L. Eagleton, Jr., American, 1926–2011, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1980.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

234

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.142

Dimensions: L: 9.6 cm; W: 6.8 cm; H: 2.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, mottled glaze varying between 2.5YR5/6 red and 2.5YR4/2 weak red, both shades brownish.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII b. Filling-hole in center of discus with remains of corroded iron wick-nail. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: LMVNSVC, workshop dated Late Flavian to Trajanic period.

Discus Iconography: Goat to left on groundline.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group iv

Date: Late Flavian to Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Boube 1977, p. 466, pl. CCXIX (Bab Zaër, Morocco); Rosenthal and Sivan 1978, p. 30, no. 100; Bussière 2000, no. 338, pl. 36, decor III.a.13.(2) (with further refs.).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

235

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.73

Dimensions: L: 11.0 cm; W: 7.6 cm; H: 2.9 cm

Condition and Fabric: One small scratch on right shoulder. Clay 10YR7/3 very pale brown, uneven glaze mostly 5YR5/6 yellowish red (discus), darker bottom.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII b. Filling-hole slightly left of center. Air hole at top of nozzle. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: GABMERC, workshop active Late Flavian to Early Antonine period.

Discus Iconography: Nude satyr to left playing double-flute.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group iv

Date: Late Flavian to Early Antonine

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Morillo Cerdán 1999, no. 36 (discus fr.); Rodríguez Martín 2002, no. 55, pl. 14.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

236

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.63

Dimensions: L: 11.3 cm; W: 8.0 cm; H: 2.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Thin crack on discus and nozzle top. Clay 7.5YR7/2 pinkish gray, uneven glaze between 2.5YR5/4 and 2.5YR4/4 reddish brown, one lighter, one darker shade.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII b. Filling-hole in lower part. Air hole at top of nozzle. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s signature: L.MVN.SVC, workshop active from Late Flavian to Trajanic period; below small impressed ring.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Crab seen from above with claws pointing up.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group iv

Date: Late Flavian to Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: (Close) Waldhauer 1914, nos. 234–35, pl. 24; Iványi 1935, no. 6, pl. 15; Kricheldorf 1962, no. 81, pl. 10; Deneauve 1969, no. 531, pl. 54 (signed H); Lyster 1970, no. 23, fig. 8; Heres 1972, no. 166, pl. 21; Leibundgut 1977, no. 322, pl. 50; Bailey BM II, p. 83, Q 939, pl. 18, fig. 96 (with further refs.); Bussière 2000, no. 322, pl. 34, decor III.d.2.(1) (with further refs.); Chrzanovski et al. 2000, pp. 22–23, no. 2, pl. 1; Robin Petitot 2000, p. 57, no. 100; Rodríguez Martín 2002, no. 233, pl. 43; Rivet 2003, p. 150, nos. 236–38; Chrzanovski 2006, p. 70, no. 84; Cologne Museum, Wollman collection, permanent exhibit.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

237

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.128

Dimensions: L: 9.6 cm; W: 6.9 cm; H: 2.4 cm

Condition and Fabric: Tip of nozzle chipped. Clay 5YR6/6 reddish yellow, worn remains of glaze 2.5YR5/8 red.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII b. Filling-hole in lower part. Air hole at top of nozzle. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Large scalloped shell.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group iv

Date: Late Flavian to Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Bailey BM II, p. 85, Q 940, pl. 18, fig. 99 (with further refs.); Bussière 2000, no. 336, pl. 35, decor IV.a.5.(5) (with further refs.); Heimerl 2001, no. 72, pl. 3; Bémont and Chew 2007, pp. 266, 474, pl. 49, GA 159.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

238

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.113

Dimensions: L: 9.8 cm; W: 7.3 cm; H: 2.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Restored from several frr.; discus and part of nozzle overpainted. Clay near 5YR6/6 reddish yellow, glaze between 10R5/8 and 10R4/8 red, one lighter, one darker shade.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII b. Filling-hole between man’s feet. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Slightly raised base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Entertainer in loose tunic that leaves one shoulder bare sitting on ground, turning toward tamed monkey sitting at left; at right, a cat climbs up a ladder, above which are two juggling rings; the man holds an unidentified object in his right hand, a stick in his left; on the ground to his left, three objects, which Bailey identifies as “a squat pot, a loaf of bread and a bell.”

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group iv

Date: Late Flavian to Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: Brants 1913, no. 295, pl. 3; Fremersdorf 1922, p. 94, type 23 (with further refs.); Palol 1950, no. 39, fig. 104 (fr.); Schaetzen and Vanderhoeven 1956, no. 5, pl. 1; Vegas 1964, p. 314, no. 11, fig. 4 (Loeschcke I, Novaesium); Vegas 1966a, no. 192, pl. 7 (Novaesium); Salone 1973, no. 490, pl. 57 (fr.); Leibundgut 1977, no. 263, pl. 45 (fr.); Bailey BM II, p. 61, Q 861, pl. 10, fig. 65 (with further refs.); Bessi and Moncini 1980, no. 72, pl. 10; Flügel 1999, no. L1 A–B, pl. 138; Bussière 2000, decor II.d.10.(1) (with further refs.); Rivet 2003, p. 176, nos. 457–58; Casas Genover and Soler Fusté 2006, no. G 298, pl. 22; Lindros Wohl 2017, cat. 42 (fr.).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

239

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.467

Dimensions: L: 14.0 cm; W: 10.1 cm; H: 3.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 2.5YR6/6 light red, faint traces of glaze on base and back basin 10R5/8 red. Slight mica.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Two voluted ear handles with arched, raised outer edge. Shoulder: Loeschcke form IV a. Filling-hole slightly left of center. Round-tipped volute-nozzle; burn marks. Base-ring marked off by two grooves.

Discus Iconography: Winged Bacchus leaning to the right on his thyrsus; at left striated column with unclear item on top of capital: small temple(?); small panther in front of it, its forepaws on large cantharus; behind the column, a second diagonally positioned thyrsus with streamers.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group v

Date: Claudian to Flavian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

240

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.250

Dimensions: L: 10.1 cm; W: 7.5 cm; H: 2.1 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR6/4 light reddish brown, glaze 2.5YR5/6 red. Gold mica.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. One voluted ear handle on each side. Plain flat shoulder. Flat-bottomed discus with rising sides, decorated with ring marked off by two ridges. Central filling-hole with traces of iron corrosion. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Plain planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group V, with handle

Date: Claudian to Flavian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

241

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.129

Dimensions: L: 11.5 cm; W: 7.6 cm; H: 2.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR7/3 very pale brown, a few traces of glaze 5YR5/4 reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Ear handle on each side with six impressed rays and small circles. Plain flat shoulder. Deep discus with central filling-hole. Small air hole on shoulder in front of nozzle. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s signature: COPPIRES has not been stamped in the mold but seemingly incised on the leatherhard lamp.

Discus Iconography: Band of closely spaced rays surrounding plain central discus.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group V, with handle

Date: Late Flavian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: (Near) Cologne Museum, Wollman collection, inv. no. W 3069.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

242

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.134

Dimensions: L: 10.3 cm; W: 8.0 H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR7/1 light gray, glaze 10YR4/2 dark grayish brown; burned. Mica.

Description: Moldmade. Intact. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Arched ear handle on each side. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII b. Central filling-hole. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Plain planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: Goatherd standing at left slightly leaning on his stick, watching three goats, one of them raised on its hind legs, eating leaves from a tree.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group V, variant with lugs

Date: Flavian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: (Close) Bailey BM II, p. 45, Q 923, pl. 16, fig. 48 (sharp relief showing more goats and curled-up dog not visible on Getty lamp; further refs. given); Goethert-Polaschek 1985, p. 241, no. 403, pl. 57, motif M144; Kiss 1984 p. 297, fig. 1; (identical) Fabbricotti 1992, no. 3, pl. 53.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

243

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.66

Dimensions: L: 9.6 cm; W: 7.8 cm; H: 2.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR7/4 very pale brown, glaze mostly 10YR5/2 grayish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Narrow shoulder, separated from flat-bottomed discus by inward-sloping band of closely spaced rays. Three rings surround central filling-hole. V-shaped channel starting from outer ring connects discus to wick-hole, where channel’s two sides end in two small volutes. Short ogival nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove; on the left side are four short horizontal lines in relief.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Loeschcke V; Bailey type C

Date: Mid-first century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

244

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.131

Dimensions: L: 10.8 cm; W: 8.4 cm; H: 2.4 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR6/4 light brown, glaze 2.5YR4/4 reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VI a. Small central filling-hole. Slim ogival nozzle with simplified shoulder-volutes. Raised base-ring marked off by two grooves.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Loeschcke V

Date: Mid-first century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: None found; (close) Portulano 1996, no. 40, fig. 15; Bussière and Rivel 2012, no. 119.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

245

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.70

Dimensions: L: 10.5 cm; W: 8.3 cm; H: 2.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR6/4 light brown, glaze 7.5YR4/2 dark brown.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VI a, with a row of ovolos. Two raised rings midway toward slightly off-center filling-hole. Small unpierced air hole between shoulder-volutes. Slim ogival nozzle with simplified shoulder-volutes. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Loeschcke V

Date: Mid-first century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Southern Anatolia

Parallels: (Close) Deneauve 1969, no. 635, pl. 54.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

246

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.258

Dimensions: L: 10.0 cm; W: 7.7 cm; H: 2.1 cm

Condition and Fabric: Crack on discus and nozzle. Clay 2.5YR5/6 red, glaze 10R5/6 red.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: near Loeschcke form VII b, with oak wreath, leaves and acorns alternating. Concave discus with central filling-hole. Slim round-tipped nozzle with simplified shoulder-volutes. At edge of discus, facing nozzle, a row of four small, parallel striations. Base marked off by one circular groove and partly pushed in.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Loeschcke V

Date: Mid-first century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: None found; for a shoulder with an oak-wreath decor, see Deneauve 1969, no. 799, pl. 75 (Loeschcke VIII); Heres 1972, no. 243, pl. 30; Allison 2006, no. 1956, pl. 119 (slightly different, on a Loeschcke VIII lamp).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

247

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.438.68

Dimensions: L: 9.5 cm; W: 7.3 cm; H: 2.2 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR6/1 gray, uneven glaze mostly 10YR4/2 dark grayish brown. Gold mica.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII b. Filling-hole below center. Air hole between nozzle volutes. Slim nozzle with simplified shoulder-volutes and relatively big wick-hole. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Scalloped shell.

Type: Loeschcke V

Date: Mid-first century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Southern Anatolia

Parallels: None found; (near) Goethert-Polaschek 1985, no. 605, pl. 65.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

248

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.468

Dimensions: L: 15.6 cm; W: 10.2 cm; H: 3.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR6/2 pinkish gray, glaze originally(?) 5YR5/3 reddish brown; mostly burned darker.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke VI b. Filling-hole lower left. Small air hole on edge of discus, facing nozzle. Slim nozzle with simplified shoulder-volutes. Raised flat base-ring. Potter’s mark: incuse plain planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: Winged Victory standing to left in long pleated garment, right hand holding a round shield inscribed with New Year’s wishes; palm branch in crook of left arm. Shield inscription only partly readable, . . . FAVSTVMFELICEMMIHIC, most probably the well-known inscription: ANNVMNOVM FAVSTVMFELICEMMIHIC (see Bailey BM II, Q 957–Q 959, and Q 1043, fig. 112).

Type: Loeschcke V; Bailey C group i

Date: Ca. mid-first century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Central Anatolia

Parallels: Bailey BM II, pp. 26–29, fig. 22. None of the different drawings of Victory in Bailey BM II is identical to the Getty decor; the closest is BM Q 957 without the strenae. Numerous refs. given for this motif.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

249

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.133

Dimensions: L: 10.6 cm; W: 6.6 cm; H: 2.4 cm

Condition and Fabric: Chipped handle, restored. Clay 10R6/6 light red, glaze 10R5/6 red.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VI b. Filling-hole lower left. Slim ogival nozzle with simplified shoulder-volutes and burn marks. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Bust of Sol on a crescent (Luna), twelve rays radiating from his head.

Type: Loeschcke V; Bailey C group i

Date: Late Claudian to Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: (Close) Bussière 2000, no. 66, pl. 19, and no. 429, pl. 39 (with only five rays), p. 164, decor I.b.5.(1), and decor I.b.5.(3) (Loeschcke I); Rodríguez Martín 2002, no. 68, pl. 16.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

250

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.132

Dimensions: L: 10.0 cm; W: 6.3 cm; H: 2.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay near 5YR5/6 yellowish red, glaze mostly 10R5/6 red; substantial blackened parts.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VI b; small dotted circle on shoulder at each side of handle, two more on each side of volutes. Filling-hole lower right. Ogival nozzle with simplified shoulder-volutes; burn marks. Base marked off by circular groove. Illegible planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: Big fluted cantharus with tympanon; behind it a staff that in a bacchic ambiance could be a thyrsus.

Type: Loeschcke V; Bailey C group i

Date: Late Claudian to Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

251

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.118

Dimensions: L: 11.5 cm; W: 7.2 cm; H: 2.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Major crack on restored discus, with small part missing. Clay 5YR6/4 light reddish brown, slip same color.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke near form VI a. Filling-hole on left side of discus. Slim ogival nozzle with simplified shoulder-volutes. Base marked off by one circular groove. Plain planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: Winged Cupid to left, bending over lit altar.

Type: Loeschcke V; Bailey C group iii

Date: Neronian to Early Flavian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Southern Anatolia

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

252

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.438.110

Dimensions: L: 12.5 cm; W: 7.7 cm; H: 2.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR6/1–7/1 between gray and light gray, a few traces of dark glaze 10YR4/1 dark gray.

Description: Moldmade from worn mold. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part and iron corrosion. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII b. Filling-hole slightly to right of center with traces of iron corrosion, probably from a wick-nail. Broad nozzle with simplified shoulder-volutes. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: LMVNSVC.

Discus Iconography: Man wearing tunic and holding stick walking to right guiding an animal, possibly a donkey.

Type: Loeschcke V; Bailey C group iv

Date: Flavian to Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Tunisia

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

253

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.109

Dimensions: L: 11.2 cm; W: 6.7 cm; H: 2.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR7/3 very pale brown, mottled uneven glaze 2.5YR6/6 light red and 10YR4/4 reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a. Filling-hole lower right. Ogival nozzle with simplified shoulder-volutes. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: LMVNSVC; beneath, small circle consisting of two concentric rings enclosing dots; above, semicircle in very light relief.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Frontal view of bearded, helmeted Mars, head turned to right, holding a round shield on his left arm and a long spear in his right hand.

Type: Loeschcke V; Bailey C group iv

Date: Flavian to Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: (Identical) Bergès 1989, p. 88, no. 147, fig. 38.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

254

Inventory Number: 80.AQ.46.5

Dimensions: L: 11.8 cm; W: 7.0 cm; H: 2.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Tiny hole on lower body, to right of handle. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, worn uneven glaze mostly 2.5YR5/4 reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a. Filling-hole lower right with small part of corroded iron wick-nail. Tiny air hole at top of nozzle. Nozzle with simplified shoulder-volutes. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: M SV; beneath, small mark: letter X or cross in slight relief.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Frontal view of Mars looking right, bearded, helmeted, holding a round shield on his left arm and a long spear in his right hand.

Type: Loeschcke V; Bailey C group iv

Date: Flavian to Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Tunisia

Parallels: (Identical) Bergès 1989, p. 88, no. 147, fig. 38; cat. 253, except for the form of the signature.

Provenance: – 1980, William L. Eagleton, Jr., American, 1926–2011, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1980.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

255

Inventory Number: 79.AQ.28.2

Dimensions: L: 11.1 cm; W: 7.0 cm; H: 2.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR7/3 pink, glaze 5YR5/3 reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a. Filling-hole in lower field. Tiny unpierced air hole at top of nozzle. Broad nozzle with simplified shoulder-volutes. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: CCLOSVC; beneath, vertical wavy raised line.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Biga rushing to right, charioteer whipping horses.

Type: Loeschcke V; Bailey C group iv

Date: Flavian to Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Tunisia

Parallels: (Close) Álvarez-Ossorio 1942, no. 3–13–505, fig. 2 (L.MADIEC); Deneauve 1969, no. 474, pl. 50 (Loeschcke IV); Mlasowsky 1993, p. 207, nos. 195–96; Robin Petitot 2000, p. 55, no. 85; Rodríguez Martín 2002, no. 171, pl. 33 (fr.); (identical) Deneauve 1969, no. 611, pl. 62 (CCLOSVC); Boube 1977, p. 445, pl. CXCVIII; Rosenthal and Sivan 1978, p. 32, no. 112; Bochum Museum, Schüller Collection, cat. no. 266, S 786 (Loeschcke VIII) (Anatolia).

Provenance: – 1979, William L. Eagleton, Jr., American, 1926–2011, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1979.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

256

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.124

Dimensions: L: 12.3 cm; W: 7.6 cm; H: 2.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, glaze 2.5YR5/6 red.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a. Filling-hole in right field. Air hole at top of nozzle. Ogival nozzle with simplified shoulder-volutes. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: CCLOSV.

Discus Iconography: Two nude women, one on each side of a water basin on a fluted base; the one on the left is pouring water from a jar.

Type: Loeschcke V; Bailey C group iv

Date: Flavian to Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels:
(Identical) Deneauve 1969, no. 615, pl. 62 (LMRES); Bussière 2000, no. 459, pl. 40 (MADIEC) (Constantine), decor I.a.8.(8), with further parallels; cat. 185 (Loeschcke IV).

A bronze mirror in the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, shows a near decor; see LIMC 2.2, p. 452, s.v. Aphrodite.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

257

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.91

Dimensions: L: 12.5 cm; W: 7.9 cm; H: 3.1 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact; modern overpaint. Clay near 5YR7/3 pink, overpaint mostly 7.5YR4/4 dark brown.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a. Filling-hole slightly below center of discus. Air hole at top of nozzle. Broad ogival nozzle with simplified shoulder-volutes. Slightly raised base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s signature: C.CLO.SVC.

Discus Iconography: Bacchic panther to right with one paw on a big cantharus seemingly full of grapes.

Type: Loeschcke V; Bailey C group iv

Date: Flavian to Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Tunisia

Parallels: Brants 1913, no. 703, pl. 5 (Loeschcke VIII); (identical) Deneauve 1969, no. 600, pl. 61 (signed AD); Heres 1972, no. 23, pl. 6 (Loeschcke III); Bussière 2000, p. 159, no. 379, pl. 38, decor I.a.10.(32) (with further refs.) (LMADIEC) (Tebessa); Bochum Museum, Schüller Collection, cat. no. 93, S 704 (Loeschcke IV) (Anatolia).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

258

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.550

Dimensions: L: 11.2 cm; W: 6.8 cm; H: 2.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: A few cracks on shoulder and discus; holes on left side of shoulder and right part of base. Clay 7.5YR8/4 pink, uneven glaze mostly 5YR6/4 light reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII b. Filling-hole lower left. Air hole on edge of discus above nozzle. Broad nozzle with simplified shoulder-volutes. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: CCLOSVC with small incuse rosette above.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Peacock with open tail.

Type: Loeschcke V; Bailey C group iv

Date: Flavian to Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Unknown; presumably Tunisia

Parallels: (Close) Loeschcke 1919, no. 513, pl. 13 (Loeschcke IV); Bailey BM III, p. 80, fig. 101, motif IV(b)v; Bussière 2000, p. 204, no. 391, pl. 38, decor III.b.5.(1) (with further refs.).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

259

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.100

Dimensions: L: 12.8 cm; W: 7.8 cm; H: 2.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact; overpainted. Clay near 7.5YR6/4 light brown, modern even overpaint 10YR4/4 dark yellowish brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a. Filling-hole in lower field interrupts lines of waves. Small air hole at top of nozzle. Ogival nozzle with simplified shoulder-volutes. Blurred base-ring. Potter’s incuse signature: CCLOSVC.

Discus Iconography: Two fishermen in a boat sailing to right; man at helm is maneuvering the sail; the other man is busy at the prow; both wear round hats like many fishermen seen on lamps. Below boat: fish(?).

Type: Loeschcke V; Bailey C group iv

Date: Flavian to Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Tunisia

Parallels: (Identical) Kricheldorf 1962, no. 44, pl. 5; Deneauve 1969, no. 617, pl. 62 (LMVNSVC).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

260

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.438.90

Dimensions: L: 12.1 cm; W.7.6; H: 3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Thin crack on discus; modern overpaint. Clay 7.5YR8/2 pinkish white, overpaint near 10R4/3 weak red, with brown tint.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a. Filling-hole in lower field. Air hole on top of nozzle. Round nozzle with simplified shoulder-volutes. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: LMADIEC.

Discus Iconography: Europa with veil floating behind her, riding bull to left—Jupiter metamorphosed.

Type: Loeschcke V; Bailey C group iv

Date: Flavian to Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Brants 1913, no. 431, pl. 4 (GABINIA); Kricheldorf 1962, no. 89, pl. 11 (CCLOSVC); Leibundgut 1977, no. 22, pl. 25 (Loeschcke I); Gualandi Genito 1977, no. 217, pl. 32 (Loeschcke IV); (close) García Pereira Maia 1997, p. 69, no. Lu 168; Bussière 2000, no. 426, pl. 39, decor I.a.1.(8) (with further refs.) (COPPIRES) (Tipasa); Rodríguez Martín 2002, no. 129, pl. 26, similar theme treated slightly differently on a Loeschcke type IV; Bochum Museum, Schüller Collection, cat. no. 132, S 821 (GABINIA) (Loeschcke V) (Tunisia).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

261

Inventory Number: 79.AQ.28.3

Dimensions: L: 12.3 cm; W: 7.3 cm; H: 3.2 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR7/4 pink, glaze preserved especially on top, between 10R5/6 red and 10Y4/4 weak red, with brownish tint.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a. Filling-hole lower left. Air hole on top of nozzle. Ogival nozzle with simplified shoulder-volutes. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: LMADIEC.

Discus Iconography: Winged Victory to right, draped from waist down, writing on a shield.

Type: Loeschcke V; Bailey C group iv

Date: Flavian to Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Tunisia

Parallels: Bussière 2000, nos. 434–44, pl. 40 (Sétif, Djemila, Timgad, Tebessa, Cherchell [LMADIEC, CCLOSVC], decor I.b.9.(8), with further parallels).

Provenance: – 1979, William L. Eagleton, Jr., American, 1926–2011, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1979.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

262

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.393

Dimensions: L: 11.1 cm; W: 7.1 cm; H: 2.9 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay near 5YR5/4 reddish brown, glaze 2.5YR4/6 red.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a. Filling-hole in lower field. Small air hole at top of nozzle. Broad ogival nozzle with simplified shoulder-volutes. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: L.M.ADIEC.

Discus Iconography: Erotic scene: at left man kneeling behind woman lying on a bed to right, holding up one of her legs by resting her foot on his shoulder.

Type: Loeschcke V; Bailey C group iv

Date: Flavian to Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: (Close) Loeschcke 1919, no. 412, pl. 8 (Loeschcke IV); Deneauve 1969, no. 620, pl. 62 (COPPIRES); Leibundgut 1977, no. 180, pl. 38 (Loeschcke IV); Bailey BM II, pp. 67–68, Q 1287, fig. 70 (with further refs.); Hellmann 1987, no. 132, pl. 14; Bonnet and Delplace 1989, no. 53, pl. 2 (Saint-Bertrand-de-Comminges), and no. 65, pl. 11 (Loeschcke IV) (Montans); Mlasowsky 1993, p. 223, no. 211 (Loeschcke VIII); Massa 1997, no. 3, pl. 30 (Loeschcke IV); Bussière 2000, decor II.f.2.(5) (with further refs.); Bémont 2002, no. 180, pl. 17, and MAN (Saint Germain-en-Laye), inv. 12.429; Casas Genover and Soler Fusté 2006, no. G 340, pl. 26.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

263

Inventory Number: 80.AQ.46.7

Dimensions: L: 10.5 cm; W: 6.6 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR7/2 light gray, glaze 7.5YR4/4 dark brown.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a. Filling-hole on left side of discus. Nozzle with simplified shoulder-volutes. Base marked off by one circular groove. Illegible potter’s incuse signature.

Discus Iconography: Nude Venus crouching to left, busy at her toilet, holding a shell; behind her at right, a spiraled column with tilted jug on top.

Type: Loeschcke V; Bailey C group iv

Date: Flavian to Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Tunisia

Parallels: Ponsich 1961, no. 124, pl. 12; Belchior 1969, pl. 11.2; Bussière 2000, no. 458, pl. 40 (GABINIA), decor I.a.8.(2) (further parallels given); Bochum Museum, Schüller Collection, cat. no. 124, S 663 (Tunisia).

Provenance: – 1980, William L. Eagleton, Jr., American, 1926–2011, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1980.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

Discussion: The figure of Venus on the discus is based on a famous third-century B.C. statue ascribed to Doidalsas, Crouching Venus, frequently copied (LIMC 2.2, p. 103, no. 1037, s.v. Aphrodite).

264

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.438.405

Dimensions: L: 13.3 cm; W: 8.2 cm; H: 3.2 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR5/1 gray, glaze 7.5YR2/0 black and shiny.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part; center space marked by transverse notches. Filling-hole in right field. Air hole on top of nozzle. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VI b; globules on either side of handle base look like rivets, of an unfamiliar shape. Nozzle with simplified shoulder-volutes. Slightly raised base-ring.

Discus Iconography: Erotic scene (fellatio): woman seated on chair at left, facing man seated at right; water-jug behind him; groundline.

Type: Loeschcke V; Bailey C group iv

Date: Flavian to Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Italy, as given by Schüller, who adds in parenthesis (Greece?), as if he did not remember

Parallels: (Identical) Wilmet 2003, p. 247, FM 260, fig. 10. Same theme treated differently: Oziol 1977, no. 401, pl. 21; Clarke 1998, p. 221, fig. 92 (Pompeii); Rodríguez Martín 2002, no. 199, pl. 38.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

Discussion: The pristine quality of the metallic glaze together with the theme might raise suspicion about authenticity. However, the glaze is not modern overpaint, and in our opinion the lamp is not a fake.

265

Inventory Number: 81.AQ.38.4

Dimensions: L: 12.7 cm; W: 7.6 cm; H: 3.2 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR6/4 light reddish brown, glaze 2.5YR5/6 red (a few traces under much incrustation).

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with one groove on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VIII b, with sinuous floral pattern; tendrils and leaves on right shoulder; tendrils, four leaves, and one fruit on left shoulder. Filling-hole lower left. Long nozzle with shoulder-volutes and ogival tip; unpierced air hole at top of nozzle. Raised base-ring marked off by two grooves.

Discus Iconography: Two wading birds to right; the one at right lying, the other standing on groundline.

Type: Loeschcke V; Bailey C group v

Date: Neronian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Tunisia

Parallels: Haken 1958, no. 49, pl. 4.

Provenance: – 1981, William L. Eagleton, Jr., American, 1926–2011, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1981.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

266

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.147

Dimensions: L: 9.8 cm; W: 6.2 cm; H: 3.0 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay between 5YR7/3 pink and 5YR6/3 light reddish brown, same color slip.

Description: Moldmade. Body with sloping sides. Large unpierced angular lug on lower left side. Narrow shoulder separated by a groove from the broad slightly depressed discus. Filling-hole lower right. Substantial triangular-tipped nozzle with beveled sides; Tanit sign in relief on flat nozzle top. Base-ring marked off by one inside groove.

Discus Iconography: Oenochoë flanked by pomegranate, pinecone, and two other round fruits in pronounced relief.

Type: Deneauve IV E

Date: Ca. 44 B.C. or shortly later

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Tunisia

Parallels: (Close) Deneauve 1969, no. 400, pl. 44.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

Discussion: The Punic emblem called “the sign of Tanit,” as well as the discus decor, which is common on Punic stelae, confirm the lamp’s Tunisian origin.

267

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.67

Dimensions: L: 9.2 cm; W: 8.0 cm; H: 2.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay near 10YR6/2 light brownish gray, glaze between 10YR5/2 grayish brown and 10YR4/2 dark grayish brown; burned(?).

Description: Moldmade. Body with sloping sides. Shoulder: Loeschcke form V interrupted by short V-shaped channel in front of nozzle. Swallow-tailed ear handle on each side. Central filling-hole. Air hole in channel. Rounded nozzle with shoulder-volutes. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Deneauve V E

Date: Ca. mid-first century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Southern Anatolia

Parallels: Deneauve 1969, no. 637, pl. 14.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

268

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.297

Dimensions: L: 11.4 cm; W: 6.7 cm; H: 2.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR7/4 pink, mottled glaze 2.5YR5/6 red.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Elongated oval body. Groove partly surrounding oval concave discus, continuing to nozzle, interrupted by a very narrow channel linking the discus to the flat wick-hole area. Lower parts of plain shoulder progressively meld into the nozzle. Central filling-hole. Ogival-shaped nozzle. Raised pear-shaped base defined by single groove. Potter’s incuse signature: CMEPO.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Deneauve V F var.; Bussière C V 2 first series

Date: First half of second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: (Identical) Bussière 2000, p. 276, no. 729, pl. 48; (close) Deneauve 1969, no. 638, pl. 64, his earlier type V F; (close) lamps of Bussière type C V 2, second to fifth series with decorated shoulders: Fabbricotti 1974; Lerat 1954, no. 137 (IVNI.ALEXI); Bailey BM II, Q 1116, pl. 42; Bussière 2000, no. 735, pl. 48, signed CTESO.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

269

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.262

Dimensions: L: 8.7 cm; W: 6.5 cm, (with ears) 8.3 cm; H: 2.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Thin crack on base and upper half of discus, close to shoulder. Clay near 2.5YR6/6 light red, glaze mostly 10R5/8 red, with some darker spots.

Description: Moldmade. Bow-shaped ear handle on each side of body; each bow has small circles in its outer section and a larger sunken semicircular area in its center. Deep body with sloping sides. Shoulder: Loeschcke form IV b. Concave discus with central filling-hole. Small air hole at entrance of short V-shaped channel in front of nozzle. Both left and right shoulders show slanted cut at junction with rounded nozzle, wick-hole being lower. Flat base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Deneauve V G; Bailey G

Date: Late Claudian to Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: Domergue 1966, nos. 60 and 65, pl. 7 (C.CLOD in planta pedis); Deneauve 1969, no. 639, pl. 64 (with a discus decor, signed GABINIA), and nos. 640–42 (L.MADIEC); Bonghi Jovino 1984, no. 7.CE 2311, pl. 133 (Pompeii); Menzel 1969, fig. 19, no. 239; Bussière 2000, no. 699, pl. 47 (Portus Magnus), nos. 700–701 (Tebessa), no. 702 (Tebessa, signed MVNSVC), no. 703 (CAN in planta pedis), no. 704 (unknown place of manufacture or origin), and no. 705 (Cherchell); Rivet 2003, p. 156, no. 289 (Fos, with planta pedis); Casas Genover and Soler Fusté 2006, no. G 762, pl. 44; (close) Oziol 1993, no. 74, fig. 11; Bémont and Chew 2007, pp. 189, 446, pl. 21, IT 49.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

270

Inventory Number: 81.AQ.112.3

Dimensions: L: 9.3 cm; W: 8.7 cm; H: 2.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Thin cracks on discus. Clay 10YR7/2 light gray, glaze varying from 10YR5/2 grayish brown to 2.5YR4/4 reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Bow-shaped ear handle on each side of body. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII b. Concave discus with central filling-hole. Short narrow channel facing nozzle. Shoulder continues on to nozzle area, ending with a slanted cut; burn marks. Circular base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Deneauve V G; Bailey G

Date: Late Claudian to Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Greece

Parallels: Fernández Chicarro 1956, nos. 11–12, fig. 45; Kricheldorf 1962, no. 9, no. 10 (LMAD), and no. 11 (LMVNSVC), pl. 1; Domergue 1966, nos. 60, 65 (C.CLOD in planta pedis), pl. 7; Deneauve 1969, no. 639 (GABINIA), nos. 640–41, and no. 642 (L.MADIEC), pl. 64; Menzel 1969, p. 46, no. 239, fig. 19.3; Gualandi Genito 1977, nos. 291–92, pl. 40; Bourgeois 1980, no. D. V/10, pl. 1; Hayes 1980, no. 220; Bailey BM II, Q 1094, pl. 38; Hellmann 1987, nos. 162–63; Bussière 2000, no. 699, pl. 47 (Portus Magnus), nos. 700–702 (Tebessa), (MVNSVC), no. 703 (CAN in planta pedis), no. 704 (Musée de Constantine), and no. 705 (Cherchell); Casas Genover and Soler Fusté 2006, nos. G 760–G 764, pl. 44; Bémont and Chew 2007, pp. 189, 446, pl. 21, IT 49; Bussière and Rivel 2012, no. 128.

Provenance: – 1981, Robert L. Lawson, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1981.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

271

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.252

Dimensions: L: 10.0 cm; W: 7.5 cm; H: 2.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR7/3 very pale brown, glaze 10YR4/3 dark brown.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Bow-shaped ear handle on each side of body. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII b. Concave discus with central filling-hole. Short narrow channel facing nozzle; small air hole at its top. Shoulders slant down at junction with rounded flat nozzle marked off by being lower than shoulders. Circular base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s signature: L.MVNSVC.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Deneauve V G; Bailey G

Date: Late Claudian to Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Deneauve 1969, no. 643, pl. 64 (signed GABI); Szentléleky 1969, no. 44; Menzel 1969, p. 243, no. 243, fig. 19 (from Ephesus); Bailey BM II, Q 1094, pl. 38; Portulano 1996, figs. 15 and 42; Bussière 2000, no. 706, pl. 47 (plain planta pedis and initials A P), no. 707 (COR), no. 708 (A O); no. 711, nos. 712–14 (GABINIA), no. 715 (COPPIRES), and no. 716 (LMVNSVC).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

272

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.295

Dimensions: L: 10.2 cm; W: 6.6 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR7/3 pink, thin worn glaze 2.5YR6/2 pale red.

Description: Moldmade. Oval pear-shaped body with flat top. Flat shoulder, separated from concave discus by circular ridge marked off by two grooves (near Loeschcke form IV a). Central filling-hole. Long tapering flat-topped nozzle with rounded tip. Shoulder and nozzle top are on the same level. Vertical groove from discus edge toward nozzle, ending at short horizontal groove with a small dot at each end. Flat ovoid base. Inscribed planta pedis: LVC.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Deneauve VI A; Bailey J

Date: Flavian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: Goldman et al. 1950, no. 140, fig. 98 (Tarsus); Haken 1958, no. 87, pl. 12; Bailey BM II, Q 1109, pl. 41 (C.OPPI.RES), and Q 1110 (OPPI[?]) (with further refs.); Gualandi Genito 1977, nos. 298–99, pls. 40–41 (both signed OPPI); Fabbricotti 1980, p. 233, no. 17, fig. 4; (close) Gualandi Genito 1986, p. 196, no. 49 (with transverse handle); Bussière 2000, no. 727, pl. 48 (COLCAVI[?]).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

273

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.117

Dimensions: L: 8.9 cm; W: 4.9 cm; H: 2.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Chipped between air hole and wick-hole. Clay 5YR6/3 light reddish brown, glaze 7.5YR5/4 brown, with darker areas.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part and one on lower. Oval body with sloping sides. Shoulder: Loeschcke form IV a. Filling-hole in left middle of discus. No separate nozzle; wick-hole included within pointed end of oval body. Almond-shaped base-ring marked off by two grooves.

Discus Iconography: In pronounced relief, nude standing Cupid in three-quarter view to left, arms crossed.

Type: Deneauve VI B

Date: Second half of first century A.D. (Deneauve; Bailey)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: None found. Same shape with different discus decors: Deneauve 1969, no. 695, pl. 67 (Venus in a shell), and no. 696 (shell); Bémont and Chew 2007, pp. 188, 446, pl. 21, IT 47 (Victory standing on a globe holding a palm branch and a crown).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

274

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.438.263

Dimensions: L: 10.0 cm; W: 5.1 cm; H: 2.1 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact; partly overpainted. Clay 7.5YR6/2 pinkish gray, glaze mostly 2.5YR5/4 reddish brown, with a few darker parts being 2.5YR3/0 very dark gray.

Description: Moldmade. Solid handle with two grooves on upper part. Oval body with sloping sides. Shoulder: Loeschcke form IV a. Filling-hole lower right. No projecting nozzle; wick-hole at extremity of oval body. Blurred oval base-ring.

Discus Iconography: Scalloped shell.

Type: Deneauve VI B

Date: Second half of first century A.D. (Deneauve; Bailey)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: (Close) Deneauve 1969, no. 696, pl. 67; Farka 1977, p. 326, no. 1460, pl. 57; Bailey BM II, Q 1117, pl. 42; Bailey BM III, Q 1117 bis, pl. 155; Williams 1981, no. 119, pl. 5; Cologne Museum, inv. no. W 191; Elaigne 1993, no. 12, fig. 2, and three more similar examples; Hanotte 2005, no. 72, pl. 65, fig. 8; Bémont and Chew 2007, pp. 188, 446, pl. 21, IT 48; and pp. 271, 476, pl. 51, GA 178.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

275

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.265

Dimensions: L: 9.1 cm; W: 7.7 cm; H: 3.1 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, glaze mostly 2.5YR5/8 red.

Description: Moldmade. Deep body. Shoulder: Loeschcke form II a. Inward-sloping striated band surrounding flat discus floor; between band and shoulder is a circular ridge marked off by two grooves. Central filling-hole. Small air hole in lower discus, facing nozzle. Small round-tipped triangular nozzle surrounded by slightly raised edge, ending in volutes with conspicuous knobs. Flat circular base.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Bailey F

Date: Augustan to Tiberian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: (Close) Bailey BM II, Q 1090, pl. 38; Goethert-Polaschek 1985, no. 695, pl. 74; Fitch and Goldman 1994, p. 184, no. 984, fig. 102 (Cosa).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

276

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.426

Dimensions: L: 6.8 cm; W: 3.5 cm; H: 2.2 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR8/3 very pale brown, unevenly preserved glaze 10YR5/2 grayish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle. Small egg-shaped body. No specific shoulder or discus: the entire flat top of the lamp is decorated with several obliquely placed straight thin grooves and four rows of very small dots. Central filling-hole. Air hole above wick-hole. Oval flat base delimited by a groove whose two ends prolong themselves underneath the nozzle. Incised potter’s mark: RV.VSI(?).

Discus Iconography: Plain discus (but see description above).

Type: Loeschcke VII (eiförmige Henkellämpchen)

Date: Second third of first century A.D. (Loeschcke, Vindonissa). Second half of first century to early second century A.D. (Goethert, Trier)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Cologne (Germany)

Parallels: Loeschcke 1919, nos. 649–50, pl. 1; Goethert-Polaschek 1985, nos. 619–20, pl. 68; Hübinger 1993, no. 177, pl. 23.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

277

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.429

Dimensions: L: 6.1 cm; W: 4.0 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Handle chipped. Clay 5YR7/2 pinkish gray, glaze 5YR6/6 reddish yellow.

Description: Moldmade. Transverse ring handle with median groove. Small egg-shaped body. Rounded shoulder not clearly delineated, with a row of dotted circles. Slightly depressed plain top with filling-hole and air hole. Hardly visible swelling on each side of nozzle area reminiscent of volute-knobs in Loeschcke type VI (Volutenknöpfen). Oval plain flat base.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Loeschcke VI/VII, as identified by Goethert-Polaschek (1985), p. 147

Date: Second half of first into early second century A.D. (Goethert-Polaschek)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Cologne (Germany)

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

278

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.391.11

Dimensions: L: 8.3 cm; W: 6.6 cm; H: 2.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: Upper part of shoulder and base restored. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, glaze 5YR3/1 very dark gray.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII b. Central filling-hole. Nozzle form Bus. 3. Blurred base marked off by one circular groove. Illegible workshop signature.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D I 3

Date: Trajanic(?)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Italy

Parallels: Bussière 2000, no. 1079, pl. 52.

Provenance: – 1983, Robert L. Lawson, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

279

Inventory Number: 81.AQ.112.10

Dimensions: L: 8.1 cm; W: 6.0 cm; H: 2.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Wick-hole slightly chipped. Clay 5YR7/4 pink, scant traces of glaze 2.5YR6/4 light reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with three grooves on upper part. Shoulder separated from discus by circular ridge marked off by several grooves. Filling-hole in lower field. Nozzle form Bus. 3. Base-ring marked with two circular grooves, area within slightly sunken.

Discus Iconography: Pegasus to right on groundline.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D I 3

Date: Second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Italy

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: – 1981, Robert L. Lawson, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1981.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

280

Inventory Number: 81.AQ.112.11

Dimensions: L: 8.0 cm; W: 5.2 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Crack on right side of discus; burn marks on nozzle; tip restored. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, scant remains of slip 10YR6/4 light brown. Mica.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII b. Filling-hole and air hole in lower discus. Nozzle form Bus. 3. Blurred base-ring marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Winged Cupid moving to right, holding a shell in his left hand and an alabastron in his right.

Type: Loeschcke type VIII; Bussière form D I 3

Date: Second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Italy

Parallels: Brants 1913, no. 392, pl. 4 (Loeschcke V); Iványi 1935, no. 8, pl. 4 (Loeschcke I); Oziol 1977, nos. 422–24, pl. 23 (Loeschcke IV); Goethert-Polaschek 1985, no. 243, pl. 23 (Loeschcke I), and nos. 404–5, pl. 50 (Loeschcke IV); Rivet 2003, p. 144, no. 183 (fr.); Bémont and Chew 2007, pp. 229, 456, pl. 31, GA 1 and GA 2 (Loeschcke I); cat. 281.

Provenance: – 1981, Robert L. Lawson, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1981.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

281

Inventory Number: 81.AQ.112.12

Dimensions: L: 7.8 cm; W: 5.2 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR7/4 pink, scant mottled remains of glaze between 10YR5/2 grayish brown and 10YR4/1 dark gray.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part and one on lower. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII b. Filling-hole and air hole of same size in lower discus. Nozzle form Bus. 3. Blurred base-ring marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Winged Cupid moving to right, holding a shell in his left hand and an alabastron in his right.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D I 3

Date: Second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Italy

Parallels: Loeschcke 1919, no. 22, pl. 5 (Loeschcke I); Bussière 2000, no. 1880, pl. 55, decor I.b.1.(6) (with further refs.); cat. 280.

Provenance: – 1981, Robert L. Lawson, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1981.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

282

Inventory Number: 81.AQ.112.5

Dimensions: L: 8.4 cm; W: 5.6 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, worn glaze mostly 2.5YR5/4 reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII b. Filling-hole in lower field. Nozzle form Bus. 3. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Dove with raised wings perched to right on a myrtle bough, pecking at a fruit.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D I 3

Date: Second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Italy

Parallels: (Close) Deneauve 1969, nos. 522–23, pl. 53; see Bussière 2000, p. 205, decor III.b.6.(2) (with further refs.).

Provenance: – 1981, Robert L. Lawson, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1981.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

283

Inventory Number: 80.AQ.46.1

Dimensions: L: 9.8 cm; W: 6.7 cm, H: 2.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, glaze 10R5/6 red.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII b. Filling-hole in left part. Nozzle form Bus. 4a. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: CLO.HELI, Italic workshop A.D. 80–150; under the signature is an incuse mark in the shape of a tilted letter S.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Male head in high relief, flat nose, bushy hair (satyr[?]).

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D II 1

Date: Late Flavian to Early Antonine

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Tunisia

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: – 1980, William L. Eagleton, Jr., American, 1926–2011, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1980.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

284

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.391.6

Dimensions: L: 11.0 cm; W: 8.1 cm; H: 3.1 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR8/4 pink, mottled glaze between 7.5YR4/2 dark brown and 10R5/8 red.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a. Central filling-hole. Nozzle form Bus. 4a. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: COPPIRES, Italic workshop probably with African branches, active A.D. 80–160.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D II 1

Date: Late Flavian to Early Antonine

Place of Manufacture or Origin: El Djem (Tunisia)

Parallels: Kricheldorf 1962, nos. 166 (CCLOSVC) and 164 (COPPIRES), pl. 20; Deneauve 1969, nos. 809–18, pl. 65; Defives and Gernez 1971, p. 101 (MNOVIVST), Musée de St. Omer (Tunisia), and p. 102 (FEDISEC), Musée de Douai (Tebessa); Heres 1972, no. 299, pl. 35; Bisi Ingrassia 1977, pl. 47.5; Sapelli 1979, no. 201; Hayes 1980, nos. 231–32; Bailey BM III, Q 1683, pl. 12 (MNOVIVST); Djuric 1995, nos. C 120–C 126; Bussière 2000, nos. 1185–1201 (COPPIRES) (Algeria); Casas Genover and Soler Fusté 2006, no. G 873, pls. 53–57, one example among others.

Provenance: – 1983, Robert L. Lawson, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

285

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.391.7

Dimensions: L: 12.0 cm; W: 8.9 cm; H: 3.1 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact (small piece removed from handle for clay analysis). Clay 7.5YR8/4 pink, mottled glaze 10R5/6 red.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a. Concave discus. Filling-hole slightly on the right above center. Nozzle form Bus. 4a. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: MNOVIVSTI, African workshop active A.D. 120–180.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D II 1

Date: Late Flavian to Antonine

Place of Manufacture or Origin: El Djem (Tunisia)

Parallels: Ponsich 1961, no. 240, pl. 18 (IVNIALEXI); Bussière 2000, p. 291, no. 1241 (MNOVIVSTI) (Sétif).

Provenance: – 1983, Robert L. Lawson, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Manzoni Macdonnell 1984, p. 143, fig. 4, right.

286

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.535

Dimensions: L: 10.5 cm; W: 7.3 cm; H: 2.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR8/3 very pale brown, unevenly preserved glaze 2.5YR5/6 red.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a. Filling-hole in left middle field, with remains of corroded iron wick-nail. Small air hole in lower discus, facing nozzle. Nozzle form Bus. 4a; burn marks. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: FABRICMASC, Italic workshop active A.D. 80/90–140; incuse mark below: double-ovolo.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Personification of Africa, front view of bust with headgear of elephant trunk and tusks; latter feature, usually clearly shown on parallels, is not very distinct on this lamp.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D II 1

Date: Late Flavian to Early Antonine

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Not given by Schüller, but Italic based on the signature

Parallels: Bussière 2000, p. 171, no. 2106, pl. 59, decor I.c.3.(3) (CATILVEST) (with further refs. for illustrations of the same theme, to which can be added Pollino 1994, no. 047, pl. 5); Kunst der Antike 13, no. 150.

Provenance: Before 1982, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); by 1982–1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Galerie Günter Puhze 1982, no. 272.

287

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.166

Dimensions: L: 11.0 cm; W: 7.5 cm; H: 2.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: Handle slightly chipped on top. Clay 5YR7/4 pink, glaze 2.5YR6/6 light red.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VI b. Filling-hole at left; possible traces of iron corrosion. Nozzle form Bus. 4d. Slightly raised base marked off by one circular groove. Workshop signature: CCORVRS.

Discus Iconography: At left, aulete standing to right, wearing short pants whose stippled markings probably indicate fur; in front of him a small unidentified structure with two tiers (altar[?]).

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D II 1

Date: Late Flavian to Early Antonine

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

288

Inventory Number: 81.AQ.38.2

Dimensions: L: 9.5 cm; W: 6.9 cm; H: 2.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: A few chips on the handle. Clay near 5YR7/4 pink, mottled glaze mostly 2.5YR4/4 reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper and lower parts. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a. Filling-hole at right. Air hole facing nozzle. Nozzle form Bus. 4a. Base marked off by one circular groove. Illegible incuse potter’s signature; under it an incuse mark: four-petaled flower(?).

Discus Iconography: Scorpion to right, its claws surrounding the filling-hole.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D II 1

Date: Late Flavian to Early Antonine

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Tunisia

Parallels: Libertini 1930, no. 1300, pl. 124; Álvarez-Ossorio 1942, fig. 3.2 (Loeschcke IV); Palol 1950, no. 68, fig. 108; Ponsich 1961, no. 311, pl. 22; Kricheldorf 1962, nos. 146 (GABINIA) and 147–48, pl. 18; Sotgiu 1968, no. 411e, pl. 4 (CCLOSVC); Heres 1972, no. 78, pl. 12 (Loeschcke I); Gualandi Genito 1977, no. 330, pl. 45; Hellmann 1987, no. 265, pl. 34 (CCLOSVC); Schäfer and Marczoch 1990, p. 47, no. 44; Larese and Sgreva 1996, p. 223, no. 303 (COPPIRES); Bussière 2000, nos. 2468–70, pl. 67, decor III.c.1.(1) (MVNTREPT) (Tipasa) (with further refs. and several signatures); Robin Petitot 2000, p. 57, no. 101 (Loeschcke IV); Rivet 2003, p. 158, no. 306; Casas Genover and Soler Fusté 2006, no. G 970, pl. 63; Bémont and Chew 2007, pp. 192, 449, pl. 24, IT 63, and pp. 243–44, 462–63, pls. 37–38, GA 63–GA 64, (Loeschcke I); Bussière and Rivel 2012, no. 180 (GABMERC) (central Tunisia); Bochum Museum, Schüller Collection, cat. no. 179, S 744 (CLO.HELI and planta pedis under it) (Tunisia).

Provenance: – 1981, William L. Eagleton, Jr., American, 1926–2011, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1981.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

289

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.206

Dimensions: L: 10.2 cm; W: 7.1 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Chipped filling-hole. Clay 10YR6/3 pale brown, glaze 10YR5/1 gray; burned.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a. Filling-hole in left middle field. Small air hole facing nozzle. Nozzle form Bus. 4b. Slightly raised base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: MNOVIVST; below it, capital letter T with small dot at end of each bar; African workshop active A.D. 120–180.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Portrait of bearded man to right with diadem: Hadrian(?).

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D II 1

Date: Late Flavian to Early Antonine

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Libertini 1930, no. 1292, pl. 123; Mercando 1962, no. 3, pl. 6 (MVERCEVP); Brentchaloff 1972, no. 80, Musée de Clermont inv. 56.465.102 (Loeschcke IV, signed OPPI) (Lezoux); Bailey BM II, p. 330, Q 1311, pl. 70, and pp. 34–35, fig. 31; Gualandi Genito 1986, pp. 208 and 216, no. 60 (GABIN[IA?]); Bailey 1994, no. 194, fig. 41; Morillo Cerdán 1999, pp. 198–99, fig. 141, motif 52 (with further refs.); Bussière 2000, nos. 2202–3, pl. 61, decor I.d.1.(2) (with discussion and further refs.); Bochum Museum, Schüller Collection, museum photographic archives, photo P001 210–02–03–01 jpg.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

Discussion: The bearded head in the discus is sometimes interpreted as Hercules because of what seems to be a club on his right shoulder, at other times as a portrait of Hadrian or Antoninus Pius, which seems more likely (Bailey BM II, Q 1311). However, the interpretation of either emperor’s portrait fails to match the chronology of the workshop OPPI (active A.D. 70/80–100), which signs a lamp bearing this particular decor: see Brentchaloff 1972, no. 80 (see discussion in Bussière 2000, p. 172, decor I.d.2). If the portrait is read as that of an emperor, then OPPI’s chronology must be revised, and Hadrian must be preferred to Antoninus Pius (see discussion in Gualandi Genito 1986, p. 208, no. 60; or in Bussière 2000, p. 172, decor I.d.1.[2]).

290

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.164

Dimensions: L: 10.4 cm; W: 7.3 cm; H: 2.2 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR7/4 pink, glaze mostly 5YR4/2 dark reddish gray.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a. Filling-hole left middle. Unpierced small air hole in lower discus, facing nozzle. Nozzle form Bus. 4b. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature IVSTI, Late Flavian to Trajanic African workshop.

Discus Iconography: Fisherman with hat and short tunic sitting on a bank to left, left arm resting behind him; right hand holding fishing line without rod; below, basket and stick on which are strung five fish.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D II 1

Date: Late Flavian to Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Manzoni Macdonnell 1984, figs. 2, 4.

291

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.207

Dimensions: L: 10.3 cm; W: 7.0 cm; H: 2.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR6/4 light brown, unevenly preserved glaze 2.5YR4/6 red with brownish tint.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a. Filling-hole at left. Nozzle form Bus. 4b. Base marked off by one circular groove, with three evenly spaced dots; in center, two small concentric circles with a dot inside.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Bust of an elderly man to right with a long pointed beard.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D II 1

Date: Late Flavian to Early Antonine

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Bussière 2000, p. 194, nos. 2197–99, pl. 61 (COPPIRES), decor II.g.1.(2) (with several comparanda, all signed CCLOSVC); Bémont and Chew 2007, pp. 192, 448, pl. 23, IT 61; Kunst der Antike 11, no. 239.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

292

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.205

Dimensions: L: 10.6 cm; W: 7.2 cm; H: 2.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR6/4 light reddish brown, glaze 10R5/6 red.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a. Filling-hole left middle. Nozzle form Bus. 4b. Slightly raised base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: IVNIALEXI, African workshop active A.D. 120–200.

Discus Iconography: Frontal bust of young woman, hair centrally parted, clothing draped over left shoulder.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D II 1

Date: Hadrianic to Antonine-Severan

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Ponsich 1961, no. 254, pl. 19 (CCORVR); Kricheldorf 1962, no. 171, pl. 21 (MNIVST); Bernabò Brea and Cavalier 1965, no. 3 (CMAREVP) and no. 14 (IVNIALEX), pl. 230 (Lipari); Ennabli, Salomonson, and Mahjoubi 1973, no. 203, pl. 8 (MTMARI), no. 210 (CIVNALEX[I]), and no. 391, pl. 9 (MNOVIVSTI) (Raqqada); Joly 1974, no. 385, pl. 14; Hayes 1980, no. 236; Bailey BM III, Q 1681–Q 1682 (MNOVIVST), pl. 12; García Pereira Maia 1997, p. 48, no. Lu 9-b (QMISE) (Santa Barbara); Bussière 2000, p. 194, no. 2215, pl. 62, decor II.g.1.(11) (with further refs. with various potters’ signatures); (close) Bochum Museum, Schüller Collection, cat. no. 166, S 754 (IVNI.ALEXI) (Tunisia); cat. 293.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

Discussion: Authors of parallels hesitate whether to identify the figure in the discus as male or female. The Getty lamp points to female.

293

Inventory Number: 79.AQ.28.4

Dimensions: L: 10.4 cm; W: 7.1 cm; H: 2.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, glaze mostly 2.5YR4/4 reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a. Filling-hole left middle. Nozzle form Bus. 4b. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s signature IVNIALEXI.

Discus Iconography: Frontal bust of a young woman, hair centrally parted, clothing over her left shoulder.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D II 1

Date: Hadrianic to Antonine-Severan

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Tunisia

Parallels: Bussière 2000, p. 194, no. 2215, pl. 62, decor II.g.1.(11) (with further refs. and various potters’ signatures); cat. 292.

Provenance: – 1979, William L. Eagleton, Jr., American, 1926–2011, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1979.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

294

Inventory Number: 80.AQ.46.6

Dimensions: L: 10.5 cm; W: 7.6 cm; H: 2.4 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay near 5YR7/6 reddish yellow, glaze mostly 2.5YR5/6 red. Slight silver mica.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a. Central filling-hole with remains of corroded iron wick-nail. Nozzle form Bus. 4b. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: MNOVIV, African workshop active A.D. 120–180; incised dot below signature.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Crocodile attacked by lion on top, biting its throat.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D II 1

Date: Late Flavian to Early Antonine

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Tunisia

Parallels: Alaoui III, p. 227, nos. 2134–35 (MNOVIVSTI); Mlasowsky 1993, p. 205, no. 193; Bussière 2000, nos. 2310–11, pl. 64 (CCLOSVC, CLOHEL) (with further refs.).

Provenance: – 1980, William L. Eagleton, Jr., American, 1926–2011, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1980.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

295

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.190

Dimensions: L: 10.3 cm; W: 7.2 cm; H: 2.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR7/4 very pale brown, glaze 7.5YR5/4 brown.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII b. Filling-hole at left. Unpierced air hole slit in discus, facing nozzle. Nozzle form Bus. 4b. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Grotesque dwarf, head turned to left, standing to right on a crescent representing a boat; he is wearing a conical bonnet with pompom, holding an unclear object over his head in his raised hands.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D II 1

Date: Late Flavian to Early Antonine

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Bussière 2000, p. 190, no. 2276, pl. 63, decor II.d.10.(4).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

296

Inventory Number: 80.AQ.46.3

Dimensions: L: 10.4 cm; W: 7.3 cm; H: 2.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, glaze varying between 2.5YR4/4 reddish brown and 2.5YR5/6 red.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a. Filling-hole to left of center. Nozzle form Bus. 4b. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature CEIS in planta pedis (for CFELIS).

Discus Iconography: Bust of Diana to right, upper half of a bow in front of her.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D II 1

Date: Late Flavian to Early Antonine

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Tunisia

Parallels: (Near) Bussière 2000, no. 1931, pl. 57.

Provenance: – 1980, William L. Eagleton, Jr., American, 1926–2011, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1980.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

297

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.211

Dimensions: L: 9.0 cm; W: 6.4 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR7/3 very pale brown, uneven glaze, between 5YR5/3 reddish brown and 5YR4/2 dark reddish gray.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a. Filling-hole upper left. Small air hole in discus, facing nozzle. Nozzle form Bus. 4b. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: LMVNPHILE, Italic lampmaker possibly with African branches, active Late Flavian to Hadrianic period; above and below signature, two concentric circles.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Frontal bust of actor wearing comic mask.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D II 1

Date: Late Flavian to Early Antonine

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Bussière 2000, p. 191, no. 2253, pl. 62, decor II.e.1.(7) (with further refs.).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

298

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.185

Dimensions: L: 10.8 cm; W: 7.4 cm; H: 2.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Crack across discus and back. Clay 10YR6/3 pale brown, glaze varying between 10YR5/2 grayish brown and 10YR4/2 dark grayish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII b. Central filling-hole. Nozzle form Bus. 4b. Base marked off by circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: LMADIEC, Italic workshop, probably with African branches, active A.D. 90–140.

Discus Iconography: Frontal busts of the Dioscuri, Castor and Pollux, looking slightly to left, wearing pointed caps with a star on top.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D II 1

Date: Late Flavian to Early Antonine

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Deneauve 1969, no. 610, pl. 62 (Loeschcke V); Bailey BM II, p. 25, Q 1283, pl. 67 (LFABRICMAS), fig. 21; Bussière 2000, p. 311, no. 2015, pl. 57, and p. 166, decor I.b.8.(1) (with further refs.).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

299

Inventory Number: 81.AQ.112.6

Dimensions: L: 10.6 cm; W: 7.4 cm; H: 2.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, scant remains of glaze 10YR4/2 dark grayish brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a. Central filling-hole. Small air hole in lower discus. Nozzle form Bus. 4e. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Eight-pointed star and crescent: Sol and Luna.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D II 1

Date: Late Flavian to Early Antonine

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Italy

Parallels: Ponsich 1965, no. 20, pl. 1; Deneauve 1969, no. 739, pl. 70; Bussière 2000, nos. 1939–65, pl. 57, decor: I.b.7.(1) (with further refs.) (CLOSVC, COPPIRES, LSEMHAO).

Provenance: – 1981, Robert L. Lawson, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1981.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

300

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.555

Dimensions: L: 9.9 cm; W: 7.3 cm; H: 2.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Ring handle slightly chipped on top. Clay 5YR8/3 pink, glaze varying between 2.5YR4/3 and 2.5YR5/4 reddish brown, two shades.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a. Ring handle with start of two grooves on upper part of misshaped handle. Curved groove links each lar’s lifted hand to the altar, indicating that each is pouring liquid from the rhyton into the situla. Filling-hole above center. Nozzle form Bus. 4e. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: COPPIRES.

Discus Iconography: Two lares in short tunics and cloaks, one on each side of a lit altar flanked by two trees; both lares walking down three steps, each carrying a small situla in the inside hand, raised outside hand holding a rhyton.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D II 1

Date: Late Flavian to Early Antonine

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Unknown

Parallels: (Close) Bartoli Santi and Bellori 1702, p. 14; Brants 1913, no. 417, pl. 4 (Deneauve V G); Loeschcke 1919, no. 390, pl. 6; Ponsich 1961, no. 245, pl. 18; Mercando 1962, no. 3, pl. 7, and no. 594, pl. 61 (Loeschcke V); Heres 1972, no. 18, pl. 5 (Loeschcke III), and no. 368, pl. 41 (heart-shaped nozzle); Bailey BM II, Q 1095, pl. 38 (Bailey type G); Fitch and Goldman 1994, no. 506, pl. 3 (fr.); García Pereira Maia 1997, p. 60, no. Lu 116; Morillo Cerdán 1999, fig. 138.34 (discus fr.); Bussière 2000, nos. 2094–95, pl. 58, decor I.b.12 (with further refs.); Moscara 2003, fig. 1, no. 9; Pace 2008, p. 18 (with a different altar); cat. 310 same decor on a form Bussière D III 2.

Provenance: Before 1982, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); by 1982–1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Galerie Günter Puhze 1982, no. 269.

Discussion: The grooves from the lifted hands of the lares represent the streams of liquid (see Bailey BM II, p. 235, Q 1095; and a very explicit scene on a crater in the Kunsthistoriches Museum, Vienna, no. 910, reproduced in Matesanz Fernández 1988, p. 24, fig. 7). This conventional representation of a stream is not visible on the parallels given above. However, on cat. 310, which shows the same decor (but on a lamp Bussière form D III 2), each curved line links the rhyton to the altar and not to the situla. It may be a misrepresentation of an earlier model.

301

Inventory Number: 91.AK.47

Dimensions: L: 8.8 cm; W: 6.1 cm; H: 2.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay not visible, thick glaze near 2.5YR5/4 reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VIII b, with heavy relief ovules. Filling-hole at right. Nozzle form Bus. 4e. Blurred base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: SLMRMEVO; above and below, small double-circles; letters L and O are smaller than the others, as is usual for this signature; this is a nonsense inscription (see Bailey BM III, Q 3437, pl. 136). The lamp is a fake, purchased in Italy.

Discus Iconography: Bust of Emperor Domitian to right, wearing laurel wreath tied with streamers(?).

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D II 1

Date: Fake lamp made between 1870 and World War II (according to Bailey)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Italy

Parallels: The following lamps are all fakes. (Identical with a sharper relief) Buchholz 1961, p. 180, fig. 4a–b; Selesnow 1988, no. 428, pl. 56; Bailey BM III, Q 3437, pl. 136 (of a slightly bigger size than this lamp, with Latin inscription on discus: IMP.CAES DOMITIANVS.AVG XII); Balil 1984, no. 192 (with Latin inscription on discus: IMP.CAES DOMITIANVS.AVG XII); Bailey BM III, Q 3438, pl. 136 (without inscription); (close decor but treatment of hair on neck and base of bust slightly different): Modrewska 1992, fig. 1. For portraits of other Roman emperors on modern forgeries, see Buchholz 1961, pp. 173–87; Heres 1967, pp. 388–90; Hemelrijk 1971; Hemelrijk 1972; Bailey BM III, p. 436, Q 3431–Q 3438, pl. 136; Brehm 2004.

Provenance: – 1991, Murray C. Zimmerman, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1991.

Bibliography: Acquisitions/1991, p. 147, no. 31.

302

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.229

Dimensions: L: 10.3 cm; W: 7.3 cm; H: 2.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR6/6 reddish yellow, mottled glaze 2.5YR6/6 light red, with some darker spots 2.5YR4/4 reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a. Central filling-hole. Nozzle form Bus. 4b. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: EXOFLV/CCEIORV, African workshop active A.D. 175–225.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D II 1

Date: Late second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Given by Schüller as Asia Minor, but according to its signature, the lamp is definitely African

Parallels: Palol 1950, no. 76 (AVGENDI), fig. 109; Ponsich 1961, no. 201 (MAVRICI), pl. 17; Kricheldorf 1962, no. 168 (LVCCEI), pl. 20, no. 167 (MAVRICI), pl. 20, and no. 171 (MNIVST), pl. 21; Ennabli, Salomonson, and Mahjoubi 1973, nos. 20 (LM), 93 and 152 (NINI), 90 (LVCCEI), pl. 13, nos. 52 (EXOFIQSEM), 86 (PVLLAENI), 153 (RESTITVTI), 214 (LVCCEI), pl. 14 (Raqqada); Carthage II, nos. 25 (NVNDINI), 26 (LVCCCEI), 27 (NVNDI), pl. 4; Sapelli 1979, no. 201; Hayes 1980, nos. 231–32, pl. 23; Djuric 1995, nos. C 120–C 126; Bussière 2000, no. 1289 (LVCCE/I), pl. 54; Casas Genover and Soler Fusté 2006, no. G 873, pl. 53 (an example among several others on pls. 53–57); Bussière and Rivel 2012, no. 190.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

303

Inventory Number: 81.AQ.112.9

Dimensions: L: 7.1 cm; W: 4.9 cm; H: 2.2 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay near 5YR7/6 reddish yellow, scant remains of glaze 10R6/6 light red.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII b. Filling-hole lower left. Hybrid nozzle form mixing Bus. 3 and 4g, a variant, with small V-shaped channel connecting it to discus. Slit air hole in channel. Blurred base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Garlanded amphora braced by a forked stick.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bailey P group ii; Bussière form D II 2

Date: Late Flavian to Hadrianic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Italy

Parallels: (Identical) Perlzweig 1961, no. 172, pl. 6; Hellmann 1987, no. 271, pl. 34; Bochum Museum, Schüller Collection, cat. no. 154, S 824 (Anatolia); (close) cat. 339, for discus decor only (with further parallels); Michelucci 1998, no. 4, pl. 79 (Iasos, Turkey) (Loeschcke VIII); on a Loeschcke type I: Di Filippo Balestrazzi 1988, vol. 2.2, no. 266a, pl. 45.

Provenance: – 1981, Robert L. Lawson, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1981.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

304

Inventory Number: 81.AQ.112.14

Dimensions: L: 7.0 cm; W: 4.8 cm; H: 2.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR7/4 pink, scant remains of glaze mostly 5YR5/3 reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII b with a row of ovolos. Filling-hole slightly below center. Hybrid nozzle form mixing Bus. 3 and 4g, variant with small V-shaped channel connecting it to discus. Base marked off by one circular groove. Plain planta pedis in center.

Discus Iconography: Lion rushing to left.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bailey P group ii; Bussière form D II 2

Date: Late Flavian to Hadrianic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Italy

Parallels: For the discus only, see Bussière 2000, decor III.a.1.(3).

Provenance: – 1981, Robert L. Lawson, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1981.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

305

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.135

Dimensions: L: 10.5 cm; W: 8.5 cm; H: 2.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR6/4 light reddish brown, glaze between 5YR5/3 and 5YR4/3 reddish brown, two shades.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII b. Filling-hole slightly below discus center. Small air hole in discus, facing nozzle. Nozzle form Bus. 4h. Base marked off by one circular groove. Incuse inscription on discus: REGNATOR, with number XXXX under it. Potter’s incuse signature: NNAELVCI, Italic workshop active Late Flavian to Hadrianic period.

Discus Iconography: Victorious racehorse to left in front of palm tree; striated groundline.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bailey P group i; Bussière form D III 1

Date: Late Flavian to Antonine

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Deneauve 1969, no. 753, pl. 61, palm tree replaced by single palm branch and horse’s name inscribed in tabula ansata: BVBAL (signed CCLO.SVC); for a similar horse but without tree or inscription, see Bussière 2000, no. 2707, pl. 72, decor III.a.11.(7); horse and palm tree without inscription: Larese and Sgreva 1996, p. 227, no. 315; similar decor but with variant inscription on discus (VICTOR XXXX), Rodríguez Martín 2002, no. 177, pl. 34; Bochum Museum, Schüller Collection, cat. no. 172, S 844 (VICTORIVS.—) (Q.NVMICEL) (Tunisia).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

306

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.125

Dimensions: L: 13.0 cm; W: 9.3 cm; H: 3.0 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR7/2 light gray, glaze 2.5YR5/2 weak red, with a brownish tint and slightly metallic.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII b. Filling-hole lower left. Small air hole in discus, facing nozzle. Nozzle form Bus. 4h. Base-ring marked off by two circular grooves.

Discus Iconography: Venus at her toilet; she is nude, standing frontally, raising her arms to comb her hair.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bailey P group iii; Bussière form D III 1

Date: Late Flavian to Antonine

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Oziol 1977, p. 146, no. 418, pl. 22; Bailey BM III, Q 2034, pl. 43, fig. 11 (with further refs.); same theme treated differently, Joly 1974, no. 594, pl. 23.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

Discussion: The position of the frontal nude is nearly identical to similar decors on Cypriot lamps, where the figure, said to be Aphrodite, stands next to a large amphora and a pillar with a bird on it (see Oziol 1977).

307

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.126

Dimensions: L: 12.2 cm; W: 8.8 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay near 7.5YR7/4 pink, glaze mostly 2.5YR5/6 red.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII b; square panel on each side of shoulder. Filling-hole between figures. Small unpierced air hole in shoulder groove, facing nozzle. Nozzle form Bus. 4h. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: MNOVIVSTI, African workshop active A.D. 120–180.

Discus Iconography: Two nude pugilists fighting; horizontal palm branch in front.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bailey P group iii; Bussière form D III 2

Date: Late Flavian to Antonine

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

308

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.115

Dimensions: L: 12.8 cm; W: 9.3 cm; H: 2.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR7/3 very pale brown, thin remains of glaze 10YR5/4 yellowish brown (top) and 2.5YR4/8 red (lower part).

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII b; square panel on each side of shoulder. Filling-hole slightly to right of center. Small air hole in discus, facing nozzle. Nozzle form Bus. 4h. Base-ring marked off by two grooves. Potter’s incuse signature: CLO.HEL, Italic workshop active A.D. 80–150.

Discus Iconography: Hercules killing the Stymphalian birds with bow and arrows; he is nude except for the lionskin hanging over his shoulders; Eurystheus is watching, seated at left; tree to the right of Hercules; three birds in the scene.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bailey P group iii; Bussière form D III 2

Date: Late Flavian to Antonine

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Bailey BM II, p. 34, Q 1322, fig. 31 (signed LFABRIHIR); Bonnet 1988, no. 3, fig. 6, punch Sc.c.3, interpreted as Hercules delivering Prometheus.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

309

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.101

Dimensions: L: 12.3 cm; W: 8.9 cm; H: 2.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR6/4 light brown, glaze mostly 2.5YR5/6 red.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a; square panel framed by four dots on each side of shoulder. Filling-hole in upper left field. Small unpierced air hole in lower part. Nozzle form Bus. 4h. Slightly raised base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: MNOVGERM, African workshop active A.D. 120–180.

Discus Iconography: Ulysses tied to the mast of his ship; his companions rowing to right, sail hoisted.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bailey P group iii; Bussière form D III 2

Date: Late Flavian to Antonine

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: (Close) Deneauve 1969, no. 837, pl. 77 (PVLLAENI); Joly 1974, no. 408, pl. 15; Pastorino 1990, p. 143, fig. 7.27; Rodríguez Martín 2002, no. 123, pl. 25; (identical) Bonifay 2004b, fig. 182.6 (CIVNALEX) from Pupput (Tunisia).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

310

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.114

Dimensions: L: 11.2 cm; W: 8.1 cm; H: 2.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Nozzle underside restored; modern overpaint on nozzle. Clay 10YR7/2 light gray, glaze remains mostly on top 10YR4/2 dark grayish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with start of two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII b; square panel on each side of shoulder. Filling-hole left of altar. Unpierced air hole at bottom of discus. Nozzle form Bus. 4h. Base-ring marked off by two circular grooves. Potter’s incuse signature: LMVNPHILE, Italic workshop, possibly with African branches, active Late Flavian to Hadrianic.

Discus Iconography: Two lares in short tunics and cloaks, one on either side of lit altar flanked by two trees; each lar walking down three steps carrying a small situla in inside hand, raised outside hand holding a rhyton; a curved groove links each lar’s lifted hand to the altar.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D III 2

Date: Late Flavian to Early Antonine

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: (Close) Brants 1913, no. 417, pl. 4 (Deneauve type V G); Ponsich 1961, no. 245, pl. 18; Mercando 1962, pl. 7; Deneauve 1969, no. 594, pl. 61 (Loeschcke V); Heres 1972, no. 18, pl. 5 (Loeschcke III), and no. 368, pl. 41 (heart-shaped nozzle); Djuric 1995, p. 51, no. C 144 (MNOVIVSTI); (without altar) Bailey BM II, Q 1095, fig. 26, type G (MYRO); for the general motif only, see Bussière 2000, nos. 2094–95, pl. 58, decor I.b.12 (with further refs.); (with different altar) Pace 2008, p. 18; Moscara 2003, fig. 1.9; (similar decor) cat. 300 (Loeschcke VIII).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

Discussion: According to Bailey, each lar is pouring liquid from a rhyton into a situla, the groove representing the stream of liquid (see Bailey BM II, p. 235, Q 1095). This conventional representation of a stream is not visible on the parallels listed above, which are mostly slightly blurred. On this lamp the curved lines link the rhyta to the altar, not to the situlae. It may be a misrepresentation of an earlier model as seen in Bailey’s BM II, Q 1095.

311

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.116

Dimensions: L: 12.9 cm; W: 9.2 cm; H: 2.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, glaze mostly 2.5YR6/6 light red.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII b; square panel on each side of shoulder. Filling-hole in left middle of discus. Nozzle form Bus. 4h. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: MNOVIVST, African workshop active A.D. 120–180.

Discus Iconography: One of the Dioscuri—Castor or Pollux—in front of a horse, holding reins in his right hand and a long spear in his left; on his head, a pointed cap with a star on top.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bailey P group iii; Bussière form D III 2

Date: Second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Bussière 2000, p. 166, no. 2985, pl. 80, decor I.b.8.(2); (close to nozzle form Bus. 2c) Larese and Sgreva 1996, p. 232, no. 344 (CCLOSVC).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Manzoni Macdonnell 1984, figs. 3, 4.

312

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.464

Dimensions: L: 15.8 cm; W: 11.2 cm; H: 3.4 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR7/2–6/2 pinkish gray, different shades of vitreous glaze GLEY 1, 10GY8/1 to 10GY7/1 light greenish gray; on left bottom a few darker splashes 5G near 5/2 grayish green.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle. Outward-sloping plain shoulder, separated from discus by a circular thin groove, Loeschcke form VII b(?). Central filling-hole. Rounded nozzle form Bus. 4e. Small slightly raised circular base with blurred illegible workshop mark.

Discus Iconography: Myrtle wreath without berries.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D VII

Date: Second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Novaesium (Germany)

Parallels: None found. For other myrtle wreaths, see Bailey BM II, p. 87, fig. 101.

Provenance: By 1973, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); – 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Antiken aus Rheinischem Privatbesitz, p. 125, no. 191, pl. 85.

313

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.277

Dimensions: L: 11.4 cm; W: 8.4 cm; H: 3.1 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR7/3 very pale brown, scant traces of glaze 10YR4/2 dark grayish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VIII b. Central filling-hole. Small air hole in lower part. Nozzle form Bus. 4a. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incised signature EXOF/ICINA/LVCI, African workshop active second century A.D.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D VII

Date: Second half of second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Palol 1950, no. 76, fig. 109 (AVGENDI); Ponsich 1961, no. 201, pl. 17 (MAVRICI); Kricheldorf 1962, nos. 167 (MAVRICI) and 168 (LVCCEI), pl. 20; Ennabli, Salomonson, and Mahjoubi 1973, no. 20 (LM), pl. 13, nos. 93 and 152 (NINI), 90 (LVCCEI), pl. 14, nos. 52 (EXOFIQSEM), 86 (PVLLAENI), 153 (RESTITVTI), and 214 (LVCCEI), pl. 14 (Raqqada); Carthage II, nos. 25 (NVNDINI), 26 (LCCCEI), and 27 (NVNDI), pl. 4; Sapelli 1979, no. 201; Hayes 1980, nos. 231–32, pl. 23; Djuric 1995, nos. C 120–C 126; Bussière 2000, no. 1289, pl. 54, no. 2884, pl. 77, and nos. 3733 and 3769, pl. 107; Casas Genover and Soler Fusté 2006, no. G 873, pl. 53 (several examples on pls. 53–57); Bussière and Rivel 2012, no. 190 (Tebessa); cat. 314.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

314

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.279

Dimensions: L: 10.9 cm; W: 8.0 cm; H: 3.0 cm

Condition and Fabric: Crack in joint on left side. Clay 10YR7/3 very pale brown, scant traces of glaze mostly 10YR4/2 dark grayish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VIII b. Central filling-hole. Small air hole in lower part. Nozzle form Bus. 4a. Slightly raised base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incised signature: LVCCEIO/RVM, African workshop active A.D. 175–225.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D VII

Date: Second half of second century A.D., possibly until first quarter of third century

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Ennabli, Salomonson, and Mahjoubi 1973, type 11, series 2, group 4, pl. 14; (close) Bussière 2000, no. 2884, pl. 77; cat. 313.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

315

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.208

Dimensions: L: 10.1 cm; W: 7.8 cm; H: 2.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Part of left shoulder blurred. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, mottled glaze varying between 5YR5/6 yellowish red and 5YR4/3 reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves. Shoulder: variant of Loeschcke form VIII b, with a row of double-ovolos, separated from the discus by a herringbone-pattern between two grooves. Filling-hole in left part. Small air hole in discus, facing nozzle. Nozzle form Bus. 4a. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: EXOFICI/NA.C.V.S., African workshop active end of second to early third century A.D.; double ovolo under signature.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Bust of Serapis, body frontal, head to left, wearing calathus and draped garment; scepter at right.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 1

Date: Late second to early third century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Given by Schüller as being from Asia Minor, but the lamp with its signature is African

Parallels: Alaoui III, p. 208, no. K 1972 (El Aouja); (close) Deneauve 1969, no. 823, pl. 66 (EXOFFMAVRICI); Bussière 2000, p. 169, no. 3132, pl. 85, decor I.c.1.(1) (with further refs.); cat. 316 and cat. 348.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

316

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.219

Dimensions: L: 11.6 cm; W: 8.5 cm; H: 3.1 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, glaze mostly 7.5YR6/6 reddish yellow.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves. Shoulder: variant of Loeschcke form VIII b, with a row of double-ovolos, separated from the discus by a circle of herringbone-pattern between two grooves. Filling-hole in right middle of discus. Small air hole in lower discus. Nozzle form Bus. 4a or 4f. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: EXOFICI/NA.C.V.S.; similar signature on cat. 315.

Discus Iconography: Bust of Serapis, frontal body, head to left, wearing calathus, rich locks; scepter at right.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 1

Date: Late second to early third century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: (Close) Deneauve 1969, no. 823, pl. 76 (EXOFMAVRICI); Bussière 2000, p. 169, no. 3132, pl. 85, decor I.c.1.(1) (with further refs.); cat. 315 and cat. 348 are similar but not from the same mold.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

317

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.396

Dimensions: L: 10.1 cm; W: 8.4 cm; H: 3.0 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, thin remains of glaze near 2.5YR6/6 light red.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on both parts. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VIII b, with closely spaced slanted criss-crossing lines, separated from discus by convex ridge marked off by two grooves. Filling-hole slightly above discus center; remains of iron corrosion. Small air hole in lower part, facing nozzle. Nozzle form Bus. 6; on underside, band of closely spaced rays between two narrow notched grooves. Base marked off by one circular groove. Two-line inscription on base: MMPAXI // M—(?); workshop signature EXOFICINA.C.V.S. inscribed at top of discus.

Discus Iconography: Homoerotic scene: big-bellied nude bearded man at left having sex with nude lean young partner kneeling at right (coitus a tergo), both to right; the youth is wearing a necklace with what seems to be a bulla.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 2

Date: A.D. 175–225

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Djuric 1995, p. 48, no. C 132; Arslan 2001, p. 50, no. 68, inv. no. A.1984; Bonham’s 2003, lot 10370.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

Discussion:
A workshop signature (EXOFICINA C.V.S.) inscribed on top of the discus is very unusual on first- or second-century Roman lamps, but it occurs occasionally on African lamps of the third century and later. Since the workshop name already figures on the discus of the lamp, could the inscription on the base be the name of the potter himself and not that of the workshop? It is exceptional that two different names are inscribed, one on the discus (the workshop), the other (the potter[?]) on the base. Among the thousands of African lamps Bussière has studied, he has never seen a similar case.

The rays on the underside of the nozzle are a common decor on third-century African lamps.

318

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.400

Dimensions: L: 10.8 cm; W: 8.2 cm; H: 2.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR8/3 very pale brown, flaked thin glaze 10YR5/2 grayish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Solid round vertical handle with two grooves on both parts. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VIII b, with closely spaced slanted rays. Central filling-hole. Small air hole in lower part. Nozzle form Bus. 6; underside has a band of closely spaced rays. Base surrounded by a circular ridge.

Discus Iconography: Homoerotic scene to right, coitus a tergo close to cat. 317; nearly same position of the two partners, except that the big-bellied bearded man at left is here standing holding what is possibly a book scroll: parody of a teacher(?).

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 2

Date: A.D. 175–225

Place of Manufacture or Origin: None given, but certainly African

Parallels: Djuric 1995, p. 48, no. C 132; Arslan 2001, p. 50, inv. no. A.1984; Bonham’s 2003, lot 10370; cat. 317.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

Discussion: The closely spaced rays on the underside of the nozzle are a recurrent feature of late second- and early third-century African lamps. For a description of this nozzle decor, see Ennabli, Salomonson, and Mahjoubi 1973, p. 125, series 1, group 3 (Raqqada).

319

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.213

Dimensions: L: 9.9 cm; W: 7.7 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR6/4 light brown, glaze 7.5YR5/4 brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part, one on lower. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VIII b, with closely spaced impressed rays, each with a dot at inner end. Filling-hole in lower field. Small air hole beneath it. Nozzle form close to Bus. 4f; band of vertical short lines separating nozzle from discus. Raised base-ring marked off by two circular grooves. Potter’s incuse signature: LVCCE/I, African workshop active A.D. 175–225.

Discus Iconography: Human face with strongly accentuated features, wrinkled forehead, large staring eyes, thick curved bushy eyebrows, nose with wide-open bovine nostrils, and a curious V-shaped notched line indicating a bearded collar.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 2

Date: A.D. 175–225

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: (Identical) Kricheldorf 1962, no. 176, pl. 20 (LASCI/VI); Deneauve 1969, no. 731, pl. 69; Kunst der Antike 10, no. 240 (LVCCEI); Casas Genover and Soler Fusté 2006, no. G 1168, pl. 78; for Acheloüs motifs, see Liesen 1994, pp. 26 and 40; Bussière 1998, pp. 299–303 (with further refs.); Raselli-Nydegger 1998, no. 80, pl. 41; Hanotte 2005, no. 52, pl. 64 (fr.); Bochum Museum, Schüller Collection, cat. no. 40, S 637 (Loeschcke I) (Anatolia).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

Discussion: Kricheldorf interprets an identical lamp as a bull mask. There is a link with a lamp signed PVLLAENI of the same date, representing Acheloüs’s face (Bussière 1998). The horns and the bull’s ears are not shown on this lamp, perhaps because of lack of space, but the treatment of the bearded collar, nostrils, and staring eyes recalls similar decors, especially cat. 463 and the lamp studied in Bussière 1998.

320

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.212

Dimensions: L: 10.0 cm; W: 7.5 cm; H: 2.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Chipped left side. Clay 7.5YR6/4 light brown, glaze mostly 5YR6/6 reddish yellow.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with two grooves. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VIII b, with closely spaced short rays. Filling-hole in left part. Nozzle form Bus. 4f. Base-ring marked off by two circular grooves.

Discus Iconography: Faun’s face with very narrow forehead, closely spaced staring eyes, pointed ears, straight nose starting from top of head, thick nostrils, and large stylized beard.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 2

Date: A.D. 175–225

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: (Close) Ponsich 1961, no. 282, pl. 21, and no. 923, pl. 34; Joly 1974, no. 417, pl. 15 (Sabratha); Bailey BM III, p. 9, Q 1702, pl. 14, fig. 13; Bussière 2000, p. 354, no. 3282, pl. 91, and p. 158, decor I.a.10.(14) (with further refs.); Chrzanovski et al. 2000, p. 54, no. 11, pl. 3 (Musée de Vuiz-Faverges); Casas Genover and Soler Fusté 2006, no. G 1086, pl. 71, and no. G 1161, pl. 77.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

Discussion: Casas Genover and Soler Fusté (2006) interpret the decor on this discus as the face of Silenus. The caprine ears suggest rather a faun.

321

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.391.10

Dimensions: L: 9.5 cm; W: 7.2 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact; from worn mold. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, thin glaze 2.5YR6/6 light red.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on both upper and lower parts. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VIII b, with closely spaced short rays. Filling-hole and air hole in lower part. Nozzle form Bus. 4f. Slightly raised base-ring marked off by two circular grooves.

Discus Iconography: Pegasus to right.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 2

Date: A.D. 175–225

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Unknown but presumably African

Parallels: (Close) Deneauve 1969, no. 819, pl. 66 (ATILIANI); (identical) Casas Genover and Soler Fusté 2006, p. 206, no. G 1172, pl. 78 (refs. to close discus decors); Gorny and Mosch 2007b, p. 184, lot 498.

Provenance: – 1983, Robert L. Lawson, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

322

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.155

Dimensions: L: 15.2 cm; W: 11.1 cm; H: 3.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR7/3 pink, glaze 5YR6/6 reddish yellow.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VIII b, with closely spaced impressed rays ending in small dots on interior. Nozzle form Bus. 6(?). Filling-hole a little below discus center. Unpierced air hole in discus, facing nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Frontal eagle with spreading wings, head to left.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 2

Date: A.D. 175–225

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: (Close) Deneauve 1969, no. 773, pl. 73, and no. 949, pl. 76; Bussière 2000, p. 324, no. 2399, pl. 66, and p. 203, decor III.b.1.(10) (with further refs.).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

323

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.158

Dimensions: L: 7.6 cm; W: 6.6 cm; H: 2.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR6/4 light brown, glaze mostly 10YR4/2 dark grayish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form IV a. Shoulder interrupted by a short V-shaped channel in front of nozzle. Concave discus. Central filling-hole with remains of corroded iron wick-nail. Nozzle form Bus. 1. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bailey O group i; Bussière form D I 1

Date: Claudian to Early Flavian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: None found. For the small channel, see Bussière 2000, nos. 1068 and 1088, pl. 52.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

324

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.195

Dimensions: L: 7.3 cm; W: 6.2 cm; H: 2.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR6/4 light brown, glaze mostly 10R5/6 red.

Description: Moldmade. Rounded shoulder with a row of ovolos, separated from concave discus by convex ridge marked off by two grooves. Rather large filling-hole in lower part. Nozzle form Bus. 2a. Slightly raised base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: C.L. For this Italic mark, see CIL 15, no. 6344.

Discus Iconography: Lion rushing to left.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bailey O group i; Bussière form D I 2

Date: Claudian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: Morillo Cerdán 1999, no. 229, motif 112 (with further refs.); Bussière 2000, p. 195, no. 1057, pl. 51, decor III.a.1.(3) (with further refs.); Allison 2006, no. 80, pl. 5 (Loeschcke IV).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

325

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.209

Dimensions: L: 8.8 cm; W: 7.6 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact; incrustations. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, glaze 2.5YR5/6 red.

Description: Moldmade. Flat shoulder with a row of ovolos separated from concave discus by a convex ridge marked off by two grooves. Two almost symmetrical filling-holes in lower field. Nozzle form Bus. 2a. Blurred sunken base with incrustations.

Discus Iconography: Majestic frontal bust of bearded Jupiter, eagle with spreading wings below.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bailey O group i/ii; Bussière form D I 2

Date: Claudian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: None found. For bust of Jupiter and eagle, see Bussière 2000, p. 151, decor I.a; (near) Allison 2006, no. 175, pls. 10 and 128, no. 757, pl. 56 (Loeschcke IV), and no. 1612, pl. 128.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

326

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.236

Dimensions: L: 9.0 cm; W: 9.0 cm; H: 2.9 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 2.5YR6/6 light red, glaze mostly 2.5YR4/6 red, brownish shade.

Description: Moldmade. Deep basin. Shoulder: Loeschcke form II a; two wavy side-lugs. Small V-shaped channel from discus to top of nozzle. Nozzle form Bus. 3 variant. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Winged griffin to left, its right forepaw on its prey (the head of a deer[?]).

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form C II/D I 3

Date: Second half of first century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: Bailey BM III, Q 2400, pl. 63 (Loeschcke IV); Potentia 2001, no. 50 (Loeschcke I).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

327

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.173

Dimensions: L: 9.3 cm; W: 7.7 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Crack all around shoulder, between discus and wick-hole, several on base. Clay 10YR7/2 light gray, glaze mostly 10YR4/3 dark brown.

Description: Moldmade. Flat shoulder, separated from discus by a molding consisting of a flat-topped ridge and two thin rounded ones. Filling-hole above discus center, substantial remains of corroded iron wick-nail. Nozzle form Bus. 3. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Oak wreath of six leaves tied at top.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D I 3

Date: Claudian to Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: Bailey BM II, Q 1212, pl. 7; Bailey BM III, p. 89, Q 2486, fig. 113; Goethert-Polaschek 1985, p. 268, motif M 221. All these lamps of Loeschcke type VIII are slightly different but have the same discus decor.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

328

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.391

Dimensions: L: 9.8 cm; W: 8.3 cm; H: 2.9 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR4/1 dark gray, glaze 10YR3/1 very dark gray.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII b. Central filling-hole within three circular bands. Nozzle form Bus. 3. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Rosette with twenty-two petals.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D I 3

Date: Claudian to Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Central Anatolia

Parallels: (Close) Bailey BM II, p. 86, Q 857, fig. 100.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

329

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.177

Dimensions: L: 10.0 cm; W: 6.9 cm; H: 2.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10R6/4 pale red, glaze varying between 10R5/8 red (top) and 10R4/6 red, darker shade (base).

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Deep basin. Shoulder: Loeschcke VI a; two small impressed circles on nozzle base. Filling-hole in right lower part. Slit air hole in molding, facing nozzle. Nozzle form Bus. 3. Raised base-ring.

Discus Iconography: Eagle to right (sometimes interpreted as a parrot), with conspicuous claws; winged caduceus above.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D I 3

Date: Late Flavian to second half of second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: (Loeschcke IV) Brun and Gagnière 1937, no. 149 and K137; Bailey BM II, Q 906; Bémont and Chew 2007, pp. 253, 468, pl. 43, GA 106.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

330

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.162

Dimensions: L: 11.0 cm; W: 7.8 cm; H: 3.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Small hole in right wall. Clay near 5YR7/4 pink, glaze 10R5/8 red.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves. Deep basin. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a. Central filling-hole. Small unpierced air hole in lower part. Nozzle form Bus. 3, with two small impressed circles on shoulder above it. Slightly raised base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D I 3

Date: Late Flavian to second half of second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: (Close) Deneauve 1969, no. 809, pl. 75.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

331

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.160

Dimensions: L: 9.2 cm; W: 6.5 cm; H: 3.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10R6/6 light red, glaze 10R5/6 red, browner shade.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Deep basin. Shoulder: Loeschcke form IV a. Concave discus. Central filling-hole. Nozzle form Bus. 3. Base marked off by one circular groove. Plain planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D I 3

Date: Late Flavian to second half of second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Southern Anatolia

Parallels: (Close) Bussière 2000, no. 1089, pl. 52.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

332

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.181

Dimensions: L: 9.4 cm; W: 6.8 cm; H: 3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Tip of nozzle chipped. Clay 2.5YR6/6 light red, faint traces of glaze 2.5YR5/4 reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves. Deep basin. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VI b. Filling-hole in upper part. Air hole in discus, facing nozzle. Nozzle form Bus. 3. Blurred base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Big peaceful lion to right drinking from a cantharus held by a winged Cupid sitting at right.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D I 3

Date: Late Flavian to second half of second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: (Close) Leibundgut 1977, p. 144, no. 409, pl. 29, motif 70 (Loeschcke type IV), a more elaborate scene showing the same lion drinking, but in upper field a big crater, a column with a mask atop, and a thyrsus at left. Leibundgut gives several refs. to such dionysiac representations, especially on sarcophagi. For a similar theme treated differently, see Loeschcke 1919, no. 10, pl. 4, and no. 662, pl. 66 (fr.); Heres 1972, no. 36, pl. 7 (Loeschcke I); Bailey BM III, Q 1886, pl. 32, fig. 17; Mlasowsky 1993, p. 133, no. 113; Morillo Cerdán 1999, no. 19, fig. 137; Morillo Cerdán 2003a, p. 539, no. 7, fig. 65; Bémont and Chew 2007, p. 59, decor 30, pp. 177–78, 438, pl. 13, IT 6. In most cases the lion is in left profile, with one Cupid on its back and another holding out a crater out of which the animal is drinking.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

333

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.187

Dimensions: L: 9.8 cm; W: 7.0 cm; H: 3.0 cm

Condition and Fabric: Chipped handle. Clay 2.5YR6/6 light red, a few traces of glaze 10R6/8 light red; many traces of white engobe: Red-on-White lamp. Some gold mica.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Deep body. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VI b. Filling-hole on left side. Small air hole in discus, facing nozzle. Nozzle form Bus. 3. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Frontal head of bearded and half-bald Silenus.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D I 3

Date: Late Flavian to second half of second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: Loeschcke, Willers, and Niessen 1911, no. 1884, pl. 77; Brants 1913, no. 730, pl. 5 (signed B.L.); Waldhauer 1914, no. 542, pl. 51 (Loeschcke IV); Loeschcke 1919, no. 362, pl. 5 (Loeschcke IV); (close) Vikić-Belančić 1976, no. 6, pl. 5 (Loeschcke I); Farka 1977, no. 1080, pl. 63 (with further refs.); Chrzanovski and Zhuravlev 1998, no. 36; Heimerl 2001, nos. 310–11, pl. 8 (Pergamon); (close) Bémont and Chew 2007, pp. 190, 447, pl. 22, IT 56.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

334

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.402

Dimensions: L: 10.2 cm; W: 7.4 cm; H: 2.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Crack under nozzle; burn marks on nozzle. Clay 5YR7/6 reddish yellow, glaze 10R6/8 light red. Powdery gold mica.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with three grooves on both parts. Outward-sloping shoulder, separated from discus by inward-sloping molding; small circle impressed on each side of handle and two more in front of nozzle. Filling-hole upper left. Slit air hole in lower part. Nozzle form Bus. 3. Base-ring marked off by two circular grooves.

Discus Iconography: Erotic scene on bed, man at left and woman at right. The slightly blurred decor makes the reading unclear.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D I 3

Date: Late Flavian to second half of second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

335

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.180

Dimensions: L: 9.8 cm; W: 6.8 cm; H: 2.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR6/4 light brown, glaze 10R6/6 light red.

Description: Moldmade. Outward-sloping shoulder, separated from discus by an inward-sloping molding; three globules close to nozzle. Filling-hole in lower field. Slit air hole in upper field. Nozzle form Bus. 3. Base-ring marked off by one external circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Winged Cupid to left standing on groundline at right, pulling a ram by its horns. Groundline.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D I 3

Date: Late Flavian to second half of second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: None found; (close discus decor, with another profile) Bochum Museum, Schüller Collection, cat. no. 279, S 774 (Anatolia) (with planta pedis).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

336

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.168

Dimensions: L: 9.7 cm; W: 7.0 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR6/6 reddish yellow, mottled glaze mostly 2.5YR5/6 red, darker in spots.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Deep body. Flat shoulder with a row of ovolos, separated from discus by a circular ridge marked off by two grooves. Filling-hole to right of center. Nozzle form Bus. 3. Base-ring marked off by two circular grooves.

Discus Iconography: Stave-dancer performing with sticks in each hand; nude except for loincloth.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D I 3

Date: Late Flavian to second half of second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: Kunst der Antike 13, no. 145. For stave-dancers and grotesques, see Bailey BM II, p. 60, fig. 64. Bochum Museum, Schüller Collection, cat. no. 148, S 819 (Anatolia).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

337

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.196

Dimensions: L: 7.8 cm; W: 5.4 cm; H: 2.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Crack on left side. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, flaked glaze 10YR5/3 brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part, one on lower. Sloping shoulder with a row of globules totally encircling discus; continuous molding separating shoulder from discus. Filling-hole in lower part. Rounded nozzle Bus. form 3. Base marked off by one circular groove; plain planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: Lion running to left.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D I 3

Date: Second century A.D.(?)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: Bussière 2000, p. 195, nos. 1101–2, pl. 53 (close), decor III.a.1.(3).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

338

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.112

Dimensions: L: 11.2 cm; W: 7.5 cm; H: 2.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, glaze 10R5/8 red; partly burned brownish.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VI b. Filling-hole left middle. Small air hole slit in front of nozzle. Nozzle form Bus. 1. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Frontal bust of a young man, bare-chested except for a mantle over his shoulders and fastened in front.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bailey type O group vi

Date: Flavian to Early Antonine

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

339

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.176

Dimensions: L: 9.0 cm; W: 6.3 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR6/3 light reddish brown, scant remains of glaze 2.5YR5/6 red, with a few spots burned(?) dark.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VI b. Filling-hole in lower left. Nozzle form Bus. 4a. Slightly raised base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Garlanded amphora with tip set in flat base, braced by a forked stick; wreath to the left of the amphora.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D II 1

Date: Late Flavian to Early Antonine

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: Loeschcke, Willers, and Niessen 1911, no. 1903, pl. 81, Iványi 1935, no. 12, pl. 45 (Loeschcke IV); Bachofen and Meuli 1958, no. 3, pl. 10 (Loeschcke I); Perlzweig 1961, no. 172, pl. 6 (with further refs.); Di Filippo Balestrazzi 1988, vol. 2.2, no. 266a, pl. 45 (Loeschcke I), motif II.a.4.16 (with further refs.); Fischer and Welling 1984, no. 16, pl. 24 (near type Fabricotti Ia); Dusenbery 1998, p. 834, no. W9–1 (heart-shaped nozzle); Potentia 2001, p. 134 (Loeschcke I); cat. 303 (same discus decor).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

340

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.391.8

Dimensions: L: 11.1 cm; W: 7.3 cm; H: 2.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, glaze 2.5YR5/6 red.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a. Filling-hole slightly below center. Nozzle form Bus. 4a. Slightly raised base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: Q.M.Q.

Discus Iconography: Griffin to left, right foreleg on head of a prey (deer[?]).

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D II 1

Date: Late Flavian to Early Antonine

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Greece

Parallels: Oziol 1977, nos. 365–70, pl. 20 (Loeschcke IV); Portulano 1996, p. 73, no. 37, fig. 14 (Loeschcke IV); Bussière 2000, p. 176, no. 71, pl. 19 (Loeschcke I) (further refs. given for Bussière types B I and B III.1).

Provenance: – 1983, Robert L. Lawson, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

341

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.391.3

Dimensions: L: 10.4 cm; W: 7.3 cm; H: 2.2 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact; discus stained by green corrosion traces from bronze object (wick-needle or coin). Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, glaze varying between 10YR5/2 grayish brown and 10YR4/1 dark gray.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII, with a row of impressed dots. Central filling-hole. Small round air hole in lower field. Nozzle form Bus. 4a. Base-ring marked off by two circular grooves.

Discus Iconography: Rosette with sixteen petals.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D II 1

Date: Late Flavian to Early Antonine

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Greece

Parallels: Bussière 2000, no. 2197, pl. 61, decor II.g.1(2).

Provenance: – 1983, Robert L. Lawson, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

342

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.391.9

Dimensions: L: 9.5 cm; W: 6.8 cm; H: 2.2 cm

Condition and Fabric: Tiny hole on nozzle underside. Clay 5YR6/4 light reddish brown, uneven glaze varying between 10R5/4 and 10R4/4 weak red, in two shades of brownish tint.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a. Filling-hole just below center. Nozzle form Bus. 4a. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: CLO.HEL, Italic workshop active A.D. 80–150; plain planta pedis left top, above signature.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Myrtle wreath.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D II 1

Date: Late Flavian to Early Antonine

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Greece

Parallels: (Close) Heres 1972, no. 294, pl. 34 (COPPIRES); Bussière 2000, p. 210, no. 2549, pl. 68, decor IV.b.5.(3) (with further refs.).

Provenance: – 1983, Robert L. Lawson, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

343

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.140

Dimensions: L: 11.2 cm; W: 8.2 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Crack from right side of discus to tip of nozzle. Clay near 5YR6/4 light reddish brown, mottled glaze 2.5YR5/4 and 5YR4/2 from reddish brown to dark reddish gray.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VI a. Filling-hole slightly under discus center. Small air hole facing nozzle. Nozzle form Bus. 3a. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s signature: QNVMICEL.

Discus Iconography: Boar running to left on groundline.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D II 1

Date: Late Flavian to Early Antonine

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: (Identical) Deneauve 1969, no. 759, pl. 62 (QNVMICEL); (near, left profile) Bochum Museum, Schüller Collection, cat. no. 171, S 789. (LDOMITII) Tunisia.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

344

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.188

Dimensions: L: 10.9 cm; W: 8.1 cm; H: 2.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10R5/8 red, same color slip.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with three grooves on upper part. Shoulder: near Loeschcke form VII a; globule on each side of handle and at top of nozzle. Filling-hole in left field. Air hole in upper field. Nozzle form Bus. 3. Base marked off by one circular groove. Plain planta pedis in center.

Discus Iconography: Antinous: bust of young man to right with long curly hair and tunic that leaves his right shoulder and arm bare.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D III 1

Date: Late Flavian to Antonine

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: For portraits of Antinous, see Clairmont 1966, pl. 1; cat. 424.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

345

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.404

Dimensions: L: 11.2 cm; W: 8.1 cm; H: 2.4 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR7/6 reddish yellow, glaze 2.5YR5/4 reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with one groove on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII b. Filling-hole slightly to left of center. Small air hole in discus, facing nozzle. Nozzle form Bus. 4h. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: NNAELVCI, Italic workshop of Late Flavian to Hadrianic period.

Discus Iconography: Comic-erotic scene. Nude woman sitting on bed at right, cooling down her mate’s ardor by pouring a presumably cold liquid from a cup onto his genitals; taken by surprise, he energetically protests, raising up his left arm.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bailey P group i; Bussière form D III 1

Date: Late Flavian to Antonine

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: Deneauve 1969, no. 890, pl. 81 (fr.); Bailey BM II, p. 62, Q 1320, pl. 71, fig. 66 (with further refs.); Bussière 2000, no. 2705, pl. 71, decor II.f.2.(1) (with further refs.); Rivet 2003, p. 158, no. 299; Kunst der Antike 9, no. 260 (Bussière D III 2).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

346

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.97

Dimensions: L: 11.7 cm; W: 8.5 cm; H: 2.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR8/2 pinkish white, mottled glaze mostly 5YR6/6 reddish yellow.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII b; square panel on each shoulder. Filling-hole slightly above center. Small air hole in discus, facing nozzle. Nozzle form Bus. 4h. Base-ring marked off by two circular grooves. Potter’s incuse signature L.MVNPHILE, Italic workshop, possibly with African branches, active in the Late Flavian to Hadrianic period.

Discus Iconography: Two gladiators in combat; Samnite at left behind a large rectangular shield, wearing a crested helmet but no greaves, his sword arm protected by binding (manica); his adversary, a hoplomachus, behind a smaller rectangular shield, is also wearing crested helmet, greaves, and protective binding on sword arm.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bailey P group iii; Bussière form D III 2

Date: Late Flavian to Hadrianic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Southern Anatolia

Parallels: (Close) Gualandi Genito 1977, no. 283, pl. 39 (Loeschcke type V); Bailey BM II, p. 52, Q 960, pl. 21, fig. 55, with gladiators’ names in tabula ansata (with further refs.).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

347

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.255

Dimensions: L: 9.8 cm; W: 7.7 cm; H: 2.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Handle restored. Clay 5YR6/6 reddish yellow, worn glaze 2.5YR5/4 reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with two grooves. Sloping shoulder with ovolos; square shoulder-panels, closer to nozzle than to handle; shoulder separated from discus by a ridge continuing to nozzle, leaving a broad channel between discus and wick-hole; inner narrower ridge marked off by two grooves. Concave discus. Filling-hole off center. Small air hole facing nozzle channel. Nozzle form Bus. 5. Base-ring marked off by two circular grooves. Potter’s incuse signature: SERGPRIM, Italic workshop active first half of second century A.D.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D IV

Date: First half of second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: Bussière 2000, no. 2751, pl. 74 (SERPRIM) (Portus Magnus, Algeria); Bussière and Rivel 2012, no. 196 (Tunisia).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

348

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.391.2

Dimensions: L: 9.8 cm; W: 7.1 cm; H: 2.9 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact; overpaint on top. Clay 10R5/8 red, uneven remains of glaze 2.5YR6/8 light red.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on both upper and lower parts. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VIII b, with a row of closely spaced ovolos. Shoulder separated from discus by a herringbone ridge between two grooves. Filling-hole in left part, with traces of corrosion from lost iron wick-nail. Small air hole in lower part. Nozzle form Bus. 4a. Base-ring marked off by two circular grooves.

Discus Iconography: Bust of Serapis to left, wearing modius; scepter at right.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 1

Date: Late second to early third century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Greece

Parallels: (Close) Deneauve 1969, no. 823, pl. 76 (EXOFMAVRICI); Bussière 2000, p. 169, no. 3125, pl. 85, decor I.c.1.(1) (with further refs.); Gorny and Mosch 2007a, p. 184, lot 494 (signed POMPO); cat. 315 and cat. 316.

Provenance: – 1983, Robert L. Lawson, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

349

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.153

Dimensions: L: 10.0 cm; W: 7.9 cm; H: 2.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR6/6 reddish yellow, worn glaze varying between 2.5YR6/6 light red and 2.5YR5/6 red. Mica.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with three grooves on upper part. Flat shoulder, separated from discus by a flat-topped ridge marked off by two grooves and interrupted by a very narrow channel facing nozzle top; the two extremities of the ridge curl outward at channel; small rectangular panel on each side of shoulder. Ridge marked off by two grooves surrounding slightly concave discus with central filling-hole. Slit air hole facing nozzle. Small rounded nozzle form Bus. 9e encroaching upon shoulder. Base marked off by one circular groove; plain planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: Three different theater masks evenly distributed on flat upper part of discus.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; eastern Mediterranean imitation of Broneer XXVII D

Date: Second half of second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: (Very close, with Asia Minor links) Griepentrog 1986, nos. 1–2 (ΠEI/OY), nos. 4–6, pl. 30 (plain planta pedis); Hübinger 1993, p. 118, no. 219, pl. 28 (with further refs.); Bussière and Rivel 2012, no. 195; cat. 350. (Related: Corinthian lamps, basis for the Asia Minor imitation) Broneer 1930, p. 205, no. 702, pl. 12; Bailey BM III, p. 404, Q 3242–3243, pl. 116 (Corfu[?]); Mlasowsky 1993, p. 217, no. 206, and maybe also Böttger 2002, p. 90, no. 39, pl. 3 (Athens, fr.).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

Discussion: The decor of three masks distributed on discus in fact goes back to the Italian predecessors of Broneer XXVII D: e.g., Bailey BM II, p. 63, Q 1326, pl. 72, fig. 67 (LMVNPHILE).

350

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.179

Dimensions: L: 9.5 cm; W: 7.4 cm; H: 3.0 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 2.5YR6/4 light reddish brown, glaze 2.5YR5/6 red.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Pierced ring handle with three grooves on upper part. Deep body. Flat shoulder, separated from discus by a flat-topped ridge marked off by two grooves and interrupted by a short channel between discus and nozzle; small rectangular panel on each side of shoulder. Ridge marked off by two grooves surrounding slightly concave discus. Central filling-hole. Small air hole in discus, facing nozzle. Small rounded nozzle encroaching on shoulder, close to form Bus. 4g. Base marked off by one circular groove. Plain planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: Three identical theater masks evenly spaced in flat upper half of discus.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Broneer XXVII C

Date: Second half of second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: See cat. 349.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

Discussion: The masks on the discus are not identical to those on cat. 349: the right one there has long locks of hair on each side of the head.

351

Inventory Number: 81.AQ.112.7

Dimensions: L: 8.9 cm; W: 7.1 cm; H: 2.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Burn marks on nozzle. Clay 10YR7/3 very pale brown, very few traces of glaze 10YR5/3 brown.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with three grooves on upper part. Flat shoulder, separated from discus by a flat-topped ridge marked off by two grooves and interrupted by a narrow channel between discus and nozzle; small rectangular panel on each side of shoulder. Slightly raised ridge surrounding central filling-hole. Small air hole in low part of discus. Small rounded nozzle encroaching upon shoulder, close to form Bus. 4g. Base marked off by one circular indistinct groove.

Discus Iconography: Three blurred identical theater masks evenly spread on flat upper half of discus.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Broneer XXVII C

Date: Late second into early third century(?)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: See cat. 349 with refs.

Provenance: – 1981, Robert L. Lawson, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1981.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

352

Inventory Number: 81.AQ.112.8

Dimensions: L: 9.5 cm; W: 7.0 cm; H: 2.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Burn marks on nozzle and left side. Clay near 7.5YR8/2 pinkish white, glaze unevenly worn, mostly 2.5YR6.6 light red; parts burned dark near 5YR4/2 dark reddish gray. Powdery gold mica.

Description:
Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with three grooves on upper part. Flat shoulder, separated from discus by a flat raised band marked off by two grooves and interrupted by a short wide channel between discus and nozzle; rectangular panel on each side of shoulder; crude vine and bunch of grapes on upper shoulder between panels and handle; the two extremities of the ridge curl outward at the channel; incised circle on each side of handle and on each side of nozzle channel; another on the left shoulder close to nozzle. Two concentric ridges descending toward the central filling-hole. Small air hole in lower field. Heart-shaped nozzle encroaching upon shoulder, close to Bus. 4.3.[1] Base-ring marked off by two deep circular grooves; incuse plain planta pedis in center.

1. Despite its heart-shaped nozzle, this lamp is not placed with other lamps with similar nozzles, but rather, here, close to lamps it resembles in terms of its discus decor, its shape, and the presence of the two rectangular panels on the shoulders, which belong to Broneer type XXVII.↩

Discus Iconography: Three identical worn theater masks evenly spaced in upper half of concave discus, the heads overlapping the ridges.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Broneer XXVII C

Date: Early third century A.D.(?)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor?

Parallels: None found; see cats. 349–51 for related decor.

Provenance: – 1981, Robert L. Lawson, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1981.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

353

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.536

Dimensions: L: 8.7 cm; W: 6.8 cm; H: 2.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Hairline crack over upper discus’s left and right shoulders. Clay near 2.5YR6/6 light red, glaze mostly 2.5YR6/4 light reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Solid handle with two grooves on both upper and lower parts. Flat shoulder with a row of small ovolos; rectangular panel on each side; shoulder separated from discus by a circular narrow band marked off by two grooves. Filling-hole in upper field. Air hole facing kite-shaped nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Erotic scene. Nude man at right lying on bed; woman to left on top of him, her right elbow resting on a cushion, supporting her head; her left outstretched arm touches the man’s shoulder. Three or four objects below the bed, a cup and an oenochoë among them.

Type: Broneer XXVII C

Date: Late second into third century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Unknown

Parallels: For a non-Corinthian, slightly later, roughly drawn and glazed copy of the same discus composition, see Heimerl 2001, pp. 176–77, no. 994, pl. 21. Numerous near-variations exist in different media in the Roman world; see, for instance, Clarke 1998, especially pp. 250–54 for lamps.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Galerie Günter Puhze 1983, no. 243.

354

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.394

Dimensions: L: 9.5 cm; W: 7.5 cm; H: 2.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR7/4 pink, thin uneven glaze 2.5YR6/4 light reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Solid round vertical handle with two grooves on upper part. Flat shoulder with a row of ovolos and a panel on each side; shoulder separated from discus by a circular ridge marked off by two grooves. Filling-hole in upper left part. Kite-shaped nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Erotic scene. Nude woman crouching down, copulating with a horse or a donkey lying on its back under her.

Type: Broneer XXVII C

Date: Late second into third century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: Bruneau 1965, pp. 349–57; Bruneau 1977, p. 267, fig. 12 (Corinth Museum), and a detailed study with further refs. pp. 265–71; a bone tessera (game piece) with similar decor found in 2008 in Fréjus (France), will be published by Y. Lemoine.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

Discussion: In spite of clear echoes of Corinthian type XXVII lamps (side panels, ovolo rim, kite nozzles, and erotic theme), its transfer to the eastern Mediterranean has dropped the pierced handle and the bottom signature.

355

Inventory Number: 75.AQ.31

Dimensions: Max. pres. L: 5 cm; max. pres. W: 6.7

Condition and Fabric: Discus fr. Clay 5YR6/6 reddish yellow, same color glaze.

Description: Moldmade, with a large thumbprint in the clay to the right of the filling-hole on the inside. Athenian production. Shoulder-pattern, Perlzweig 1961, no. 11, pl. 51 (incised trefoil and reel). Shoulder separated from discus by a raised band, marked off by two incised circles. Filling-hole in upper right field.

Discus Iconography: Erotic scene. A woman to right on a bed, copulating with a horse upright on its hind legs.

Type: Broneer XXVIII

Date: Late third into early fourth century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Athens (Greece)

Parallels: (Predominantly with different rims) Waldhauer 1914, p. 63, no. 495, pl. 47 (fr.); Broneer 1930, p. 257, nos. 1201–2, fig. 182; Libertini 1930, p. 278, no. 1333, pl. 125; Haken 1958, pp. 93–94, no. 96, pl. 13; Perlzweig 1961, p. 123, nos. 831–33 (pl. 18); Chrzanovski and Zhuravlev 1998, pp. 121–25, no. 67 (with further refs.); Böttger 2002, pp. 148–50, nos. 1275–1308, pls. 27–28. The subject matter has links to Corinthian lamps, see refs. for cat. 354.

Provenance: – 1975, Dr. Fred Bromberg and Virginia M. Bromberg (Bay Shore, New York), donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1975.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

356

Inventory Number: 75.AQ.30

Dimensions: Max. pres. L: 5.8 cm; max. pres. W: 4.9

Condition and Fabric: Discus fr. restored from two parts. Clay 5YR7/4–6/4 between pink and light reddish brown, glaze 10R6/6 light red.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Fingerprint visible in the clay on the inside. Athenian production.

Discus Iconography: Erotic scene. At right, man half lying on a bed, woman at left, crouching on top of him, holding her hands on her stomach.

Type: Broneer XXVIII

Date: Third century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Athens (Greece)

Parallels: (Identical) Böttger 2002, pp. 148–50, nos. 1135–79, pls. 25–26 (woman’s right arm is not held on the body as it is here, i.e., the lamp is from a different mold series); (close) Haken 1958, nos. 93 and 97, pl. 13 (Athens); Perlzweig 1961, p. 122, no. 823, pl. 18, and nos. 824–26; Slane 1990, p. 33, no. 45, pl. 4; all the examples from the Athenian Kerameikos have the same shoulder decor (when preserved): trefoil and reel (see cat. 355). Of the many recurring erotic scenes in the Athenian repertory, this distinct type is called “symplegma with canopy.”

Provenance: – 1975, Dr. Fred Bromberg and Virginia M. Bromberg (Bay Shore, New York), donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1975.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

357

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.391.12

Dimensions: L: 9.3 cm; W: 6.5 cm; H: 2.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Small sample of clay has been removed from handle for analysis; otherwise intact. Clay 7.5YR8/2 pinkish white, mottled glaze originally 10R6/6 red; several darker areas.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Outward-sloping plain shoulder, separated from discus by ridge between two circular grooves. One additional circular groove in middle of concave discus. Central filling-hole. Heart-shaped nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D IX

Date: Late Flavian to early Antonine period

Place of Manufacture or Origin: El Djem (Tunisia)

Parallels: Bussière and Rivel 2012, no. 202.

Provenance: – 1983, Robert L. Lawson, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

358

Inventory Number: 83.AK.438.418

Dimensions: L: 13.0 cm; W: 9.6 cm; H: 3.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR7/3 very pale brown, glaze 10YR6/4 light yellowish brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Outward-sloping shoulder, separated from discus by a ridge marked off by two circular grooves and an additional inner ridge. Heart-shaped nozzle; burn marks. Base-ring marked off by two circular grooves.

Discus Iconography: Leda and the swan embracing and kissing. Leda, to right grasped by swan with spreading wings; small Cupid at left.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D IX

Date: Second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Tunisia

Parallels: (Identical) Bailey BM II, p. 329, Q 1304, pl. 69; (close) Gualandi Genito 1977, no. 216, pl. 32 (Loeschcke IV); (Cupid lacking) Mlasowsky 1993, p. 109, nos. 90–91.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

359

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.465

Dimensions: L: 13.1 cm; W: 10.5 cm; H: 3.2 cm

Condition and Fabric: A few chips. Clay 7.5YR7/2 pinkish gray, vitreous glaze near GLEY 1 near 5G5/2 grayish green (although more intensely green).

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with three grooves on upper part. Shoulder separated from discus by a molding consisting of one ridge and three inner descending grooves; voluted ear handles on opposite sides of shoulder, each ending in two short descending ridges on the side of the lamp. Central filling-hole. Heart-shaped nozzle. Slightly raised base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature in small capital letters: AVFIFRON, African workshop active mid-second century A.D.

Discus Iconography: Four incised leaves symmetrically placed in cross-shape.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D IX

Date: Mid-second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Mainz (Germany)

Parallels: (Close, but with six leaves) Menzel 1954, p. 50, no. 269, fig. 19.7; Rosenthal and Sivan 1978, p. 42, no. 168 (no vitreous glaze); Zaccaria Ruggiu 1980, p. 103, no. 159 (no vitreous glaze). For same ear handles, see Bussière 2000, no. 2995, pl. 81.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

360

Inventory Number: 81.AQ.112.13

Dimensions: L: 7.8 cm; W: 5.4 cm; H: 2.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Part of discus broken and restored. Clay near 5YR7/6 reddish yellow, a few remains of glaze varying between 10R6/6 light red and 10R5/6 red. Incrustation all over.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Flat shoulder with a row of ovolos, separated from the discus by a molding consisting of two ridges and two circular grooves. Almost central filling-hole. Heart-shaped nozzle. Base-ring marked off by two circular grooves.

Discus Iconography: Dolphin to right with curled-up splayed tail; trident behind it at right.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 1a

Date: Second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Italy

Parallels: (Close) Bussière 2000, p. 326, no. 2447, pl. 67, and p. 200, decor III.a.9.(8).

Provenance: – 1981, Robert L. Lawson; donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1981.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

361

Inventory Number: 81.AQ.38.5

Dimensions: L: 10.3 cm; W: 7.2 cm; H: 2.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR7/4 pink, glaze 2.5YR6/8 light red.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a with a row of ovolos. Filling-hole in upper right field with trace of iron corrosion. Air hole in lower part. Heart-shaped nozzle Bus. form 10c. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: At left, Anubis to left holding caduceus; at right, Isis with basileion on her head; both richly draped and turning their heads to right.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 1a

Date: A.D. 175–225

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Tunisia

Parallels: (Identical) Deneauve 1969, no. 904, pl. 82 (CHELIAN), published in LIMC 5.1, p. 774, no. 187a, s.v. Isis, illustrated in LIMC 5.2, p. 511; Bémont and Chew 2007, pp. 330, 503, pl. 78, AF 15 (from North Africa).

Provenance: – 1981, William L. Eagleton, Jr., American, 1926–2011, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1981.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

362

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.292

Dimensions: L: 10.6 cm; W: 8.1 cm; H: 2.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Some cracks on discus and sides. Clay 10YR7/3 very pale brown, uneven remains of glaze 7.5YR4/2 dark brown.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VIII b with a row of double ovolos, separated from discus by a thin herringbone cord. Flat-bottomed discus with some trace of iron corrosion near central filling-hole. Small air hole in lower field. Heart-shaped nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: QNVMICEL, Italic workshop active Late Flavian to Hadrianic.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 1a

Date: Hadrianic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

363

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.224

Dimensions: L: 10.6 cm; W: 8.4 cm; H: 2.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR8/4 pink, uneven glaze varying between 10YR5/2 grayish brown and 10YR4/2 dark grayish brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Slightly outward-sloping shoulder with a row of double-ovolos, separated from discus by a ridge marked off by two circular grooves. Filling-hole in left field with traces of iron corrosion from lost wick-nail. Unpierced air hole on shoulder above nozzle. Heart-shaped nozzle. Base marked off by three circular grooves.

Discus Iconography: Apollo seated to right on a stool playing kithara.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 1a

Date: Second half of second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

364

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.244

Dimensions: L: 11.5 cm; W: 8.2 cm; H: 2.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, glaze varying between 2.5YR6/6 light red and 5YR4/2 weak red, of brownish shade.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder with a row of double-ovolos, separated from discus by an outer ridge and an inner narrower one marked off by two grooves. Filling-hole and air hole in lower part of discus. Heart-shaped nozzle; underneath, a band of tongues between two twisted cords. Flat base, demarcated by a band marked off by two grooves with three incised ovo-patterns; two additional inner circles. Signature: PVLL/AENO/RV, African workshop active during Late Antonine and Severan periods.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Europa on bull (Jupiter) rushing to right.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 1a

Date: Late Antonine to Severan

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: (Close) Cologne Museum, Wollmann Collection, inv. no. W 659.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

365

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.230

Dimensions: L: 10.5 cm; W: 7.6 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR7/2 light gray, unevenly preserved glaze mostly 5YR4/2 dark reddish gray.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VIII b, with a row of double ovolos. Almost central filling-hole. Air hole facing the heart-shaped nozzle. Underneath, a row of small dotted circles. Base with a band marked off by two circular grooves and a narrow additional inner one; within this band three evenly spaced incised ovo-patterns; small dotted circle toward the nozzle.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Amphitheater scene: lion running to right with a long spear through its throat; man below wearing a tunic and holding an unidentified object in his right hand; oddly represented horizontally, the man is in fact standing and seems unharmed.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 1c

Date: Antonine to Severan

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

Discussion: The ovo-pattern is common on bases of African lamps dated A.D. 170–230.

366

Inventory Number: 81.AQ.38.3

Dimensions: L: 10.8 cm; W: 7.6 cm; H: 2.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay near 5YR6/4 light reddish brown, mostly same color glaze; darker burned(?) areas on bottom.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part and one on lower. Shoulder with a row of ovolos, separated from discus by a braided ridge marked off by two circular grooves. Filling-hole and air hole in lower field. Heart-shaped nozzle; below it two striated bands between two twisted cords. Base-ring marked off by two circular grooves.

Discus Iconography: Amphitheater scene: big lion at left, with its right claw striking a fallen man whose raised right leg seems to be chained to a pole, which he is grasping.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 1c

Date: Antonine to Severan

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Tunisia

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: – 1981, William L. Eagleton, Jr., American, 1926–2011, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1981.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

367

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.472

Dimensions: L: 14.5 cm; W: 10.2 cm; H: 3.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR6/2 pinkish gray, scant remains of glaze 10YR4/2 dark grayish brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with two grooves on both upper and lower parts. Shoulder with a row of medium-sized double ovolos, separated from discus by a twisted cord marked off by two circular grooves. Deep basin. Filling-hole slightly below center. Small air hole on shoulder, facing the heart-shaped nozzle; below, a band of eight tongues. Base-ring marked off by two circular grooves and an additional inner circle. Workshop mark: three vertical palm branches hanging from a horizontal line.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Bull standing to left on groundline, head frontal.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 1c

Date: Antonine to Severan

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

368

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.240

Dimensions: L: 11.3 cm; W: 8.5 cm; H: 3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay near 5YR6/4 light reddish brown, glaze mostly 5YR6/6 reddish yellow.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with three grooves on upper and lower part. Deep body. Shoulder with closely spaced tongues, separated from discus by two circular grooves. Filling-hole slightly left of center. Unpierced air hole in lower field. Heart-shaped nozzle; below, striated band between two twisted cords. Rounded raised base-ring marked off by two circular grooves and a second thin inner circular ridge; small dotted circle in center.

Discus Iconography: Apollo, nude, driving his chariot to right drawn by two griffins.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 1c

Date: Antonine to Severan

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: (Identical) Deneauve 1969, no. 932, pl. 85; Bussière 2000, p. 351, no. 3179, pl. 86, and p. 153, decor I.a.4.(2) (with further refs.); Bémont and Chew 2007, pp. 331, 504, AF 19; (close) Kunst der Antike 13, no. 152.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

369

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.204

Dimensions: L: 10.5 cm; W: 8.0 cm; H: 2.4 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 2.5YR7/3 light reddish brown, mottled glaze varying between 7.5YR5/2 brown and 5YR6/6 reddish yellow.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with two grooves on both upper and lower parts. Shoulder flat: outer part plain, inner with a row of raised tongues, separated from discus by a thin twisted cord marked off by two circular grooves. Filling-hole in upper right field. Air hole in discus, facing nozzle. Heart-shaped nozzle; below, a band of tongues between two twisted cords. Flat base with three bands marked off by circular grooves. The two outside bands are of the same width, the outer is decorated with symmetrically repeated, incised ovo-patterns, the inner with a row of small dotted circles. The innermost band is plain and narrower. In the central area of the base one small dotted circle.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Mercury wearing his winged cap galloping to left on a woolly ram, caduceus in left arm, purse in right hand, drapery flowing behind.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 1c

Date: Antonine to Severan

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Kunst der Antike 14, no. 158. For the same theme treated differently, see Di Filippo Balestrazzi 1988, vol. 2.2, decor I.a.4.(2); Bussière 2000, decor 1.a.6.(5). For the same motif on a Greek vase, see Rohde 1990, no. F 2727, pl. 27, different treatment.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

370

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.201

Dimensions: L: 10.3 cm; W: 7.8 cm; H: 2.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR7/4 very pale brown, thin worn glaze 7.5YR6/4 light brown.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on both upper and lower parts. Shoulder with a row of raised tongues, separated from discus by a narrow ridge marked off by two circular grooves. Filling-hole slightly left of center. Air hole in lower field. Heart-shaped nozzle; under it a band of eight tongues. On the base, a wide band marked off by two grooves, accompanied by a third thin inner ridge; on this band four small dotted circles evenly spaced; a fifth small circle in the center of the base.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Bacchus standing frontally, looking to left, picking grapes from a vine at far left; his left arm is around the shoulder of a youth with thyrsus at right; both are nude.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 1c

Date: Antonine to Severan

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: (Very close) Deneauve 1969, no. 928, pl. 34; Djuric 1995, p. 50, no. C 140.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

371

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.323

Dimensions: L: 12.0 cm; W: 8.6 cm; H: 3.2 cm

Condition and Fabric: Thin crack on discus and nozzle. Clay 5YR7/4 pink, uneven remains of glaze 10R5/6 red.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Solid round ring handle. Blurred shoulder with a row of raised tongues, separated from discus by a thin twisted cord marked off by two circular grooves. Same-sized filling-hole and air hole on discus. Heart-shaped nozzle. Raised rounded base-ring, within which are fifteen rays forming a star-pattern.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Meleager and the Calydonian boar. The nude Meleager is spearing the boar hiding under a tree on the right; only its forequarters are visible.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 1c

Date: Antonine to Severan

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Ennabli, Salomonson, and Mahjoubi 1973, no. 286, pl. 21, type 12, series 6 (Raqqada); (close for discus decor but left profile) Kunst der Antike 14, no. 159; Bochum Museum, Schüller Collection, cat. no. 295, S 373 (Tunisia); cat. 372.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

372

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.351

Dimensions: L: 10.7 cm; W: 8.4 cm; H: 3.2 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay near 7.5YR7/4 pink, glaze 2.5YR6/6 light red.

Description: Moldmade. Solid round handle. Shoulder with a row of long ovolos, separated from discus by a thin twisted cord marked off by two circular grooves. Filling-hole slightly above center, with traces of iron corrosion. Air hole in lower field. Heart-shaped nozzle. Raised rounded base-ring; within it fourteen radiating lines form a star-pattern.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Meleager and the Calydonian boar. Meleager at left, nude except for a hat and a mantle fastened over his shoulders, is charging with a spear; boar at right is hiding under a tree, only its forequarters are visible.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 1c

Date: Antonine to Severan

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Tunisia

Parallels: Ennabli, Salomonson, and Mahjoubi 1973, no. 286, type 12, series 6, pl. 21 (Raqqada); cat. 371.

Provenance: – 1983, William L. Eagleton, Jr., American, 1926–2011, and Kay Eagleton, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

373

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.222

Dimensions: L: 11.0 cm; W: 8.3 cm; H: 2.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR7/3 pink, glaze 10R5/8 red.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper and lower parts. Shoulder with a row of raised tongues, separated from discus by a thin twisted cord marked off by two circular grooves. Filling-hole in upper left field, air hole in lower field. Heart-shaped nozzle; underneath, a band of tongues between two curved lines. Flat base with a band marked off by two circular grooves and an additional inner circle; the band has three pairs of small dotted circles, probably ovo motifs.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Diana galloping to right on a stag, pulling an arrow out of her quiver.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 1c

Date: Antonine to Severan

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: (Close) Deneauve 1969, no. 835, pl. 77 (PVLLAEN), and no. 922, pl. 34 (CAPRARI); Svoboda 2006, p. 62, no. 99; Bonifay 2004a, p. 327, no. 11, fig. 183 (LVCCEI) (Pupput); Kunst der Antike 11, no. 238.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

374

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.217

Dimensions: L: 11.8 cm; W: 8.2 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay near 5YR7/6 reddish yellow, glaze 2.5YR5/8 red.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on each part. Flat shoulder with a band of tightly placed raised tongues, separated from discus by a thin herringbone ridge marked off by two circular grooves. Filling-hole in lower left. Air hole at bottom of discus. Heart-shaped nozzle top framed by a herringbone ridge, giving the nozzle an unusual rectangular form; flanking the nozzle, two volute-knobs with a small circle impressed on each. Base surrounded by a narrow band demarcated by two grooves. On the band six pairs of small circles; inside this band, three vertical palm branches hanging from horizontal line: a well-known African workshop mark. See cat. 367 for the same mark.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Bust of bearded Serapis to left wearing a calathus, head surrounded by five long rays; scepter behind left shoulder.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 1c

Date: Antonine to Severan

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Ennabli, Salomonson, and Mahjoubi 1973, no. 286, pl. 21, type 12, series 6 (Raqqada); Bussière 2000, no. 3125, pl. 85 (fairly close lamp, except for the absence of rays and of a rectangular ridge on the heart-shaped nozzle).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

Discussion: Serapis busts are common on African lamps; for Algeria alone, see Bussière 2000, nos. 3132, 3201, 3270, 3517, and 3683, all dated to the same period: A.D. 150–235.

375

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.184

Dimensions: L: 10.1 cm; W: 7.3 cm; H: 2.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR7/3 very pale brown, glaze 7.5YR6/4 light brown.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder with closely spaced outward-slanted rays, separated from discus by two circular grooves. Filling-hole in upper right field. Air hole in lower. Heart-shaped nozzle. Base-ring marked off by two circular grooves; two additional interior rings. Potter’s incised signature: AVGVS/TIANI, African workshop active A.D. 175–225.

Discus Iconography: Protome of lion to right.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 2b

Date: Antonine to Severan

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: (Identical) Kricheldorf 1962, no. 231, pl. 27; Deneauve 1969, no. 921, pl. 34 (PVLLAENI); Joly 1974, no. 1280, pl. 54; Palanques 1992, no. 655, pl. 25; Bussière 2000, no. 3273, pl. 90, decor III.1.(11) (with further refs.).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

376

Inventory Number: 79.AQ.28.5

Dimensions: L: 10.4 cm; W: 7.7 cm; H: 2.9 cm

Condition and Fabric: Slight crack above nozzle. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, worn glaze mostly 7.5YR5/2 brown.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on both upper and lower parts. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a, with a laurel-wreath decor of leaves and berries. Filling-hole slightly right above center. Air hole in lower field. Heart-shaped nozzle. Raised base-ring marked off by two grooves (decorated with three ovo-patterns); two additional inner circles.

Discus Iconography: Hippocamp, mythic sea creature with the head of a horse and the twisted tail of a fish, rushing left.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 4a

Date: A.D. 175–225

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Tunisia

Parallels: Cat. 377.

Provenance: – 1979, William L. Eagleton, Jr., American, 1926–2011, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1979.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

377

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.237

Dimensions: L: 10.5 cm; W: 7.8 cm; H: 2.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR8/4 very pale brown, uneven remains of glaze 10YR5/3 brown.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on both upper and lower parts. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a, with laurel wreath and berries. Central filling-hole with traces of corroded iron wick-nail. Air hole facing nozzle. Heart-shaped nozzle. Raised base-ring marked off by two grooves, inside two additional thin grooves; ovo-patterns on base-ring.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Hippocamp, mythic sea creature with the head of a horse and the twisted tail of a fish, rushing left.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 4a

Date: Ca. A.D. 175–225

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Same discus theme treated differently: Bussière 2000, no. 2139, pl. 60; cat. 376.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

378

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.228

Dimensions: L: 12.3 cm; W: 8.5 cm; H: 3.0 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR6/4 light brown, glaze near 10YR7/4 very pale brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Unpierced ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VIII a, with laurel-wreath decor. Sunken discus with central boss pierced by filling-hole. Big air hole at right. Heart-shaped nozzle. Flat raised base-ring. Potter’s incuse signature: AVGENDI, African workshop active A.D. 175–225; under signature, small dotted circle surrounded by four dots.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Plain central boss.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 4a

Date: Ca. A.D. 175–225

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Bussière 2000, no. 3346, pl. 92; Bonifay 2004a, p. 328, no. 3, fig. 184 (AVGENDI, from Pupput).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

379

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.259

Dimensions: L: 11.2 cm; W: 8.4 cm; H: 3.0 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR7/4 pink, glaze 5YR6/6 reddish yellow.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on both upper and lower parts. Shoulder: laurel-wreath decor separated from discus by two narrow ridges marked off by grooves. Radial band on the inward-sloping wall of discus. Central striated boss pierced by filling-hole. Air hole in left field. Heart-shaped nozzle. Flat raised base-ring marked off by two circular grooves; an additional inner circle. Potter’s incuse signature: PVLL/AENI.

Discus Iconography: Band of rays.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 4a

Date: Ca. A.D. 175–225

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Brants 1913, no. 991, pl. 6 (Tunisia); Ponsich 1961, no. 324, pl. 24 (AVGEN), and no. 344, pl. 25 (LASCIVI); Kricheldorf 1962, no. 233, pl. 27 (MAVRICI); Deneauve 1969, no. 1005, pl. 91 (LVCCEI); Ennabli, Salomonson, and Mahjoubi 1973, no. 29, pl. 16, no. 68, pl. 17, and no. C 2, pl. 36 (Raqqada); Joly, Garraffo, and Mandruzzato 1992, p. 151, nos. L 32–L 34, figs. 43–45; Bailey 1997, nos. 3-88 and 3-89; Bussière 2000, nos. 3321–83 (EXOFVIC/TORIS) (LVCC/EI) (VIS) (VICT/ORINI) (PVLL/AENI) (AVGENDI); Ben Abed Ben Khader and Griesheimer 2004, p. 35, no. 31, fig. 13 (Pupput); Bonifay 2004b, no. 1 (Pupput) and no. 9 (Carthage), fig. 184; Casas Genover and Soler Fusté 2006, nos. G 1213–G 1215, pl. 81; Bussière and Rivel 2012, no. 215.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

380

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.278

Dimensions: L: 10.5 cm; W: 7.8 cm; H: 3.1 cm

Condition and Fabric: Crack on right shoulder. Clay near 5YR7/6 reddish yellow, glaze 5YR5/6 yellowish red.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VIII b, with laurel wreath. Inward-sloping wall of discus. Central boss pierced by filling-hole. Big air hole close to it at right. Heart-shaped nozzle. Inscription in relief letters on sides of basin: EXOFICINA RO(-)YTI; letter before last I is a capital T upside-down; missing letter may be a C. Raised base-ring.

Discus Iconography: Raised zigzag design.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 4a

Date: Ca. A.D. 175–225

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: None found with zigzag line on discus.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

381

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.178

Dimensions: L: 10.0 cm; W: 7.8 cm; H: 2.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR7/2 pinkish gray, glaze 5YR6/3 light reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part and one on lower. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a, with laurel wreath, leaves, and berries. Filling-hole in upper left field with portion of corroded iron wick-nail. Air hole facing nozzle. Heart-shaped nozzle; underside with a striated band between two cords. Raised rounded base-ring marked off by two circular grooves. Potter’s incuse signature: EXOFI/CINA/KAPITO/NIS, African workshop of Severan times.

Discus Iconography: Bust of satyr to left, holding thyrsus and blowing flute; deer skin(?) over shoulder.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 4b

Date: A.D. 225–250

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: (Identical) Deneauve 1969, no. 946, pl. 86; Bussière 2000, p. 358, nos. 3414–15, pl. 93, decor I.a.10 (26) (with further refs.).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

382

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.216

Dimensions: L: 10.9 cm; W: 7.8 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR7/4 very pale brown, mottled glaze mostly 10YR5/3 brown.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a, with knotted laurel-wreath decor. Filling-hole with iron corrosion in lower left field. Air hole in lower field, opposite nozzle. Heart-shaped nozzle. Slightly raised rounded base-ring marked off by two circular grooves, an additional thinner ridge, and an inner wider band.

Discus Iconography: Majestic bare-chested, bearded figure, standing frontal, looking left, himation wrapped around his waist and over his left shoulder; he is holding a cylindrical object (a scroll[?]) over a lit altar.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 4b

Date: Ca. A.D. 225–250

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Bussière 2000, no. 3439, pl. 94, decor II.a.3.(29); Gorny and Mosch 2007b, p. 182, lot 491.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

383

Inventory Number: 81.AQ.38.6

Dimensions: L: 10.7 cm; W: 8.5 cm; H: 2.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: Ring handle half broken off; small chip on discus. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, worn glaze near 5YR6/6 reddish yellow.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with two grooves on both upper and lower parts. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a, with knotted laurel-wreath decor. Filling-hole slightly to right of center. Air hole in lower field. Heart-shaped nozzle with burn marks; underneath, a row of tongues between two twisted cords. Raised base-ring; at midwidth of the base, a circular ridge marked off by two grooves.

Discus Iconography: Ship with a ram under its prow, moving to right, sail hoisted; six oars and side rudder are indicated; stern has the standard swan’s-head ornament.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 4b

Date: Ca. A.D. 225–250

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Tunisia

Parallels: (Identical) Deneauve 1969, no. 929, pl. 34, and (different shoulder) no. 947, pl. 86.

Provenance: – 1981, William L. Eagleton, Jr., American, 1926–2011, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1981.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

384

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.242

Dimensions: L: 12.2 cm; W: 8.6 cm; H: 3.0 cm

Condition and Fabric: Several cracks on base, right lower discus, and shoulder; small fr. missing at nozzle. Clay 7.5YR6/4 light brown, glaze mostly 7.5YR5/2 brown.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a, with knotted laurel-wreath decor. Nearly central filling-hole with corrosion from an iron wick-nail. Small air hole in lower field. Heart-shaped nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: AVGENDI, African workshop active A.D. 175–225.

Discus Iconography: Winged Cupid seated at the helm of a boat sailing to right, steering with a long oar; swollen sail; waves indicated by curved dotted lines.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 4b

Date: Ca. A.D. 225, at end of Augendi’s activity when the laurel wreath Bussière style 2 starts prevailing over style 1 (A.D. 225–250, cf. Bussière 2000, p. 30)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

385

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.154

Dimensions: L: 11.6 cm; W: 8.4 cm; H: 2.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR6/3 pale brown, uneven glaze 5YR4/1 dark gray.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with two grooves on both upper and lower parts. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VIII b, with knotted laurel-wreath decor. Filling-hole at left, with traces of corroded iron pin. Unpierced air hole in lower field. Heart-shaped nozzle; underneath, a notched band between two cords. Slightly raised base-ring; at middiameter two thin circles; small dotted circle in center.

Discus Iconography: Diana frontal, striding to right, holding a bow and pulling an arrow out of her quiver, mantle flying behind her.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 4b

Date: Ca. A.D. 225–250

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Deneauve 1969, no. 961, pl. 87; Rosenthal and Sivan 1978, p. 44, no. 175; Bussière 2000, p. 358, nos. 3428–34, pl. 94, decor I.a.5(8) (with further refs.).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

386

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.221

Dimensions: L: 10.8 cm; W: 7.8 cm; H: 2.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Clay 5YR6/6 reddish yellow, glaze 2.5YR5/6 red.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Intact. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder near Loeschcke form VIII b, with knotted laurel-wreath decor; ridge with herringbone-pattern separating shoulder from discus. Central filling-hole. Air hole in lower field. Heart-shaped nozzle; above it, raised line with centrally dotted double-circle; under nozzle, a striated band between two curved corded lines. Slightly raised base-ring marked off by two grooves; additional inner circle; at middiameter, two close circles; in intermediate space, four small evenly spaced double circles.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Four unconventionally represented Cupids with short squarish wings, active around an unidentified structure—portico or shop interior(?).

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 4b

Date: Ca. A.D. 225–250

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: (Identical) Bussière 2000, no. 3445, pl. 94, decor II.a.3.(1).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

Discussion:
The structure represented in the discus has different levels marked off by two (three[?]) horizontal lines, possibly representing what might be referred to as “shelves”; on top “shelf” are two more or less vertical, rectangular shapes with rounded top, one in the middle, the other at left: woven baskets(?); on them are seven or eight raised globules arranged within diagonal lines. The interpretation of the shape on the right is uncertain. On the middle “shelf” is a series of five square panels with an X-shaped cross on each. On both “shelves” one can see also a series of small objects, either round or semicircular, three on the lower “shelf,” five on the upper one. One Cupid, standing on a ladder at left, is just placing the fifth one. Another Cupid is seated at right on a high stool in front of some mechanism. In his left hand he has a puzzling curved object containing a well-defined globular form. Two more Cupids, standing in the foreground, are busy passing an object between them.

The scene is so far unexplained, but the interpretation of the two rows of small objects on the shelves might give a possible clue, as well as the activity of the Cupid sitting at right. It would also be interesting to explain the shape under his left foot and the vertical grooves behind. Unfortunately the quality of the copy of this unusual decor is mediocre, and several parts are blurred, for instance, the central part above the filling-hole, where one supposes a third “shelf,” a portion just above the sitting Cupid, and one behind the Cupid standing at left in the foreground.

387

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.198

Dimensions: L: 11.3 cm; W: 7.8 cm; H: 2.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay near 2.5YR5/8 red, glaze same color with a few darker areas.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part, one on lower. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VIII b, with knotted laurel-wreath decor. Filling-hole lower left. Air hole at lower edge of discus. Heart-shaped nozzle; striated band underneath. Circular base with a wide band marked off by two grooves; a third inner narrower one; on the band, three evenly spaced ovo-patterns.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Big bear biting the shoulder of a bestiarius crouching on the ground, hiding his face in his hands; in the foreground a whip, the dying man’s only weapon.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 4b

Date: Ca. A.D. 225–250

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: (Identical) Gorny and Mosch 2006, p. 198, lot 574; for the whip and the man’s garment, see cat. 468, which treats same theme differently.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

388

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.235

Dimensions: L: 10.8 cm; W: 8.4 cm; H: 2.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Several thin cracks on discus, shoulder, and base; possibly restored. Burn marks on the nozzle. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, remains of glaze mostly 7.5YR6/6 red; some tinted overpaint.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with two grooves on upper and lower parts. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a, with knotted laurel-wreath decor. Central filling-hole. Heart-shaped nozzle; underneath, a band with small incuse tongues between two twisted cords. Slightly raised convex base-ring marked off by two circular grooves; small dotted circle in center.

Discus Iconography: Two fighting cocks facing each other, palm branch below, victory wreath above.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 4b

Date: Ca. A.D. 225–250

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

389

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.241

Dimensions: L: 12.2 cm; W: 9.0 cm; H: 3.0 cm

Condition and Fabric: Restored from several frr.; some overpaint on top. Clay 7.5YR7/6 reddish yellow, worn glaze between 10R5/6 and 10R6/6 red to light red.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on both upper and lower parts. Shoulder with scroll of vine-leaves and grapes, separated from discus by a raised ridge marked off by two outside grooves and one inside. Filling-hole slightly above center. Small air hole on edge of discus above nozzle. Heart-shaped nozzle; underneath, a band with tongues between two twisted cords. Base delimited by a band marked off by one exterior groove and two inner ones; within the band three evenly spaced ovo-patterns. Potter’s incuse signature: CPOMPO, Italic workshop active end of second century A.D.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Apollo, with sun rays crowning his head, driving a quadriga to left; his right extended arm is showing direction, his left hand holding a whip; he is wearing a belted, pleated tunic and a mantle floating behind.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 5

Date: Late second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

390

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.231

Dimensions: L: 12.2 cm; W: 8.7 cm; H: 2.0 cm

Condition and Fabric: Some restoration on the right side; some overpaint. Clay near 5YR6/6 reddish yellow, uneven glaze mostly 2.5YR5/6 red.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle. Flat shallow body. Flat shoulder with vine-leaves and grapes, separated from discus by a raised ridge marked off by two grooves. Filling-hole in lower center. Air hole at lower edge of discus. Heart-shaped nozzle. Raised circular base marked off by one groove.

Discus Iconography: Cybele riding on a lion moving to right on articulated groundline.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 5

Date: Second half of second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

391

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.218

Dimensions: L: 11.4 cm; W: 8.5 cm; H: 2.2 cm

Condition and Fabric: Slight crack on nozzle. Clay 2.5YR6/4 light reddish brown, glaze between 10YR5/6 and 10YR5/4 red and weak red.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with two grooves on both parts; lower part ends in a fishtail. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a, decorated with vine-leaves alternating with grapes, in pronounced relief. Filling-hole at left edge of discus. Small air hole in front of nozzle. Heart-shaped nozzle, Bus. form 10c (see fig. 3); underneath, striated band between two curved corded lines. Large base with a circular band marked off by one external and two internal circular grooves; within this band, three evenly spaced ovo-patterns: common on African lamps dated A.D. 170–230 (cf. cats. 365 and 392).

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Winged head of Medusa, snakes tied under her chin.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 5

Date: Ca. A.D. 225–230

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: None found; (close) Bussière 2000, no. 3027, pl. 82, decor 1.d.5.(1); Bonifay 2004a, p. 332, no. A1, fig. 186 (Pupput).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

392

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.352

Dimensions: L: 11.8 cm; W: 8.3 cm; H: 3.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR6/4 light brown, unevenly worn glaze mostly 5YR5/3 reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with two grooves on both upper and lower parts. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a, with vine-leaves alternating with grapes in pronounced relief. Filling-hole with corroded iron wick-nail at right side of discus. Tiny air hole in front of nozzle. Heart-shaped nozzle, Bus. 10c, with burn marks. Base with peripheral band marked off by two circular grooves; an additional inner groove; within the band, three evenly spaced ovo-patterns: common on African lamps dated A.D. 170–230 (see cat. 365 or cat. 391).

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Two winged Cupids on groundline (twisted cord); the left one supporting his visibly tipsy companion, perhaps infant Bacchus holding a big bunch of grapes.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 5

Date: Ca. A.D. 225–230

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Tunisia(?)

Parallels: (Identical) Deneauve 1969, no. 906, pl. 82; Pastorino 1990, no. 28, fig. 7 (EXOF/VIC/TORIS); Palanques 1992, no. 1095, pl. 39; (close) Bussière 2000, p. 355, no. 3296, pl. 91, and p. 163, no. 3297, decor I.b.1 (39) (with further refs.).

Provenance: – 1983, William L. Eagleton, Jr., American, 1926–2011, and Kay Eagleton, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Acquisitions/1983, p. 254, no. 132.

393

Inventory Number: 80.AQ.46.8

Dimensions: L: 10.8 cm; W: 7.7 cm; H: 3.1 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR8/4 pink, worn thin glaze 7.5YR5/4 brown.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on both upper and lower parts. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a, with vine-leaves alternating with grapes in pronounced relief. Filling-hole and tiny air hole in lower field. Heart-shaped nozzle, Bus. 10c. Base-ring marked off by two circular grooves; an additional inner groove. Potter’s incuse signature: CHELIAN, African workshop active A.D. 175–225.

Discus Iconography: Man wearing tunic, mantle, and pointed cap rushing to left, looking back at an angry bear ready to strike him with its claws; the man is holding a round object (a purse[?]).

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 5

Date: Ca. A.D. 225

Place of Manufacture or Origin: None given by Schüller but probably North Africa

Parallels: (Close) Gorny and Mosch 2007b, p. 182, lot 497.

Provenance: – 1980, William L. Eagleton, Jr., American, 1926–2011, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1980.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

394

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.466

Dimensions: L: 11.8 cm; W: 9.1 cm; H: 3.2 cm

Condition and Fabric: Small cracks on discus; small hole on right side of discus. Clay 7.5YR6/4 light brown, glaze 5YR5/6 yellowish red.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with three grooves on both upper and lower parts. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VIII b, with three rows of globules. Filling-hole left of center, with traces of corrosion from former iron wick-nail. Air hole at lower edge of discus, facing nozzle. Heart-shaped nozzle, Bus. 10b; underneath, a row of small tongues between two twisted cords. Flat-topped slightly raised base-ring marked off by two grooves: between them three evenly spaced ovo-patterns: Midway toward center, two further incised circles; one small dotted circle in center.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Bust of bearded Mars, body in frontal view, head to right; wearing crested helmet with visor and cuirass; an arrow behind him.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 6

Date: Ca. A.D. 225–250

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: (Very close) Bussière 2000, p. 363, no. 3574, pl. 99 (the cuirass decor is different), and p. 157, decor I.a.9.(1) (with further refs.).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

395

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.391.5

Dimensions: L: 11.1 cm; W: 8.1 cm; H: 3.2 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact, but underside deformed during production. Surface smudged. Clay 5YR6/6 reddish yellow, mottled glaze mostly 2.5YR5/4 reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with three grooves on upper part. Deep basin, lesser depth toward nozzle. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VIII b, with three rows of beads. Filling-hole slightly left of center. Air hole facing nozzle. Heart-shaped nozzle, Bus. 10b; underneath, striated band between two curved, twisted cords. Flat base-ring marked off by two circular grooves and decorated with three blurred, evenly spaced ovo-motifs; two additional thin inner circles; a small dotted circle in center.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Bust of Mars, body frontal, head to right, wearing a helmet with visor and a cuirass.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 6

Date: Ca. A.D. 225–250

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Unknown

Parallels: (Close) Bussière 2000, p. 363, no. 3574, pl. 99 (different cuirass), p. 157, decor I.a.9.(1) (with further refs.); cat. 394.

Provenance: – 1983, Robert L. Lawson, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

396

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.232

Dimensions: L: 10.7 cm; W: 7.5 cm; H: 2.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: Long crack on top and base; chipped handle. Clay 10YR7/2 light gray, mottled glaze varying between 10YR6/2 light brownish gray and 10YR4/2 dark grayish brown; partly burned(?).

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with three grooves on upper part and one on lower. Shoulder with grapes and tendrils, framed by two ridges. Inner ridge marked off by two grooves. Filling-hole and air hole in lower field. Heart-shaped nozzle, Bus. 10b. Base-ring marked off by two circular grooves; two additional concentric inner circles.

Discus Iconography: Hercules fighting the Hydra of Lerna; in lower right field King Eurystheus hiding in a bronze jar, lifting his arms as if imploring Hercules for help.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 10

Date: Late second to early third century A.D.(?)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Bussière 2000, no. 3541, pl. 98; for the same theme treated differently, see Rodríguez Martín 2002, no. 127, pl. 26 (Loeschcke IV); Pastutmaz-Sevmen 2005, fig. 10 (Loeschcke IV); LIMC 5.2, pp. 55–60, especially nos. 2082–83, s.v. Herakles. For a representation of King Eurystheus hiding in a bronze jar and lifting his arms, see LIMC 5.2, p. 63, s.v. Herakles.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

397

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.227

Dimensions: L: 10.3 cm; W: 7.5 cm; H: 3.0 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR6/4 light brown, glaze 7.5YR5/2 brown.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Deep body. Flat shoulder with slightly raised connected spirals, separated from discus by a molding consisting of three consecutively sinking ridges. Concave discus. Central filling-hole. Small unpierced air hole on molding, facing nozzle. Heart-shaped nozzle. Flat base-ring marked off by two circular grooves. Plain planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 10

Date: Second century A.D.(?)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Bussière 2000, p. 364, no. 3625, pl. 100.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

398

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.234

Dimensions: L: 10.7 cm; W: 7.8 cm; H: 2.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Repair patch on lower right side. Clay 7.5YR8/4 pink, mottled worn glaze mostly 2.5YR6/6 light red.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle bent slightly off axis, with two grooves on upper part, one on lower. Shoulder with outer plain ridge; inside it, six garlands interspersed with dot rosettes, separated from discus by a herringbone ridge. Filling-hole at left. Air hole in lower field. Heart-shaped nozzle with a dotted band below. Raised slightly convex base-ring with four symmetrically placed small dotted circles; one more in center.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Winged Cupid resting on a bed; above, hanging garland similar to those on shoulder; undefined object below.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 10

Date: Late second to early third century A.D.(?)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

399

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.238

Dimensions: L: 12.5 cm; W: 9.5 cm; H: 3.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10R6/6 light red, glaze 10R5/6 red.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with two blurred grooves. Deep body. Narrow flat shoulder with two rows of impressed dots. Filling-hole near center of discus. Air hole on its lower edge. Heart-shaped nozzle, Bus. 10b. Base-ring marked off by two circular grooves.

Discus Iconography: Hippocamp, mythical sea monster to left with a lion’s head, forequarters with claws, and a fishtail.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 10

Date: Third century A.D.(?)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: For the same theme treated in a different way, see Rosenthal and Sivan 1978, p. 44, no. 174 (a Tunisian lamp); Bussière 2000, nos. 3466–68, pl. 95.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

400

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.318

Dimensions: L: 13.2 cm; W: 9.9 cm; H: 3.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact; grayish incrustation on back of lamp and handle. Clay 2.5YR6/6 light red, glaze near 10R5/8 red.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Solid round vertical handle. Shoulder with molding: a convex circular ridge marked off by two grooves and an inner circular ridge. One filling-hole in the upper field, another in the lower right. Heart-shaped nozzle. Raised base-ring with incuse inscription in cursive writing: possibly ANSASIVS(?).

Discus Iconography: Quadriga with charioteer rushing to right.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 10

Date: Late second to early third century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

401

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.391.4

Dimensions: L: 12.1 cm; W: 8.9 cm; H: 5.1 cm

Condition and Fabric: Cracks on lower part of basin. Clay 10YR8/2 white, worn remains of glaze 10YR4/1 dark gray.

Description: Moldmade. Solid vertical handle with two grooves on both upper and lower parts. Shoulder: near Loeschcke VIII b, with angular lines forming coupled triangles. Retrograde molded inscription all around outer part of discus; clockwise from smaller animal: Q V I N T V S I V S P I C T O R E T C E N E N S, which Manzoni Macdonnell 1984, p. 141 interprets as: QUINTVS IVS[TVS] PICTOR ET CEMENS (Quintus Ivstvs, designer and lampmaker), a reading we adopt. Filling-hole to right of center with iron corrosion from wick-nail. Round-tipped nozzle, possibly heart-shaped. Blurred base-ring marked off by two grooves.

Discus Iconography: Two frolicking animals, probably hares, with long straight ears tilted backward; the larger animal is on a vertical axis, facing nozzle, legs to left; the smaller one is in the opposite direction at left.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 10

Date: Late third century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Italy

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: – 1983, Robert L. Lawson, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Manzoni Macdonnell 1984.

Discussion: The retrograde inscription most likely arises from the unusual length of the text, which makes it very cumbersome to write in retrograde in the mold.

402

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.416

Dimensions: L: 13.0 cm; W: 9.6 cm; H: 3.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Thin cracks on handle, upper left side of basin, and nozzle. Clay near 7.5YR7/4 pink, thin worn glaze near 7.5YR6/4 light brown, a few patches of 2.5YR6/6 light red (lower part and handle).

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with three grooves on upper part. Plain outward-sloping shoulder separated from discus by one ridge and two inner grooves. Small filling-hole in lower left discus. Small air hole in lower discus, facing nozzle. Heart-shaped nozzle; burn marks. Base-ring marked off by two circular grooves. Possibly small plain worn planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: Bust of bearded draped majestic Jupiter behind eagle with spreading wings.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D IX

Date: Late Flavian to Antonine

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: Deneauve 1969, no. 544, pl. 56 (Loeschcke III); Bailey BM II, p. 8, fig. 2, decor I(a)ii; LIMC 8.2, p. 254, no. 212, s.v. Zeus (in peripheria orientali); (close) for discus decor: Bochum Museum, Schüller Collection, cat. no. 219, S 589.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

403

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.461

Dimensions: L: 12.0 cm; W: 8.7 cm; H: 3.2 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, glaze uneven, varying between GLEY 1 5GY5/1 and 5G5/1 greenish gray, but somewhat stronger green.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VIII b. Central filling-hole. Air hole on discus near nozzle. Heart-shaped nozzle, Bus. 10a, tangent to discus molding. Base-ring with plain planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: Two gladiators in combat; hoplomachus at right armed with a spear, holding a small round shield, wearing greaves, manica, and Greek-type helmet; Thrax(?) at left holding a short sword, a small square or rectangular shield, greaves, and the same helmet as his opponent.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D IX

Date: Late Flavian to Antonine

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: Waldhauer 1914, no. 335, pl. 35; Heres 1972, no. 552, pl. 39; Bémont 2005, p. 155, note 29, and p. 156, fig. 6.

Provenance: By 1973, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); – 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Antiken aus Rheinischem Privatbesitz, pp. 124–25, no. 190, pl. 85.

404

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.163

Dimensions: L: 9.7 cm; W: 8.0 cm; H: 2.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR6/3 light reddish brown, glaze 10R5/8 red.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Deep body, whose upper part near handle has purposely been designed by potter as straight. Shoulder: near Loeschcke form VI b. Central filling-hole. Heart-shaped nozzle of an early form, tangent to discus molding. Base marked off by one circular groove. Plain planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D IX

Date: Late Flavian to Antonine

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: Dressel 1899, no. 18, pl. 3.2.1, fig. 3; Bailey BM III, Q 3075, pl. 103 (Ephesus); Bochum Museum, Schüller Collection, cat. no. 195, S 791 (Anatolia).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

405

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.156

Dimensions: L: 12.5 cm; W: 9.5 cm; H: 2.4 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Burn marks on nozzle. Clay 5YR7/6 reddish yellow, glaze 5YR6/6 reddish yellow, slightly darker than clay shade.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Flat shoulder, separated from discus by a circular ridge marked off by two grooves; two small circles flank handle, two are at handle base, and three at nozzle. Filling-hole in center of scallop shell. Slit air hole facing the rather small heart-shaped nozzle, Bus. 10a. Large flat base marked off by two close circular grooves. Incuse plain planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: Discus divided into two distinct areas separated by a circular ridge marked off by two grooves; inner area decorated with scalloped shell segments with bead between ends of each segment; outer area sloping upward, decorated with three evenly spaced similar theater masks.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D IX

Date: Late Flavian to Hadrianic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

406

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.161

Dimensions: L: 8.7 cm; W: 7.2 cm; H: 2.4 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Burn marks on nozzle. Clay near 5YR7/6 reddish yellow, glaze 2.5YR6/6 light red. Mica.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with two grooves. Deep basin. Plain outward-sloping shoulder with arched bow-shaped volutes, whose knobs continue down the side of the basin wall. Small impressed circle on each side of nozzle, three more by each bow-shaped shoulder-volute, one on discus ridge near handle, and possibly one more on shoulder on each side of handle. Concave discus surrounded by plain ridge. Filling-hole slightly to left of center. Heart-shaped nozzle with burn marks. Base-ring.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D IX

Date: Second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Southern Anatolia

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

407

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.193

Dimensions: L: 9.6 cm; W: 7.2 cm; H: 2.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR6/3 light reddish brown, glaze 2.5YR5/6 red.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with three grooves on both upper and lower parts. Deep basin. Flat shoulder, separated from discus by a flat-topped ridge marked off by two grooves; one further groove inside; small globule on each side of handle and on each side of heart-shaped nozzle with burn marks. Central filling-hole. Air hole in lower field. Base marked off by one circular groove. Incuse plain planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: Two gladiators in combat on groundline; secutor at left wearing helmet completely hiding his face, holding a short sword; retiarius at right attacking him with trident.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D IX

Date: Second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: None found; (close) Bémont 2005, p. 152, fig. 2.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

408

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.191

Dimensions: L: 9.8 cm; W: 7.2 cm; H: 3.0 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, a few traces of glaze 2.5YR6/6 light red.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Deep basin. Shoulder: near Loeschcke form VIII b; two small incised circles flanking handle and nozzle. Filling-hole in lower field. Unpierced air hole above heart-shaped nozzle with burn marks. Base marked off by one circular groove. Incuse plain planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: Nude Cupid or infant Bacchus riding lioness or panther rushing to right; unidentified sinuous shape behind the boy, staff on his left shoulder—thyrsus(?).

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D IX

Date: Second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Southern Anatolia

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

409

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.167

Dimensions: L: 10.0 cm; W: 7.4 cm; H: 3.0 cm

Condition and Fabric: Chip in right lower part of shoulder. Burn marks on nozzle. Clay 5YR6/6 reddish yellow, glaze 2.5YR5/8 red.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Deep basin. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a; small dotted circle on each side of handle, three globules in a row above nozzle. Filling-hole slightly below center. Long slit air hole below. Heart-shaped nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Incuse planta pedis, no letters but two raised vertical lines and the toes of the foot.

Discus Iconography: Two bare-breasted figures seated side by side, each wearing ample drapery below waist (termentarium); at right Jupiter with drapery over his left arm, holding scepter; at left Juno arranging her veil over her head and shoulders with her right hand.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D IX

Date: Second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Southern Anatolia

Parallels: (Identical) Gorny and Mosch 2011, p. 220, lot 429 (Asia Minor); (near) Poulou-Papadimitriou 1986, p. 592, fig. 2 (from Asia Minor), dated to the end of the fourth century A.D.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

410

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.200

Dimensions: L: 9.0 cm; W: 7.0 cm; H: 2.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: Several cracks, especially on bottom; handle reattached. Clay 2.5YR6/6 light red, remains of mottled glaze mostly 2.5YR5/8 red over white engobe: Red-on-White lamp; red glaze has a few darker burned(?) spots.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with three grooves on upper part. Deep basin. Shoulder: near Loeschcke form VI b; small incised circle on each side of handle and of nozzle. Filling-hole below center. Air hole in lower field. Heart-shaped nozzle, Bus. 10b, with burn marks. Base marked off by one circular groove. Plain planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: Woman at left wearing flat-topped bonnet and double garment, upper one with folds ending in border, lower one vertically pleated; she is performing some domestic task, helped by a young man in loincloth sitting on a stool at right; he is killing a fowl (duck[?]); the woman is bent in front of him holding out a round vessel to collect blood.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D IX

Date: Second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: None found; (near) Heimerl 2001, p. 109, no. 356, pl. 9, motif M 1–2, the woman is alone and slightly different (Pergamon).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

411

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.165

Dimensions: L: 10.3 cm; W: 7.8 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact; some root-marks on base. Clay 2.5YR5/6 red, glaze mostly 2.5YR4/6 red, darker shade than clay.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with three grooves on upper part. Deep basin. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a; small circle with central dot on each side of handle and of nozzle. Filling-hole in lower field. Small air hole in lower right field. Heart-shaped nozzle with burn marks. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Slightly blurred relief of figure standing frontally on chariot, indicated by two vertical lines on each side of him; rays surrounding his head: Apollo or Helios; he raises his arms, holding a whip in each hand; in front of him four horses, two veering off to the left, two to the right.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D IX

Date: Second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: Brentchaloff 1972, p. 70, no. 143, Musée de Clermont inv. no. 56.465.63; Hellmann 1985, pp. 47–49, no. 48, same discus decor on an Egyptian lamp of Corinthian type with ornament handle featuring Medusa (with further refs.).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

412

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.469

Dimensions: L: 11.2 cm; W: 8.3 cm; H: 3.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Burn marks on nozzle. Clay near 5YR7/4 pink, faint traces of glaze 2.5YR6/6 light red. Mica.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII b; small circle on each side of handle and of nozzle. Discus slightly sunken, divided into two parts; outer one marked off by two grooves and decorated, inner one plain with a concave roundel, pierced in the center by filling-hole with traces of iron corrosion around it. Slit air hole in lower field. Heart-shaped nozzle. Flat slightly raised base-ring marked off by two circular grooves. Small plain incuse planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: A chase: two dogs alternating with two rabbits.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D IX

Date: Second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Central Anatolia

Parallels: None found; (near) Bailey BM III, pp. 74–75, Q 2012, pl. 42, fig. 95.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

413

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.254

Dimensions: L: 10.7 cm; W: 8.1 cm; H: 3.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact; root-marks on bottom. Clay near 5YR6/6 reddish yellow, glaze 5YR5/4 reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with three grooves, central one deeper and continued on lower part. Deep basin. Shoulder separated from discus by four circular grooves; small circle on each side of handle, row of three more facing nozzle. Concave discus. Central filling-hole. Slit air hole in lower field. Heart-shaped nozzle. Flat slightly raised base-ring marked off by two circular grooves.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D IX

Date: Second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: (Close) Fischer and Welling 1984, p. 386, no. 42.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

414

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.214

Dimensions: L: 9.6 cm; W: 7.0 cm; H: 2.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Handle restored. Clay near 7.5YR7/4 pink, glaze 2.5YR6/6 light red.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with three grooves on upper part. Deep basin. Shoulder separated from discus by a molding consisting of three ridges marked off by four grooves; small globule on each side of handle and of nozzle. Filling-hole in lower field. Heart-shaped nozzle. Flat slightly raised base-ring marked off by two circular grooves. Plain planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: Heads of Pan and a nymph to right.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D IX

Date: Second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: Bochum Museum, Schüller Collection, cat. no. 270, S 724 (Anatolia) (planta pedis).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

415

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.172

Dimensions: L: 8.8 cm; W: 6.6 cm; H: 2.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR6/6 reddish yellow, glaze varying between 2.5YR5/6 red and 2.5YR5/8 red, a shade clearer than the previous.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with three grooves on upper part. Deep basin. Shoulder separated from discus by a molding consisting of a flat band and two narrower rings inside; small circle on each side of handle and of nozzle. Filling-hole in upper field, slit air hole in lower. Heart-shaped nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Plain planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: Scalloped shell with mostly forked edges and a few rounded edges on the left.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D IX

Date: Second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

416

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.557

Dimensions: L: 11.2 cm; W: 8.1 cm; H: 3.1 cm

Condition and Fabric: Half-broken ring handle (once three grooves on upper part, two on the lower); tiny hole on right side of basin. Burn marks on nozzle. Clay 5YR6/6 reddish yellow, glaze 2.5YR6/6 light red. Much powdery mica.

Description: Moldmade. Fairly deep basin. Shoulder separated from discus by a ridge between two circular grooves; small bead on each side of handle and of nozzle. Filling-hole in left field. Tiny air hole in lower part. Heart-shaped nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Plain incuse planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: Wading bird, probably a stork, to left fighting snake curling around its neck and leg.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D IX

Date: Second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Unknown. Probably Asia Minor

Parallels: None found. For a decor with a different bird and a snake, see Loeschcke 1919, no. 286, pl. 13.

Provenance: Before 1979, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); by 1979–1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Galerie Günter Puhze 1979, no. 140.

417

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.182

Dimensions: L: 9.2 cm; W: 6.6 cm; H: 2.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay near 7.5YR6/2 pinkish gray, glaze between 7.5YR5/4 and 7.5YR4/2 brown and dark brown, burned.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Deep basin. Shoulder separated from discus by a molding consisting of an outer wide flat ring and an inner narrow one; globule on each side of handle and of nozzle. Big filling-hole in lower right field. Smaller air hole in upper discus. Heart-shaped nozzle. Inward-sloping base-ring marked off by two circular grooves.

Discus Iconography: Frontal eagle with spreading wings, head turned to right.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D IX

Date: Second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

418

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.203

Dimensions: L: 11.5 cm; W: 9.0 cm; H: 3.4 cm

Condition and Fabric: Small chips at filling-hole and air-hole. Clay 5YR6/6 reddish yellow, glaze varying between 10R5/6 red and 5YR4/2 dark reddish gray.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with herringbone-pattern between two grooves on upper part. Deep basin. Flat shoulder with a row of double-ovolos, separated from discus by a large convex ridge marked off by two circular grooves. Central filling-hole. Air hole above it. Heart-shaped nozzle with a row of three globules above it. Base marked off by one circular groove. Plain planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: Two gladiators in combat (Thraces[?]).

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 1

Date: Second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: (Close) Heres 1972, no. 377, pl. 42.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

419

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.194

Dimensions: L: 10.3 cm; W: 7.5 cm; H: 2.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 2.5YR6/6 light red, a few remains of glaze 10R5/8 red.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with three grooves on upper part. Shoulder with a row of double ovolos, separated from discus by two convex ridges marked off by circular grooves. Filling-hole in lower field. Long slit air hole under it. Heart-shaped nozzle with two globules above it; burn marks. Base marked off by one circular groove. Incuse plain planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: Single gladiator on groundline in combat to right with rectangular shield, short sword, round crested metal helmet, greaves, and arm protection; large victory palm branch on right side.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 1

Date: Second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

420

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.202

Dimensions: L: 9.6 cm; W: 7.5 cm; H: 2.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: A few chips on shoulder. Clay 5YR6/6 reddish yellow, glaze varying between 2.5YR5/4 reddish brown and 2.5YR4/4 darker shade reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with three thin grooves on upper part. Shoulder decorated with ovolos: Loeschcke form VIII b. Filling-hole in lower field. Mark of unpierced air hole at lower right. Heart-shaped nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Plain planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: Boat with hoisted sail to right; a man at the helm is steering; a companion stands at the prow, pulling in a big fish hooked on his line; waves under the hull; dolphin partly cut by large filling-hole in lower field.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 1

Date: Second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: (Identical) Museum of Art and Archaeology, University of Missouri–Columbia, acc. no. 82.257 (from Asia Minor). Same theme treated differently, Deneauve 1969, no. 617, pl. 62 (Loeschcke V).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

421

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.210

Dimensions: L: 9.2 cm; W: 6.4 cm; H: 2.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR6/4 light reddish brown, mottled glaze 2.5YR6/6 light red and 2.5YR4/4 reddish brown, with a few spots darker still.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Flat shoulder with a row of double ovolos, separated from discus by a convex ridge marked off by two circular grooves. Filling-hole in lower field. Slit air hole on shoulder, facing nozzle. Heart-shaped nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Incuse mark in center: leaf with stem upward.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Frontal male face in high relief, long curly hair, Phrygian cap: Attis.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 1

Date: Second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

422

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.199

Dimensions: L: 9.2 cm; W: 6.9 cm; H: 2.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact; root-marks on bottom. Clay 5YR6/6 reddish yellow, glaze 10R5/6 red.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with three grooves on upper part. Shoulder with a row of double ovolos, separated from discus by a molding consisting of three ridges marked off by four grooves. Filling-hole near center. Air hole in lower field. Heart-shaped nozzle with burn marks. Base marked off by one circular groove. Plain planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: Cock to left facing a tripod altar at left; on it, conical shape (flame[?]) between two small globules.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 1

Date: Second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

423

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.175

Dimensions: L: 9.3 cm; W: 6.8 cm; H: 2.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR7/4 pink, same color slip, a few blackish traces. Mica.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Flat shoulder with a row of ovolos, separated from discus by a molding consisting of two ridges marked off by three circular grooves; a small half-sunk globule on each side of handle base and of nozzle top. Central filling-hole. Unpierced air hole in lower field. Heart-shaped nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Dolphin with curled-up tail to right, head down.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 1

Date: Second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: (Close) Bussière 2000, p. 326, no. 2447, pl. 67, and p. 200, decor III.a.9.(8).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

424

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.189

Dimensions: L: 9.2 cm; W: 7.1 cm; H: 2.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: Thin crack on right side of shoulder and basin; restored; some overpaint. Clay 5YR6/6 reddish yellow, a few traces of glaze 10R5/8 red.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Flat shoulder with a row of double ovolos, separated from discus by a ridge and two inner circles. Filling-hole on right side; traces of corroded iron wick-nail. Heart-shaped nozzle with burn marks. Slightly raised base marked off by one circular groove. In center, plain planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: Bust of young man to right: Antinous with long curly hair, wearing a tunic that leaves his right shoulder and arm bare.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 1

Date: Second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Southern Anatolia

Parallels: None found. Cat. 344 has same discus decor but different nozzle.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

425

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.414

Dimensions: L: 12.8 cm; W: 9.5 cm; H: 3.4 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Burn marks on nozzle. Clay 5YR6/4 light reddish brown, glaze 10R5/6 red.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with one central groove on both parts. Slightly outward-sloping shoulder with a row of ovolos, separated from discus by a ridge and two circular grooves. Central filling-hole. Heart-shaped nozzle with burn marks. Vague base-ring. Small plain planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: Orpheus sitting on a rock in three-quarter view to right, tree behind him, playing the lyre to four listening animals; clockwise from top of discus: bird (possibly duck), doe or deer, sheep, and dog; a small child, partly cut by filling-hole, sits on a stool watching Orpheus.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 1

Date: Second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: (Identical) Rosenthal and Sivan 1978, p. 40, no. 158; (related, but similar composition adapted to Apollo) Mlasowsky 1993, p. 77, no. 65, Apollo instead of Orpheus; (close) Kunst der Antike 11, no. 234.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

426

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.415

Dimensions: L: 13.2 cm; W: 10.0 cm; H: 3.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: Thin crack on basin. Clay 5YR7/4 pink, glaze 10R5/8 red.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with three grooves on upper part. Outward-sloping shoulder with a row of double ovolos, separated from discus by a molding consisting of two ridges formed by three circular grooves. Filling-hole lower right. Small air hole in lower discus, facing nozzle. Heart-shaped nozzle. Base-ring marked off by two circular grooves. Small plain planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: Nude ithyphallic dwarf or grotesque to left dancing with staves or juggling with sticks.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 1

Date: Second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: None found. Same motif treated differently: Bochum Museum, Schüller Collection, cat. no. 230, S 650 (Anatolia).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

427

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.463

Dimensions: L: 12.3 cm; W: 9.0 cm; H: 3.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay near 10YR6/1 gray/light gray, varying vitreous glaze mostly GLEY 1 5G5/2 grayish green.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Outward-sloping shoulder with a row of ovolos, separated from discus by a ridge marked off by two circular grooves. Filling-hole above center. Air hole in lower field. Heart-shaped nozzle. Base-ring. Plain planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: Nude seated Omphale in rear view, arranging her hair; veil visible behind her; around her three small winged Cupids and some foliage; at lower right the club of Hercules.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 1

Date: Second half of second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Central Anatolia

Parallels: Bartoli Santi and Bellori 1702, p. 8 (Loeschcke IV); Loeschcke 1919, no. 396, pl. 7; Goldman et al. 1950, no. 430, pl. 112 (Tarsus); Bachofen and Meuli 1958, pl. 54.1 (Loeschcke IV): Perlzweig 1961, no. 56, pl. 3 (fr.); Leibundgut 1977, p. 242, no. 386, and no. 21, pl. 25; Maccario 1980, no. 273, pl. 23 (fr.); Goethert-Polaschek 1985, no. 484, pl. 53 (Loeschcke IV) (with further refs.); Hellmann 1987, no. 107, pl. 11 (Loeschcke IV); Olcina, Reginard, and Sánchez 1990, p. 80, no. 86 (Tossal de Manises); Moscara 2003, no. 11, fig. 1; Beames 2004, figs. 1–2; Casas Genover and Soler Fusté 2006, no. G 487, pl. 32 (fr.); LIMC 8.1, p. 212, no. 211, s.v. Venus; LIMC 8.2, p. 147, no. 211, s.v. Venus.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

428

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.403

Dimensions: L: 11.6 cm; W: 8.2 cm; H: 2.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, glaze 2.5YR5/4 reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with two grooves on each part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a, with laurel-wreath decor. Filling-hole in lower left. Small air hole in discus, facing nozzle. Heart-shaped nozzle. Flat base-ring marked off by two circular grooves, one additional inner circle.

Discus Iconography: Bacchus at left holding his pedum, dancing with a maenad at right; both are nude.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 4a

Date: A.D. 175–225

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: Svoboda 2006, p. 60, no. 90.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

429

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.174

Dimensions: L: 9.3 cm; W: 6.9 cm; H: 3.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR6/4 light reddish brown, remains of glaze 5YR6/2 pinkish gray. Mica.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Rounded wide shoulder with grapes, vines, and vine-leaves in pronounced relief, separated from discus by two ridges marked off by three circular grooves. Concave discus with central filling-hole. Heart-shaped nozzle with burn marks. Base marked off by one circular groove. Deep, plain planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 5

Date: Ca. A.D. 225–250/275

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Southern Anatolia

Parallels: None found; (close) Abadie-Reynal and Sodini 1992, no. i-L6 (Thasos); for the shoulder decor only, see Bussière 2000, pp. 360–62, nos. 3471–3566.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

430

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.260

Dimensions: L: 10.4 cm; W: 7.8 cm; H: 3.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Cracks on left side. Clay near 5YR6/6 reddish yellow, glaze 2.5YR5/6 red (bottom); sides and top burned dark. Mica.

Description: Moldmade. Deep body. Ring handle with deep central groove between two thinner ones. Shoulder with three rows of globules, separated from concave discus by a molding consisting of three ridges, the exterior one flat. Central filling-hole. Small air hole in discus, facing nozzle. Heart-shaped nozzle. Base-ring marked off by two circular grooves.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 6

Date: Ca. A.D. 225–250

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: (Close) Ennabli, Salomonson, and Mahjoubi 1973, pl. 19, type 12, series 2; Hellmann 1987, no. 319, pl. 43; Sanciu 2002, no. L1, pl. 13.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

431

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.197

Dimensions: L: 9.1 cm; W: 6.7 cm; H: 3.0 cm

Condition and Fabric: Thin crack all across lamp from nozzle to right shoulder top. Clay 2.5YR6/6 light red, uneven glaze 2.5YR5/6 red; entire lower part of basin blackened by fire.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Deep body. Shoulder with four rows of globules, separated from discus by a raised outer ring and a smaller inner one. Filling-hole on lower discus. Unpierced air hole opposite nozzle. Heart-shaped nozzle with burn marks. Base marked off by one circular groove. Plain planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: Deer galloping to right.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 6

Date: Ca. A.D. 225–250

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Southern Anatolia

Parallels: For discus only, see Perlzweig 1961, no. 163, pl. 6; Deneauve 1969, no. 624, pl. 63 (Loeschcke V); Heres 1972, no. 187, pl. 23 (Loeschcke IV), and no. 221, pl. 27 (Loeschcke V); Bémont 2002, p. 92, D 117, no. 215, pl. 20.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

432

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.169

Dimensions: L: 10.0 cm; W: 7.5 cm; H: 3.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR6/6 reddish yellow, mottled glaze varying between 7.5YR5/2 brown and 7.5YR4/2 dark brown.

Description: Moldmade. Band handle with median groove on both parts. Deep basin. Shoulder convex, with five rows of globules, separated from concave discus by a molding consisting of flat band and two inner grooves. Central filling-hole. Heart-shaped nozzle. Slightly raised base-ring.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 6

Date: Ca. A.D. 225–250

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: (Close) Deneauve 1969, no. 1121, pl. 101.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

433

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.462

Dimensions: L: 13.5 cm; W: 11.0 cm; H: 3.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR6/4 light reddish brown, glaze 10R5/6 red.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Slightly outward-sloping shoulder with a row of small heart-shaped motifs, separated from discus by a molding consisting of a band and two inner grooves. Central filling-hole. Small air hole in lower field. Heart-shaped nozzle tangent to discus molding. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Rosette with seven double-petals.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 10

Date: Late Flavian to Antonine

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: For shoulder decor only, see Allison 2006, no. 1581, pls. 100 and 127 (Loeschcke VIII) (Pompeii).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

434

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.183

Dimensions: L: 8.7 cm; W: 5.8 cm; H: 3.0 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact, but poor workmanship. Burn marks on nozzle. Clay near 7.5YR6/4 light brown, glaze mostly 5YR5/6 yellowish red.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with three grooves on upper part, one on lower. Deep basin. Flat shoulder with stamped motifs (each with three imbricated equilateral triangles), separated from discus by two circular grooves. Filling-hole above left. Large air hole below. Heart-shaped nozzle; two short relief lines below nozzle on each side. Flat base-ring marked off by two slightly oval grooves.

Discus Iconography: Centaur to right playing kithara: Chiron.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 10

Date: Late third to second half of fourth century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: None found. Related to Ricci 2002, no. 5, fig. 22 (La Luque).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

435

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.515.2

Dimensions: L: 6.0 cm; W: 4.0 cm; H: 1.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Burn marks on nozzle. Clay 5YR6/6 reddish yellow, thin worn glaze 10R5/6 red. Much powdery gold mica.

Description: Moldmade. Miniature lamp. Ring handle with three grooves on upper part. Outward-sloping plain shoulder, separated from discus by two ridges close to one another, which divide at front of nozzle; at that point extremities curl up into volutes, creating a channel between discus and nozzle; large globule on each side of voluted extremities. Central filling-hole. Nozzle tangent to lamp body, but its slightly raised flat top does not match exactly Bus. form 3. Base marked off by one circular groove. Incuse plain planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: Rosette with twelve petals.

Type: Loeschcke type VIII var.

Date: Second half of first to early second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: None found. For discus decor only: Bussière 2000, pp. 208–9, decor IV.a.5.(5); (near) Bailey BM II, Q 1125, pl. 44.

Provenance: By 1973, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); before 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Antiken aus Rheinischem Privatbesitz, pp. 126–27, no. 193, pl. 86.

Discussion: This lamp was acquired in association with the lantern cat. 610. It most likely was found together with the lantern, for they have the same mica-bearing clay and slip.

436

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.253

Dimensions: L: 10.0 cm; W: 8.1 cm; H: 3.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR6/6 reddish yellow, faint traces of glaze 5YR4/2 dark reddish gray.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with one deep groove. Very deep basin. Rounded shoulder with a row of hardly visible dots, separated from discus by five rills. Inward-sloping discus; circular groove in the middle, pierced by central filling-hole. Small air hole in lower field. Small rounded nozzle form Bus. 4e encroaching half way upon shoulder. Undefined base.

Discus Iconography: Band of rays.

Type: Loeschcke VIII var.

Date: Second century A.D.(?)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

437

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.223

Dimensions: L: 7.3 cm; W: 6.8 cm; H: 2.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Two cracks on right shoulder; broken-off right ear missing and side mended. Clay 10YR8/1 white, same color slip, grayish.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: convex outer part, inward-sloping toward single groove surrounding discus. Filling-hole in left field. Nozzle form near Bus. 3. Plain base.

Discus Iconography: Thetis wearing diadem, standing at left; she is holding Achilles’ helmet; Achilles, standing at right, draped in ample woman's clothing, bare-chested, left arm lifting up a round shield, from which hangs a drapery.

Type: Loeschcke VIII var.

Date: Second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Southern Anatolia

Parallels: None found. For a close lamp shape, see Bailey BM III, Q 2626 (Salamis)–Q 2627, pl. 72 in buff clay; for similar side-ears on Loeschcke type VIII, see Bussière 2000, no. 2995, pl. 81.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

Discussion: Achilles at the court of Lycomedes in Scyros, obeying the will of his mother, Thetis, by hiding in women’s clothes; see LIMC 1.2, p. 70, no. 137, s.v. Achilleus, and p. 71, no. 140, s.v. Achilleus.

438

Inventory Number: 81.AQ.112.2

Dimensions: L: 6.5 cm; W: 5.6 cm; H: 2.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Broken nozzle tip restored; crack on discus from top to bottom; chip on top rim. Clay 7.5YR8/2 whitish pink, slip 5YR8/3 pink.

Description: Moldmade. Convex shoulder, separated from concave discus by a narrow band with wreath. Central filling-hole. Nozzle form Bus. 2c var. 2 with burn marks. Flat undefined base.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Loeschcke VIII var.

Date: Second century A.D.(?)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Given by donor as Corinth (but doubtful)

Parallels: (Near) Bailey BM III, Q 2643, pl. 72 (Tarsus).

Provenance: – 1981, Robert L. Lawson, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1981.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

439

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.458

Dimensions: L: 12.1 cm; W: 10.0 cm; H: 2.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR7/4 pink, glaze near 2.5YR6/4 light reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ornament ring handle in the shape of a bearded head: Serapis with calathus; one groove on handle. Straight body walls, sloping inward toward base. Curved shoulder richly decorated with vegetal pattern, separated from a rather small discus by two wide moldings; narrow voluted ear on each side. Filling-hole in lower left. Nozzle close to Bus. 2d; relief decor on its top (head). Base-ring marked off by two circular grooves. Potter’s mark: a branch.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Europa, seen frontally, riding to the left on a bull (Jupiter), veil floating behind her.

Type: Loeschcke VIII var.

Date: Second to early third century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: (Identical but without handle shield) Bailey BM III, Q 2081, pl. 45; (near, but with slave and amphora on discus and broken handle) Bailey BM III, Q 2080, pl. 45 (Egypt); (close) Djuric 1995, p. 54, no. C 155; for lamps of the same type, see Shier 1978, nos. 367–68, pl. 40 (Egypt).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

440

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.192

Dimensions: L: 9.1 cm; W: 7.1 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Minor chips on shoulder. Clay 5YR6/4 light reddish brown, glaze 5YR6/6 reddish yellow.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a. Filling-hole lower left. Large heart-shaped nozzle tangent to shoulder (nozzle form Cn. A1, in BM III, p. 330, fig. 160). Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: ROMANH/S IS (both sigmas retrograde); small circle in lower part.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Two gladiators, Samnite and hoplomachus, in combat to right, each with double-plumed helmet, greaves, and rectangular shield; sword-arm bound for protection (manica); victor standing at left, his adversary kneeling at ground.

Type: Loeschcke VIII var.

Date: First third of second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: For discus (identical) Bruneau 1965, nos. 4633–34, pl. 30 (ROMANESIS); Heres 1968, no. 62, pl. 33.5 (ROMANESIS) (Musée du Louvre); Heres 1972, no. 472 (fr.), pl. 50 (Smyrna); Bailey BM III, p. 56, Q 2769, pl. 85 (ROMANESIS), fig. 66 (with further refs.); Oziol 1993, nos. 77–78, fig. 12 (ROMANESIS).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

441

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.534

Dimensions: L: 8.6 cm; W: 6.5 cm; H: 2.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay near 5YR6/6 reddish yellow, worn uneven remains of glaze 10R5/6 red.

Description: Moldmade. Unpierced solid vertical handle with one groove. Rounded plain outward-sloping shoulder, separated from flat discus by a ridge and an inward-sloping molding; no square lugs on shoulder, contrary to the norm on Firmalampen. Central filling-hole. Protruding rounded nozzle with semicircular raised wick-hole area; a small circle on each corner of this area; short beveled nozzle neck with narrow and shallow median groove on top, flanked by two small oblique ridges, each ending in a small bead, separating nozzle from shoulder. Flat base marked off by two rings, outer one thicker than inner one.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Buchi IX-a var.

Date: Flavian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Unknown

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

442

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.442

Dimensions: L: 11.5 cm; W: 7.6 cm; H: 3.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Nozzle front restored: overpainted and possibly too long. Clay near 7.5YR7/4 pink, glaze 5YR5/6 yellowish red.

Description: Moldmade. Outward-sloping shoulder, separated from flat discus by a ridge; symmetrically placed lug on each side below median horizontal axis. Central filling-hole. Protruding rounded nozzle with semicircular raised wick-hole area; short nozzle neck with broad deep median groove between two slanted sides. Small air hole in the groove. Flat base marked off by two rings, the outer one thicker than the inner one. Workshop signature in relief capital letters upside-down: FORTIS; crown or wreath under it.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Buchi IX-b

Date: Early Flavian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Italy

Parallels: Buchi 1975, no. 447, pl. 25; Bailey BM II, Q 1165, pl. 51; Alram-Stern 1989, no. 135, pl. 25.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

443

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.428

Dimensions: L.7.4; W.3.7; H.2.0

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR8/4 pink, mottled glaze mostly 5YR6/6 reddish yellow.

Description: Moldmade. Substantial smooth ring handle. Outward-sloping shoulder, separated from flat discus by a ridge; two lugs symmetrically placed below median horizontal axis. Central filling-hole. Protruding rounded nozzle with semicircular raised wick-hole area; slightly longer nozzle neck than on cat. 447 and cat. 448, deep median groove between two flat outward-slanting sides. Flat base marked off by two rings, the outer one thicker than the inner one. Workshop signature in relief capital letters upside down: FORTIS, with a wreath below.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Buchi IX-b

Date: Early Flavian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Cologne (Germany)

Parallels: Buchi 1975, no. 447, pl. 25; (close) cat. 447 and cat. 448.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

444

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.440

Dimensions: L: 13.6 cm; W: 7.5 cm; H: 3.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Chips and thin cracks on lower discus, at joint of two halves (left side), and on nozzle top. Clay 2.5YR5/6 red, glaze same color with some darker spots.

Description: Moldmade. Large smooth ring handle with trace of two grooves on upper part. Outward-sloping shoulder, separated from flat discus by a ridge; two lugs symmetrically placed below median horizontal axis. Filling-hole on each side of head. Protruding rounded nozzle with semicircular raised wick-hole area; slightly longer nozzle neck than cat. 447 and cat. 448, with broad deep median groove between two slanting sides. Flat blurred base-ring. Workshop signature in relief capital letters upside down: STROBILI.

Discus Iconography: Youthful face with abundant curly hair in pronounced relief: Bacchus(?).

Type: Buchi IX-b

Date: Early Flavian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Italy

Parallels: (Close) Buchi 1975, no. 992, pl. 51; Bussière 2000, no. 789, pl. 49 (without handle).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

445

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.427

Dimensions: L: 9.4 cm; W: 4.8 cm; H: 2.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact; modern overpaint on discus and handle. Clay near 5YR6/3 light reddish brown, glaze mostly 5YR5/4 reddish brown with a few darker spots.

Description: Moldmade. Substantial smooth ring handle. Sloping shoulder, separated from flat discus by a ridge; two lugs symmetrically placed below median horizontal axis. Central filling-hole. Protruding rounded nozzle with semicircular raised wick-hole area; slightly longer nozzle neck than cat. 447 and cat. 448, with deep median groove between two flat outward-slanting sides. Flat base marked off by two rings, the outer one thicker than the inner one. Workshop signature in relief capital letters upside down: ATIMETI.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Buchi IX-b

Date: Early Flavian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Cologne (Germany)

Parallels: (Close) Buchi 1975, no. 42, pl. 3, and no. 50, pl. 4.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

446

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.420

Dimensions: L: 10.4 cm; W: 5.5 cm; H: 2.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Most of discus missing; broken handle reattached. Clay 7.5YR6/4 light brown, glaze near 2.5YR5/6 red; bottom of lamp burned.

Description: Moldmade. Substantial smooth ring handle. Outward-sloping shoulder, separated from discus by a ridge; two lugs symmetrically placed below median horizontal axis. Small air hole at top of groove on nozzle top. Protruding rounded nozzle with semicircular raised flat wick-hole area; slightly longer nozzle neck than cat. 447 and cat. 448, with broad deep median groove between two flat outward-slanting sides; burn marks. Flat base marked off by two rings, the outer one thicker than the inner one. Workshop signature in relief capital letters upside down: EVCARP.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus(?).

Type: Buchi IX-b

Date: Early Flavian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Cologne (Germany)

Parallels: (For signature only) Buchi 1975, no. 358, pl. 18 (Loeschcke IX c).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

447

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.438

Dimensions: L: 8.1 cm; W: 5.9 cm; H: 2.9 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR7/3 pink, thin uneven glaze mostly 7.5YR5/4 brown.

Description: Moldmade. Outward-sloping shoulder, separated from flat discus by a ridge marked off by a circular groove; lugs symmetrically placed on each side of shoulder. Filling-hole in lower field. Protruding rounded nozzle with semicircular raised wick-hole area; short nozzle neck with broad deep median groove between two flat slanting sides. Flat base marked off by two rings, the outer one thicker than the inner one. Workshop signature in relief capital letters: PVLCHRI (HR in ligature).

Discus Iconography: Two theater masks side by side above filling-hole.

Type: Buchi IX-b

Date: Early Flavian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Bailey BM II, p. 63, Q 967, fig. 67; Alram-Stern 1989, no. 131, pl. 24; Bussière 2000, no. 788, pl. 49.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

448

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.439

Dimensions: L: 9.6 cm; W: 6.2 cm; H: 2.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR6/4 light reddish brown, glaze 10R5/6 red (bottom); top burned dark.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Outward-sloping shoulder, separated from flat discus by a ridge; a symmetrically placed lug on each side of shoulder. Filling-hole left of mask. Protruding rounded nozzle with semicircular raised wick-hole area; short nozzle neck with broad deep median groove between two flat slanting sides. Flat base-ring marked off by two circular grooves. Workshop incuse signature: LMADIEC.

Discus Iconography: Comic theater mask.

Type: Buchi IX-b

Date: Early Flavian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: (Close) Bémont and Chew 2007, pp. 332, 504, pl. 79, AF 22 (LMADIEC), from North Africa. For the discus decor only, see Bussière 2000, no. 2262, pl. 62 (Loeschcke VIII).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

449

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.441

Dimensions: L: 10.2 cm; W: 7.0 cm; H: 3.1 cm

Condition and Fabric: Nozzle bottom restored; bottom overpainted. Clay 2.5YR6/6 light red, same color slip.

Description: Moldmade. Outward-sloping shoulder, separated from flat discus by a continuous ridge surrounding most of the discus and nozzle, leaving a broad channel between discus and wick-hole; a symmetrically placed lug on each side of the shoulder, slightly below the median horizontal axis. Large filling-hole in lower field. Small air hole in channel. Protruding long nozzle with rounded tip. Flat base marked off by two rings, the outer one slightly thicker than the inner one. Workshop signature in relief capital letters upside-down: OCTAVI.

Discus Iconography: Theater mask.

Type: Buchi X-a

Date: Late Flavian to Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Cologne (Germany)

Parallels: (Close) Buchi 1975, nos. 903 and 919, pl. 45; Bailey BM II, Q 1168, pl. 52.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

450

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.444

Dimensions: L: 12.2 cm; W: 8.2 cm; H: 3.0 cm

Condition and Fabric: Nozzle restored and overpainted. Clay 5YR6/4 light reddish brown, glaze 5YR4/3 reddish brown; most of the lamp burned dark.

Description: Moldmade. Slightly outward-sloping shoulder, separated from flat discus by a continuous ridge surrounding most of discus and nozzle, leaving a straight broad channel between discus and wick-hole; three lugs evenly distributed on shoulder. Filling-hole slightly below center. Two small air holes in channel. Protruding long round-tipped nozzle. Base marked off by three rings, the outer one bigger than the others. Workshop signature in relief capital letters upside-down: CAMPILI.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Buchi X-a

Date: Late Flavian to Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Italy

Parallels: Buchi 1975, no. 83, pl. 6 (similar, with one air hole only).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

451

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.436

Dimensions: L: 7.4 cm; W: 4.5 cm; H: 2.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR6/6 reddish yellow, metallic shiny glaze 10YR3/1 very dark gray.

Description: Moldmade. Smooth ring handle. Rounded shoulder, separated from discus by a ridge surrounding most of discus and nozzle, leaving a straight broad channel between discus and wick-hole; a symmetrically placed lug on each side of shoulder. Large central filling-hole. Round-tipped nozzle not distinctly detached from oval lamp body. Base marked off by two rings.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Buchi X-b

Date: Second century A.D. (Buchi)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Cologne (Germany)

Parallels: (Close) Iványi 1935, no. 7, pl. 48; Bémont and Chew 2007, pp. 301, 490, pl. 65, GA 308.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

452

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.425

Dimensions: L: 6.2 cm; W: 3.3 cm; H: 2.1 cm

Condition and Fabric: Right upper part of shoulder chipped; ring handle slightly askew. Clay 5YR7/1 light gray, glaze 5YR5/1 gray.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder slightly sloping and separated from the flat discus by a ridge surrounding most of the discus and nozzle, leaving a straight broad channel between discus and wick-hole; symmetrically placed rectangular grooved lug on each side of shoulder. Large filling-hole. Protruding long nozzle with rounded tip. Base with inner ring marked off by one deep outer groove.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Buchi X-b/c

Date: Second century A.D. (Buchi)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Cologne (Germany)

Parallels: Bémont and Chew 2007, pp. 301–2, 490, pl. 65, GA 310.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

453

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.430

Dimensions: L: 6.1 cm; W: 3.4 cm; H: 2.0 cm

Condition and Fabric: Thin cracks and chips; from worn mold. Clay 7.5YR6/4 light brown, thick glaze near 10YR7/2 light gray.

Description: Moldmade. Substantial ring handle with median groove. Shoulder separated from discus by a ridge surrounding most of discus and nozzle, leaving a straight channel between discus and wick-hole; a nearly symmetrically placed lug on each side of shoulder. Nozzle with rounded tip not distinctly detached from oval lamp body. Blurred base with three rings.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Buchi X-b/c

Date: Second century A.D. (Buchi)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Cologne (Germany)

Parallels: (Close) Liesen 1994, p. 50, no. 219.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

454

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.431

Dimensions: L: 7.7 cm; W: 4.3 cm; H: 2.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR8/2 white, mottled glaze 5YR6/6 reddish yellow with many burned areas.

Description: Moldmade. Smooth ring handle. Outward-sloping shoulder, separated from discus by a ridge surrounding most of discus and nozzle, leaving a straight broad channel between discus and wick-hole; no shoulder-lugs. Central filling-hole. Round-tipped nozzle not distinctly detached from oval lamp body. Oval blurred base.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Buchi X-c

Date: Second century A.D. (Buchi)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Cologne (Germany)

Parallels: Liesen 1994, no. 220.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

455

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.152

Dimensions: L: 10.2 cm; W: 7.0 cm; H: 3.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 2.5YR6/6 light red, same color slip, with faintly darker areas.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with three grooves on upper part and one on lower. Sloping shoulder, separated from flat discus by a ridge surrounding most of discus and nozzle, leaving a straight broad but short channel between discus and wick-hole; a raised lug with a median groove symmetrically placed on each side of shoulder below median horizontal axis; small circle incised on each side of handle and of nozzle channel. Small central filling-hole. Small air hole in lower field near the channel. Short round-tipped nozzle. Base with two rings, the interior one narrower than the outer one. Plain planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: Three comic theater masks evenly distributed.

Type: Loeschcke X-Kurzform

Date: Mid-second century A.D. (Bailey)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: None found. For the shape only, see Bailey BM II, Q 1180–Q 1181, pl. 54.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

456

No entry.

457

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.287

Dimensions: L: 7.2 cm; W: 5.3 cm; H: 2.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR6/6 reddish yellow, a few remains of original glaze 10R6/6 light red; many areas burned darker, both on top and bottom. Mica. Incrustation.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with three grooves on upper part, one on lower. Rounded shoulder, separated from discus by a ridge marked off by two grooves surrounding most of discus and channel; square incised mark with central dot, reminiscent of shoulder lugs, symmetrically placed on each side of shoulder; small circle incised on each side of handle and of nozzle channel. Small central filling-hole. Air hole in lower field partly hiding one mask. Short round-tipped nozzle. Flat base-ring marked off by two circular grooves. Large incuse plain planta pedis in center.

Discus Iconography: Three blurred and hardly visible theater masks evenly spaced.

Type: Loeschcke X-Kurzform

Date: Late second century A.D. or later(?)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Southern Anatolia

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

458

Inventory Number: 83.AK.438.418

Dimensions: L: 13.0 cm; W: 8.4 cm; H: 2.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: Broken in several pieces and mended. Coarse clay 5YR6/6 reddish yellow.

Description: Upper mold of Firmalampe, presumably of Loeschcke type X. The lamp produced would have a shoulder with two raised lugs symmetrically placed on median horizontal line; a ridge surrounding both discus and nozzle, leaving a straight broad channel between them. Central filling-hole.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Loeschcke X(?)

Date: Second to third century A.D.(?)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Unknown

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

459

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.422

Dimensions: L: 12.3 cm; W: 7.5 cm; H: 3.0 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR8/4 pink, glaze 2.5YR6/6 red.

Description: Wheelmade tallow lamp. Applied band handle with wide median groove. Wide bowl with a flat bottom and nearly vertical wall communicating with a similar much smaller bowl, serving as wick-bowl. Substantial black burn marks on wick-bowl. Raised base-ring.

Type: Loeschcke XI

Date: Second half of first century to first half of second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Cologne (Germany)

Parallels: Loeschcke, Willers, and Niessen 1911, pl. 177; Loeschcke 1919, no. 1003, pl. III; Cleveringa 1949–53, no. 8, fig. 56; Leibundgut 1977, pp. 58–59, nos. 981–87; Defives and Gernez 1971, p. 229, Musée de Bavay no. 4, p. 230, Musée d’Avesnes no. 5, p. 231, and Musée de St. Omer no. 6; Hayes 1980, no. 269, pl. 30; Bailey BM III, Q 1641–Q 1649, pls. 8–9 (from England); Vertet 1983, pp. 126–29; Carré 1984, pp. 77–78, nos. 203–5 and 315–24 (Autun); Goethert 1989, pp. 40–130 (Trier); Liesen 1994, p. 52, nos. 234–35; Goethert 1997, pp. 124–25, fig. 68, pp. 128–29, nos. 97–98, and p. 189 for a bronze model; Kirsch 2002, nos. 447–48, pl. 24; Bémont and Chew 2007, pp. 310, 494, pl. 69, GA 346.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

460

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.424

Dimensions: L: 11.5 cm; W: 6.2 cm; H: 1.9 cm

Condition and Fabric: A few chips on rim near handle. Clay 10YR8/2 white, mottled glaze 2.5YR6/6 light red with black traces.

Description: Wheelmade tallow lamp. Applied ring handle. Shallow bowl with flat bottom and nearly vertical wall communicating with smaller similar bowl, serving as wick-bowl. Raised base-ring.

Type: Loeschcke XI

Date: Second half of first century to first half of second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Cologne (Germany)

Parallels: See parallels given for cat. 459.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

461

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.423

Dimensions: L: 8.5 cm; W: 6.7 cm; H: 4.4 cm

Condition and Fabric: Crack on right side. Gray clay and slip burned: 5YR4/1 dark gray.

Description: Wheelmade. Small pierced horizontal stump handle, placed very low on basin. Deep globular body in the shape of a casserole. Large filling-hole. Raised flat base with string marks, left when the lamp was detached from the potter’s wheel.

Type: Loeschcke XIII

Date: Flavian (Loeschcke); first and second centuries A.D. (Di Filippo Balestrazzi; Bet, Gangloff, and Vertet); first to third century A.D. (Leibundgut); second half of the first to middle of the third century A.D. (Goethert); mid-first to early third century A.D. (Bémont)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Cologne (Germany)

Parallels: Fremersdorf 1922, p. 108, type 69; Joffroy 1957, no. 20, pl. 27; Menzel 1969, p. 80, nos. 526–27, figs. 69–70 (Pompeii); Carré 1985, no. 56, fig. 7 (Alesia); Bet, Gangloff, and Vertet 1987, no. 986 (Lezoux); Goethert-Polaschek 1987, p. 169, nos. 1–2, fig. 2; Di Filippo Balestrazzi 1988, vol. 2.1, pp. 81–86, vol. 2.2, pls. 13–14 (Aquileia); Elaigne 1996, figs. 1–3; Goethert 1997, p. 151, no. 114; Kirsch 2002, nos. 464–79, pl. 25; Bémont and Chew 2007, pp. 311–12, 497, pl. 72, GA 349–GA 353.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

462

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.419

Dimensions: W: 6.9–7.4; H: 3.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Handle broken off. Clay 10YR8/2 white, slip near 10YR7/3 light gray.

Description: Wheelmade. Deep bowl with vertical wall and short cylindrical socket (wick-holder[?]) rising at center; socket pierced by openings on opposite sides at bottom; socket rim blackened by fire. Part of edge of bowl blackened. Flat even base.

Type: Loeschcke XIV

Date: Second half of first century or first half of second century A.D. (Bailey); first to third century (Leibundgut and Goethert)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Cologne (Germany)

Parallels: Joffroy 1957, pl. 27; Leibundgut 1977, no. 980, pl. 17; Carré 1985, no. 72, fig. 7; Bailey BM III, Q 1650, pl. 10; Goethert-Polaschek 1988, pp. 463–510; Goethert 1997, pp. 152–53, fig. 93; (near) Bémont and Chew 2007, pp. 312–14, 499, pl. 74, GA 356–63.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

Discussion: The blackened rim of the socket would tend to confirm that its function was to hold a wick and not a candle.

III.A.b.1.1 Loeschcke type I A = Bailey type A group i

The primary characteristic of Loeschcke type I A is a shallow V-shaped channel between the discus and the nozzle. Further characteristic is a narrow shoulder, usually level, that slopes slightly inward with closely set concentric rills. In other respects the shoulders belong to Loeschcke shoulder forms I and II. Most Getty lamps of this group lack a handle and have a base-ring. The exception is cat. 82, which has a handle and a flat circular base marked off by one circular groove. Both these features point to a slightly later date than the general chronology of the type. Cat. 81 likewise has a handle but keeps a base-ring; yet the presence of the handle and the blurred aspect of the lamp due to a very worn mold produced by surmoulage likewise suggest a slightly later date, like cat. 82. Cat. 83 with its V-shaped channel belongs to Loeschcke type I A, but it has an unusual shoulder marked off by two grooves and decorated with a row of ovolos. A nearly similar shoulder with ovolos is found on cat. 84, classified within Loeschcke type I A despite its lack of a channel. Cat. 76 has a small lug handle on each side; it is very close to Bailey BM II, Q 755, pl. 1, of Loeschcke type I A, with a similar club in the middle of its V-shaped channel. Bailey dates his type A group i to the Augustan-Tiberian period.

76

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.8

Dimensions: L: 11.0 cm; W: 8.5 cm; H: 3.2 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR6/3 light reddish brown, unevenly applied and preserved glaze, mostly 5YR4/1 dark gray on upper part and side.

Description: Moldmade. Voluted lug handle on each side. Flat shoulder with a rounded outer ridge and four rills. Flat-bottomed discus with sloping walls. Central filling-hole surrounded by two thin ridges encircling the filling-hole. V-shaped channel between discus and nozzle; relief club with cross-markings in the middle of the channel. Air hole above club. Splayed volute-nozzle with a curved tip. Raised base-ring.

Discus Iconography: Radial pattern in central section within two circular grooves.

Type: Loeschcke I A; Bailey A group i

Date: Augustan to Tiberian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: None found; (close) Bailey BM II, Q 755, pl. 1, with two lug handles, V-shaped channel decorated with club with cross-markings, and similar molding encircling filling-hole.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

77

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.50

Dimensions: L: 9.6 cm; W: 7.0 cm; H: 2.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR6/2 light brownish gray, mottled glaze, mostly 10YR4/2 dark grayish brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Shoulder of Loeschcke form I interrupted by a V-shaped channel between discus and nozzle. Central filling-hole surrounded by three concentric ridges. Splayed volute-nozzle with angular tip. Raised base-ring marked off by two circular grooves.

Discus Iconography: Lamp with angular nozzle and crescent-handle ornament.

Type: Loeschcke I A; Bailey A group i

Date: Augustan to Tiberian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Loeschcke 1919, no. 461, pl. XVII (Loeschcke IV); Fremersdorf 1922, p. 94, type 25; Righini 1966, no. 26, fig. 7 (Faenza); (identical) Deneauve 1969, no. 338, pl. 39; Bémont 2002, no. 177, pl. 17; (close) Bémont and Chew 2007, p. 474, pl. 49, GA 155 (Loeschcke IV); cat. 78.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

78

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.69

Dimensions: L: 10.1 cm; W: 7.3 cm; H: 3.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Thin crack between wick-hole and center of discus; back of lamp restored; overpainted. Clay 7.5YR6/4 light brown, glaze near 5YR5/4 reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Inward-sloping shoulder of Loeschcke form II a, interrupted by a V-shaped channel between discus and nozzle. Central filling-hole surrounded by three concentric ridges. Splayed volute-nozzle with angular tip. Raised base-ring marked off by two circular grooves.

Discus Iconography: Lamp with angular nozzle and crescent-handle ornament.

Type: Loeschcke I A; Bailey A group i

Date: Augustan to Tiberian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: Loeschcke 1919, no. 461, pl. XVII (Loeschcke type IV); Fremersdorf 1922, p. 94, type 25; (identical) Deneauve 1969, no. 338, pl. 39; Bémont and Chew 2007, p. 474, pl. 49, GA 155 (Loeschcke IV); cat. 77, similar but not from same mold.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

79

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.32

Dimensions: L: 11.5 cm; W: 8.3 cm; H: 3.0 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR7/3 very pale brown, very flaked remains of glaze near 10YR5/2 grayish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder of Loeschcke form II a interrupted by a short channel between deep discus and nozzle. Tiny air hole in channel. Central filling-hole surrounded by two narrow, concentric ridges. Splayed volute-nozzle with an angular tip; burn marks. Raised base-ring.

Discus Iconography: Leaf branches, two pairs of birds, each flanking a pomegranate.

Type: Loeschcke I A; Bailey A group i

Date: Augustan to Tiberian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: Cologne Museum, Wollman collection, nos. 40, 54.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

80

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.39

Dimensions: L: 11.0 cm; W: 8.0 cm; H: 3.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Chips on left shoulder. Clay 5YR7/4 pink, glaze 5YR4/4 reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder of Loeschcke form II b, slightly inward sloping, interrupted by a V-shaped channel between discus and nozzle. Splayed volute-nozzle with curved rather than angular tip. Raised base-ring marked off by two circular grooves.

Discus Iconography: Togated bust of Augustus in pronounced relief to left within laurel wreath. He is holding a globe in his left hand and an object interpreted as a ladle in his right.

Type: Loeschcke I A; Bailey A group i

Date: Augustan to Tiberian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Southern Anatolia

Parallels: (Identical discus) Williams 1981, p. 16, no. 54, pl. 2 (Kenchreai).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

Discussion: Williams 1981 connected the discus decor to “a group of pottery emblemata published by V. von Gonzenbach, ‘Genius Augusti-Theos Sebastos,’ Opuscula (Carolo Kerenyi dedicata), Stockholm Studies in Classical Archaeology 5 (1968), pp. 81–117; most of these are in the Athenian Agora but on them Augustus holds a lituus instead of a ladle.”

81

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.144

Dimensions: L: 11.9 cm; W: 7.2 cm; H: 3.0 cm

Condition and Fabric: Scratches on shoulder; from very worn mold. Clay 5YR6/6 reddish yellow, glaze partly same color, partly darkened 5YR4/3 reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Ribbon handle with three grooves. Inward-sloping shoulder of Loeschcke form I, interrupted by a V-shaped channel between discus and nozzle. Splayed volute-nozzle with angular tip; burn marks. Blurred, raised base-ring.

Discus Iconography: Blurred wading bird to left.

Type: Loeschcke I A; Bailey A group i

Date: Mid-first century A.D.(?)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Unknown

Parallels: (Close) Di Filippo Balestrazzi 1988, vol. 2.2, no. 205, pl. 31, same bird accompanied by a plant; see her motif III.b.2.1. For other wading birds, see Goethert-Polaschek 1985, pl. 41, and Leibundgut 1977, pl. 51, on different types of lamps; Bochum Museum, Schüller Collection, cat. no. 234, S 649 (Loeschcke I) (Germany).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

Discussion: The unusual presence of a handle on this lamp, mostly limited to Loeschcke type I C, suggests a slightly later date than the other examples of Bailey type A group i.

82

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.395

Dimensions: L: 10.2 cm; W: 7.0 cm; H: 3.0 cm

Condition and Fabric: Thin cracks on nozzle; handle broken off; top has modern overpaint. Clay near 7.5YR7/4 pink, glaze mottled, mostly 2.5YR6/6 light red.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Flat shoulder with several rills close to Loeschcke form I. Slightly depressed discus. V-shaped channel between discus and nozzle. Splayed volute-nozzle curved at tip; burn marks. Slightly concave base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Erotic scene in pronounced relief with two lovers on a bed, the woman is lying and her mate is kneeling, holding up her legs.

Type: Loeschcke I A; Bailey A group i

Date: Mid-first century A.D., given the presence of a handle and the weight of the lamp

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Unknown

Parallels: Bailey BM II, Q 882, pl. 13 (Loeschcke IV), and Q 979, pl. 24 (Loeschcke V). To the numerous parallels given by Bailey, p. 65, add Hellmann 1987, no. 173, pl. 29 (fr.); Bussière 2000, no. 347, pl. 36 (Loeschcke IV), decor II.f.2.(4), p. 193.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

83

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.9

Dimensions: L: 11.0 cm; W: 7.6 cm; H: 3.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Nozzle restored. Clay near 5YR6/1 light gray, glaze 5YR4/1 dark gray, burned.

Description: Moldmade. Raised rounded edge surrounding the circular top of the lamp. Inward-sloping shoulder with a row of ovolos between one exterior ridge and three interior thin descending ridges. Flat-bottomed discus with a large filling-hole and a small air hole surrounded by inner row of small ovolos. V-shaped channel between discus and nozzle. Splayed volute-nozzle curved at tip with prominent volute-spines. Raised base-ring enclosing potter’s mark: ΠΥ.

Discus Iconography: Frog in pronounced relief, head facing nozzle.

Type: Loeschcke I A; Bailey A group i

Date: Augustan to Tiberian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: None found; (near) Bussière 2000, p. 249, no. 6, and p. 206, decor III.d.1.(1); for the frog motif, see Di Filippo Balestrazzi 1988, vol. 2.2, no. 857, pl. 133, motif III.a.8.2; Heimerl 2001, no. 865, pl. 19 (fr.).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

84

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.7

Dimensions: L: 10.1 cm; W: 7.9 cm; H: 2.9 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR6/6 reddish yellow, mottled glaze between 5YR6/2 and 5YR6/4 pinkish gray and light reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade. A raised edge surrounds the circular top of the lamp. Inward-sloping shoulder with a row of ovolos between two thin ridges, the inner one beaded. Flat discus pierced by two symmetrical filling-holes. Splayed volute-nozzle curved at tip with prominent volute-spines. Between them several curved lines and an air hole. Raised base-ring. Two volute-knobs joined together by two semicircular thin ridges under nozzle.

Discus Iconography: Frontal Silenus head in pronounced relief. Elaborate vine wreath.

Type: Loeschcke I A variant

Date: Augustan to Tiberian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: None found. For closely similar representations of the discus decor only, see Rodríguez Martín 2002, nos. 49–50, pl. 13.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

Discussion: Despite the fact that it lacks the typical V-shaped channel, this lamp is best classified as a variant of Loeschcke type I A = Bailey type A group i. The small size of its nozzle, the peculiar shape of its volutes, and their junction under the nozzle prevent it from being assigned to Loeschcke type I B.

III.A.b.1.2 Loeschcke type I B = Bailey type A groups ii, iii, iv

The lamps of this type differ from those of Loeschcke type I A mainly by the absence of the V-shaped channel between the discus and the nozzle. According to Loeschcke and his well-known figure 1 reproduced in most catalogues (see fig. 1), the nozzle in type I B is supposed to be bigger than in type I A. This is not always the case for the nozzles of the Getty specimens of the two types. All their shoulders, except one, are flat early forms, either decorated with rills (8 ex.), or belonging to Loeschcke forms I (2 ex.), II a, or II b (5 ex.) of Augustan to Tiberian times, or to forms III a or III a var. (18 ex.) of Claudian to Early Flavian times. Only one lamp, cat. 118, has a rounded shoulder (Loeschcke form VII b) while still preserving a raised base-ring, as does about 70 percent of the total number of type I B lamps; base-rings indicate an early date. The remaining 30 percent have a flat base marked off by one circular groove. Only four lamps have a handle: cats. 90 and 115–17. Out of thirty-five examples of the type, sixteen have mythological topics and five relate to gladiators. The rest, represented by one, two, or three examples each, deal with the circus, the army, animals, plants, or erotic or daily scenes. Loeschcke type I B is dated by Bailey from Late Augustan to Early Flavian times.

85

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.1

Dimensions: L: 11.1 cm; W: 7.9 cm; H: 2.9 cm

Condition and Fabric: Clay 7.5YR7/2 pinkish gray, uneven glaze, mostly 7.5YR5/2 brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Intact. Inward-sloping shoulder with five rills. Off-center filling-hole. Air hole on nozzle top unexpectedly large and rectangular. Splayed angular nozzle with volutes and prominent volute-spines. Three concentric base-rings. Illegible potter’s mark in relief.

Discus Iconography: Relief of half-nude tipsy Silenus sitting on a mule, holding in his left hand a thyrsus resting on his shoulder; animal skin hanging from the thyrsus; a jug of wine is in his right hand.

Type: Loeschcke I B; Bailey A group ii

Date: Augustan to Tiberian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

86

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.5

Dimensions: L: 11.2 cm; W: 8.1 cm; H: 3.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Left shoulder chipped. Clay 7.5YR7/2 pinkish gray, mottled remains of glaze 5YR 4/1 dark gray.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Inward-sloping shoulder with six rills. Splayed angle-tipped nozzle with volutes and prominent volute-spines. Slightly raised base-ring marked off by two circular grooves.

Discus Iconography: Ulysses, at left, wearing a tunic and a pointed cap, holding out a cup of wine to Polyphemus, at right; the giant, sitting on a rock, is grasping the body of a dead sailor in his left hand.

Type: Loeschcke I B; Bailey A group ii

Date: Augustan to Tiberian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: Loeschcke, Willers, and Niessen 1911, no. 1821, pl. 80 (Loeschcke IV); numerous refs. in Bailey BM II, p. 36, and Bussière 2000, p. 173, decor I.d.2.(1); Kirsch 2002, no. 112, pl. 10 (Loeschcke IV); Casas Genover and Soler Fusté 2006, pl. 32, no. G 477 (fr.). Polyphemus is occasionally represented alone (e.g., Heres 1972, no. 620, pl. 64; Robin Petitot 2000, p. 55, no. 84).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

87

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.40

Dimensions: L: 10.0 cm; W: 7.3 cm; H: 3.0 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR6/8 reddish yellow, mottled glaze 2.5YR5/4 reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Inward-sloping shoulder with three rills. Central filling-hole. Voluted angular-tipped nozzle; burn marks. Raised base-ring marked off by two circular grooves.

Discus Iconography: Two nude pugilists fighting with gloves (cesti); the left one has the upper hand.

Type: Loeschcke I B; Bailey A group iii

Date: Augustan to Tiberian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: None found. For other representations of pugilists, see Bailey BM II, pp. 59–60, III (e) I; Bussière 2000, p. 188, decor II.d.6.(4).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

88

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.13

Dimensions: L: 10.0 cm; W: 7.3 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR5/8 yellowish brown, glaze 5YR5/2 reddish gray, with some darkened areas on lower half.

Description: Moldmade from plaster mold. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a var. Filling-hole in right lower field. Voluted angular-tipped nozzle; burn marks. Raised base-ring marked off by two circular grooves.

Discus Iconography: Winged Cupid to right carrying a trident on his left shoulder, a twisted, hooked dolphin around its staff; his left leg is lifted, his raised right hand is holding an undetermined object.

Type: Loeschcke I B; Bailey A group iii

Date: Claudian to Early Flavian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: (Identical) Loeschcke 1919, no. 17, pl. 5; Fremersdorf 1942, no. 3, pl. 25; Bernabò Brea and Cavalier 1965, no. 19, pl. 218; Oziol 1977, no. 480, pl. 25; Leibundgut 1977, p. 146, no. 154, motif 76, pl. 29; Goethert-Polaschek 1985, no. 224, pl. 23; Heimerl 2001, no. 22, motif M.1–2 (Pergamon); Morillo Cerdán 2003b, p. 92, no. 3, pl. III.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

89

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.14

Dimensions: L: 9.1 cm; W: 6.9 cm; H: 3.0 cm

Condition and Fabric: Clay near 5YR 6/4 light reddish brown, glaze mostly 10R5/6 red.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Intact. Inward-sloping shoulder with three rills. Filling-hole lower right. Tiny unpierced air hole on top of voluted angular-tipped nozzle. Raised base-ring marked off by two circular grooves.

Discus Iconography: Two fighting gladiators (Thraces); the left one has dropped his small rectangular shield, the right one is attacking, raising his shield to protect his face; each wears loincloth, crested helmet, and greaves.

Type: Loeschcke I B; Bailey A group iii

Date: Augustan to Tiberian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: Bémont 2005, p. 159, no. 5, fig. 10, who refers to Cazes and Landes 1987, fig. 32, Nimes Museum.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

Discussion: Round sunken mark left by the mold in the center of the discus may indicate where the potter first intended to place the filling-hole; it was moved off center in order not to spoil the decor.

90

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.471

Dimensions: L: 12.2 cm; W: 7.5 cm; H: 3.1 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR6/4 light reddish brown, very faint traces of glaze 2.5YR6/6 light red.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ribbon handle with median groove all around. Flat shoulder with three rills. Small central filling-hole surrounded by a thin outer ring and a wider inner one. Splayed angle-tipped nozzle with volutes and prominent volute-spines. Raised base-ring with a slightly concave interior.

Discus Iconography: Three sea monsters alternating with three conch shells (Triton trumpets).

Type: Loeschcke I B; Bailey A group iii

Date: Augustan to Tiberian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Central Anatolia

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

91

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.558

Dimensions: L: 10.5 cm; W: 7.3 cm; H: 2.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: A few surface chips. Clay 10YR6/3 pale brown, uneven glaze mostly 10YR3/2 very dark grayish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Inward-sloping shoulder with five rills. Unusually deep discus. Filling-hole in the lower part of discus. Splayed, angle-tipped volute-nozzle. Raised base-ring marked off by two circular grooves and a circular thin inner ridge. Workshop mark: letter A.

Discus Iconography: Lion (to right, head frontal) attacking a mule; the lion’s right foreleg laid across the mule’s belly.

Type: Loeschcke I B; Bailey A group iii

Date: Augustan to Tiberian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Unknown

Parallels: Ponsich 1961, no. 114, pl. 11 (fr.); Vegas 1966a, no. 96/124/222, pl. 8 (Novaesium); Lyster 1970, fig. 6.17 (Loeschcke IV); Heres 1972, no. 136, pl. 18 (Loeschcke IV); Leibundgut 1977, p. 177, nos. 270–71, motif 274, pl. 46 (Loeschcke IV); Rosenthal and Sivan 1978, p. 25, no. 70, and p. 35, no. 131; Goethert-Polaschek 1985, M 169; Bailey BM II Q 866, pp. 161–62, pl. 11, fig. 75, with further refs. pp. 72–73; Hellmann 1985, pp. 8–9, no. 5; (close) Mlasowsky 1993, p. 205, no. 191 (Loeschcke IV); Morillo Cerdán 1999, nos. 226–28, motif 109; Bussière 2000, p. 196, III.a.1.(24) (with further refs.); Rodríguez Martín 2002, no. 208, pl. 39 (Loeschcke IV); (close) Bémont 2002, p. 88, D101 (no. 365); Moscara 2003, no. V.9, fig. 3; Chrzanovski 2006, p. 72, no. 91; Pace 2008, p. 18; Bochum Museum, Schüller Collection, cat. no. 92, S 730.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Galerie Günter Puhze 1983, no. 235.

92

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.35

Dimensions: L: 11.1 cm; W: 8.1 cm; H: 2.9 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, mottled glaze mostly 5YR6/6 reddish yellow.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Shoulder: Loeschcke form I. Filling-hole in lower left field; small air hole at bottom. Volute-nozzle with angular tip and prominent volute-spines; burn marks. Raised base-ring marked off by two circular grooves.

Discus Iconography: Standing Bacchus, nude except for a loin string. His left arm embraces the shoulder of a youth, whose left hand is holding a thyrsus with streamers; Bacchus’s right hand is pouring from a cantharus to a small panther at his feet.

Type: Loeschcke I B; Bailey A group iii

Date: Augustan to Tiberian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Southern Anatolia

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

93

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.15

Dimensions: L: 9.8 cm; W: 6.9 cm; H: 3.0 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, glaze varying from 2.5YR6/6 light red to 7.5YR5/2 brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Shoulder: Loeschcke form I. Central filling-hole; small air hole in lower part of shoulder molding. Voluted angular-tipped nozzle with unusual junction between the volutes near the wick-hole. Raised base-ring marked off by two circular grooves.

Discus Iconography: Gladiatorial equipment: two pairs of greaves (ocreae) and two swords (sicae).

Type: Loeschcke I B; Bailey A group iii

Date: Augustan to Tiberian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: (Close) Heres 1972, no. 33, pl. 7; Vikić-Belančić 1976, no. 6, pl. 8; Bailey BM II, p. 55, Q 764, fig. 57 (with further refs.); (identical) Bussière 2000, no. 40, pl. 17, decor II.c.2.(1); Casas Genover and Soler Fusté 2006, no. G 270, pl. 20; Svoboda 2006, p. 55, no. 50.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

94

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.24

Dimensions: L: 10.1 cm; W: 8.0 cm; H: 3.0 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, uneven glaze varying from 2.5YR6/6 to 2.5YR4/4 light red to reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Shoulder: Loeschcke form I. Shoulder separated from the narrow flat-bottomed central discus area by a garland. Filling-hole surrounded by three ridges. Small air hole in front of the angular-tipped volute-nozzle. Stamped ovolo underneath the nozzle. Raised base-ring marked off by two circular grooves. Potter’s mark: C[–] I F(?). There seem to be four letters in slight relief. Under the base-ring a workshop mark stamped in the mold: an ovolo.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Garland of acanthus leaves and lotus flowers.

Type: Loeschcke I B; Bailey type A group iii

Date: Augustan to Tiberian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Oziol 1977, no. 170, pl. 10; Farka 1977, no. 742, pl. 49; Di Filippo Balestrazzi 1988, vol. 2.2, no. 853, pl. 132, motif IV.c.2; Bussière 2000, no. 584, pl. 45 (fr.), decor IV.a.4.(2).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

95

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.2

Dimensions: L: 11.6 cm; W: 8.5 cm; H: 2.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Clay 5YR6/4 light reddish brown, glaze 5YR5/2 reddish gray, darker in spots.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Intact. Shoulder: Loeschcke form II a. Filling-hole in lower discus. Volute-nozzle with angular tip. Raised base-ring marked off by two circular grooves.

Discus Iconography: Rider with a military cloak floating behind him is halting his galloping horse by a mark on the ground; he looks around at a high post fixed in the ground behind him; on top of the post a circular bulging platform with a spirally formed curved structure; the man’s right arm is outstretched, and two small balls are distinctly visible between his fingers; his left hand is holding both the reins and the handle of a basket, which probably contains more balls; a ribbon twisted around his forearm denotes a victor in an athletic contest.

Type: Loeschcke I B; Bailey A group iii

Date: Augustan to Tiberian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: Similar decor on an ornament handle of a lamp of Loeschcke type IV in Ephesos I, p. 177, fig. 108; Pollak 1906, no. 362, pl. 22; Vorberg 1932, p. 149; see also a different discus decor that might have inspired that of this lamp: Heres 1972, p. 36, no. 132, pl. 17, and no. 529, pl. 57; Leibundgut 1977, pp. 158–59, no. 427, motif 152, pl. 35; Hellmann 1985, pp. 12–13, no. 9; Fitch and Goldman 1994, no. 468, pl. 4. For a study of the decor of this lamp, see Bussière 2013.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

Discussion:
The scene on the discus may be interpreted as a game or as a skill exercise consisting of introducing as many balls as possible into the spiral groove before the horse’s forelegs touch the ground again.

An ornament handle of a two-nozzled lamp found in Ephesus shows a similar decor. The structure on the post has been interpreted by Zahn as a sundial, and the gesture of the rider’s right hand is supposed to indicate the time (Heres 1972, p. 36, quoting Zahn). Such a reading does not account for the two small balls between the man’s thumb and forefinger.

96

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.49

Dimensions: L: 10.4 cm; W: 7.5 cm; H: 2.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: Cracks on discus. Clay near 10YR5/2 grayish brown, glaze burned 5YR3/1 very dark gray.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Shoulder: Loeschcke form II a. Filling-hole almost centered; small air hole above the voluted angular-tipped nozzle. Raised base-ring marked off by two circular grooves.

Discus Iconography: Half-nude man with hunting spear, mantle flowing from his shoulders, is rushing bent to left, accompanied by a mastiff below.

Type: Loeschcke I B; Bailey A group iii

Date: Augustan to Tiberian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Southern Anatolia

Parallels: Loeschcke 1919, no. 102, pl. IX; Deneauve 1969, no. 686, pl. 67 (fr.); Gechter 1979, fig. 18.3; Bussière 2000, p. 249, no. 21, pl. 15 (from a different mold), and p. 179, decor II.a.3.(9) with more comparanda.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

97

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.537

Dimensions: L: 9.5 cm; W: 6.8 cm; H: 2.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 2.5Y8/2 white, glaze very worn, originally mostly 10YR4/2 dark grayish brown. Incrustations.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Shoulder: Loeschcke form II a. Filling-hole in lower part of the discus. Voluted angular-tipped nozzle. Raised base-ring marked off by two circular grooves.

Discus Iconography: Erotic scene with two lovers on a bed; the woman on the right is crouching on all fours; the man is kneeling behind her with his left hand on her back.

Type: Loeschcke I B; Bailey A group iii

Date: Augustan to Tiberian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Unknown

Parallels: Bailey BM II, Q 835, pl. 7, similar but with rounded shoulder (see p. 66 for further refs.); Goethert-Polaschek 1985, no. 127, pl. 35, decor M130; Bussière 2000, p. 262, no. 327, decor II.f.2.(7) (with further refs.).

Provenance: Before 1982, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); by 1982–1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Galerie Günter Puhze 1982, no. 258.

98

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.26

Dimensions: L: 10.0 cm; W: 7.0 cm; H: 2.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: Clay 7.5YR6/4 light brown, glaze much burned, originally 10YR4/2 dark grayish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Intact. Shoulder: Loeschcke form II b. Filling-hole slightly to right with remains of corroded iron wick-nail. Voluted angular-tipped nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Draped and winged Victory standing to left, holding a shield inscribed OB CIIVIS SER[VATOS] (for having saved the citizens).

Type: Loeschcke I B; Bailey A group iii

Date: Late Augustan to Early Flavian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: Bailey BM II, pp. 26–28, fig. 22 (with further refs.); Hayes 1980, p. 61, no. 267; Goethert-Polaschek 1985, no. 96, pl. 26; Hellmann 1985, p. 6, no. 3; Amaré Tafalla 1988, p. 70, fig. 111; Olcina, Reginard, and Sánchez 1990, p. 30, no. 18 (fr.) (Tossal de Manises); LIMC 8.2, p. 178, no. 171, s.v. Victoria; Bussière 2000, p. 167, decor I.b.9.(5); Rodríguez Martín 2002, no. 87, pl. 19 (Loeschcke IV); Rivet 2003, p. 136, nos. 113–14; Hanotte 2005, pl. 64, fig. 7.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Bodel and Tracy 1997, p. 15.

99

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.27

Dimensions: L: 10.0 cm; W: 7.2 cm; H: 2.4 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR7/3 very pale brown, glaze shifting from 10YR4/2 to 10YR4/3 dark grayish brown to dark brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Filling-hole in lower field with corroded iron wick-nail fr. Voluted angular-tipped nozzle. Raised base-ring marked off by two circular grooves. Planta pedis without letters(?).

Discus Iconography: Mercury walking to left, nude except for loin-string and himation folded around his left arm; he wears a round-brimmed petasus, holds a caduceus in his left hand, a purse with three strings in his right.

Type: Loeschcke I B; Bailey A group iii

Date: Late Augustan to Early Flavian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Goldman et al. 1950, no. 409, pl. 111 (Tarsus); Vegas 1966a, nos. 217–18, pl. 6 (Novaesium); Leibundgut 1977, p. 139, no. 397, motif 40, pl. 26 (fr.); Raselli-Nydegger 1998, no. 22, pl. 38.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Sofroniew 2015, p. 3, fig. 3.

100

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.34

Dimensions: L: 11.1 cm; W: 8.2 cm; H: 2.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR7/3 very pale brown, mottled glaze 7.5YR5/4 brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Filling-hole in lower left part of discus. Small rectangular air hole above triangular voluted nozzle with burn marks. Raised base-ring marked off by two circular grooves.

Discus Iconography: Winged frontal Cupid with lit torch pointing down; mantle floating behind his back.

Type: Loeschcke I B; Bailey A group iii

Date: First half of first century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: None found. For the same subject treated differently, see Bussière 2000, p. 160, decor I.b.1.(7).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

101

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.28

Dimensions: L: 10.0 cm; W: 7.2 cm; H: 2.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR8/2 white, mottled glaze between 7.5YR5/2 and 7.5YR4/2 brown and dark brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Filling-hole in lower field. Voluted angular-tipped nozzle. Raised base-ring marked off by two circular grooves. Plain planta pedis on the side of which are three big letters in thin relief (barbotine): N A T.

Discus Iconography: Bacchic scene, Centaur to right drinking from a wine cup; amphora behind his back.

Type: Loeschcke I B; Bailey A group iii

Date: First half of first century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: Lerat 1954, no. 56, pl. 7; (close) Ponsich 1961, no. 53, pl. 6; Mercando 1962, pl. 8.2 (ribbed amphora); Brentchaloff 1972, no. 39, pl. 4, Clermont Museum, inv. 56.465.121; (close) Heres 1972, no. 615, pl. 63 (fr.); Broneer 1977, no. 2527, pl. 28, (fr.); Goethert-Polaschek 1985, no. 378, pl. 27; Kirsch 2002, no. 73, pl. 7; Bochum Museum, Schüller Collection, cat. no. 24, S 632 (Loeschcke I) (Anatolia).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

102

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.23

Dimensions: L: 9.9 cm; W: 7.3 cm; H: 3.0 cm

Condition and Fabric: Left side of shoulder slightly chipped. Clay 10YR7/2 light gray, glaze 7.5YR5/2 to 7.5YR5/4 brown, two medium shades.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Molding of three circular ridges around the central filling-hole. Voluted angular-tipped nozzle. Raised base-ring marked off by two grooves and partially misshaped and sunken.

Discus Iconography: Circular display of military equipment.

Type: Loeschcke I B; Bailey A group iii

Date: First half of first century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: (Close) Rosenthal and Sivan 1978, p. 24, no. 68; (identical) Bessi and Moncini 1980, no. 58, pl. 8; Hübinger 1993, no. 212, pl. 27 (with further refs.).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

103

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.21

Dimensions: L: 10.0 cm; W: 7.3 cm; H: 2.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, uneven glaze, between 2.5YR5/6 red (top) and 5YR5/4 red of browner shade (bottom).

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Filling-hole below center. Voluted angular-tipped nozzle with burn marks. Raised base-ring marked off by two grooves.

Discus Iconography: Stand of seven lap-counting dolphins, consisting of two twisted columns erected within a rectangle marked on the ground; hanging garlands.

Type: Loeschcke I B; Bailey A group iii

Date: First half of first century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Deneauve 1969, no. 330, pl. 39; Leibundgut 1977, p. 173, no. 257, motif 255, pl. 44; Skinkel-Taupin 1980, no. 24a (Loeschcke IV); Barbieri 1994, no. 20, fig. 2 (fr.); Bussière 2000, no. 76, pl. 19, decor II.d.1.(2) (with further refs.).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

104

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.18

Dimensions: L: 10.0 cm; W: 7.3 cm; H: 2.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR7/3 very pale brown, glaze unevenly applied and partly burned, varying from 2.5YR6/8 light red to 10YR4/2 dark grayish brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Filling-hole in lower discus. Voluted angular-tipped nozzle. Raised base-ring; within it on the lower part two short parallel lines in relief.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Desultor wearing a pointed hat and trousers with rolled waistband galloping to left, leading another horse on his right; he whips the horse’s hindquarters with a stick in his left hand.

Type: Loeschcke I B; Bailey A group iii

Date: First half of first century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Brants 1913, no. 317, pl. 3; Perlzweig 1961, no. 99, pl. 4 (Loeschcke IV); Heres 1972, no. 180, pl. 23 (Loeschcke IV), and no. 530, pl. 37; Leibundgut 1977, p. 172, no. 255, motif 248, pl. 44; Bailey BM II, p. 59, Q 830, fig. 62 (with further refs.); Bessi and Moncini 1980, no. 8, pl. 3 (Loeschcke IV); Goethert-Polaschek 1985, p. 187, no. 84, pl. 33, decor M123; Bergès 1989, no. 452, fig. 46; Accorona, di Maio, and Garcea 1996, no. 22, pl. 8 (Pozzuoli); Sussman 2008, p. 267, no. 39 (Loeschcke I).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

105

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.438.38

Dimensions: L: 10.3 cm; W: 7.4 cm; H: 2.4 cm

Condition and Fabric: Fine crack on nozzle; partly overpainted. Clay near 7.5YR6/4 reddish yellow, glaze 10YR5/1 gray (bottom), 10YR3/1 very dark gray (top).

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Filling-hole below the horse; air hole on nozzle. Voluted angular-tipped nozzle. Raised base-ring marked off by two grooves.

Discus Iconography: Marcus Curtius with helmet, cuirass, tunic, and round shield leaping to left on his horse into the chasm in the Forum Romanum; thin groundline; cloak flying behind him; he strikes the ground with a spear; the horse vainly tries to stop.

Type: Loeschcke I B; Bailey A group iii

Date: First half of first century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Southern Anatolia

Parallels: Fremersdorf 1922, p. 88, type 6 = Loeschcke IV (with further refs.); Leibundgut 1977, no. 245, pl. 44 (fr.); Goethert-Polaschek 1985, no. 110, pl. 27; Bailey BM II, Q 795, pl. 4, fig. 42; Mlasowsky 1993, p. 155, no. 133; (close) Bémont 2005, fig. 7.2; Cologne Museum, Wollman collection, inv. no. W 1234.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

106

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.45

Dimensions: L: 9.8 cm; W: 7.0 cm; H: 2.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Two thin cracks across discus and left shoulder; partly overpainted. Clay 7.5YR6/4 light brown, glaze 7.5YR5/4 brown.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Filling-hole below the groundline. Voluted angular-tipped nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Two maenads dancing; the left one is holding a tambourine in her right hand, and her left arm is extended; her companion’s drapery billows above and behind her; with her right hand she caresses a fawn raised on its hind legs.

Type: Loeschcke I B; Bailey A group iii

Date: Late Augustan to Early Flavian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: (Identical) Bochum Museum, Schüller Collection, cat. no. 28, S 639 (Tunisia); for a representation of the right maenad alone, see Williams 1981, no. 70, pl. 3, with refs.; Gualandi Genito 1986, p. 241, no. 76 (fr., with refs.); Bailey BM III, Q 2378, pl. 63; Goethert 1997, p. 211, no. 292, pl. 43, decor M 58; Bussière 2000, p. 251, no. 70, pl. 19, and p. 158, decor I.a.10 (21) (with further refs.).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

107

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.29

Dimensions: L: 10.1 cm; W: 7.6 cm; H: 2.4 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR7/3 very pale brown, glaze 7.5YR6/4 light brown, bottom burned.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Air hole on nozzle top. Voluted angular-tipped nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Two heavily armed gladiators fighting. Myrmillo on the right behind a long shield, wearing a crested helmet; Thrax on the left holding a sica; both wear greaves (ocreae) and have their sword-arm bound for protection (manicae); a trainer (lanista) between them, in tunic with laced boots. Below, in tabula ansata, the fighters’ names: SABINVS and POPILLIVS.

Type: Loeschcke I B; Bailey A group iii

Date: Late Augustan to Early Flavian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: Bartoli Santi and Bellori 1702, p. 22; Loeschcke 1919, p. 369, nos. 111–12, pl. IX (same decor but with inscription FVFIC in the tabula ansata), p. 370, no. 113, pl. 15 (with inscription identical to this lamp); a similar example signed FVFIC is in the Study Gallery at Cologne Museum; (identical) Boube 1977, p. 243, pl. XIII (Bab Zaër, Morocco); (close) Bailey BM II, pp. 51–52 (with further refs.), Q 960 (Loeschcke type V), fig. 55, which shows the same gladiators with their names but the lanista is absent; Bessi and Moncini 1980, no. 23, pl. 5 (signed ROMANESIS); Goethert-Polaschek 1985, no. 433, pl. 54, decor M85 (Loeschcke type IV); Djuric 1995, p. 41, no. C 104 (very close); Goethert 1997, p. 82, no. 52; Raselli-Nydegger 1998, no. 20, pl. 38; Morillo Cerdán 1999, no. 67, fig. 143, decor 45 (discus fr.); Bémont 2005, p. 164, fig. 12.3–6, and pp. 166–67 (with further refs.); Museum of Art and Archaeology, University of Missouri–Columbia, acc. no. 71.75 (fr. inscription only).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

108

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.438.19

Dimensions: L: 10.5 cm; W: 7.2 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR5/2 brown, glaze between 2.5YR4/4 and 2.5YR4/3 both reddish brown. Powdery gold mica.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form II a. Filling-hole between the discus figures; voluted triangular nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Two gladiators (hoplomachi) in plumed helmets, loincloths, and greaves; defeated gladiator kneeling on the right, victor on the left lifting up his round shield.

Type: Loeschcke I B; Bailey A group iii

Date: Late Augustan to Early Flavian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: Loeschcke I: Loeschcke, Willers, and Niessen 1911, no. 1769, pl. 71; Bernabò Brea and Cavalier 1965, no. 22, pl. 228; Oziol and Pouilloux 1969, nos. 117–28, pl. 3 (Salamis on Cyprus); Bessi and Moncini 1980, no. 17, pl. 4; Goethert-Polaschek 1985, p. 223, no. 152, pl. 31, decor M 91 (with further refs.); Loeschcke IV: Bessi and Moncini 1980, no. 26, pl. 5; Sternini 1998, pp. 32–33, no. L 8, fig. 8; Morillo Cerdán 1999, decor 77; Junkelmann 2000, fig. 187; Bémont 2005, fig. 6.1; Museum of Art and Archaeology, University of Missouri–Columbia, acc. no. 64.5.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

109

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.22

Dimensions: L: 9.6 cm; W: 6.8 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Broken into two pieces and restored. Clay 10YR7/3 very pale brown, glaze unevenly fired 5YR5/4 reddish brown (top).

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Filling-hole in lower part of the discus. Unpierced air hole on nozzle top. Voluted angular-tipped nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Planta pedis with illegible letters.

Discus Iconography: Herm in left profile with a hoop and a palm branch behind; vase on the left.

Type: Loeschcke I B; Bailey A group iii

Date: Late Augustan to Early Flavian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Perlzweig 1961, no. 49, pl. 3; Kricheldorf 1962, no. 82, pl. 10 (Loeschcke IV); Deneauve 1969, nos. 438–39, pl. 47; Moutinho Alarcão and Da Ponte 1976, no. 5, pl. 1 (Loeschcke IV); Cahn-Klaiber 1977, no. 182, pl. 17, discussion p. 91; Chrzanovski and Zhuravlev 1998, p. 62, no. 20 (Loeschcke V); Rodríguez Martín 2002, no. 179, pl. 34 (Loeschcke IV); Bochum Museum, Schüller Collection, cat. no. 31, S 618 (Tunisia) (Loeschcke I planta pedis).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

110

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.17

Dimensions: L: 9.2 cm; W: 6.7 cm; H: 2.1 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, glaze 2.5YR5/2 weak red.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Filling-hole in the right part of the discus. Voluted angular-tipped nozzle. Slightly raised base marked off by one circular groove. Planta pedis with illegible letters.

Discus Iconography: Winged Cupid standing frontally holding Hercules’ club in his right hand and a lionskin in his left; bush on left side.

Type: Loeschcke I B; Bailey A group iii

Date: Late Augustan to Early Flavian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Tunisia

Parallels: (Close) Oziol 1977, nos. 427–30, pl. 23 (Loeschcke IV); Bussière 2000, no. 60, pl. 18, decor I.b.1.(21) (with planta pedis) from Mauretania Tingitana.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

111

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.30

Dimensions: L: 10.0 cm; W: 7.2 cm; H: 2.4 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR7/3 very pale brown, glaze mostly 10YR6/4 light yellowish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Filling-hole in lower right center of discus. Small air hole on nozzle top. Voluted angular-tipped nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Nude satyr to left pounding in a mortar.

Type: Loeschcke I B; Bailey A group iii

Date: Ca. A.D. 50–80

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Bailey BM II, p. 145, Q 815–Q 816, pl. 6, fig. 15. Bailey refers to Jahrbuch des Deutschen Instituts 44, AA (1929), p. 25, fig. 19, and to Sidi Khrebish Benghazi Museum, inv. L 188; Rivet 2003, p. 144, no. 176.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

112

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.11

Dimensions: L: 10.0 cm; W: 7.1 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Tiny chips. Clay 2.5YR6/6 light red, uneven glaze, mostly same color. Lower left discus smudged.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Slightly damaged filling-hole in lower discus. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Voluted angular-tipped nozzle; burn marks. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Bust of Bacchus crowned with a vine wreath, holding a thyrsus in his left hand, a cantharus in his right. Behind him a leaping panther.

Type: Loeschcke I B; Bailey A group iii

Date: Late Augustan to Early Flavian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: Close to Bailey BM II, Q 812, pl. 5, fig. 13, with more refs.; Cahn-Klaiber 1977, p. 75, no. 247, pl. 24 (fr.); Bailey BM III, Q 2428, pl. 64 (Loeschcke IV Cyprus); Olcina, Reginard, and Sánchez 1990, p. 43, no. 38 (discus fr.); Morillo Cerdán 1999, no. 13, fig. 136 (discus fr.); Cologne Museum, Wollmann Collection, inv. W 1453 (Loeschcke IV).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Bodel and Tracy 1997, p. 15.

113

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.157

Dimensions: L: 7.6 cm; W: 5.1 cm; H: 2.4 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 2.5YR6/4 light reddish brown, traces of glaze 10YR5/6 yellowish brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Deep body. Small central filling-hole. Unpierced air hole at base of nozzle. Voluted angular-tipped nozzle with burn marks. Base marked off by circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Loeschcke I B; Bailey A group iii(?)

Date: Claudian to Flavian(?)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

114

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.438.25

Dimensions: L: 10.5 cm; W: 7.2 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR8/1 white, mottled glaze ranging from 10YR7/4 very pale brown to 10YR4/3 dark brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a var. Filling-hole in lower part of discus. Small air hole on top of voluted angular-tipped nozzle. Raised base-ring marked off by two grooves.

Discus Iconography: Scalloped shell.

Type: Loeschcke I B; Bailey A group iii

Date: Claudian to Flavian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Tunisia

Parallels: Brants 1913, no. 226, pl. 2.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

115

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.72

Dimensions: L: 11.1 cm; W: 6.8 cm; H: 3.0 cm

Condition and Fabric: Handle restored. Clay 10YR7/4 very pale brown, glaze 10YR5/2 grayish brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a var. Filling-hole on left side of discus. Voluted angular-tipped nozzle. Raised base-ring marked off by two circular grooves.

Discus Iconography: Mercury standing frontally, nude except for a cloak on his shoulders falling behind him; caduceus in left hand, purse in right; winged feet and petasus.

Type: Loeschcke I B; Bailey A group iii

Date: Claudian to Flavian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Loeschcke 1919, no. 2, pl. 4; Leibundgut 1977, p. 138, nos. 35–38, pl. 26, motif 36; Goethert-Polaschek 1985, no. 380, pl. 24; Di Filippo Balestrazzi 1988, vol. 2.2, no. 259, pl. 43, motif I.a.4.1; Antico Gallina and Condina 1990, no. 9, pl. 25; Hübinger 1993, no. 213, pl. 27; Larese and Sgreva 1996, no. 95; Morillo Cerdán 1999, no. 4 (discus fr.); Wilmet 2003, p. 243, fig. 6.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

116

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.89

Dimensions: L. 10.1; W. 6.3; H. 2.7

Condition and Fabric: Intact except for small crack at upper base of handle. Clay 5YR6/6 reddish yellow, glaze mostly 5YR5/6 yellowish red.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with median groove. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a var. Filling-hole in lower part of discus. Voluted angular-tipped nozzle with air hole at base; burn marks. Blurred raised base-ring.

Discus Iconography: Winged Victory sacrificing an animal.

Type: Loeschcke I B; Bailey A group iii

Date: Claudian to Flavian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: (Close) Gualandi Genito 1977, no. 228, pl. 34 (Loeschcke IV) (Bologna); (identical) Goethert-Polaschek 1985, no. 215, pl. 26; Heimerl 2001, no. 81, pl. 3 (Pergamon); Cologne Museum, inv. 29204 (Loeschcke type I) (from Spiesergasse, Cologne).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

Discussion: Goethert-Polaschek ( 1985), no. 215, clearly shows the wings of the goddess; Gualandi Genito (1977) prefers to see a male figure, although the Bologna lamp also clearly shows the wings of the goddess (see refs. in parallels). A gem (LIMC 6.2, p. 282, no. 144, s.v. Mercurius) has a fairly similar animal, interpreted as a ram.

117

Inventory Number: 81.AQ.112.1

Dimensions: L: 12.2 cm; W: 7.8 cm; H: 3.0 cm

Condition and Fabric: Ring handle broken off. Clay 5YR7/6 reddish yellow, glaze 10R5/6 red. Mica.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a var. Filling-hole in lower part of discus. Voluted angular-tipped nozzle; burn marks. Raised base-ring.

Discus Iconography: Scalloped shell.

Type: Loeschcke I B; Bailey A group ii

Date: Claudian to Flavian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Italy

Parallels: (Close) Bailey BM II, p. 85, fig. 9.

Provenance: – 1981, Robert L. Lawson, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1981.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

118

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.438.397

Dimensions: L: 10.0 cm; W: 7.3 cm; H: 2.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact except for small crack on lower right discus. Clay 10YR7/2 light gray, slip mostly 10YR6/1 gray, top near 10R6/4 light red. Gold mica.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII b. Filling-hole in lower field. Raised base-ring marked off by two grooves.

Discus Iconography: Erotic scene on a bed, woman on all fours bending to right, man kneeling behind her, bracing himself with right arm on bed, left hand on the woman’s back.

Type: Loeschcke I B; Bailey A group iv

Date: Last third of first century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: Deneauve 1969, p. 117, no. 337, pl. 39; Bailey BM II, Q 835, pl. 7, fig. 69 (with further refs.); Bonnet and Delplace 1989, p. 40, no. 19 (Saint-Bertrand-de-Comminges); Casas Genover and Soler Fusté 2006, no. G 631, pl. 38; identical lamp in the Study Gallery at Cologne Museum.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

III.A.b.a Bailey type A group ii

85

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.1

Dimensions: L: 11.1 cm; W: 7.9 cm; H: 2.9 cm

Condition and Fabric: Clay 7.5YR7/2 pinkish gray, uneven glaze, mostly 7.5YR5/2 brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Intact. Inward-sloping shoulder with five rills. Off-center filling-hole. Air hole on nozzle top unexpectedly large and rectangular. Splayed angular nozzle with volutes and prominent volute-spines. Three concentric base-rings. Illegible potter’s mark in relief.

Discus Iconography: Relief of half-nude tipsy Silenus sitting on a mule, holding in his left hand a thyrsus resting on his shoulder; animal skin hanging from the thyrsus; a jug of wine is in his right hand.

Type: Loeschcke I B; Bailey A group ii

Date: Augustan to Tiberian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

86

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.5

Dimensions: L: 11.2 cm; W: 8.1 cm; H: 3.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Left shoulder chipped. Clay 7.5YR7/2 pinkish gray, mottled remains of glaze 5YR 4/1 dark gray.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Inward-sloping shoulder with six rills. Splayed angle-tipped nozzle with volutes and prominent volute-spines. Slightly raised base-ring marked off by two circular grooves.

Discus Iconography: Ulysses, at left, wearing a tunic and a pointed cap, holding out a cup of wine to Polyphemus, at right; the giant, sitting on a rock, is grasping the body of a dead sailor in his left hand.

Type: Loeschcke I B; Bailey A group ii

Date: Augustan to Tiberian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: Loeschcke, Willers, and Niessen 1911, no. 1821, pl. 80 (Loeschcke IV); numerous refs. in Bailey BM II, p. 36, and Bussière 2000, p. 173, decor I.d.2.(1); Kirsch 2002, no. 112, pl. 10 (Loeschcke IV); Casas Genover and Soler Fusté 2006, pl. 32, no. G 477 (fr.). Polyphemus is occasionally represented alone (e.g., Heres 1972, no. 620, pl. 64; Robin Petitot 2000, p. 55, no. 84).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

III.A.b.b Bailey type A group iii

87

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.40

Dimensions: L: 10.0 cm; W: 7.3 cm; H: 3.0 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR6/8 reddish yellow, mottled glaze 2.5YR5/4 reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Inward-sloping shoulder with three rills. Central filling-hole. Voluted angular-tipped nozzle; burn marks. Raised base-ring marked off by two circular grooves.

Discus Iconography: Two nude pugilists fighting with gloves (cesti); the left one has the upper hand.

Type: Loeschcke I B; Bailey A group iii

Date: Augustan to Tiberian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: None found. For other representations of pugilists, see Bailey BM II, pp. 59–60, III (e) I; Bussière 2000, p. 188, decor II.d.6.(4).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

88

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.13

Dimensions: L: 10.0 cm; W: 7.3 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR5/8 yellowish brown, glaze 5YR5/2 reddish gray, with some darkened areas on lower half.

Description: Moldmade from plaster mold. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a var. Filling-hole in right lower field. Voluted angular-tipped nozzle; burn marks. Raised base-ring marked off by two circular grooves.

Discus Iconography: Winged Cupid to right carrying a trident on his left shoulder, a twisted, hooked dolphin around its staff; his left leg is lifted, his raised right hand is holding an undetermined object.

Type: Loeschcke I B; Bailey A group iii

Date: Claudian to Early Flavian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: (Identical) Loeschcke 1919, no. 17, pl. 5; Fremersdorf 1942, no. 3, pl. 25; Bernabò Brea and Cavalier 1965, no. 19, pl. 218; Oziol 1977, no. 480, pl. 25; Leibundgut 1977, p. 146, no. 154, motif 76, pl. 29; Goethert-Polaschek 1985, no. 224, pl. 23; Heimerl 2001, no. 22, motif M.1–2 (Pergamon); Morillo Cerdán 2003b, p. 92, no. 3, pl. III.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

89

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.14

Dimensions: L: 9.1 cm; W: 6.9 cm; H: 3.0 cm

Condition and Fabric: Clay near 5YR 6/4 light reddish brown, glaze mostly 10R5/6 red.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Intact. Inward-sloping shoulder with three rills. Filling-hole lower right. Tiny unpierced air hole on top of voluted angular-tipped nozzle. Raised base-ring marked off by two circular grooves.

Discus Iconography: Two fighting gladiators (Thraces); the left one has dropped his small rectangular shield, the right one is attacking, raising his shield to protect his face; each wears loincloth, crested helmet, and greaves.

Type: Loeschcke I B; Bailey A group iii

Date: Augustan to Tiberian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: Bémont 2005, p. 159, no. 5, fig. 10, who refers to Cazes and Landes 1987, fig. 32, Nimes Museum.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

Discussion: Round sunken mark left by the mold in the center of the discus may indicate where the potter first intended to place the filling-hole; it was moved off center in order not to spoil the decor.

90

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.471

Dimensions: L: 12.2 cm; W: 7.5 cm; H: 3.1 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR6/4 light reddish brown, very faint traces of glaze 2.5YR6/6 light red.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ribbon handle with median groove all around. Flat shoulder with three rills. Small central filling-hole surrounded by a thin outer ring and a wider inner one. Splayed angle-tipped nozzle with volutes and prominent volute-spines. Raised base-ring with a slightly concave interior.

Discus Iconography: Three sea monsters alternating with three conch shells (Triton trumpets).

Type: Loeschcke I B; Bailey A group iii

Date: Augustan to Tiberian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Central Anatolia

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

91

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.558

Dimensions: L: 10.5 cm; W: 7.3 cm; H: 2.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: A few surface chips. Clay 10YR6/3 pale brown, uneven glaze mostly 10YR3/2 very dark grayish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Inward-sloping shoulder with five rills. Unusually deep discus. Filling-hole in the lower part of discus. Splayed, angle-tipped volute-nozzle. Raised base-ring marked off by two circular grooves and a circular thin inner ridge. Workshop mark: letter A.

Discus Iconography: Lion (to right, head frontal) attacking a mule; the lion’s right foreleg laid across the mule’s belly.

Type: Loeschcke I B; Bailey A group iii

Date: Augustan to Tiberian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Unknown

Parallels: Ponsich 1961, no. 114, pl. 11 (fr.); Vegas 1966a, no. 96/124/222, pl. 8 (Novaesium); Lyster 1970, fig. 6.17 (Loeschcke IV); Heres 1972, no. 136, pl. 18 (Loeschcke IV); Leibundgut 1977, p. 177, nos. 270–71, motif 274, pl. 46 (Loeschcke IV); Rosenthal and Sivan 1978, p. 25, no. 70, and p. 35, no. 131; Goethert-Polaschek 1985, M 169; Bailey BM II Q 866, pp. 161–62, pl. 11, fig. 75, with further refs. pp. 72–73; Hellmann 1985, pp. 8–9, no. 5; (close) Mlasowsky 1993, p. 205, no. 191 (Loeschcke IV); Morillo Cerdán 1999, nos. 226–28, motif 109; Bussière 2000, p. 196, III.a.1.(24) (with further refs.); Rodríguez Martín 2002, no. 208, pl. 39 (Loeschcke IV); (close) Bémont 2002, p. 88, D101 (no. 365); Moscara 2003, no. V.9, fig. 3; Chrzanovski 2006, p. 72, no. 91; Pace 2008, p. 18; Bochum Museum, Schüller Collection, cat. no. 92, S 730.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Galerie Günter Puhze 1983, no. 235.

92

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.35

Dimensions: L: 11.1 cm; W: 8.1 cm; H: 2.9 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, mottled glaze mostly 5YR6/6 reddish yellow.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Shoulder: Loeschcke form I. Filling-hole in lower left field; small air hole at bottom. Volute-nozzle with angular tip and prominent volute-spines; burn marks. Raised base-ring marked off by two circular grooves.

Discus Iconography: Standing Bacchus, nude except for a loin string. His left arm embraces the shoulder of a youth, whose left hand is holding a thyrsus with streamers; Bacchus’s right hand is pouring from a cantharus to a small panther at his feet.

Type: Loeschcke I B; Bailey A group iii

Date: Augustan to Tiberian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Southern Anatolia

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

93

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.15

Dimensions: L: 9.8 cm; W: 6.9 cm; H: 3.0 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, glaze varying from 2.5YR6/6 light red to 7.5YR5/2 brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Shoulder: Loeschcke form I. Central filling-hole; small air hole in lower part of shoulder molding. Voluted angular-tipped nozzle with unusual junction between the volutes near the wick-hole. Raised base-ring marked off by two circular grooves.

Discus Iconography: Gladiatorial equipment: two pairs of greaves (ocreae) and two swords (sicae).

Type: Loeschcke I B; Bailey A group iii

Date: Augustan to Tiberian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: (Close) Heres 1972, no. 33, pl. 7; Vikić-Belančić 1976, no. 6, pl. 8; Bailey BM II, p. 55, Q 764, fig. 57 (with further refs.); (identical) Bussière 2000, no. 40, pl. 17, decor II.c.2.(1); Casas Genover and Soler Fusté 2006, no. G 270, pl. 20; Svoboda 2006, p. 55, no. 50.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

94

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.24

Dimensions: L: 10.1 cm; W: 8.0 cm; H: 3.0 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, uneven glaze varying from 2.5YR6/6 to 2.5YR4/4 light red to reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Shoulder: Loeschcke form I. Shoulder separated from the narrow flat-bottomed central discus area by a garland. Filling-hole surrounded by three ridges. Small air hole in front of the angular-tipped volute-nozzle. Stamped ovolo underneath the nozzle. Raised base-ring marked off by two circular grooves. Potter’s mark: C[–] I F(?). There seem to be four letters in slight relief. Under the base-ring a workshop mark stamped in the mold: an ovolo.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Garland of acanthus leaves and lotus flowers.

Type: Loeschcke I B; Bailey type A group iii

Date: Augustan to Tiberian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Oziol 1977, no. 170, pl. 10; Farka 1977, no. 742, pl. 49; Di Filippo Balestrazzi 1988, vol. 2.2, no. 853, pl. 132, motif IV.c.2; Bussière 2000, no. 584, pl. 45 (fr.), decor IV.a.4.(2).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

95

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.2

Dimensions: L: 11.6 cm; W: 8.5 cm; H: 2.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Clay 5YR6/4 light reddish brown, glaze 5YR5/2 reddish gray, darker in spots.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Intact. Shoulder: Loeschcke form II a. Filling-hole in lower discus. Volute-nozzle with angular tip. Raised base-ring marked off by two circular grooves.

Discus Iconography: Rider with a military cloak floating behind him is halting his galloping horse by a mark on the ground; he looks around at a high post fixed in the ground behind him; on top of the post a circular bulging platform with a spirally formed curved structure; the man’s right arm is outstretched, and two small balls are distinctly visible between his fingers; his left hand is holding both the reins and the handle of a basket, which probably contains more balls; a ribbon twisted around his forearm denotes a victor in an athletic contest.

Type: Loeschcke I B; Bailey A group iii

Date: Augustan to Tiberian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: Similar decor on an ornament handle of a lamp of Loeschcke type IV in Ephesos I, p. 177, fig. 108; Pollak 1906, no. 362, pl. 22; Vorberg 1932, p. 149; see also a different discus decor that might have inspired that of this lamp: Heres 1972, p. 36, no. 132, pl. 17, and no. 529, pl. 57; Leibundgut 1977, pp. 158–59, no. 427, motif 152, pl. 35; Hellmann 1985, pp. 12–13, no. 9; Fitch and Goldman 1994, no. 468, pl. 4. For a study of the decor of this lamp, see Bussière 2013.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

Discussion:
The scene on the discus may be interpreted as a game or as a skill exercise consisting of introducing as many balls as possible into the spiral groove before the horse’s forelegs touch the ground again.

An ornament handle of a two-nozzled lamp found in Ephesus shows a similar decor. The structure on the post has been interpreted by Zahn as a sundial, and the gesture of the rider’s right hand is supposed to indicate the time (Heres 1972, p. 36, quoting Zahn). Such a reading does not account for the two small balls between the man’s thumb and forefinger.

96

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.49

Dimensions: L: 10.4 cm; W: 7.5 cm; H: 2.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: Cracks on discus. Clay near 10YR5/2 grayish brown, glaze burned 5YR3/1 very dark gray.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Shoulder: Loeschcke form II a. Filling-hole almost centered; small air hole above the voluted angular-tipped nozzle. Raised base-ring marked off by two circular grooves.

Discus Iconography: Half-nude man with hunting spear, mantle flowing from his shoulders, is rushing bent to left, accompanied by a mastiff below.

Type: Loeschcke I B; Bailey A group iii

Date: Augustan to Tiberian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Southern Anatolia

Parallels: Loeschcke 1919, no. 102, pl. IX; Deneauve 1969, no. 686, pl. 67 (fr.); Gechter 1979, fig. 18.3; Bussière 2000, p. 249, no. 21, pl. 15 (from a different mold), and p. 179, decor II.a.3.(9) with more comparanda.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

97

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.537

Dimensions: L: 9.5 cm; W: 6.8 cm; H: 2.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 2.5Y8/2 white, glaze very worn, originally mostly 10YR4/2 dark grayish brown. Incrustations.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Shoulder: Loeschcke form II a. Filling-hole in lower part of the discus. Voluted angular-tipped nozzle. Raised base-ring marked off by two circular grooves.

Discus Iconography: Erotic scene with two lovers on a bed; the woman on the right is crouching on all fours; the man is kneeling behind her with his left hand on her back.

Type: Loeschcke I B; Bailey A group iii

Date: Augustan to Tiberian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Unknown

Parallels: Bailey BM II, Q 835, pl. 7, similar but with rounded shoulder (see p. 66 for further refs.); Goethert-Polaschek 1985, no. 127, pl. 35, decor M130; Bussière 2000, p. 262, no. 327, decor II.f.2.(7) (with further refs.).

Provenance: Before 1982, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); by 1982–1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Galerie Günter Puhze 1982, no. 258.

98

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.26

Dimensions: L: 10.0 cm; W: 7.0 cm; H: 2.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: Clay 7.5YR6/4 light brown, glaze much burned, originally 10YR4/2 dark grayish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Intact. Shoulder: Loeschcke form II b. Filling-hole slightly to right with remains of corroded iron wick-nail. Voluted angular-tipped nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Draped and winged Victory standing to left, holding a shield inscribed OB CIIVIS SER[VATOS] (for having saved the citizens).

Type: Loeschcke I B; Bailey A group iii

Date: Late Augustan to Early Flavian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: Bailey BM II, pp. 26–28, fig. 22 (with further refs.); Hayes 1980, p. 61, no. 267; Goethert-Polaschek 1985, no. 96, pl. 26; Hellmann 1985, p. 6, no. 3; Amaré Tafalla 1988, p. 70, fig. 111; Olcina, Reginard, and Sánchez 1990, p. 30, no. 18 (fr.) (Tossal de Manises); LIMC 8.2, p. 178, no. 171, s.v. Victoria; Bussière 2000, p. 167, decor I.b.9.(5); Rodríguez Martín 2002, no. 87, pl. 19 (Loeschcke IV); Rivet 2003, p. 136, nos. 113–14; Hanotte 2005, pl. 64, fig. 7.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Bodel and Tracy 1997, p. 15.

99

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.27

Dimensions: L: 10.0 cm; W: 7.2 cm; H: 2.4 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR7/3 very pale brown, glaze shifting from 10YR4/2 to 10YR4/3 dark grayish brown to dark brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Filling-hole in lower field with corroded iron wick-nail fr. Voluted angular-tipped nozzle. Raised base-ring marked off by two circular grooves. Planta pedis without letters(?).

Discus Iconography: Mercury walking to left, nude except for loin-string and himation folded around his left arm; he wears a round-brimmed petasus, holds a caduceus in his left hand, a purse with three strings in his right.

Type: Loeschcke I B; Bailey A group iii

Date: Late Augustan to Early Flavian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Goldman et al. 1950, no. 409, pl. 111 (Tarsus); Vegas 1966a, nos. 217–18, pl. 6 (Novaesium); Leibundgut 1977, p. 139, no. 397, motif 40, pl. 26 (fr.); Raselli-Nydegger 1998, no. 22, pl. 38.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Sofroniew 2015, p. 3, fig. 3.

100

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.34

Dimensions: L: 11.1 cm; W: 8.2 cm; H: 2.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR7/3 very pale brown, mottled glaze 7.5YR5/4 brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Filling-hole in lower left part of discus. Small rectangular air hole above triangular voluted nozzle with burn marks. Raised base-ring marked off by two circular grooves.

Discus Iconography: Winged frontal Cupid with lit torch pointing down; mantle floating behind his back.

Type: Loeschcke I B; Bailey A group iii

Date: First half of first century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: None found. For the same subject treated differently, see Bussière 2000, p. 160, decor I.b.1.(7).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

101

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.28

Dimensions: L: 10.0 cm; W: 7.2 cm; H: 2.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR8/2 white, mottled glaze between 7.5YR5/2 and 7.5YR4/2 brown and dark brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Filling-hole in lower field. Voluted angular-tipped nozzle. Raised base-ring marked off by two circular grooves. Plain planta pedis on the side of which are three big letters in thin relief (barbotine): N A T.

Discus Iconography: Bacchic scene, Centaur to right drinking from a wine cup; amphora behind his back.

Type: Loeschcke I B; Bailey A group iii

Date: First half of first century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: Lerat 1954, no. 56, pl. 7; (close) Ponsich 1961, no. 53, pl. 6; Mercando 1962, pl. 8.2 (ribbed amphora); Brentchaloff 1972, no. 39, pl. 4, Clermont Museum, inv. 56.465.121; (close) Heres 1972, no. 615, pl. 63 (fr.); Broneer 1977, no. 2527, pl. 28, (fr.); Goethert-Polaschek 1985, no. 378, pl. 27; Kirsch 2002, no. 73, pl. 7; Bochum Museum, Schüller Collection, cat. no. 24, S 632 (Loeschcke I) (Anatolia).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

102

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.23

Dimensions: L: 9.9 cm; W: 7.3 cm; H: 3.0 cm

Condition and Fabric: Left side of shoulder slightly chipped. Clay 10YR7/2 light gray, glaze 7.5YR5/2 to 7.5YR5/4 brown, two medium shades.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Molding of three circular ridges around the central filling-hole. Voluted angular-tipped nozzle. Raised base-ring marked off by two grooves and partially misshaped and sunken.

Discus Iconography: Circular display of military equipment.

Type: Loeschcke I B; Bailey A group iii

Date: First half of first century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: (Close) Rosenthal and Sivan 1978, p. 24, no. 68; (identical) Bessi and Moncini 1980, no. 58, pl. 8; Hübinger 1993, no. 212, pl. 27 (with further refs.).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

103

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.21

Dimensions: L: 10.0 cm; W: 7.3 cm; H: 2.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, uneven glaze, between 2.5YR5/6 red (top) and 5YR5/4 red of browner shade (bottom).

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Filling-hole below center. Voluted angular-tipped nozzle with burn marks. Raised base-ring marked off by two grooves.

Discus Iconography: Stand of seven lap-counting dolphins, consisting of two twisted columns erected within a rectangle marked on the ground; hanging garlands.

Type: Loeschcke I B; Bailey A group iii

Date: First half of first century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Deneauve 1969, no. 330, pl. 39; Leibundgut 1977, p. 173, no. 257, motif 255, pl. 44; Skinkel-Taupin 1980, no. 24a (Loeschcke IV); Barbieri 1994, no. 20, fig. 2 (fr.); Bussière 2000, no. 76, pl. 19, decor II.d.1.(2) (with further refs.).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

104

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.18

Dimensions: L: 10.0 cm; W: 7.3 cm; H: 2.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR7/3 very pale brown, glaze unevenly applied and partly burned, varying from 2.5YR6/8 light red to 10YR4/2 dark grayish brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Filling-hole in lower discus. Voluted angular-tipped nozzle. Raised base-ring; within it on the lower part two short parallel lines in relief.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Desultor wearing a pointed hat and trousers with rolled waistband galloping to left, leading another horse on his right; he whips the horse’s hindquarters with a stick in his left hand.

Type: Loeschcke I B; Bailey A group iii

Date: First half of first century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Brants 1913, no. 317, pl. 3; Perlzweig 1961, no. 99, pl. 4 (Loeschcke IV); Heres 1972, no. 180, pl. 23 (Loeschcke IV), and no. 530, pl. 37; Leibundgut 1977, p. 172, no. 255, motif 248, pl. 44; Bailey BM II, p. 59, Q 830, fig. 62 (with further refs.); Bessi and Moncini 1980, no. 8, pl. 3 (Loeschcke IV); Goethert-Polaschek 1985, p. 187, no. 84, pl. 33, decor M123; Bergès 1989, no. 452, fig. 46; Accorona, di Maio, and Garcea 1996, no. 22, pl. 8 (Pozzuoli); Sussman 2008, p. 267, no. 39 (Loeschcke I).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

105

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.438.38

Dimensions: L: 10.3 cm; W: 7.4 cm; H: 2.4 cm

Condition and Fabric: Fine crack on nozzle; partly overpainted. Clay near 7.5YR6/4 reddish yellow, glaze 10YR5/1 gray (bottom), 10YR3/1 very dark gray (top).

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Filling-hole below the horse; air hole on nozzle. Voluted angular-tipped nozzle. Raised base-ring marked off by two grooves.

Discus Iconography: Marcus Curtius with helmet, cuirass, tunic, and round shield leaping to left on his horse into the chasm in the Forum Romanum; thin groundline; cloak flying behind him; he strikes the ground with a spear; the horse vainly tries to stop.

Type: Loeschcke I B; Bailey A group iii

Date: First half of first century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Southern Anatolia

Parallels: Fremersdorf 1922, p. 88, type 6 = Loeschcke IV (with further refs.); Leibundgut 1977, no. 245, pl. 44 (fr.); Goethert-Polaschek 1985, no. 110, pl. 27; Bailey BM II, Q 795, pl. 4, fig. 42; Mlasowsky 1993, p. 155, no. 133; (close) Bémont 2005, fig. 7.2; Cologne Museum, Wollman collection, inv. no. W 1234.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

106

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.45

Dimensions: L: 9.8 cm; W: 7.0 cm; H: 2.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Two thin cracks across discus and left shoulder; partly overpainted. Clay 7.5YR6/4 light brown, glaze 7.5YR5/4 brown.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Filling-hole below the groundline. Voluted angular-tipped nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Two maenads dancing; the left one is holding a tambourine in her right hand, and her left arm is extended; her companion’s drapery billows above and behind her; with her right hand she caresses a fawn raised on its hind legs.

Type: Loeschcke I B; Bailey A group iii

Date: Late Augustan to Early Flavian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: (Identical) Bochum Museum, Schüller Collection, cat. no. 28, S 639 (Tunisia); for a representation of the right maenad alone, see Williams 1981, no. 70, pl. 3, with refs.; Gualandi Genito 1986, p. 241, no. 76 (fr., with refs.); Bailey BM III, Q 2378, pl. 63; Goethert 1997, p. 211, no. 292, pl. 43, decor M 58; Bussière 2000, p. 251, no. 70, pl. 19, and p. 158, decor I.a.10 (21) (with further refs.).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

107

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.29

Dimensions: L: 10.1 cm; W: 7.6 cm; H: 2.4 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR7/3 very pale brown, glaze 7.5YR6/4 light brown, bottom burned.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Air hole on nozzle top. Voluted angular-tipped nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Two heavily armed gladiators fighting. Myrmillo on the right behind a long shield, wearing a crested helmet; Thrax on the left holding a sica; both wear greaves (ocreae) and have their sword-arm bound for protection (manicae); a trainer (lanista) between them, in tunic with laced boots. Below, in tabula ansata, the fighters’ names: SABINVS and POPILLIVS.

Type: Loeschcke I B; Bailey A group iii

Date: Late Augustan to Early Flavian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: Bartoli Santi and Bellori 1702, p. 22; Loeschcke 1919, p. 369, nos. 111–12, pl. IX (same decor but with inscription FVFIC in the tabula ansata), p. 370, no. 113, pl. 15 (with inscription identical to this lamp); a similar example signed FVFIC is in the Study Gallery at Cologne Museum; (identical) Boube 1977, p. 243, pl. XIII (Bab Zaër, Morocco); (close) Bailey BM II, pp. 51–52 (with further refs.), Q 960 (Loeschcke type V), fig. 55, which shows the same gladiators with their names but the lanista is absent; Bessi and Moncini 1980, no. 23, pl. 5 (signed ROMANESIS); Goethert-Polaschek 1985, no. 433, pl. 54, decor M85 (Loeschcke type IV); Djuric 1995, p. 41, no. C 104 (very close); Goethert 1997, p. 82, no. 52; Raselli-Nydegger 1998, no. 20, pl. 38; Morillo Cerdán 1999, no. 67, fig. 143, decor 45 (discus fr.); Bémont 2005, p. 164, fig. 12.3–6, and pp. 166–67 (with further refs.); Museum of Art and Archaeology, University of Missouri–Columbia, acc. no. 71.75 (fr. inscription only).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

108

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.438.19

Dimensions: L: 10.5 cm; W: 7.2 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR5/2 brown, glaze between 2.5YR4/4 and 2.5YR4/3 both reddish brown. Powdery gold mica.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form II a. Filling-hole between the discus figures; voluted triangular nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Two gladiators (hoplomachi) in plumed helmets, loincloths, and greaves; defeated gladiator kneeling on the right, victor on the left lifting up his round shield.

Type: Loeschcke I B; Bailey A group iii

Date: Late Augustan to Early Flavian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: Loeschcke I: Loeschcke, Willers, and Niessen 1911, no. 1769, pl. 71; Bernabò Brea and Cavalier 1965, no. 22, pl. 228; Oziol and Pouilloux 1969, nos. 117–28, pl. 3 (Salamis on Cyprus); Bessi and Moncini 1980, no. 17, pl. 4; Goethert-Polaschek 1985, p. 223, no. 152, pl. 31, decor M 91 (with further refs.); Loeschcke IV: Bessi and Moncini 1980, no. 26, pl. 5; Sternini 1998, pp. 32–33, no. L 8, fig. 8; Morillo Cerdán 1999, decor 77; Junkelmann 2000, fig. 187; Bémont 2005, fig. 6.1; Museum of Art and Archaeology, University of Missouri–Columbia, acc. no. 64.5.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

109

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.22

Dimensions: L: 9.6 cm; W: 6.8 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Broken into two pieces and restored. Clay 10YR7/3 very pale brown, glaze unevenly fired 5YR5/4 reddish brown (top).

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Filling-hole in lower part of the discus. Unpierced air hole on nozzle top. Voluted angular-tipped nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Planta pedis with illegible letters.

Discus Iconography: Herm in left profile with a hoop and a palm branch behind; vase on the left.

Type: Loeschcke I B; Bailey A group iii

Date: Late Augustan to Early Flavian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Perlzweig 1961, no. 49, pl. 3; Kricheldorf 1962, no. 82, pl. 10 (Loeschcke IV); Deneauve 1969, nos. 438–39, pl. 47; Moutinho Alarcão and Da Ponte 1976, no. 5, pl. 1 (Loeschcke IV); Cahn-Klaiber 1977, no. 182, pl. 17, discussion p. 91; Chrzanovski and Zhuravlev 1998, p. 62, no. 20 (Loeschcke V); Rodríguez Martín 2002, no. 179, pl. 34 (Loeschcke IV); Bochum Museum, Schüller Collection, cat. no. 31, S 618 (Tunisia) (Loeschcke I planta pedis).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

110

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.17

Dimensions: L: 9.2 cm; W: 6.7 cm; H: 2.1 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, glaze 2.5YR5/2 weak red.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Filling-hole in the right part of the discus. Voluted angular-tipped nozzle. Slightly raised base marked off by one circular groove. Planta pedis with illegible letters.

Discus Iconography: Winged Cupid standing frontally holding Hercules’ club in his right hand and a lionskin in his left; bush on left side.

Type: Loeschcke I B; Bailey A group iii

Date: Late Augustan to Early Flavian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Tunisia

Parallels: (Close) Oziol 1977, nos. 427–30, pl. 23 (Loeschcke IV); Bussière 2000, no. 60, pl. 18, decor I.b.1.(21) (with planta pedis) from Mauretania Tingitana.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

111

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.30

Dimensions: L: 10.0 cm; W: 7.2 cm; H: 2.4 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR7/3 very pale brown, glaze mostly 10YR6/4 light yellowish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Filling-hole in lower right center of discus. Small air hole on nozzle top. Voluted angular-tipped nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Nude satyr to left pounding in a mortar.

Type: Loeschcke I B; Bailey A group iii

Date: Ca. A.D. 50–80

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Bailey BM II, p. 145, Q 815–Q 816, pl. 6, fig. 15. Bailey refers to Jahrbuch des Deutschen Instituts 44, AA (1929), p. 25, fig. 19, and to Sidi Khrebish Benghazi Museum, inv. L 188; Rivet 2003, p. 144, no. 176.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

112

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.11

Dimensions: L: 10.0 cm; W: 7.1 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Tiny chips. Clay 2.5YR6/6 light red, uneven glaze, mostly same color. Lower left discus smudged.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Slightly damaged filling-hole in lower discus. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Voluted angular-tipped nozzle; burn marks. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Bust of Bacchus crowned with a vine wreath, holding a thyrsus in his left hand, a cantharus in his right. Behind him a leaping panther.

Type: Loeschcke I B; Bailey A group iii

Date: Late Augustan to Early Flavian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: Close to Bailey BM II, Q 812, pl. 5, fig. 13, with more refs.; Cahn-Klaiber 1977, p. 75, no. 247, pl. 24 (fr.); Bailey BM III, Q 2428, pl. 64 (Loeschcke IV Cyprus); Olcina, Reginard, and Sánchez 1990, p. 43, no. 38 (discus fr.); Morillo Cerdán 1999, no. 13, fig. 136 (discus fr.); Cologne Museum, Wollmann Collection, inv. W 1453 (Loeschcke IV).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Bodel and Tracy 1997, p. 15.

113

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.157

Dimensions: L: 7.6 cm; W: 5.1 cm; H: 2.4 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 2.5YR6/4 light reddish brown, traces of glaze 10YR5/6 yellowish brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Deep body. Small central filling-hole. Unpierced air hole at base of nozzle. Voluted angular-tipped nozzle with burn marks. Base marked off by circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Loeschcke I B; Bailey A group iii(?)

Date: Claudian to Flavian(?)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

114

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.438.25

Dimensions: L: 10.5 cm; W: 7.2 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR8/1 white, mottled glaze ranging from 10YR7/4 very pale brown to 10YR4/3 dark brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a var. Filling-hole in lower part of discus. Small air hole on top of voluted angular-tipped nozzle. Raised base-ring marked off by two grooves.

Discus Iconography: Scalloped shell.

Type: Loeschcke I B; Bailey A group iii

Date: Claudian to Flavian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Tunisia

Parallels: Brants 1913, no. 226, pl. 2.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

115

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.72

Dimensions: L: 11.1 cm; W: 6.8 cm; H: 3.0 cm

Condition and Fabric: Handle restored. Clay 10YR7/4 very pale brown, glaze 10YR5/2 grayish brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a var. Filling-hole on left side of discus. Voluted angular-tipped nozzle. Raised base-ring marked off by two circular grooves.

Discus Iconography: Mercury standing frontally, nude except for a cloak on his shoulders falling behind him; caduceus in left hand, purse in right; winged feet and petasus.

Type: Loeschcke I B; Bailey A group iii

Date: Claudian to Flavian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Loeschcke 1919, no. 2, pl. 4; Leibundgut 1977, p. 138, nos. 35–38, pl. 26, motif 36; Goethert-Polaschek 1985, no. 380, pl. 24; Di Filippo Balestrazzi 1988, vol. 2.2, no. 259, pl. 43, motif I.a.4.1; Antico Gallina and Condina 1990, no. 9, pl. 25; Hübinger 1993, no. 213, pl. 27; Larese and Sgreva 1996, no. 95; Morillo Cerdán 1999, no. 4 (discus fr.); Wilmet 2003, p. 243, fig. 6.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

116

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.89

Dimensions: L. 10.1; W. 6.3; H. 2.7

Condition and Fabric: Intact except for small crack at upper base of handle. Clay 5YR6/6 reddish yellow, glaze mostly 5YR5/6 yellowish red.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with median groove. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a var. Filling-hole in lower part of discus. Voluted angular-tipped nozzle with air hole at base; burn marks. Blurred raised base-ring.

Discus Iconography: Winged Victory sacrificing an animal.

Type: Loeschcke I B; Bailey A group iii

Date: Claudian to Flavian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: (Close) Gualandi Genito 1977, no. 228, pl. 34 (Loeschcke IV) (Bologna); (identical) Goethert-Polaschek 1985, no. 215, pl. 26; Heimerl 2001, no. 81, pl. 3 (Pergamon); Cologne Museum, inv. 29204 (Loeschcke type I) (from Spiesergasse, Cologne).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

Discussion: Goethert-Polaschek ( 1985), no. 215, clearly shows the wings of the goddess; Gualandi Genito (1977) prefers to see a male figure, although the Bologna lamp also clearly shows the wings of the goddess (see refs. in parallels). A gem (LIMC 6.2, p. 282, no. 144, s.v. Mercurius) has a fairly similar animal, interpreted as a ram.

117

Inventory Number: 81.AQ.112.1

Dimensions: L: 12.2 cm; W: 7.8 cm; H: 3.0 cm

Condition and Fabric: Ring handle broken off. Clay 5YR7/6 reddish yellow, glaze 10R5/6 red. Mica.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a var. Filling-hole in lower part of discus. Voluted angular-tipped nozzle; burn marks. Raised base-ring.

Discus Iconography: Scalloped shell.

Type: Loeschcke I B; Bailey A group ii

Date: Claudian to Flavian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Italy

Parallels: (Close) Bailey BM II, p. 85, fig. 9.

Provenance: – 1981, Robert L. Lawson, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1981.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

III.A.b.c Bailey type A group iv

118

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.438.397

Dimensions: L: 10.0 cm; W: 7.3 cm; H: 2.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact except for small crack on lower right discus. Clay 10YR7/2 light gray, slip mostly 10YR6/1 gray, top near 10R6/4 light red. Gold mica.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII b. Filling-hole in lower field. Raised base-ring marked off by two grooves.

Discus Iconography: Erotic scene on a bed, woman on all fours bending to right, man kneeling behind her, bracing himself with right arm on bed, left hand on the woman’s back.

Type: Loeschcke I B; Bailey A group iv

Date: Last third of first century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: Deneauve 1969, p. 117, no. 337, pl. 39; Bailey BM II, Q 835, pl. 7, fig. 69 (with further refs.); Bonnet and Delplace 1989, p. 40, no. 19 (Saint-Bertrand-de-Comminges); Casas Genover and Soler Fusté 2006, no. G 631, pl. 38; identical lamp in the Study Gallery at Cologne Museum.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

III.A.b.1.3 Loeschcke type I B/C

Goethert-Polaschek has rightly felt the need to create a further type—I B/C—for lamps with intermediary nozzle forms, between Loeschcke forms I B and I C (Goethert-Polaschek 1985, p. 16, fig. 7). In form I B the distance between the volute-spines is larger than the distance between the two angled sides of the nozzle tip; in form I C it is just the opposite (see fig. 1). In nozzle form B/C these two distances are nearly identical, so it is sometimes difficult to distinguish between forms B and C. Among the Getty lamps of Loeschcke type I B/C one finds shoulder forms II a (1 ex.), III a (5 ex.), and III a var. (2 ex.); these forms are present in Loeschcke type I B. One also finds shoulder form VII a (1 ex.), present in Loeschcke type I C. Only one lamp, cat. 128, has a handle; because of its blurred surface and flat base, this lamp is assigned to the Late Flavian period. Four lamps have a raised base-ring and six a flat base marked off by one circular groove. Five discus decors are related to mythology, four to animals, and one to daily life. Bailey’s dating is Claudian to Early Flavian.

119

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.136

Dimensions: L: 11.0 cm; W: 7.7 cm; H: 2.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Thin cracks across top. Clay 7.5YR6/4 light brown, mottled glaze varying between 7.5YR5/4 and 7.5YR4/2 brown and dark brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Shoulder: Loeschcke form II a. Filling-hole in upper part of discus. Voluted angular-tipped nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Two Cupids, the left one holding a rabbit by its hind legs, the right one about to strike it with a pedum. Both are nude with mantle over shoulder.

Type: Loeschcke I B/C; Bailey A group iii

Date: Claudian to Early Flavian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: (Identical) Leibundgut 1977, no. 83, pl. 30; Goethert-Polaschek 1985, no. 269, pl. 24; with Cupid on left alone: Larese and Sgreva 1996, no. 55; with Cupid on right alone: Bochum Museum, Schüller Collection, cat. no. 74, S 709 (Anatolia).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

120

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.12

Dimensions: L: 10.0 cm; W: 7.3 cm; H: 2.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Tiny scratches. Clay 2.5YR6/6 light red, glaze 2.5YR5/8 red.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Filling-hole under left wing of eagle in discus; air hole on top of nozzle. Voluted angular-tipped nozzle. Raised base-ring marked off by two grooves.

Discus Iconography: Frontal eagle looking right with spread wings, its claws holding a prey—a dead rabbit.

Type: Loeschcke I B/C; Bailey A group iii

Date: Claudian to Early Flavian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Tunisia

Parallels: Di Filippo Balestrazzi 1988, vol. 2.2, no. 278, pl. 49, motif III.b.1.1; Rivet 2003, p. 149, no. 229, where the rabbit is clearly legible; Bochum Museum, Schüller Collection, cat. no. 42, S 638 (Tunisia).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

121

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.44

Dimensions: L: 10.2 cm; W: 7.2 cm; H: 2.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Cracks on discus and upper part of shoulder; overpainted. Clay 2.5YR6/4 light reddish brown, glaze 2.5YR5/6 red.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Filling-hole on lower left side of discus. Voluted angular-tipped nozzle. Blurred slightly raised base-ring.

Discus Iconography: Nude Bacchus, drunk and tottering to right, with feline skin over his left shoulder, cantharus in left hand.

Type: Loeschcke I B/C; Bailey A group iii

Date: Claudian to Early Flavian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

122

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.42

Dimensions: L: 9.1 cm; W: 6.3 cm; H: 2.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Broken in two pieces, restored; overpainted. Clay 5YR7/4 pink, mottled glaze mostly 5YR5/6 yellowish red.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Filling-hole left of center. Voluted angular-tipped nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Head of Hercules to left wearing a lionskin.

Type: Loeschcke I B/C; Bailey A group iii

Date: Claudian to Early Flavian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: Kricheldorf 1962, no. 25, pl. 3; Leibundgut 1977, no. 50, pl. 27 (Loeschcke IV); Zaccaria Ruggiu 1980, p. 97, no. 129; Goethert-Polaschek 1985, no. 449, pl. 53 (Loeschcke IV); Barbieri 1994, no. 23, fig. 2; Bussière 2000, no. 88, pl. 20, decor I.d.1.(1), with numerous refs.; Rivet 2003, p. 153, no. 264, and p. 173, no. 423 (fr.); Bémont and Chew 2007, p. 472, pl. 47, GA 142 (Loeschcke IV).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

123

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.4

Dimensions: L: 12.0 cm; W: 8.8 cm; H: 3.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Thin cracks. Clay 10YR8/3 very pale brown, mottled glaze mostly 10YR5/2 grayish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Filling-hole center left. Air hole at top of nozzle close to discus. Voluted angular-tipped nozzle. Slightly raised base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Fisherman wearing a conical hat, sitting to left on rock, holding a fishing rod and pulling a fish out of the water; a basket beside him; foreground lines indicating waves; possibly a tree behind him.

Type: Loeschcke I B/C; Bailey A group iii

Date: Claudian to Early Flavian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Tunisia

Parallels: Loeschcke 1919, no. 103, pls. 3 and 9; Goldman et al. 1950, p. 128, no. 398 (with further refs.); (close) with a fish hanging from the line: Mercando 1962, pl. 11.2; Kricheldorf 1962, no. 45, pl. 5; Ennabli, Salomonson, and Mahjoubi 1973, no. 270 (Raqqada); Vikić-Belančić 1976, pl. 9.1; Bémont and Chew 2007, p. 93, D 128, and p. 482, pl. 57, GA 233 (with further refs.). See also Moscara 2003, no. 8.3, fig. 4.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Manzoni Macdonnell 1984.

124

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.37

Dimensions: L: 10.0 cm; W: 7.2 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, uneven glaze 10YR 4/2 dark grayish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Filling-hole in lower part of discus. Small air hole on top of nozzle close to discus. Voluted angular-tipped nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Illegible planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: Two winged nude Cupids, one walking from right carrying a large vase on his shoulder, the other sitting at left holding a rabbit by its hind legs.

Type: Loeschcke I B/C; Bailey A group iii

Date: Claudian to Early Flavian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: For Cupid at right, alone, Kricheldorf 1962, no. 118, pl. 14 (COPPIRES) (Loeschcke VIII); Allison 2006, no. 52, pl. 3; for Cupid at left, alone, Leibundgut 1977, p. 147, nos. 158–59, pl. 30, motif 84; cat. 142 (COPPIRES).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

125

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.46

Dimensions: L: 10.3 cm; W: 7.3 cm; H: 2.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Several cracks on discus and on right side of basin. Clay near 10YR6/4 light yellowish brown, mottled glaze 2.5YR5/6 red (overpaint[?]).

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a var. Filling-hole slightly below center. Voluted angular-tipped nozzle. Raised base-ring marked off by two grooves.

Discus Iconography: Bear running to right.

Type: Loeschcke I B/C; Bailey A group iii

Date: Claudian to Early Flavian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Gualandi Genito 1977, no. 185, pl. 29, and no. 203, pl. 31; (close) Goethert-Polaschek 1985, no. 284, pl. 38; Bailey BM III, Q 1895, pl. 33, fig. 86 (with further refs.); Alram-Stern 1989, no. 34, pl. 15; Di Filippo Balestrazzi 1988, vol. 2.2, no. 402, pl. 72, motif III.a.4.1; Larese and Sgreva 1996, no. 153; Morillo Cerdán 1999, nos. 230–31, fig. 148, motif 119; Bussière 2000, pp. 196–97, decor III.a.3.(1) (with further refs.); Rodríguez Martín 2002, no. 214, pl. 40 (Loeschcke IV); Rivet 2003, p. 178, nos. 489–90.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

126

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.20

Dimensions: L: 10.0 cm; W: 7.2 cm; H: 2.1 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact except for minor chips. Clay 2.5YR6/4 light reddish brown, glaze near 2.5YR5/4 reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a var. Filling-hole in lower right. Voluted angular-tipped nozzle. Raised base-ring defined by two grooves.

Discus Iconography: Dancing Bacchus; muscular nude male figure standing frontally, looking upward, right arm outstretched with hand open, left hand holding a tympanon; possibly wearing a wreath; animal skin (leopard[?]) hanging behind him from shoulder, paw visible to left of figure, a feline head to right.

Type: Loeschcke I B/C; Bailey A group iii

Date: Claudian to Early Flavian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Libertini 1930, no. 1292, pl. 121; Rosenthal and Sivan 1978, p. 28, no. 86 (Loeschcke IV); (identical) Skinkel-Taupin 1980, no. 15a.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

127

Inventory Number: 80.AQ.46.4

Dimensions: L: 10.5 cm; W: 7.5 cm; H: 2.2 cm

Condition and Fabric: Thin crack on upper part of lamp. Clay 2.5Y7/4 pale yellow, mottled glaze near 10YR5/3 brown.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Filling-hole in lower right field. Voluted angular-tipped nozzle. Slightly raised base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Lioness with swollen teats rushing to right, head frontal.

Type: Loeschcke I B/C; Bailey A group iii

Date: Claudian to Flavian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Tunisia

Parallels: (Identical) Deneauve 1969, no. 340, pl. 39; Heres 1972, no. 387, pl. 43; Oziol 1977, no. 374, pl. 20 (Loeschcke IV); Leibundgut 1977, p. 182, no. 312, pl. 49, motif 308; Christie’s 1978, pl. 2, lot 42 (Loeschcke VIII); Goethert-Polaschek 1985, no. 92, pl. 38, motif M.185, with further parallels; Hellmann 1987, no. 137, pl. 15.

Provenance: – 1980, William L. Eagleton, Jr., American, 1926–2011, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1980.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

128

Inventory Number: 82.AQ.31

Dimensions: L: 10.7 cm; W: 6.2 cm; H: 2.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR8/4 pink, glaze unevenly applied 2.5YR4/4 reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade, from worn mold. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Flat blurred shoulder. Filling-hole in lower left field. Voluted angular-tipped nozzle. Slightly raised base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Eagle, sometimes interpreted as parrot, standing to right.

Type: Loeschcke I B/C; Bailey A

Date: Flavian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Italy

Parallels: Brants 1913, no. 785, pl. 6 (Bussière type D X 1); Heres 1972, p. 25, no. 67, pl. 11; Bailey BM II, p. 81, Q 845–Q 846, pl. 8, fig. 90 (with further refs.); (close) Bussière 2000, no. 84, pl. 20, decor III.b.1.(1) (with further refs.).

Provenance: – 1982, James W. Hepburn and Yolanda Hepburn, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1982.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

129

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.31

Dimensions: L: 12.0 cm; W: 9.1 cm; H: 3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Thin crack on right side. Repair and overpaint on much of discus. Clay 10YR7/4 very pale brown, mottled glaze mostly 10YR5/2 grayish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a. Central filling-hole. Voluted angular-tipped nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Four goats grazing, a fifth raised on its hind legs eating tree foliage; dog at left.

Type: Loeschcke I B/C; Bailey A group iv

Date: Second half of first century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: None found. For a scene with six goats and a goatherd on left side of discus, see Heres 1972, no. 203, pl. 25 (Loeschcke IV); Bailey BM II, p. 45, Q 923, fig. 48 (Loeschcke IV); Hübinger 1993, no. 264, pl. 32 (with further refs.).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

III.A.b.1.4 Loeschcke type I C

Bailey BM II includes nine lamps (Q 838–Q 846) in his type A group v, which corresponds to Loeschcke type I C. In fact, only two (Q 841 and Q 842) have Loeschcke nozzle form C. The others have the intermediate nozzle form B/C defined by Goethert-Polaschek, whose Trier lamp catalogue was published five years after BM II. Moreover, the nine lamps in question all have a handle, which none of the Getty lamps of type I C has. The BM lamps also have Loeschcke shoulder forms IV a and IV b, while the Getty lamps have shoulder forms III a and III a var., with one exception that has form VII b. For these various reasons Bailey’s type A group v will not be used here.

As already said, in Loeschcke nozzle form C the distance between the volute-spines is less than the distance between the angles of the nozzle tip (see fig. 1). The size of the nozzle is greater than that of Loeschcke type I A and often, but not always, greater than the nozzle size of type I B. The dominant shoulder form among the Getty lamps is form III a (11 ex.) or III a var. (2 ex.). It is accompanied by a flat base marked off by one groove. For the Getty lamps with these characteristics the suggested date is Claudian to Flavian. Cat. 142, signed COPPI.RES, active A.D. 80–160, was made in the Early Flavian phase of production of this workshop. Two other potter’s marks are recorded: a planta pedis on cat. 141 and incuse letters P.A. on cat. 134. Only cat. 118 has Loeschcke shoulder form VII b and a base-ring. No type I C lamp has a handle. Out of a total of fourteen discus decors, five are related to the amphitheater and circus, four to mythology, two to animals, two to everyday life, and one is a symplegma.

130

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.3

Dimensions: L: 11.0 cm; W: 8.2 cm; H: 2.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Several cracks on nozzle, discus, and shoulder. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, mottled glaze mostly 7.5YR5/2 brown.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Filling-hole in lower left field. Voluted angular-tipped nozzle. Base slightly raised, marked off by one circular groove. Plain planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: Theater mask with cornucopia and thyrsus at left.

Type: Loeschcke I C

Date: Claudian to Flavian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Tunisia

Parallels: None found; (near) Loeschcke 1919, no. 51, pl. 6; Iványi 1935, p. 45, no. 114, pl. 5.11; Vikić-Belančić 1976, pl. 6.1; Oziol 1977, no. 383, pl. 21; Spagnolo 1980, no. 13, pl. 62 (Novara); Gualandi Genito 1983, p. 119, no. 15, fig. 1; Di Filippo Balestrazzi 1988, vol. 2.2, nos. 393–96, pl. 70, motif II.f.2.6; Alram-Stern 1989, nos. 55–56, pl. 17 (with further refs.); Larese and Sgreva 1996, no. 179 (discus fr.); Buzov 2006, pl. 8.1; (for mask only) Bussière 2000, no. 95, pl. 21; Cologne Museum, inv. 1367 (Loeschcke IV).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

131

Inventory Number: 81.AQ.38.7

Dimensions: L: 10.0 cm; W: 7.3 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR8/3 very pale brown, uneven glaze mostly 10YR4/1 dark gray.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Filling-hole lower right, with remains of corroded iron wick-nail. Unpierced air hole at top of nozzle. Voluted angular-tipped nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Mars Ultor with crested helmet walking left, long spear in right hand and trophy over left shoulder.

Type: Loeschcke I C

Date: Claudian to Flavian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Tunisia

Parallels: Loeschcke, Willers, and Niessen 1911, no. 1759, pl. 80; Perlzweig 1961, no. 58, pl. 3 (fr.); Bruneau 1965, no. 4638, pl. 31; Menzel 1969, p. 36, no. 174, fig. 31 (ROMANESIS), from Miletus; Heres 1972, no. 172, pl. 22; Cahn-Klaiber 1977, pp. 39–40, no. 162, pl. 14; Oziol 1977, no. 468, pl. 25 (Loeschcke IV); Leibundgut 1977, p. 138, no. 396, pl. 26, decor 34 (with further refs.); Pace 2008, p. 8 top.

Provenance: – 1981, William L. Eagleton, Jr., American, 1926–2011, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1981.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

132

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.538

Dimensions: L: 9.1 cm; W: 6.3 cm; H: 2.1 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, flaked glaze 2.5YR5/6 red; lower left basin, nozzle top, and bottom burned black.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Filling-hole in lower field with remains of corroded iron wick-nail. Voluted angular-tipped nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Vanquished gladiator (essedarius) with right knee on the ground near his oval shield; part of a composition of two gladiators, as on cat. 199, of Loeschcke type IV.

Type: Loeschcke I C

Date: Claudian to Flavian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Unknown

Parallels: Larese and Sgreva 1996, no. 94; Morillo Cerdán 1999, no. 72, fig. 143 (discus fr.). For the whole composition with two fighters, see Vegas 1966a, no. 55, pl. 7 (Novaesium); Bailey BM II, p. 52, Q 864, Q 780–Q 781, Q 798, fig. 55, with several refs.; Farka 1977, nos. 823, 1318, pl. 36; Bémont 2005, p. 154, fig. 3.1; Casas Genover and Soler Fusté 2006, no. G 60, pl. 5; Bochum Museum, Schüller Collection, cat. no. 36, S 685 (Tunisia); cat. 199.

Provenance: Before 1981, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); by 1981–1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Galerie Günter Puhze 1981, no. 227.

133

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.545

Dimensions: L: 9.3 cm; W: 6.5 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Thin crack on nozzle, extending onto discus; small hole on nozzle underside. Clay near 7.5YR7/4 pink, glaze worn 10YR5/2 brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Filling-hole slightly on the right. Air hole on nozzle top. Voluted angular-tipped nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Vanquished pugilist with boxing gloves standing to right, arms hanging.

Type: Loeschcke I C

Date: Claudian to Flavian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Unknown

Parallels: Bessi and Moncini 1980, no. 66, pl. 9; Goethert-Polaschek 1985, no. 283a, pl. 34; Amaré Tafalla 1988, p. 82, fig. 147.7; Bussière 2000, decor II.d.6.(2) with further refs., including complete decor with the two adversaries as in Mlasowsky 1993, p. 197, no. 182.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

134

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.41

Dimensions: L: 9.5 cm; W: 6.7 cm; H: 2.2 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR6/4 light brown, mottled glaze 7.5YR5/4 brown.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Filling-hole in lower right field. Voluted angular-tipped nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Incuse potter’s mark: P.A. (absent in Pavolini 1980; listed in Mercando 1973, p. 434 = CIL 8, no. 22644, 254b).

Discus Iconography: Gladiator’s plumed and visored helmet.

Type: Loeschcke I C

Date: Claudian to Flavian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Tunisia

Parallels: (Close) Deneauve 1969, no. 465, pl. 49 (Loeschcke IV); Rivet 2003, no. 451.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

135

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.48

Dimensions: L: 9.6 cm; W: 7.0 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Crack across discus. Clay 10YR6/4 light yellowish brown, mottled glaze between 10YR5/3 and 10YR4/3 brown and dark brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Filling-hole in lower field of discus. Voluted angular-tipped nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Young deer to right, possibly jumping over thicket.

Type: Loeschcke type I C

Date: Claudian to Flavian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Loeschcke 1919, nos. 267–68, pl. 13; (close) Goethert-Polaschek 1985, nos. 518–39, pl. 59 (Loeschcke IV); Bailey BM II, p. 75, Q 811, fig. 81.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

136

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.43

Dimensions: L: 9.4 cm; W: 6.6 cm; H: 2.0 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR6/3 pale brown, uneven glaze 10YR3/1 very dark gray.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Filling-hole in lower field. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Sacrificial scene; kneeling man to right holding basin; head of a goat above basin (clearer on lamp of Kirsch or Oziol, see parallels below).

Type: Loeschcke I C

Date: Claudian to Flavian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Loeschcke, Willers, and Niessen 1911, no. 1831, pl. 80 (Loeschcke IV); Evelein 1928, no. 16, pl. 4 (Loeschcke IV); Mercando 1962, pl. 11.1 (goat head missing); Bailey 1965, no. 61, pl. 5 (Loeschcke type IV); Deneauve 1969, no. 333, pl. 39; Leibundgut 1977, p. 157, no. 548, pl. 35, motif 144 (fr.); Oziol 1977, no. 389, pl. 21 (Loeschcke IV, Cyprus); Goethert-Polaschek 1985, no. 353, pl. 46; Bailey BM III, Q 2386, pl. 63 (Loeschcke IV, Cyprus); Massa 1997, no. 3, pl. 30; Kirsch 2002, no. 490, pl. 26; Bémont 2002, no. 403, pl. 35 (fr.); Rodríguez Martín 2005, p. 196, no. 47, fig. 6 (Torre Águila); Bochum Museum, Schüller Collection, museum photographic archives, photo DSCF 0084 jpg Roh 02–06–08–08.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

137

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.540

Dimensions: L: 10.8 cm; W: 7.8 cm; H: 2.4 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR8/1 white, glaze mostly 10YR4/3 reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Filling-hole in the lower right field. Voluted angular-tipped nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Incuse mark: vertical short line with a dot at each extremity.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Bust of Mercury to right with winged cap and caduceus behind right shoulder.

Type: Loeschcke I C

Date: Claudian to Flavian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Unknown

Parallels: Leibundgut 1977, p. 138, nos. 131–32, pl. 26, motif 35 (fr.); Rosenthal and Sivan 1978, p. 26, no. 79 (Loeschcke IV); Skinkel-Taupin 1980, no. 12a; Bailey BM II, p. 12, Q 1059, fig. 8; Goethert-Polaschek 1985, no. 40, pl. 16; Morillo Cerdán 1999, no. 3 (discus fr.); Bussière 2000, no. 596, pl. 46, decor I.a.6.(2) p. 155 (with further refs.); Potentia 2001, no. 41; Bémont 2002, no. 387, pl. 35 (fr.); Wilmet 2003, p. 239, fig. 2; LIMC 6.2, p. 285, no. 199, s.v. Mercurius; Cologne Museum, Wollman Collection, inv. 1404.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

138

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.36

Dimensions: L: 9.6 cm; W: 6.8 cm; H: 2.1 cm

Condition and Fabric: Repairs on left side; overpainted. Clay 2.5YR6/6 light red, glaze 2.5YR4/6 red.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Filling-hole in lower left field. Air hole at top of nozzle. Voluted angular-tipped nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Winged Cupid standing in three-quarter profile to right wearing long garment, holding downturned torch in right hand.

Type: Loeschcke I C

Date: Claudian to Flavian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Kricheldorf 1962, no. 56, pl. 7 (COPPIRES) (Loeschcke IV); Heres 1972, no. 58, pl. 10; Oziol 1977, nos. 427–30, pl. 23 (Loeschcke IV); Bailey BM III, Q 2380, pl. 63; Robin Petitot 2000, p. 54, no. 78 (Loeschcke IV); Bussière 2000, no. 311, pl. 34, and no. 330, pl. 35 (Loeschcke IV), decor I.b.1.(8) (with further refs.); Rivet 2003, p. 144, no. 182; The same Cupid is often represented standing next to an altar: (near) Bochum Museum, Schüller Collection, cat. no. 212, S 783 with altar.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

139

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.556

Dimensions: L: 10.4 cm; W: 7.3 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Restored from several frr.; small portion of discus missing. Clay 2.5YR6/6 light red, uneven glaze mostly 10YR4/2 dark grayish brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Shoulder: Loeschcke form II a. Filling-hole lower left. Voluted angular-tipped nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Man in knee-length tunic and laced boots walking slowly left on groundline; his right hand holds a long pole resting on his bare right shoulder; half-empty bag on his left shoulder.

Type: Loeschcke I C

Date: Claudian to Flavian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Unknown

Parallels: Gualandi Genito 1986, p. 251, no. 93 (fr.; ref. to similar fr. in the museum of Galeata).

Provenance: Before 1982, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); by 1982–1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Galerie Günter Puhze 1982, no. 247.

140

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.16

Dimensions: L: 9.5 cm; W: 6.8 cm; H: 2.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Restored from several frr.; top of lamp overpainted. Clay 10R6/6 light red, mottled glaze 10R5/8 red; lower right burned blackish.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Filling-hole at bottom of discus. Voluted angular-tipped nozzle. Slightly raised base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Grasshopper to right eating leafy branches.

Type: Loeschcke I C

Date: Claudian to Flavian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Bailey BM II, p. 84, Q 1087, fig. 98 (fr.); Bailey BM III, p. 85, fig. 109, with five slightly different representations of the same insect (see Q 1903–Q 1904, pl. 33); Morillo Cerdán 1992, no. 15, pl. 6 (discus fr.); Casas Genover and Soler Fusté 2006, no. G 695, pl. 41, fig. 41 (fr.); Bussière and Rivel 2012, nos. 101 and 102 (El Djem, Tunisia); Bochum Museum, Schüller Collection, cat. no. 104, S 668 (Loeschcke IV) (Tunisia).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

141

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.47

Dimensions: L: 10.9 cm; W: 7.8 cm; H: 2.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Restored from several frr.; overpainted. Clay 7.5YR7/3 pinkish gray, glaze between 5YR6/4 and 5YR5/4 light reddish brown and reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a var. Filling-hole between animal and human. Air hole on nozzle top. Voluted angular-tipped nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Illegible planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: Amphitheater scene: lion in profile to left attacking nude unarmed person fallen to the ground.

Type: Loeschcke I C

Date: Claudian to Flavian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

142

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.533

Dimensions: L: 10.0 cm; W: 7.0 cm; H: 2.2 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, thin glaze 7.5YR5/4 brown.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a var. Filling-hole slightly to the left of discus center. Small air hole on nozzle top. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s signature: C.OPPI.RES.

Discus Iconography: Winged Cupid walking to left holding a big vase on his shoulder; groundline.

Type: Loeschcke I C

Date: Flavian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Unknown

Parallels: Bussière 2000, no. 454, pl. 40 (Loeschcke V), decor I.b.1.(18), with several refs. to same decor on lamps of other types; Bémont and Chew 2007, pp. 272–73 and 477, pl. 52, GA 185–GA 186 (Loeschcke V). For composition with a second Cupid, see cat. 124.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Galerie Günter Puhze 1983, no. 245.

III.A.b.2 Loeschcke type I variants

Here are grouped five lamps with either a triangular nozzle without volutes, such as cat. 143, which cannot be classified as Loeschcke type I, for that type is always voluted; or with shoulder-volutes, such as cats. 144–46 bis, whose nozzle tips are angular and not rounded or ogival and therefore cannot be classified as Loeschcke type V. Nor can these five be attributed to Loeschcke type II: cat. 143 because of its handle, the four others because of their shoulder-volutes. To avoid multiplying typological categories, this catalogue will follow Bailey, who, in BM III, sorts several examples identical to cats. 144 and 145 under the heading “Loeschcke type I var.,” a nonexisting division in the Vindonissa catalogue. The type of cat. 146 has been identified in Bussière 2000 as type C I 2, but for the reason just given, this catalogue will list it as Loeschcke type I var. The chronology attributed to Bussière type C I 2 (end of first century to first third of second century A.D.) takes into account the presence, on African lamps of this type, of the signatures CCLOSVC, LMADIEC, MVNTREPT, all workshops active A.D. 80/90–140. For a discussion of the much-debated type Bussière C I, see Bussière 2000, pp. 77–78.

With its transverse pierced handle and the shape of its nozzle, cat. 143 is identical to Bailey BM II, Q 1149, a lamp that, despite the absence of birds’ heads (even stylized), Bailey considers an early example of his type M group i: Late Vogelkopflampen, dated Flavian to Hadrianic period.

Cats. 144 and 145 correspond to Szentléleky 1969, no. 90; Hayes 1980, no. 375; Bailey BM III, Q 1899, Q 2000, pl. 33; and Hübinger 1993, no. 258. Three of these lamps have Egyptian place of manufacture or origin, are signed PHOETASPI, and date to the end of the first or the early second century A.D.

143

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.266

Dimensions: L: 8.6 cm; W: 6.6 cm; H: 3.0 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR6/2 pinkish gray, mottled glaze varying between 5YR4/2 dark reddish gray and 5YR4/6 yellowish red.

Description: Moldmade. Transverse pierced handle with groove. Flat shoulder, Loeschcke form II b, interrupted by a V-shaped channel between discus and nozzle. Central filling-hole. Small air hole facing nozzle. Splayed angle-tipped nozzle without volutes, with beveled sides and flat top. Flat teardrop-shaped base marked off by two grooves.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Pavolini subtype III L, related to Bailey M

Date: Third quarter of first century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: Carandini et al. 1977, no. 2, pl. 20 (129 examples kept in the Museo Archeologico Nazionale, Naples); Pavolini 1980, pl. 14, fig. 4n (with refs.); Bailey BM II, Q 1149, pl. 50 (with further refs.); Bonghi Jovino 1984, no. CE 564, pl. 136.5 (broken nozzle), from Pompeii.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

Discussion: Transverse pierced handles are common on Vogelkopflampen (Pavolini 1980, type III; or Bailey type M) but appear only exceptionally on other types, for instance, Bailey BM I, Q 965, pl. 22 (Loeschcke type V variant), and Dressel type 23 (CIL 15).

144

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.77

Dimensions: L: 7.8 cm; W: 5.8 cm; H: 2.4 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 2.5YR6/6 light red, worn glaze near 10R5/6 red.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Deep body with sloping sides. Flat shoulder with several rills. Deep flat-bottomed discus with sloping wall; two rings around central filling-hole, outer ring much broader than inner one. Unpierced air hole on flat top of nozzle. Angular-tipped nozzle flanked by shoulder-volutes without spines, as on Loeschcke type V. Base-ring marked off by two grooves. Potter’s signature: PHOETASPI, workshop active in the Flavian period (Bailey BM II, p. 100).

Discus Iconography: Rosette of twenty-four concave petals.

Type: Loeschcke I var.

Date: Flavian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa according to Schüller, but probably made in Egypt, as indicated by potter's signature

Parallels: (Identical) Waldhauer 1914, no. 176, pl. 16, from Egypt; Szentléleky 1969, no. 90 (PHOETASPI); Młynarczyk 1974, no. 9, figs. 11–12 (PHOETASPI), from Tell Atrib, Egypt; Bailey BM III, Q 1899 and Q 2000, pl. 33, from Egypt (PHOETASPI, several refs. given, most bearing the same signature); Hübinger 1993, no. 258, pl. 32, from Egypt (PHOETASPI, more refs.); (close) Heres 1972, no. 110, pl. 15; Hayes 1980, no. 375, pl. 45, from Egypt; Israeli and Avida 1988, p. 26, no. 22 (STROBILI); Cologne Museum, inv. 25.312 (no signature); (identical) Georges 2001, p. 482, nos. 52, 54.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

145

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.80

Dimensions: L: 11.0 cm; W: 8.8 cm; H: 3.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Hole on left side of shoulder showing very thin wall; cracks on bottom; repairs and overpaint. Clay 5YR6/6 reddish yellow, mottled glaze between 7.5YR5/4 brown and 2.5YR5/6 red.

Description: Moldmade. Flat shoulder with close-set concentric rills; two rectangular side-lugs with volute decoration. Deeply depressed flat-bottomed discus; inward-sloping walls with rosette-pattern of multiple concave petals, similar to cat. 144. Discus pierced by small filling-hole and two even smaller air holes. Angular-tipped nozzle flanked by shoulder-volutes without spines, as on Loeschcke type V. Raised base-ring.

Discus Iconography: Medusa head in pronounced relief surrounded by rosette with twenty-four petals.

Type: Loeschcke I var.

Date: Early second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: None found; see close comparanda given for cat. 144, of same type.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

146

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.261

Dimensions: L: 9.2 cm; W: 5.8 cm; H: 2.2 cm

Condition and Fabric: Restored from several frr.; thin crack on base; some overpaint. Clay 10YR8/2 white, mottled glaze mostly 10YR4/3 dark brown.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII b. Central filling-hole. Slit air hole on nozzle top between single volutes without knobs. Faint base-ring. Blurred potter’s incuse signature, possibly: M.NOV.GERM, African workshop active A.D. 120–180.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Loeschcke I var.; Bussière C I 2

Date: Second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: (Identical) Bussière 2000, no. 684, pl. 46.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

146 bis

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.81

Dimensions: L: 10.5 cm; W: 6.8 cm; H: 2.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay near 10YR6/2 pale brown, glaze 10YR4/4 dark yellowish brown (burned[?]).

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with two grooves. Shoulder: Loeschcke form IV a. Central filling-hole. Small V-shaped channel between discus and wick-hole. Angular-tipped nozzle flanked by shoulder-volutes without spines, as on Loeschcke type V. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Outline of small lamp of Loeschcke type I with crescent-ornament handle; this decoration flanked by two symmetrical curved lines, each ending with a globule. See also cats. 77, 78.

Type: Loeschcke I var.; Bussière C I 2

Date: Late first to early second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

III.A.b.3 Loeschcke type III = Bailey type D

Characteristics of this type include a handle ornament that is either figurative or in the shape of a crescent, decorated triangle, or two-lobed bud; and a usually round-tipped volute-nozzle, exceptionally with angular tip. Lamps may have one or two nozzles, but some have even more (see cat. 562). Shoulder forms vary considerably on early examples. Bailey’s groups i and ii, dated Augustan to Claudian/Neronian, show Loeschcke flat shoulder forms I, II a, and III a, as well as various rills and moldings not recorded in Loeschcke’s classification. Bailey’s group iii, dated Tiberian to Flavian, still shows the flat shoulder forms II b and IV a and hybrid forms III a, IV a, and IV b, while Bailey’s group iv has rounded shoulder forms VI a and VII a exclusively. Most lamps in Bailey’s group v, dated Claudian to Early Trajanic, have flat shoulder forms IV a and IV b, except for two examples with the rounded form VII a.

All the Getty lamps of Loeschcke type III have flat shoulders, either of unusual forms or of Loeschcke forms I a, II b, III a, IV a, or IV b. This sign—flat shoulder—that the lamps are early is supported by the presence of a base-ring on ten examples out of thirteen. The three lamps with flat base marked off by one circular groove have shoulders of Loeschcke form IV a or IV b. Out of thirty-nine BM lamps of the type here studied and recorded in Bailey BM II that still preserve their base, seventeen have a base-ring and twenty-two a flat base. The latter is the standard in Bailey group v, dated Claudian to Early Trajanic.

Figurative discus decors are scarce: out of fourteen examples, two are related to mythology, one to gladiatorial equipment, one is a rosette, three are radiated bands, and seven discuses are either plain as cat. 156 or decorated by rings or circles.

Out of the fourteen ornament handles, four are in the shape of a two-lobed leaf or lotus bud. This shape is interpreted by Bailey as the external female genitalia (vulva). Such a reading might be justified for cat. 150, but less so for cats. 147–48 and 151. In describing his no. 387, p. 98, pl. 46, Hayes 1980 speaks of “a two-lobed split leaf, i.e., a lotus bud.” Against Bailey’s interpretation, lamp no. G 183, pl. 15, in Casas Genover and Soler Fusté 2006, shows a central slit decorated with vegetal-pattern similar to a leaf. From the same authors, see also no. G 68, pl. 6, where the decor is undoubtedly only vegetal. Three ornament handles are in the shape of a crescent: cats. 153 and 158 themselves decorated with smaller crescent, the third, cat. 154, with a bust of Jupiter; five handles are in the shape of a leaf: one decorated with a bust of Serapis (cat. 155), one with a head of Bacchus (cat. 149), and three with a plain leaf (cats. 152, 156, and 157); one handle is in the shape of an eagle (cat. 159); and a last one is decorated with palmette and acanthus leaves (cat. 160).

In the introduction to his type D, which concerns Italian lamps only, Bailey sums up the archaeological data that permit assigning the start of the production to Late Republican and Early Augustan times (BM II, pp. 199–201). He considers the production to end no later than the Early Trajanic period. But outside Italy, in various provinces, the type continued to live on much longer (Bussière 2000, p. 71): until the second century in Asia Minor, where a Cnidian lamp of the type is dated by Bailey A.D. 80–120 (BM III, Q 2686); in Pannonia, where Iványi mentions locally made examples found in situ associated with coins of Hadrian (Iványi 1935, p. 12); until the end of the second and beginning of the third centuries A.D. in Libya (Joly 1974, no. 35, signed MAVRICI, no. 41 AGRI, no. 51 PUVLLAEN), in Tunisia (Deneauve 1969, no. 54.7, signed LVCCI = LVCCEI), and in Algeria (Bussière 2000, no. 161, signed MAVRICI, no. 164 CLVCSAT, no. 165 bis PUVLLAENI) (all workshops active at the time considered); and also in Austria, where examples from Lauriacum are dated to Alexander Severus (Deringer 1965, p. 120, nos. 374–75).

Some of the lamps found in the provinces may have been exported Italian products, but most of them were locally made. A close similarity in the shapes of the body, shoulder, and nozzle between cat. 156 and Bailey’s lamp Q 2686, from Cnidus, is reason to attribute the Getty lamp to the Eastern Mediterranean, possibly even to Cnidus. Following the same approach, it is equally plausible to consider an eastern origin for the three Getty examples of Loeschcke type III (cats. 148, 152, and 155). At least two of them bear a striking similarity in color of clay and slip to lamps of the same type published in various catalogues, with certified east Mediterranean place of manufacture or origin. Comparing cat. 155 with Bailey’s Q 2688–Q 2689 and the various frr. shown on pl. 77 of BM III—all found in Cnidus—it is even tempting to attribute the Getty lamp to the same Cnidian place of manufacture or origin.

The two first lamps, cats. 147 and 148, which have no parallels in BM II, are characterized by a deep cylindrical body and the presence of two hinges on the discus rim at the foot of the handle. These hinges were intended to hold a lid for the filling-hole (to prevent mice from drinking the oil). Clay lamps with such features were inspired or copied from Hellenistic bronze models, as first proposed by Loeschcke 1919 (pp. 473–74), then by Broneer 1930 (p. 74), Perlzweig 1961 (p. 73, no. 11), and others since.

147

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.528

Dimensions: L: 18.0 cm; W: 8 cm; H: 5.2 cm, (with handle) 10.0 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7YR7/4 pink, uneven remains of glaze mostly 5YR5/4 reddish brown. Tiny particles of mica.

Description: Moldmade. Ornament handle in the shape of a two-lobed bud, large handle ring behind. Deep cylindrical body. Shoulder consisting of narrow band marked off by two grooves; at foot of handle, two unpierced hinges with three grooves each, reminiscent of bronze-lamp hinges on lamps with a sliding lid. Discus sloping inward to flat-bottomed area pierced by central filling-hole. Long protruding round-tipped nozzle flanked by volutes with pronounced knobs. Between them a bacchic bearded head in relief: Silenus. Heart-shaped wick-hole. Raised base-ring.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Loeschcke III; Waagé 35

Date: Augustan

Place of Manufacture or Origin: South Italy

Parallels: None found; (close) Miltner 1937, no. 28, pl. 11 (Ephesus); Waagé 1941, p. 75, nos. 86–87, fig. 77 (Antioch-on-the-Orontes); Goldman et al. 1950, p. 108, no. 131, figs. 97–98, with two nozzles (Tarsus); Perlzweig 1961, no. 11, pl. 1 (Athens).

Provenance: By 1973, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); – 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Antiken aus Rheinischem Privatbesitz, pp. 127–28, no. 195, pl. 85.

148

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.76

Dimensions: L: 9.8 cm; W: 4.8 cm; H: 2.1 cm, (with handle) 3.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: A few chips and cracks. Clay 7.5YR6/4 light brown, very worn glaze 5YR4/2 dark reddish gray.

Description: Moldmade. Ornament handle in the shape of a two-lobed bud, large ring handle below. At foot of handle two unpierced, nonfunctional lid hinges. Narrow wavy lug on each side of body. Rounded peripheral ridge, separated from the discus by a wide groove. Deep cylindrical body. Thin circular groove divides flat discus into two parts. Central filling-hole. Slit air hole on right side of discus. Long protruding round-tipped nozzle flanked by volutes with prominent knobs. Raised base-ring.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Loeschcke III; Waagé 35

Date: Augustan

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Southern Anatolia

Parallels: None found; (close) Miltner 1937, no. 28, pl. 11 (Ephesus); Waagé 1941, p. 75, nos. 86–87, fig. 77 (Antioch-on-the-Orontes); Goldman et al. 1950, p. 108, no. 131, figs. 97–98, with two nozzles (Tarsus); Perlzweig 1961, no. 11, pl. 1 (Athenian Agora); Bailey BM III, Q 3010, pl. 98 (Ephesus).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

149

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.481

Dimensions: L: 23.5 cm; W: 8.8 cm; H: 5.5 cm, (with handle) 8.2 cm

Condition and Fabric: Thin crack on base. Clay near 5YR6/3 light reddish brown, glaze between 7.5YR6/4 and 7.5YR5/4 light brown and brown; partly blackened, especially on lower part.

Description: Moldmade. Ornament handle with ovoid leaf decorated with vine leaves around relief head of Bacchus; ring behind. Deep nearly cylindrical body. Shoulder: Loeschcke form I. Flat sunken discus with two rings midway between shoulder and central filling-hole. Two small air holes on discus, a third on nozzle top. Long protruding round-tipped nozzle flanked by two volutes with prominent knobs. Undefined base-ring.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Loeschcke III

Date: First third of first century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Central Anatolia

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

150

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.478

Dimensions: L: 16.3 cm; W: 7.0 cm; H: 3.5 cm, (with handle) 6.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR6/2 pinkish gray, glaze 5YR6/3 light reddish brown; partly blackened.

Description: Moldmade. Ornament handle in the shape of a two-lobed bud with several central grooves; ring handle behind. Deep cylindrical body. Shoulder: Loeschcke form II b. Wide inward-sloping discus with sides decorated with rays; flat central area surrounded by two rings. Small filling-hole. Long protruding round-tipped nozzle flanked by volutes with prominent knobs. Slightly raised base-ring marked off by two grooves.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Loeschcke III

Date: First third of first century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Italy

Parallels: None found; (close) Waldhauer 1914, no. 203, pl. 19; Bailey BM II, Q 1025, pl. 32; Hellmann 1987, no. 183, pl. 21 (two nozzles).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

151

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.78

Dimensions: L: 8.7 cm; W: 4.1 cm; H 2.1 cm, (with handle) 3.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, a few uneven remains of glaze 2.5YR6/4 light reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Pierced ornament handle in the shape of a two-lobed bud; ring handle below; vertical double-edged groove separating two symmetrical bulging lobes; small protrusion at top, at bottom (on shoulder) larger globule of undetermined shape—head(?). Deep body with sloping sides. Shoulder: Loeschcke form IV b. Ring around central filling-hole. Protruding round-tipped nozzle flanked by broad volutes with prominent knobs, lower ones unusually big. Two concentric raised base-rings, outer one slightly larger.

Discus Iconography: Rosette with twenty-two petals.

Type: Loeschcke III

Date: First third of first century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Southern Anatolia

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

152

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.475

Dimensions: L: 12.8 cm; W: 5.8 cm; H: 3.1 cm, (with handle) 5.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 2.5YR6/6 light red, same color glaze.

Description: Moldmade. Leaf-shaped ornament handle; ring behind. Deep cylindrical body. Shoulder: Loeschcke form II b. Inward-sloping, deep, concave discus; small central flat area with small filling-hole. Round-tipped nozzle flanked by small vague volutes. Flat nozzle top. Two raised base-rings, inner one thinner; central disc with central relief button.

Discus Iconography: Rays.

Type: Loeschcke III

Date: First third of first century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Southern Anatolia

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

153

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.485

Dimensions: L: 15.8 cm; W: 6.8 cm; H: 5.3 cm, (with handle) 7.0 cm

Condition and Fabric: Handle chipped. Clay 7.5YR7/3 pinkish gray, glaze 2.5YR6/6 light red; partly blackened.

Description: Moldmade. Crescent-ornament handle with crescent bordered by raised rim; ring behind. Shoulder: Loeschcke form IV b. Concave discus. Filling-hole slightly on the lower left. Small air hole at joint of shoulder and nozzle. Long round-tipped volute-nozzle. Slightly raised base-ring marked off by one circular groove; plain planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: Bust of Sol with ten rays above crescent terminating with a star at each end.

Type: Loeschcke III; Bailey D group v

Date: Second half of first century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: None found; (near) Bailey BM II, Q 1028, pl. 33; Seidel 2002, no. 28.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

154

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.520

Dimensions: L: 24.5 cm; W: 10.0 cm; H: 4.2 cm, (with handle) 12.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Slight crack on ornament handle; left tip broken off; overpainted. Clay near 7.5YR7/4 pink, selfslip. A few specks of mica.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Crescent-shaped ornament handle; pierced hole below. On crescent, bust of Jupiter with raised arms holding scepter in left hand, thunderbolt in right. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Small concave discus surrounded by molding consisting of several inward-sloping or convex circular bands. Central filling-hole. Long nozzle with beveled neck and oval raised wick-hole area. Incuse bunch of grapes on each slanting side of upper part of nozzle neck. Base-ring marked off by one exterior groove. In center, planta pedis with illegible letters.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Loeschcke III

Date: Mid-first century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: None found. A certain typological resemblance of the nozzle form with Bailey BM II, Q 1098, signed LVC in planta pedis.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

155

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.507

Dimensions: L: 19 cm; W: (between ends of horse heads) 16.3 cm; H: 4.0 cm, (with handle) 17.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact; overpaint on part of bottom and back and front of shield. Clay 10R6/6 light red, glaze near 10R6/4 pale red.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Elaborate triangular ornament handle with bust of majestic bearded Serapis wearing calathus; no ring behind handle; top finial of shield shows probable further extension of Serapis’s reign of vegetation: bunch of grapes(?), fruit(?) above three conchlike shells. Sinuous floral patterns on edge of handle; between edge and bust, six small stylized suns or stars. On back of handle, six stylized flowers, each consisting of a stem with three small circles on top. Incuse inscription: letters on two lines, interrupted by stem of handle back: E I C // I Ω / N // O C (made by, or belonging to, Eision). Rather shallow body with strongly inward-sloping sides. Flat shoulder with a row of small ovolos, separated from concave discus by circular ridge and three circles inside it. Around central filling-hole, molding of three inward-sloping bands. Two round-tipped nozzles with harnessed horse-head volutes; double-ended thyrsuses between volutes; burn marks. Raised flat-topped base-ring, inside which three more rings and a central raised dot.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Loeschcke III

Date: Ca. A.D. 70–100

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: None found; (close) Waldhauer 1914, nos. 14–15, pl. 4; Loeschcke 1919, p. 223, fig. 3 (Herculaneum); Broneer 1977, lamp d, pl. 39 (Corinth); Bailey BM III, Q 2688–Q 2690, pl. 76, and frr. Q 2691–Q 2700, pl. 77 (Cnidus).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

156

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.479

Dimensions: L: 14.5 cm; W: 9.3 cm; H: 3.8 cm, (with handle) 6.4 cm

Condition and Fabric: Thin crack on discus. Clay 5YR7/4 pink, glaze mostly 5YR6/3 light reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Leaf-shaped ornament handle with ring behind. Slightly outward-sloping shoulder with a row of small ovolos, separated from slightly concave discus by a raised circular molding with inner circular notched groove. Small central filling-hole. Two round-tipped nozzles, each with two large volutes, central volute shared; between them a thyrsus with pinecone end, as on cat. 155. Small knobs on lower ends of volutes, upper ends prominent and conspicuously arched. Raised base-ring, inside it three smaller rings.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Loeschcke III

Date: A.D. 80–120

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Central Anatolia

Parallels: None found; (near) Bailey BM III, Q 2686, pl. 76 (Cnidus).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

157

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.438.511

Dimensions: L: 19.6 cm; W: (body) 8.2 cm, (between outsides of nozzles) 11.4 cm; H: (body) 4.0 cm, (with handle) 11.2 cm

Condition and Fabric: Some restoration with overpaint. Clay 10YR6/1 gray, glaze 10YR4/1 dark gray.

Description: Moldmade. Vine-leaf ornament handle; ring below. Shoulder: Loeschcke form I. Two thin rings surround a small central filling-hole. Tiny unpierced air hole on discus molding. Two long voluted round-tipped nozzles. Raised base-ring marked off by two circular grooves.

Discus Iconography: Gladiatorial equipment.

Type: Loeschcke III; Bailey D group iii

Date: Tiberian to Flavian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: None found. For a close discus decor, see Bailey BM II, Q 1005, pl. 28.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

158

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.484

Dimensions: L: (with handle) 15.3 cm; W: (basin) 7.0 cm, (between outsides of nozzles) 8.3 cm; H: (basin) 3.0 cm, (with handle) 6.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR7/3 very pale brown, glaze near 10YR6/4 light yellowish brown (top); nozzles and bottom blackened.

Description: Moldmade. Crescent-ornament handle, crescent bordered by raised rim; ring behind. Shoulder: Loeschcke form IV a. Filling-hole in lower field. Two voluted round-tipped nozzles. Area decorated between nozzle volutes with two raised ridges. Circular base marked off by one groove.

Discus Iconography: Head of Medusa with snakes in her hair and tied beneath her chin.

Type: Loeschcke III; Bailey D group v

Date: Second half of first century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: None found; (close) Bailey BM II, Q 1029 and Q 1031, pl. 33; Hellmann 1987, no. 185, pl. 21.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

159

Inventory Number: 82.AQ.82

Dimensions: L: 14.7 cm; W: (body) 7.3 cm, (between outsides of nozzles) 8.2 cm; H: 2.2 cm, (with handle) 7.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Small chips; piece of discus missing; handle reattached. Incrustations. Clay 5YR6/6 reddish yellow, thick glaze between 2.5YR5/6 and 2.5YR4/6 red (two shades of brownish red).

Description: Moldmade, from worn plaster mold. Plastic ornament handle representing eagle with square spread wings; ring behind. Shoulder: Loeschcke form IV a. Concave discus. Small central filling-hole. Small slit air hole in lower field. Two voluted round-tipped nozzles; area between nozzle volutes decorated with two raised ornaments. Slightly raised circular flat base.

Discus Iconography: Rays from filling-hole.

Type: Loeschcke III; Bailey D group v

Date: Second half of first century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: (Near) Bussière 2000, no. 127, pl. 23, different eagle profile and discus decor.

Provenance: – 1982, Ms. Margaret Wier, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1982.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

160

Inventory Number: 78.AQ.348

Dimensions: L: 26.3 cm; W: (basin) 11.7 cm, (between outsides of nozzles) 16.5 cm; H: (basin) 4.8 cm, (with handle) 14.2 cm

Condition and Fabric: Ornament handle with portion of basin broken off and reattached; left nozzle broken off and reattached. Burn marks on both nozzles. Clay 7.5YR7/3 pinkish gray, glaze varying between 7.5YR6/4 light brown and 10YR6/6 brownish yellow.

Description: Moldmade. Triangular ornament handle with palmette above and acanthus leaves below; plain ring behind. Shoulder: Loeschcke form IV a. Concave discus with central filling-hole. Two double-volute nozzles with conspicuous knobs; area between nozzle volutes decorated with two raised ornaments. Flat base-ring marked off by one groove.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Loeschcke III; Bailey D group v

Date: Second half of first century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Unknown

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: – 1977, Fritz Ohrtmann (sold, Fine Antiquities, Christie’s, London, November 17, 1977, lot 236); by 1978, David Collins (Beverly Hills, California), donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1978.

Bibliography: Christie’s 1997, lot 236, pl. 13.

III.A.b.4 Loeschcke type IV = Bailey type B

Lamps of this type are quite similar to those of Loeschcke type I, the major difference being their rounded rather than angular-tipped volute-nozzle. Substantial volute-spines often decorate the nozzle, which is smaller in earlier examples and tends to be larger in later ones. In that case the broader volutes seem to be compressed between the nozzle and the discus. Practically absent in the Augustan fort at Haltern (probably abandoned in A.D. 9), the main production of the type began rather later than that of Loeschcke type I A. Only a few lamps can be regarded as Augustan, primarily ones whose shoulders are decorated with rills. Some of the latest examples bear tria nomina signatures; production of the type ceased in the first third of the second century A.D.

The shapes of the body, shoulder, and base recall those described above in Loeschcke type I. Flat shoulder forms (Loeschcke I to IV) do exist, but the rounded shoulder forms V to VII are in the majority. Only four of the Getty lamps have a handle—three Augustan examples, cats. 163–65, and a lamp of an odd type with side-lugs, cat. 242. Base-rings are found, but the majority of the lamps have a flat base marked off by a circular groove. Loeschcke type IV corresponds to Bailey type B, divided into five groups, each of which will be briefly introduced below. Similar to Loeschcke type I and nearly contemporaneous with it, this type was diffused to all parts of the Roman Empire, through either export or local imitation.

Since the Getty lamps lack archaeological context information, the dates given follow those of other publications, mainly Bailey BM II. Out of eighty-two lamps of Loeschcke type IV, twenty-eight have a given eastern place of manufacture or origin; forty-four an African, two an Egyptian, and two a German; the place of manufacture or origin of the six remaining ones is unknown.

161

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.33

Dimensions: L: 11.0 cm; W: 8.5 cm; H: 3.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR7/3 very pale brown, faint traces of glaze in rills 10YR4/1 dark gray, a few lighter traces on exterior near 7.5YR7/6 reddish yellow.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Deep body with sloping sides. Shoulder with several rills, innermost band being wider. Filling-hole in lower field. Unpierced tiny air hole between shoulder-rills in front of nozzle. Unusually short and small volute-nozzle with rounded tip; burn marks. Three circular rounded ridges on base, separated by grooves.

Discus Iconography: Medusa head with snakes knotted under chin, surrounded by waves or imbricated S-pattern.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group i, early variants

Date: Augustan to Claudian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: (Identical) Goldman et al. 1950, p. 110, no. 149, fig. 99; same theme: Casas Genover and Soler Fusté 2006, no. G 496, pl. 33.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

162

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.151

Dimensions: L: 10.2 cm; W: 7.3 cm; H: 2.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR7/3 very pale brown, worn glaze between 5YR7/6 and 5YR6/6 reddish yellow (two close shades).

Description: Moldmade, from worn plaster mold. Inward-sloping shoulder with four rills. Filling-hole almost centered. Volute-nozzle with rounded tip; burn marks. Raised base-ring.

Discus Iconography: Crater at right, altar flanked by two palm branches at left.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group i, early variants

Date: Augustan to Claudian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

163

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.6

Dimensions: L: 12.1 cm; W: 7.3 cm; H: 4.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact (some surface loss on left basin). Part of left basin burned black; burn marks on nozzle. Clay 5YR6/6 reddish yellow, glaze varying between 2.5YR6/6 light red and 2.5YR4/4 reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle. Flat shoulder close to Loeschcke form II b. Deep discus; sloping sides with closely spaced radiating lines. Three grooves around discus. Filling-hole in lower left field. Channel with small air hole between discus and nozzle, ending above wick-hole. Volute-nozzle with rounded tip. Flat base, possibly with blurred base-ring.

Discus Iconography: Curled-up sleeping dog in high relief.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group i, early variants

Date: Augustan to Claudian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: None found. For the discus decor only: Kuzmanov 1992, p. 116, no. 290 (Bulgaria) (close to Bussière E I 4). For a different curled-up sleeping dog: Brants 1913, no. 870, pl. 6 (Loeschcke VIII); Bochum Museum, Schüller Collection, cat. no. 63, S 603 (Anatolia).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

164

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.347

Dimensions: L: 12.0 cm; W: 7.6 cm; H: 3.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Right side of shoulder chipped; handle missing. Clay 7.5YR6/4 light brown, glaze 10YR4/1 dark gray. Mica.

Description: Moldmade. Deep body. Flat shoulder with inward-sloping molding marked off by two grooves (Loeschcke form II a[?]). Between shoulder and flat-bottomed discus, inward-sloping band of closely spaced rays, beaded band, and thin ridge. Central filling-hole. Filling-hole connected to wick-hole by V-shaped channel bordered by two ridges that make a right-angled turn from filling-hole to edge of discus. Small air hole in channel. Round-tipped nozzle flanked by double-volutes with four conspicuous spines. Raised base-ring accompanied by thin inner ring.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group i, early variants

Date: Augustan to Claudian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Southern Anatolia

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

165

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.10

Dimensions: L: 12.1 cm; W: 7.5 cm; H: 3.1 cm

Condition and Fabric: Handle reattached. Clay 5YR7/6 reddish yellow, uneven glaze between 5YR6/1 gray and 5YR4/1 dark gray.

Description: Moldmade. Ribbon handle (askew) with central groove. Body with sloping sides. Flat shoulder with groove and row of ovolos. On inward-sloping wall, a band of closely spaced rays, a ridge, and a ring of beads; flat discus bottom around central filling-hole. Between discus and wick-hole purely decorative V-shaped channel with closed ends (thus deprived of its function to drain any spilled oil). Round-tipped volute nozzle; conspicuous volute-spines. Raised base-ring.

Discus Iconography: Rosette of four heart-shaped leaves.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group i, early variants

Date: Augustan to Claudian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: None found. (Near) Bochum Museum, Schüller Collection, cat. no. 62, S 683 (Anatolia).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

166

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.544

Dimensions: L: 11.6 cm; W: 7.5 cm; H: 2.4 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR5/4 reddish brown, glaze varying from 5YR6/3 light reddish brown to 5YR5/3 reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Ribbon handle with three grooves, attached to shoulder in one place only. Shoulder: Loeschcke form II a. Filling-hole lower right. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base with three raised pelta-shaped motifs in relief, evenly distributed.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Pantheistic female deity with helmet (Minerva?) seated to left, pouring libation on an altar in front of her on top of which is a rising snake; her left arm holds a cornucopia; the field is crammed with various attributes and symbols; counterclockwise, starting behind the goddess’s seat: eagle with spread wings (Jupiter), peacock (Juno), a face in a crescent (Luna), another small bird(?), two poppies (Morpheus), thyrsus (Bacchus), caduceus (Mercury), sistrum (Isis), a pair of pincers (Vulcan), and a kithara (Apollo).

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group ii

Date: Claudian to Flavian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Unknown

Parallels:
Loeschcke 1919, no. 606, with several refs.; Bailey 1965 (VAM), no. 231, pl. 10 = Bailey BM III, Q 920 bis, pl. 154 (planta pedis CCLOD); Heres 1972, no. 219, pl. 27 (Loeschcke V); Leibundgut 1977, p. 256, no. 526, pl. 24, motif 12; Di Filippo Balestrazzi 1988, vol. 2.2, no. 661, pl. 110, motif I.a.5.1 (fr.); Rodríguez Martín 2002, no. 76, pl. 17 (fr).

For the same pelta-shaped relief on a base, see Perlzweig 1961, pl. 4, no. 82 (with further refs.); Menzel 1969, p. 46, nos. 237 and 241–42; Ephesos IV, pl. XI, no. 82.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

Discussion: Bailey 1965 (VAM) interprets the goddess as Abundance; Leibundgut 1977 and Di Filippo Balestrazzi 1988 as Minerva Panthea; Loeschcke 1919 as Isis. The discus relief on this lamp is not very sharp, but thanks to Loeschcke’s drawing of his no. 606, pl. 7 (reproduced in Leibundgut 1977, pl. 24, motif 12), and to Di Filippo Balestrazzi 1988, vol. 2.2, no. 661, pl. 110, practically all the attributes can be identified.

167

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.120

Dimensions: L: 10.2 cm; W: 7.0 cm; H: 2.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR6/6 reddish yellow, glaze 2.5YR5/8 red.

Description: Moldmade. Body with sloping sides. Shoulder: Loeschcke form II b. Filling-hole slightly below center of discus. Small air hole between the two heads. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Circular base marked off by one groove.

Discus Iconography: Man and ram fighting; at right a man in loincloth in bent position with hands tied behind his back; the ram faces him standing on its hind legs; they are trying to knock each other out with their heads.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group ii

Date: Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Goethert-Polaschek 1985, nos. 236, pl. 39, 468, pl. 57, motif M 145, with further refs. (both the man and the ram can be represented alone, as on Loeschcke 1919, no. 279, pl. 13, and no. 433, pl. 4; Leibundgut 1977, p. 178, no. 574, pl. 46, motif no. 276 (fr.); Oziol 1977, no. 390, pl. 21; Di Filippo Balestrazzi 1988, vol. 2.2, nos. 531–35, pls. 94–95, motif III.a.13.2.2. (with further refs.); Fitzwilliam Museum, University of Cambridge, no. 1213, ref. no. XXXVII 24. Gr.40-1955 (Loeschcke I).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

168

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.107

Dimensions: L: 9.2 cm; W: 6.3 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR6/2 light brownish gray, glaze mostly 5YR5/2 reddish gray.

Description: Moldmade. Body with curved sides. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Filling-hole in lower field. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Frontal victorious gladiator (Thrax) looking left; he wears loincloth (subligaculum), greaves (ocreae), and crested helmet and holds his curved sword (sica).

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group ii

Date: Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Southern Anatolia

Parallels: Vegas 1966a, no. 44, pl. 7 (Novaesium); Deneauve 1969, no. 462, pl. 49; Bailey BM II, p. 54, Q 820, pl. 6, fig. 56; Bessi and Moncini 1980, no. 42, pl. 7; Bailey BM III, p. 57, Q 1909, fig. 67 (refs. to gladiator alone or with his adversary); (close) Bémont 2005, p. 161, fig. 11.7 (the one on the right).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

Discussion: The single person on the discus is half of a composition that appears elsewhere with two gladiators. He is reaching out his hand toward his defeated adversary, who is not represented here.

169

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.83

Dimensions: L: 10.7 cm; W: 7.3 cm; H: 2.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR7/4 pink, glaze 10R5/6 red.

Description: Moldmade. Body with curved sides. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Filling-hole in lower field. Unpierced air hole at top of nozzle. Round-tipped volute-nozzle; burn marks. Base-ring marked off by two grooves.

Discus Iconography: Actaeon leaning back, spear in left hand, right arm raising a club, ready to strike a hound leaping up against his right leg; he is nude except for drapery caught around his left arm; short horns are developing on his forehead.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group ii

Date: Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Egypt

Parallels: Loeschcke 1919, no. 718, pl. XV (fr.); Waagé 1941, p. 75, no. 104, fig. 77; Ponsich 1961, no. 58, pl. 7; Oziol 1977, nos. 456–61, pl. 24; Leibundgut 1977, p. 141, no. 44, pl. 28, motif 52; Sapelli 1979, no. 89, pl. 9 (Loeschcke I); Bailey BM II, Q 771, pl. 2, fig. 33; Williams 1981, no. 55, pl. 2 (Kenchreai); Goethert-Polaschek 1985, no. 52, pl. 17 (Loeschcke I); Bailey 1985, no. 156, fig. 4, and pl. VIII, Sidi Khrebish); Hellmann 1987, no. 118, pl. 12; Bailey BM III, p. 37, Q 2383, pl. 63, fig. 41 (with further refs.); Liesen 1994, fig. 6; Mlasowsky 1993, p. 119, no. 105 (fr.); Bémont 2002, p. 72, no. 397 (fr.); Rivet 2003, p. 145, no. 195 (fr.); Cologne Museum, Wollman collection, inv. no. W 3051; (close) Bochum Museum, Schüller Collection, cat. no. 69, S 681 (Tunisia); Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., acc. no. 25988, cat. no. 154496-B (Ephesus). See also LIMC 1.1, pp. 460–61, nos. 69–71, s.v. Aktaion.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

170

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.84

Dimensions: L: 11.3 cm; W: 8.0 cm; H: 3.0 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR7/3 pink, glaze 10YR5/4 yellowish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Body with curved sides. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Filling-hole on right side of discus. Unpierced air hole on top of nozzle. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Plain planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: Helmeted warrior standing at left, holding shield and spear, watching a woman lying on a bed below, nude to the waist: Mars and Rhea Silvia. Image orientation shifted to the left.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group ii

Date: Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

171

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.102

Dimensions: L: 11.0 cm; W: 6.8 cm; H: 2.2 cm

Condition and Fabric: Thin cracks across discus and body, restored; top overpainted. Clay near 7.5YR6/4 light brown, glaze varying between 2.5YR4/2 weak red and 2.5YR4/4 reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Body with curved sides. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Filling-hole in left field. Unpierced air hole on top of nozzle. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Cupid and Psyche embracing; he is nude, winged, and frontal; her backside is nude, a folded garment hangs from the crook of her left arm down to the ground, partly hiding her legs; she has her characteristic wings; hair tied up in a bun.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group ii

Date: Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Southern Anatolia

Parallels: Waldhauer 1914, no. 225, pl. 23; Broneer 1930, p. 181, no. 494, pl. 26; Heres 1972, p. 51, no. 232, pl. 28. LIMC 7.2, p. 457, no. 138b, s.v. Psyche. Same subject treated differently: Bartoli Santi and Bellori 1702, p. 7. For a forgery: Bailey BM III, Q 3378, pl. 129.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

172

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.398

Dimensions: L: 10.5 cm; W: 7.4 cm; H: 2.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Burn marks on nozzle. Clay 10R6/6 light red, same color glaze.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Filling-hole in right field. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Flat blurred circular base.

Discus Iconography: Ithyphallic nude grotesque moving to right; his raised right hand holds a penis; behind him his enormous genitals.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group ii

Date: Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: Christie’s 1998, lot 56. For other grotesques, see Bailey BM II, p. 60 (with further refs.); Bussière 2000, p. 190, decor II.d.10.(2–5).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

173

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.119

Dimensions: L: 10.6 cm; W: 7.4 cm; H: 2.1 cm

Condition and Fabric: Thin crack on discus and back, restored; some overpaint. Clay 10YR7/4 very pale brown, mottled glaze mostly 10YR5/2 grayish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Filling-hole slightly below center of discus. Small air hole on nozzle top. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Frontal head of Medusa within a laurel wreath.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group ii

Date: Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Rivet 2003, p. 137, nos. 120–29.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

174

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.103

Dimensions: L: 10.3 cm; W: 7.5 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Small chip in lower left shoulder. Clay near 2.5YR6/8 light red, glaze 10R5/8 red.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Filling-hole in right lower field. Unpierced air hole on nozzle; burn marks. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Slightly raised base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Nude winged Cupid, frontal, right hand holding a toy wheel resting on the ground, left hand holding a stick to roll it.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group ii

Date: Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: Loeschcke 1919, no. 352, pl. 16; Mlasowsky 1993, p. 141, no. 125.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

175

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.122

Dimensions: L: 8.7 cm; W: 6.0 cm; H: 2.4 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Burn marks on nozzle. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, partly worn glaze mostly 2.5YR5/6 red with some darker areas.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Filling-hole in lower right field. Unpierced air hole on nozzle. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse mark in center: ovolo.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Draped woman with tympanon to right—maenad(?).

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group ii

Date: Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Brun and Gagnière 1937, no. 78, pl. 6; Gualandi Genito 1977, no. 233, pl. 34 (identical); Ayala 1990, no. 24, fig. 14 (with palm added), who wrongly refers to Bailey BM III, addendum p. 456, Q 885 bis, pl. 154, fig. 13, which is a different motif; Robin Petitot 2000, p. 55, no. 83 (identical).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

176

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.438.139

Dimensions: L: 11.0 cm; W: 7.6 cm; H: 2.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Much restored and overpainted. Clay 7.5YR8/4 pink, overpainted surface near 10R4/6 red.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Filling-hole a bit below center of discus. Small air hole on shoulder near nozzle. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Workshop incuse mark: ovolo.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Winged Pegasus to left on groundline.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group ii

Date: Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Fernández Chicarro 1956, no. 8, fig. 60; Oziol 1977, no. 372, pl. 20; Leibundgut 1977, no. 119, pl. 33; Bailey BM II, p. 41, Q 1029, fig. 43 (with further refs.); Rodríguez Martín 2002, no. 139, pl. 28; Rivet 2003, p. 154, no. 266 (Loeschcke VIII).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

177

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.145

Dimensions: L: 9.8 cm; W: 6.8 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR7/4 very pale brown, worn mottled glaze between 7.5YR5/4 brown and 7.5YR4/2 dark brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Filling-hole in lower right center. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Monkey at left, disguised in a hooded cloak, trying to lure with a stick and glue a bird perched on top of a tree at right; the monkey has more sticks in his right hand.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group ii

Date: Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Novaesium

Parallels: (Same theme) Loeschcke 1919, no. 473, pl. 11; Bernhard 1955, no. 245, pl. 58; Leibundgut 1977, pl. 37, motif 169 (fragmented discus); Bailey BM II, p. 45, Q 904, pl. 15, fig. 48; Goethert-Polaschek 1985, nos. 428–98, pl. 53; Bailey BM III, p. 44, Q 1534, fig. 55 (with further refs.); Mlasowsky 1993, pp. 174–75, no. 153a; Robin Petitot 2000, p. 67, no. 195; Rivet 2003, p. 180, no. 516; Hanotte 2005, nos. 59–60, pl. 65, fig. 8; Chrzanovski 2006, p. 72, no. 95; an identical lamp is in the Study Gallery in Cologne Museum.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

Discussion: The discus motif may be an allusion to an Aesop fable (fox and raven).

178

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.88

Dimensions: L: 10.8 cm; W: 7.5 cm; H: 2.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay near 5YR7/3 pink, glaze mostly 10YR5/8 red.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Filling-hole below center of discus. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Jubilator, nude youth on horse galloping to right; right arm raised holding whip.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group ii

Date: Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: Brants 1913, no. 202, pl. 2 (Loeschcke I); Loeschcke 1919, no. 101, pl. 9 (Loeschcke I); Deneauve 1969, no. 475, pl. 50 (identical); Leibundgut 1977, p. 172, nos. 251–54, pl. 44, motif 247; Gualandi Genito 1977, no. 172, pl. 28 (Loeschcke I); Bailey BM II, pp. 58–59, Q 802, Q 894, and Q 933, fig. 61 (with further refs.); Bessi and Moncini 1980, no. 7, pl. 3; Goethert-Polaschek 1985, no. 372, pl. 33, motif M 124; Amaré Tafalla 1988, no. 81 (with further refs.); Bergès 1989, no. 61, fig. 34; Olcina, Reginard, and Sánchez 1990, p. 34, no. 24.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

179

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.99

Dimensions: L: 9.3 cm; W: 6.6 cm; H: 2.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Top edge chipped. Clay 10YR7/4 very pale brown, mottled glaze varying between 10YR5/2 grayish brown and 10YR6/4 light yellowish brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Filling-hole slightly above center of discus. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base-ring marked off by two circular grooves.

Discus Iconography: Warship with six pairs of oars sailing to left.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group ii

Date: Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Germany

Parallels: Loeschcke 1919, no. 460, pl. 11; Brun and Gagnière 1937, no. 79; Rodríguez Neila 1977, p. 395, nos. 34–35, pl. 33 (Osuna); Leibundgut 1977, p. 161, no. 208, pl. 36, motif 164 (Loeschcke I); Goethert-Polaschek 1987, nos. 1–3, fig. 19; Bailey BM III, p. 45, Q 2397–Q 2398, pl. 63, fig. 56 (Cyprus); Kunst der Antike 10, no. 236; Morillo Cerdán 1999, fig. 141, motif 56; Bussière 2000, no. 283, decor II.a.2.(2); Bémont 2002, p. 102, no. 146, D 157, pl. 13; Rivet 2003, p. 146, nos. 205–6; Nimes Museum, lamp inv. no. 908.51.1503; Museum of Art and Archaeology, University of Missouri–Columbia, acc. no. 70.112 (1).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

180

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.96

Dimensions: L: 11.3 cm; W: 7.7 cm; H: 2.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR6/4 light brown, glaze varying between 2.5YR5/4 reddish brown and 2.5YR5/6 red.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Filling-hole in left field. Small air hole on nozzle. Round-tipped volute-nozzle; burn marks. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s signature: double planta pedis CCLOD//CCLOD (back to back).

Discus Iconography: Fisherman to left, wearing tunic and round-rimmed hat, pulling out his net; rocks(?) behind him.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group ii

Date: A.D. 40–70 or even Flavian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Egypt

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

181

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.541

Dimensions: L: 10.0 cm; W: 7.2 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Tip of nozzle partly broken off; long thin crack along join of two halves; various surface chips. Clay near 5YR7/6 reddish yellow, Red-on-White glaze: light layer 5YR8/4 pink, red layer near 10R6/6 light red.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Filling-hole in lower field. Round-tipped volute-nozzle; burn marks. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Erotic scene on a bed; man at left kneeling and holding up the woman’s leg.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group ii

Date: Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Unknown

Parallels: Loeschcke 1919, no. 406, pl. 8; Evelein 1928, no. 39, pl. 5; Perlzweig 1961, no. 41, pl. 2; Deneauve 1969, no. 483, pl. 50; Heres 1972, no. 193, pl. 24; Leibundgut 1977, p. 163, no. 214, pl. 38, motif 176 (Loeschcke I); Gualandi Genito 1977, no. 242, pl. 35; Bailey BM II, Q 828, pl. 7, fig. 70, and Q 880, pl. 13; Goethert-Polaschek 1985, nos. 411–548, pl. 56; Carré 1995, nos. 370–71, fig. 44 (Bolsena); Larese and Sgreva 1996, p. 149, no. 226a; Chrzanovski et al. 2000, p. 66, no. 9; Moscara 2003, fig. 4, motif VII.1.3; Chrzanovski 2006, p. 67, no. 68; Casas Genover and Soler Fusté 2006, p. 158, no. G 628, pl. 38 (with further refs.); cat. 182.

Provenance: Before 1982, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); by 1982–1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Galerie Günter Puhze 1982, no. 257.

182

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.549

Dimensions: L: 10.5 cm; W: 7.6 cm; H: 2.4 cm

Condition and Fabric: Left shoulder partly broken; several cracks on basin and base restored; piece of basin missing. Clay 7.5YR7/2 pinkish gray, glaze mostly 5YR6/6 reddish yellow, with darker burned areas on top and lower part.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Filling-hole in lower field. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Slightly raised base-ring.

Discus Iconography: Erotic scene on a bed (very close to cat. 181): man at left kneeling and holding up the woman’s leg.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group ii

Date: Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Unknown

Parallels: Deneauve 1969, no. 483, pl. 50; Bailey BM II, Q 828, pl. 7, and Q 880, pl. 13, fig. 70; Casas Genover and Soler Fusté 2006, p. 158, no. G 628, pl. 38; cat. 181 with further refs.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

183

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.554

Dimensions: L: 10.5 cm; W: 7.6 cm; H: 2.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact except for minor chips. Clay 5YR6/4 light reddish brown, glaze originally(?) 2.5YR4/4 reddish brown; heavily burned both on top and lower part.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Filling-hole in lower field. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Erotic scene on a bed: man at left lying on his back, woman at right kneeling on top of him.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group ii

Date: Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Unknown

Parallels: Loeschcke 1919, no. 420, pl. 8; Oziol 1977, nos. 391–94, pl. 21; (close) Bailey BM II, p. 69, Q 804, Q 806, and Q 937, fig. 71 (with further refs.); Rivet 2003, p. 139, no. 138; Bochum Museum, Schüller Collection, cat. no. 232, S 666 identical (Anatolia).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

184

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.150

Dimensions: L: 11.9 cm; W: 8.3 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Thin crack on right lower part of top; much overpaint. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, glaze mostly 5YR5/6 yellowish red.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Central filling-hole. Small air hole on nozzle top. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: M.S. (CIL 8, 22644, no. 196).

Discus Iconography: Oak wreath tied at top with ribbons, eight leaves and two acorns.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group ii

Date: Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Joly 1974, p. 130, nos. 402–4, pl. 15; Bailey BM III, p. 89, Q 1688, fig. 113; Bussière 2000, p. 210, no. 510, decor IV.b.2.(1).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

185

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.94

Dimensions: L: 11.7 cm; W: 8.3 cm; H: 2.4 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact; modern overpaint. Clay near 5YR6/2 pinkish gray, glaze between 2.5YR4/4 and 2.5YR4/6 reddish brown and red.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VI a. Filling-hole in left field. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Two nude women at a water basin with fluted base; left one pouring water from a jug.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group ii

Date: Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: (Close) Iványi 1935, no. 6, pl. 2 (Loeschcke I); Lerat 1954, no. 127, pl. 16 (fr.); Deneauve 1969, no. 334, pl. 39, and no. 615, pl. 62 (Loeschcke V); Vikić-Belančić 1976, pl. 4.5 (Loeschcke I); Hellmann 1987, no. 149, pl. 16 (Loeschcke V); Mlasowsky 1993, p. 81, no. 68; Larese and Sgreva 1996, no. 53a (Loeschcke I); Morillo Cerdán 1999, no. 11 (discus fr.); Bussière 2000, no. 459, pl. 40 (Loeschcke V), decor I.a.8.(8); Buzov 2006, p. 178, no. 5, pl. 1 (Loeschcke I); Casas Genover and Soler Fusté 2006, no. G 413, pl. 30; Gorny and Mosch 2006, p. 198, lot 576 (Loeschcke V).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

Discussion: LIMC 2.2, p. 43, no. 452, s.v. Aphrodite, a bronze mirror in the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, shows the same two figures, but behind the water basin one can see a small statue of Venus/Aphrodite standing on a pillar.

186

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.74

Dimensions: L: 10.7 cm; W: 8.5 cm; H: 2.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR6/4 light brown, mottled glaze varying between 5YR5/4 and 5YR4/2 reddish brown and dark reddish gray.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Filling-hole in lower right field. Small air hole on nozzle. Round-tipped volute-nozzle; burn marks. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Closely draped standing figure playing kithara (Muse?).

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group ii

Date: Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Southern Anatolia

Parallels: Waldhauer 1914, no. 205, pl. 19; Bernabò Brea and Cavalier 1965, no. 20, pl. 229 (Loeschcke I); Belchior 1969, pl. 10.1 (fr.); Oziol 1977, nos. 465–67, pl. 25; Sapelli 1979, no. 114, pl. 11; Bailey BM II, Q 817 (with further refs.); Bessi and Moncini 1980, no. 116, pl. 15; Hellmann 1987, no. 244, pl. 30 (Loeschcke VIII); Bailey BM III, Q 2376–Q 2377, pl. 63, and Q 2431, pl. 64; Heimerl 2001, motif M.1–2, 5; Chrzanovski 2006, p. 63, no. 49; Bémont and Chew 2007, pp. 181, 441, pl. 16, IT 21.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

Discussion: For the discus motif, Bailey hesitates between Apollo, a Muse, or Orpheus (Bailey BM II, Q 817). The Getty lamp decor suggests a female silhouette—a Muse—an interpretation shared by Hellmann 1987 (no. 244) and by Bémont and Chew 2007 (IT 21).

187

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.64

Dimensions: L: 11.1 cm; W: 7.6 cm; H: 2.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR6/6 reddish yellow, mottled glaze varying between 2.5YR6/6 light red and 2.5YR5/6 red.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Filling-hole in lower field. Unpierced air hole on nozzle with burn marks. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Large plain planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: Lion to right on top of stag, biting its throat.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group ii

Date: Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Given by Schüller as being north African, but more likely from the eastern Mediterranean.

Parallels: None found for this presumably eastern Mediterranean lamp; on lamps from the western part of the Mediterranean one sees a popular decor with a lion killing a mule or a horse in a not very different position (see cat. 188 or Bailey BM II, p. 161, Q 866, and p. 72, fig. 75).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

188

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.62

Dimensions: L: 12.3 cm; W: 8.9 cm; H: 2.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR7/3 very pale brown, unevenly preserved glaze 10YR5/2 grayish brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Filling-hole lower right. Small air hole on nozzle top. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Workshop mark: letter I or vertical line in relief.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Lion to right, head frontal, killing mule lying under him; feline’s tail curled up.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group ii

Date: Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Brants 1913, no. 165, pl. 2 (Loeschcke I); (identical) Loeschcke 1919, no. 484, pl. 11; Kricheldorf 1962, no. 27, pl. 3, and no. 66, pl. 8 (signed L.M.C.); Deneauve 1969, no. 497, pl. 51; Heres 1972, no. 76, pl. 12 (Loeschcke I); Rosenthal and Sivan 1978, p. 30, no. 99; Bailey BM II, p. 161, Q 866, pl. 11, and p. 72, fig. 75; Goethert-Polaschek 1985, no. 489, pl. 58; Hellmann 1985, p. 9, no. 6 (Loeschcke I), (FAVSTI), the lion’s tail is different; Bergès 1989, no. 47, fig. 32; Morillo Cerdán 1999, nos. 226–28; Bussière 2000, decor III.a.1.(24) (with further refs.); Chrzanovski 2006, p. 51; Pace 2008, p. 18 (fr.).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

189

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.137

Dimensions: L: 9.0 cm; W: 6.3 cm; H: 2.0 cm

Condition and Fabric: Clay 7.5YR8/2 whitish pink, worn glaze 10R5/6 red.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a var. Filling-hole close to center of discus. Round-tipped volute-nozzle with burn marks. Base marked off by one circular groove. Incuse potter’s signature: L.M.C. (Bailey BM II, p. 98, signature L.M.C., p. 171, Q 910, same type, with same mark, dated ca. A.D. 40–90).

Discus Iconography: Lion to left attacking crocodile from behind.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group ii

Date: A.D. 40–90

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Deneauve 1969, no. 499, pl. 52 (CYL); Heres 1972, no. 146, pl. 19; Ennabli, Salomonson, and Mahjoubi 1973, nos. 40, 158 (MNOVIVSTI) (Raqqada); Hellmann 1987, no. 139, pl. 15; Mlasowsky 1993, p. 205, nos. 192–93; Bussière 2000, p. 261, no. 307, pl. 33, and p. 197, decor III.a.4.(1) (with further refs.); Rivet 2003, p. 178, no. 487; Larese and Sgreva 1996, p. 222, no. 299 (Loeschcke VIII); Bochum Museum, Schüller Collection, cat. no. 43, S 637 (Loeschcke I) (Tunisia).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

190

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.546

Dimensions: L: 10.0 cm; W: 7.1 cm; H: 2.1 cm

Condition and Fabric: Minor chips. Clay 7.5YR6/4 light brown, glaze 10R5/8 red; burned on bottom of basin and nozzle.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a var. Filling-hole on right side of discus. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Winged Cupid at left; at right, animal resembling a mastiff or a feline(?), both individually tied by ropes to the top of a swiveling post; each rope is fixed to a belt around their waists; they are turning or jumping around with the movement of the contraption; the animal has seized Cupid’s left leg with its paw; this decor is a playful version of a cruel game in the amphitheater. See also cat. 191.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group ii

Date: Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Unknown

Parallels: Identical lamp in Chesneau’s collection (Loeschcke type VIII), inv. no. 6239 in Saint-Omer Museum (Defives and Gernez 1971), shows a somewhat similar swiveling post; see also Palol 1950, no. 95, fig. 111; Kunst der Antike 11, no. 227; Rodríguez González 1989, fig. 1.8 (Santomé); Casas Genover and Soler Fusté 2006, no. G 1223, pl. 82, for another swiveling contraption with a man and an animal, a scene those authors consider associated with the circus. See also Cassiodorus Variae 5.42 (ed. Barnish, 1992), esp. p. 92, n. 11.

Provenance: Before 1981, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); by 1981–1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Galerie Günter Puhze 1981, no. 246; Galerie Günter Puhze 1982, no. 249.

191

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.106

Dimensions: L: 9.6 cm; W: 6.8 cm; H: 2.2 cm

Condition and Fabric: Small hole in molding at left. Clay 7.5YR6/4 light brown, mottled glaze 2.5YR4/8 red and 2.5YR4/2 weak red, both shades with considerable brown quality.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a var. Filling-hole on right side of discus. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Workshop mark in relief: similar to letter V, upside down. See also cat. 190.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Winged Cupid at left, a mastiff or a feline(?) at right; both individually tied by a rope to the top of a swiveling post; each rope is fixed to a belt around their waists; they are turning around the pole; the beast has seized Cupid’s left leg, ready to bite; reference to a circus game(?).

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group ii

Date: Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: See cat. 190 and parallels given there.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

192

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.52

Dimensions: L: 12.2 cm; W: 5.2 cm; H: 2.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Broken nozzle restored. Clay 7.5YR7/2 pinkish gray, mottled glaze between 5YR4/4 and 5YR5/4 reddish brown, in two shades.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a var. Filling-hole left of central field. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s mark in slight relief: letter D (barbotine).

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Helmeted Hercules, himation flowing behind his right shoulder, armed with spear and shield, fighting serpent in the Garden of the Hesperides.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group ii

Date: Late Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: (Close) Bailey BM II, p. 159, Q 856, p. 225, Q 1066, and p. 34, fig. 31 (with further refs.). Same theme treated differently: Rey-Coquais 1964, no. 17, pl. 3; Mlasowsky 1993, p. 113, no. 98; Kunst der Antike 11, no. 232.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

193

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.59

Dimensions: L: 12.8 cm; W: 9.4 cm; H: 2.9 cm

Condition and Fabric: A few thin cracks on base; some surface chips and overpaint on top; base incrustations. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, glaze varying from 10R5/6 red (top) to 7.5YR4/4 dark brown (bottom).

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a var. Filling-hole in lower left field. Small air hole on nozzle top. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Helmeted Minerva in long flowing chiton with overfold, standing to left holding long spear and round shield.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group ii

Date: Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Southern Anatolia

Parallels: (Identical) Schäfer and Marczoch 1990, p. 40, no. 34; (close) Zaccaria Ruggiu 1980, p. 95, no. 122; Djuric 1995, p. 42, no. C 110; Bussière 2000, no. 265, pl. 31, decor I.a.7.(1) (with further refs.); Rodríguez Martín 2002, nos. 32–33 and 35, pl. 10 (frr.); (close) Bochum Museum, Schüller Collection, cat. no. 64, S 711, and cat. no. 252, S 831 (with vertical spear) (Tunisia).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

194

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.130

Dimensions: L: 12.4 cm; W: 8.6 cm; H: 2.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Thin cracks on top and body; restored. Clay 10YR6/4 light yellowish brown, glaze varying between 10YR5/4 and 10YR5/6 yellowish brown, two shades.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form II a. Central filling-hole. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Rosette of twelve petals with rounded ends.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group ii

Date: Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Bussière 2000, pp. 208–9, decor IV.a.5.(5), with refs.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

195

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.438.138

Dimensions: L: 9.6 cm; W: 6.2 cm; H: 2.4 cm

Condition and Fabric: Thin cracks on right shoulder, discus, and base; restored and partly overpainted. Clay 7.5YR8/4 pink, mottled glaze varying between 7.5YR5/2 brown and 7YR4.2 dark brown.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a var. Filling-hole in lower discus. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Wicker basket with two fish; two fowl next to it.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group ii

Date: Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Loeschcke 1919, nos. 659–61, pl. 11 (Loeschcke VIII); Brun and Gagnière 1937, nos. 198 and K 205; Leibundgut 1977, p. 159, no. 659, pl. 35, motif 153 (fr.); Bouzek 1978, no. 19; Hellmann 1987, no. 142, pl. 15; Mlasowsky 1993, p. 311, no. 303; Bémont 2002, p. 103, D 160, nos. 147–48 (with further refs.); Rivet 2003, p. 175, no. 437; Bémont and Chew 2007, pp. 239, 461, pl. 36, GA 46 (Loeschcke I).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

196

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.75

Dimensions: L: 10.1 cm; W: 7.1 cm; H: 2.2 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact; glaze better preserved on lower part. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, uneven remains of glaze 5YR5/4 reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a var. Filling-hole in lower field. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Bearded bare-chested elderly man standing to left in front of a lit altar, playing double-flute (auloi); two small trees flank the altar, two cymbals hang above.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group ii

Date: Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

Discussion: For cymbals similar to the ones on this discus, see Bisi Ingrassia 1977, pl. 48, 10a, who associates them with a Phrygian flute, both instruments dedicated to the cult of Cybele.

197

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.95

Dimensions: L: 12.5 cm; W: 8.8 cm; H: 2.9 cm

Condition and Fabric: Many cracks on top and bottom; repaired and overpainted. Clay 10YR7/3 very pale brown, uneven remains of glaze mostly 2.5YR5/6 red.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a var. Filling-hole in lower field. Air hole on nozzle top. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Raised base-ring marked by two grooves.

Discus Iconography: Triton, his legs covered with scales and ending in curled fishtails, blowing into long conch shell in his right hand; in his left, a rudder with voluted top end close to his ear.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group ii

Date: Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Álvarez-Ossorio 1942, p. 282, fig. 4; Williams 1981, no. 94, pl. 4 (fr.); Bailey BM III, p. 5, Q 1878, fig. 4; Palanques 1992, no. 324, pl. 10; Koutoussaki 2008, p. 125, no. 144 (Loeschcke VIII); (close) Siebert 1966, p. 507, fig. 25 (Athens); Bruneau 1971, p. 481, fig. 42 (Patras). For further near parallels of a Triton, see LIMC 7.1, p. 493, and 7.2, p. 390, nos. 116 and 118, s.v. Neptunus; LIMC 8.2, p. 55, no. 77b, s.v. Tritones. A mosaic from Cadiz, LIMC 8.2, p. 49, no. 30a, s.v. Tritones; a sarcophagus from Capua, LIMC 8.2, p. 50, no. 33, s.v. Tritones; and a marble statue in the Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek, Copenhagen, LIMC 8.2, p. 51, no. 45, s.v. Tritones, all show clearly that the Triton is blowing a conch shell much longer than the one on the Getty lamp.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

198

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.146

Dimensions: L: 11.8 cm; W: 7.2 cm; H: 2.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Burn marks on nozzle. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, mottled worn glaze 2.5YR5/6 red.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with two grooves. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a var. Filling-hole in lower left. Unpierced air hole on nozzle top. Round-tipped volute-nozzle with burn marks. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Cock to right.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group ii

Date: Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: Goethert-Polaschek 1985, nos. 138–263, pl. 40, motif M.198 (Loeschcke I); Gualandi Genito 1986, p. 164, no. 15 (Loeschcke I, near); Casas Genover and Soler Fusté 2006, no. G 282, pl. 21; Bochum Museum, Schüller Collection, cat. no. 103, S 721 (Anatolia).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

199

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.60

Dimensions: L: 12.3 cm; W: 8.6 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Small chip on upper part of shoulder; some overpaint. Clay 5YR6/4 light reddish brown, glaze 2.5YR5/6 red.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a var. Filling-hole slightly above center. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s mark: letter C in relief. Curved groundline.

Discus Iconography: Two gladiators (essedarii): victor standing at left, raising oval shield above his head and holding short curved sword in his right hand; his vanquished adversary is falling, one knee to the ground, oval shield lying in front of him. Victor’s name, VALERIVS, in tabula ansata in lower field.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group ii

Date: Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Southern Anatolia

Parallels: Bailey BM II, p. 52, fig. 55, and p. 161, Q 864, with another victor’s name in a tabula ansata: DIONISI (several refs. given p. 53); Morillo Cerdán 1999, decor 72; Bémont 2005, fig. 3. For a representation of the defeated gladiator alone, see cat. 132 (Loeschcke type I).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

200

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.104

Dimensions: L: 11.0 cm; W: 7.6 cm; H: 2.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Cracks on shoulder and discus. Clay near 10YR6/2 light brownish gray, much-burned glaze between 10YR5/1 gray and 10YR4/1 dark gray.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III b. Filling-hole in lower left. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: COPPIRES, workshop active during Late Flavian to Early Antonine period. Short vertical line under the signature.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Cupid walking to left on wavy groundline, carrying Hercules’ club on his back and an arrow in his right hand.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group ii

Date: Late Flavian to Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Brants 1913, no. 709, pl. 5 (Loeschcke VIII); Ferreira de Almeida 1953, no. 64, pl. 34; Skinkel-Taupin 1980, no. 18a–b (Loeschcke VIII, signed CLO.HELI); Bussière 2000, no. 329, pl. 35, decor I.b.1.(22) (with further refs.); Chrzanovski et al. 2000, p. 22, no. 1, pl. 1; Mlasowsky 1993, p. 133, no. 112 (Loeschcke VIII); Bochum Museum, Schüller Collection, cat. no. 68, S 695 (Tunisia); cat. 215.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

201

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.93

Dimensions: L: 11.1 cm; W: 7.7 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact except for slight chip on filling-hole. Clay 10YR6/2 light brownish gray, glaze mostly 5YR5/2 reddish gray, bottom grayish, burned.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form IV a. Filling-hole at left. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: SOTE.

Discus Iconography: Nude Mars standing frontally, holding plumed helmet in his right hand, spear in his left; shield slung over his left arm.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group ii

Date: Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Deneauve 1969, no. 407, pl. 45; Rodríguez Martín 2002, no. 43, pl. 12 (fr.).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

202

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.57

Dimensions: L: 10.9 cm; W: 7.8 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Thin crack on upper discus, several on bottom; restored and overpainted. Clay 10YR7/3 very pale brown, uneven glaze mostly 7.5YR5/4 brown.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form IV a. Filling-hole close to center of discus. Unpierced air hole on top of nozzle. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: L.M.SA.

Discus Iconography: Two nude wrestlers (pancratists); victor standing at right (backview) looking to right; knocked-out adversary half lying on the ground.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group ii

Date: Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Deneauve 1969, nos. 468 (GABINIA) and 469–470 (EROTIS), pl. 49; Bussière and Rivel 2012, no. 113 (LMADIEC); Bochum Museum, Schüller Collection, cat. no. S 0735 (L.M.S.A.) (Tunisia).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

203

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.399

Dimensions: L: 10.1 cm; W: 6.8 cm; H: 2.4 cm

Condition and Fabric: Short crack on discus; modern overpaint all over. Clay 7.5YR6/4 light brown, modern overpaint near 2.5YR4/4 reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form IV a. Filling-hole in lower field. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse mark not totally legible: probably LMVNSVC, workshop active during Late Flavian to Trajanic period.

Discus Iconography: Erotic scene: man lying on bed to left; woman with her back to him squatting on top of him.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group ii

Date: Late Flavian to Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

204

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.123

Dimensions: L: 9.9 cm; W: 6.9 cm; H: 2.4 cm

Condition and Fabric: Thin cracks on nozzle, rim, and discus. Clay 10YR7/2 light gray, partly worn varying glaze 10YR5/2 to 10YR5/3 grayish brown and brown.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form IV a. Filling-hole lower left. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s signature in light relief (barbotine): M SV.

Discus Iconography: Elderly man wearing hat and tunic walking to left, bent under the weight of a basket and an animal (rabbit[?]) affixed to opposite ends of a long curved pole over his left shoulder; right hand holding walking stick.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group ii

Date: Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Deneauve 1969, no. 479, pl. 50; Boube 1977, p. 442, pl. CXCV.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

205

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.143

Dimensions: L: 11.0 cm; W: 7.6 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Several thin cracks on shoulder, discus, and base; restored. Clay 7.5YR6/4 light brown, glaze mostly 7.5YR5/4 brown.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form IV a. Filling-hole in lower field. Small air hole at top of nozzle. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: CCLOSVC, workshop active A.D. 80/90–140.

Discus Iconography: Dove to right on an olive branch, pecking at a fruit.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group ii

Date: Late Flavian to Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Kricheldorf 1962, nos. 77–80, pl. 9; Heres 1972, no. 79, pl. 12 (Loeschcke I); Guéry 1985, no. 188e, pl. 1 (MVNTREP) (Sétif); Bailey BM III, p. 81, fig. 102, and p. 304, Q 2418–Q 2420 (Cyprus); Bussière 2000, decor III.b.6.(2), with several refs. to this very popular motif in most parts of the Roman Empire; Hellmann 1985, p. 24, no. 20 (SYRTEPI) (Loeschcke VIII); Casas Genover and Soler Fusté 2006, no. G 115, pl. 10 (fr.); (close) Bémont and Chew 2007, pp. 255, 468, pl. 43, GA 112 (Vaison[?]).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

206

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.141

Dimensions: L: 11.0 cm; W: 7.7 cm; H: 2.4 cm

Condition and Fabric: A few cracks over top and bottom; restored; overpainted all over. Clay hidden by modern overpaint near 2.5YR4/4 reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form IV a. Filling-hole in lower field. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: GABINIA, workshop active A.D. 80–140.

Discus Iconography: Dove to right on an olive branch, pecking at a fruit (motif identical to cat. 205); seven dots incised around tail.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group ii

Date: Late Flavian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: See cat. 205.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

207

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.87

Dimensions: L: 10.3 cm; W: 7.4 cm; H: 2.6.

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay near 7.5YR7/2 pinkish gray, uneven glaze varying between 2.5YR5/6 red and 5YR4/2 dark reddish gray.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form IV a. Deep discus. Filling-hole in lower field. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Deer running to right attacked by a dog in the foreground.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group ii

Date: Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: Kirsch 2002, no. 45, pl. 5, motif 184 (with further refs.).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

208

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.121

Dimensions: L: 9.8 cm; W: 7.0 cm; H: 2.1 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR7/2 light gray, mottled glaze mostly 2.5YR5/4 reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VI a. Filling-hole in lower field. Unpierced air hole on nozzle. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Two heads or busts, actors or theater masks(?), with abundant hair (the one at right slightly tilting, mouth closed). Under each of them, a garment or support(?) with one vertical and four horizontal lines.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group iii

Date: Late Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

209

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.53

Dimensions: L: 12.1 cm; W: 8.7 cm; H: 3.0 cm

Condition and Fabric: Filling-hole chipped. Clay near 5YR 5/2 reddish gray, glaze originally 10R4/6 dark yellowish brown; parts burned darker.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VI a. Filling-hole in lower field. Small air hole at top of nozzle. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base-ring marked off by two grooves. Plain planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: Ulysses tied with ropes under a ram’s belly to escape from the cave of Polyphemus; the figure might be one of Ulysses' companions, for he is not wearing the hero’s conical hat, as on cat. 213 and cat. 219, but a round sailor’s hat, as on cat. 259).

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group iii

Date: Late Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Southern Anatolia

Parallels: Álvarez-Ossorio 1942, fig. 2; Deneauve 1969, no. 440, pl. 47; Heres 1972, no. 128, pl. 17; Oziol 1977, nos. 608–11 (Loeschcke VIII); Leibundgut 1977, p. 142, no. 142, pl. 28, motif 56; Bailey BM III, p. 36, Q 2482–Q 2483 (with further refs.), Q 2483, pl. 67, fig. 40 (Loeschcke VIII, from Cyprus); Palanques 1992, no. 839, pl. 33; Rodríguez Martín 2002, no. 122 (complete), no. 121 (fr.), pl. 25; Casas Genover and Soler Fusté 2006, no. G 483, pl. 32 (fr.); Svoboda 2006, p. 55, no. 54; LIMC 8.2, p. 670, no. 37, s.v. Polyphemos I.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

210

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.61

Dimensions: L: 12.5 cm; W: 8.9 cm; H: 2.9 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR6/3 pale brown, glaze 10YR4/3 dark brown.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VI a. Filling-hole in lower field. Small air hole on top of nozzle. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Dolphin to left with trident.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group iii

Date: Late Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Southern Anatolia

Parallels: Israeli and Avida 1988, p. 28, no. 29.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

211

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.92

Dimensions: L: 10.1 cm; W: 6.8 cm; H: 2.2 cm

Condition and Fabric: Several cracks on upper front and base; much restored; base incrustations. Clay 10YR7/3 very pale brown, glaze mostly 2.5YR5/4 reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VI a. Filling-hole lower right with remains of corroded iron wick-nail. Unpierced small air hole on top of nozzle. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: C.OPPI.RES.

Discus Iconography: Bust of bearded Hadrian to right, wearing laurel wreath tied with streamers; drapery on shoulder; scepter in front of him.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group iii

Date: Hadrianic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: (Identical) Waldhauer 1914, no. 216, pl. 21 (ROMANESIS); Walters 1914, p. 209, no. 1386, fig. 326 (fr.); Álvarez-Ossorio 1942, p. 280, no. 4–13.506, figs. 2–4; Kricheldorf 1962, no. 60, pl. 7 (C.OPPI.RES); Bruneau 1965, no. 4604, pl. 30 (Delos); Bailey BM II, p. 226, Q 1073, pl. 37, fig. 47 = Walters 1914, no. 1386; Williams 1981, no. 137, pl. 6 (ROMANESIS) (Kenchreai); Kunst der Antike 10, no. 232; Hellmann 1985, pp. 13–14, no. 13 (ROMANIIS) (Cyprus); Schäfer and Marczoch 1990, p. 41, no. 36 (Egypt); Hübinger 1993, no. 124, pl. 15 (Rome); Mlasowsky 2003, p. 184, figs. 1–3 (interpreted as Domitian and probably signed L.MADIEC). (The same bust without scepter): Bruneau 1965, no. 4605, pl. 30 (Delos); Raselli-Nydegger 2005, fig. 13; Bochum Museum, Schüller Collection, cat. no. S 1097, pict. 2010–02–03.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

Discussion:
Bailey assigns the end of production of his type B = Loeschcke type IV to the Trajanic period (BM II, p. 157). Logically, there would be a chronological incompatibility with a lamp of this type showing Hadrian’s portrait. But later, Bailey admits that the production of Cnidian lamps of his type B lasted until the beginning of Hadrian’s reign, as proved by several lamps of this type bearing that emperor's portrait (Bailey BM III, p. 327).

Following the earlier chronology of the type given in BM II, Mlasowsky is the only author to assume that the portrait is Domitian’s. However, the portraits of Domitian we have consulted—on sculptures and coins, in addition to the examples given by Mlasowsky (2003, figs. 4–6)—do not show the emperor with a beard, in contrast to the portraits of Hadrian. It is surprising that Mlasowsky does not mention any parallels to the Hanover lamp he publishes, nor does he refer to the commonly accepted interpretation of the portrait as Hadrian (Mlasowsky 2003, p. 184, figs. 1–3).

212

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.51

Dimensions: L: 12.9 cm; W: 9.0 cm; H: 2.9 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, mottled glaze varying between 7.5YR4/4 dark brown and 7.5YR5/4 brown.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VI a. Filling-hole lower left. Small air hole at top of nozzle. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Small planta pedis with illegible letters.

Discus Iconography: Apollo to right, legs draped, seated on an elaborate chair, playing the kithara.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group iii

Date: Late Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Heres 1972, no. 20, pl. 5 (Loeschcke III); Oziol 1977, no. 464, pl. 25; Bailey BM II, p. 11, Q 1057, fig. 6 (fr.) (with further refs.); Bonnet 1988, fig. 10.7, motif 2.P.A-D2; (close) Bessi and Moncini 1980, no. 117, pl. 15.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

213

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.55

Dimensions: L: 11.7 cm; W: 8.3 cm; H: 2.9 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR6/4 light reddish brown, glaze mostly 2.5YR5/6 red.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VI a. Filling-hole left of center. Tiny air hole at top of round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Double vertical planta pedis inscribed PVF PVF, workshop active Neronian to Flavian period, according to Bailey (BM II, p. 103).

Discus Iconography: Bearded Ulysses, wearing his typical pointed cap and tunic, holding out his right hand, half kneeling; gabled building behind him.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group iii

Date: Neronian to Flavian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Southern Anatolia

Parallels: Ponsich 1961, no. 63, pl. 6; Bailey BM II, pp. 35–37, Q 929, fig. 32; Rodríguez Martín 2002, no. 124, pl. 25; Bochum Museum, Schüller Collection, cat. no. 77, S 0732 (Tunisia).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

214

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.111

Dimensions: L: 10.7 cm; W: 7.8 cm; H: 2.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: Many cracks across discus and base. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, glaze 2.5YR5/6 red; parts slightly burned.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VI b. Filling-hole lower left. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: GABINIA, workshop dated Late Flavian to Early Antonine (Bailey BM II, p. 96). Relief mark under signature: maybe letter D(?).

Discus Iconography: Half-dressed winged Victory standing frontal, right hand holding a wreath, left a palm branch.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group iii

Date: Late Flavian to Early Antonine

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Bussière 2000, p. 166, no. 332, pl. 35, decor I.b.9.(1) (with further refs.); Rodríguez Martín 2002, no. 90, pl. 19 (fr.); Svoboda 2006, no. 56; see also cat. 224.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

215

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.105

Dimensions: L: 11.0 cm; W: 7.6 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Thin cracks on discus and back. Clay 10YR6/4 light yellowish brown, glaze 7.5YR5/4 brown.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form IV a. Filling-hole in left field. Air hole at top of nozzle. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: CCLO.SVC, workshop active Late Flavian to Early Antonine.

Discus Iconography: Cupid walking to left on wavy groundline, carrying Hercules’ club on his back and an arrow in his right hand.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group iii

Date: Late Flavian to Early Antonine

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Heres 1972, no. 202, pl. 32 (Loeschcke VIII); Bussière 2000, no. 329, pl. 35 (with further refs.); Kunst der Antike 13, no. 154 (LMVNPHILE) (Loeschcke VIII); Bochum Museum, Schüller Collection, cat. no. 161, S 809 (Loeschcke IV) (Tunisia); cat. 200.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

216

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.548

Dimensions: L: 9.2 cm; W: 4.7 cm; H: 2.4 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR8/3 very pale brown, glaze 5YR5/4 reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VI b. Filling-hole slightly below center. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove, with impressed central dot.

Discus Iconography: Boar rushing to right.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group iii

Date: Late Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Unknown

Parallels: Lyster 1970, no. 20, fig. 7; Farka 1977, p. 136, motif 114; Boube 1977, p. 464, pl. CCXVII (Bab Zaër, Morocco); Olcina, Reginard, and Sánchez 1990, p. 26, no. 12; Bussière 2000, p. 197, no. 340, pl. 36, decor III.a.6.(1) (with further refs.); Bochum Museum, Schüller Collection, cat. no. 114, S 697 (Tunisia), and cat. no. 171, S 789 (Loeschcke VIII) (Tunisia).

Provenance: Before 1982, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); by 1982–1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Galerie Günter Puhze 1982, no. 252.

217

Inventory Number: 81.AQ.38.1

Dimensions: L: 10.5 cm; W: 7.5 cm; H: 2.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact; from worn mold. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, glaze mostly 2.5YR5/4 reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII b. Central filling-hole. Small air hole on upper part of round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Blurred potter’s signature; of five or six letters only the first is legible: C.

Discus Iconography: Two helmeted gladiators in combat; the right one, lifting both arms, has dropped his shield and holds a short sword in his left hand; the left one, who seems to be the winner, is raising a rectangular convex shield and holding a sica.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group iii

Date: Late Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Tunisia

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: – 1981, William L. Eagleton, Jr., American, 1926–2011, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1981.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

218

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.159

Dimensions: L: 8.1 cm; W: 5.8 cm; H: 2.4 cm

Condition and Fabric: Restored from several frr. Clay 2.5YR5/6 red, glaze between 10YR6/1 and 10YR4/1 gray and dark gray; burned(?).

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Shoulder: Loeschcke form II a. Discus rosette separated from central filling-hole by a molding with three ridges. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base-ring marked off by two grooves.

Discus Iconography: Counterclockwise swirling rosette with eighteen petals.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group iii

Date: Late Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: (Identical) Deneauve 1969, no. 366, pl. 42 (Loeschcke I); Larese and Sgreva 1996, nos. 55 and 59 (Loeschcke I); Morillo Cerdán 1999, fig. 156, motif 189 (with further refs.); Bussière 2000, no. 249, decor V.a.1 (1) (with further refs.) (Loeschcke IV); Heimerl 2001, fig. 13, motif 392; Bémont 2002, no. 166, pl. 16 (close); Hanotte 2005, no. 61, pl. 65, fig. 8; (close) Casas Genover and Soler Fusté 2006, no. G 286, pl. 21; Bémont and Chew 2007, pp. 264, 473, pl. 48, GA 150.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

219

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.54

Dimensions: L: 12.4 cm; W: 9.1 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Three thin cracks on discus. Clay 10YR6/2 light brownish gray, glaze varying between 10YR4/2 dark grayish brown and 7.5YR5/2 brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VI b. The details of the discus iconography are not visible on the BM lamp discus (see discussion below), whose lower right part is missing. Filling-hole lower left. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s mark in slight relief: letter T.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Ulysses and Neoptolemus stealing the bow of Philoctetes; bird (crow[?]) perching on Philoctetes’ right foot; two wounded birds lying in the foreground.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group iii

Date: First century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Southern Anatolia

Parallels: Bailey BM II, p. 35, Q 1069, pl. 37, fig. 32, which is published in LIMC 7.1, p. 383, no. 68, s.v. Philoktetes, and illustrated in LIMC 7.2, p. 325, no. 68 (pointing out the oddity of the wings on Neoptolemus’s back).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

Discussion:
About an identical lamp in the BM, Bailey writes:

The wounded Philoctetes reclines in a cave, supporting his head on his left hand; he is draped about the lower body and legs, and wears sandals. In his right hand he holds, as a fly-whisk, the wing of a bird. In front of the cave is a dead bird and a leaf. Ulysses, wearing a pointed cap, peers round the left side of the cave mouth, while above the mouth of the cave Neoptolemus is shown reaching down to remove the bow and quiverful of arrows which had belonged to Hercules, but was at that time in the possession of Philoctetes. Neoptolemus, who holds on to the edge of the cave with his left hand, has two very curious “wings” rising from his shoulders; he is, perhaps, conflated here with Cupid, who was given to playing with Hercules’ weapons. (BM II, p. 35, Q 1069, fig. 32.)

220

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.401

Dimensions: L: 10.8 cm; W: 7.7 cm; H: 3.1 cm

Condition and Fabric: Restored from several frr.; some infill and overpaint on base. Clay 10YR7/3 very pale brown, a few remains of worn glaze 10YR4/2 dark grayish brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VI b. Filling-hole slightly below center of discus. Air hole at top of nozzle. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: COPPIRES, workshop active from Late Flavian to Hadrianic period.

Discus Iconography: Erotic scene on bed; woman lying on her back to left; man kneeling and lifting the woman’s leg.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group iii

Date: Late Flavian to Trajanic or Hadrianic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: (Identical) Deneauve 1969, p. 137, no. 481, pl. 50 (CCLOSVC), and p. 137, no. 482, pl. 50 (LMVNSVC); (close) Heres 1972, no. 134, pl. 18; Cahn-Klaiber 1977, no. 176, pl. 16; Leibundgut 1977, p. 163, nos. 552–53, pl. 37, motif 175 (fr.); Bailey BM II, p. 66, Q 882, pl. 13, fig. 69, and Q 979 (Loeschcke V), pl. 24 (further refs. p. 65); Hellmann 1987, no. 127, pl. 13, and no. 173, pl. 19 (fr.).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

221

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.530

Dimensions: L: 15.2 cm; W: 10.0 cm; H: 3.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Cracks on base; slightly restored near handle. Clay 7.5YR8/2 pinkish white, glaze 10R5/6 red.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with three grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VI b. Filling-hole below center of discus. Air hole at top of nozzle. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base-ring marked off by two grooves. Potter’s incuse plain planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: Neptune drawn by four sea horses to left, rudder in his left hand, an unidentified item in his right; shell and waves in foreground.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group iii

Date: Late Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Southern Anatolia

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

222

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.85

Dimensions: L: 11.2 cm; W: 6.1 cm; H: 2.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR6/4 light brown, glaze between 2.5YR5/4 and 2.5YR4/4 reddish brown, two shades.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a. Filling-hole below center. Round-tipped volute-nozzle with burn marks. Base marked off by one circular groove. Relief potter’s mark: letter S with two short parallel lines under it.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Circus scene with chariot race; quadriga rushing to right, charioteer energetically whipping horses; under the animals’ feet, at bottom right, probably a man’s corpse run over, possibly a charioteer lying among pieces of his broken chariot(?); behind are different structures and buildings, from left to right: Egyptian obelisk, stand of lap-counting dolphins with spiral-fluted columns, column supporting statue of Victory, two-storey polygonal building with pointed roof and four statues or spectators(?), and, at the end, an unidentified design. Tabula ansata in lower field inscribed TERES, probably the name of the victorious charioteer.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group iii

Date: Late Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: Mercando 1962, p. 37, no. 29 (Loeschcke VIII), potter’s mark TCT in relief in tabula ansata; Heres 1972, no. 159, pl. 20, identical, with the same mark TERES in relief in tabula ansata; Skinkel-Taupin 1980, no. 23 (identical with same mark); for more but different chariot-race representations, see Bailey BM II, p. 56, fig. 58. (Near) Cuomo di Caprio and Santoro Bianchi 1983, no. 24, pl. 2. For iconography of Circus Maximus, see Marcattili 2006.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

223

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.98

Dimensions: L: 10.5 cm; W: 7.6 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Top of nozzle partly broken. Clay 5YR7/4 pink, uneven glaze between 5YR6/4 light reddish brown and 5YR5/4 reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a, with external row of beads. Another row of similar beads encircles discus, with an additional half-circle of beads at bottom of discus. Filling-hole in lower field. Round-tipped volute-nozzle with burn marks. Blurred base-ring.

Discus Iconography: Circus scene with victorious quadriga to left slowly parading beside spina; charioteer holding reins in left hand, victory crown in his right; behind him the following items (left to right): stand of lap-counting dolphins supported by spiral-fluted column, three vertical rows of beads (spectators’ heads[?]), probably column with statue of Victory, and a big palm leaf.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group iii

Date: Late Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Southern Anatolia

Parallels: Bailey BM II, p. 56, Q 920, pl. 16, fig. 58 (with more buildings and without the beaded motif); (slightly different) Bessi and Moncini 1980, nos. 2–3, pl. 3; Rodríguez Martín 2002, no. 170, pl. 33; Chrzanovski et al. 2000, p. 62, no. 46; Bémont and Chew 2007, pp. 264, 473, pl. 48, GA 151.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

224

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.71

Dimensions: L: 10.3 cm; W: (at ear) 8.6 cm, (basin) 7.2 cm; H: 2.9 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, slip nearly same color.

Description: Moldmade. Prominent and substantial left side-lug decorated with stylized palm leaf. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII b. Filling-hole in left field with traces of iron corrosion. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: L.MADIEC, workshop active Late Flavian to Hadrianic period.

Discus Iconography: Half-dressed frontal winged Victory, right hand holding a wreath, left a palm branch; perhaps standing on a globe pierced by air hole.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group iv

Date: Late Flavian to Hadrianic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: (Same but without side-lug) Bussière 2000, no. 332, pl. 35, p. 166, decor I.b.9.(1) (with further refs.); Rodríguez Martín 2002, no. 90, pl. 19 (fr.); Svoboda 2006, no. 56; Kunst der Antike 9, no. 258 (LMADIEC); cat. 214.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

225

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.82

Dimensions: L: 9.6 cm; W: 6.6 cm; H: 2.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR7/3 very pale brown, worn remains of glaze 7.5YR5/4 brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII b. Filling-hole in lower field. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Flat base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s signature: LMADIEC, workshop active Late Flavian to Hadrianic period.

Discus Iconography: Amazon falling from her horse to right; right hand holding an axe, left a shield (pelta).

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group iv

Date: Late Flavian to Hadrianic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Bachofen and Meuli 1958, no. 3, pl. 36; Cahn-Klaiber 1977, p. 82, no. 252, pl. 25 (fr.); Goethert-Polaschek 1985, no. 270, pl. 26; Bergès 1989, no. 58, fig. 34; Schäfer and Marczoch 1990, p. 40, no. 33; Vernou-Magister 1991, no. 5, fig. 3. For the same shield (or pelta), see Rodríguez Martín 2002, no. 134, pl. 27; Bussière and Rivel 2012, no. 114.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

226

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.56

Dimensions: L: 11.6 cm; W: 8.4 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, unevenly applied and worn glaze mostly 2.5YR5/4 reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII b. Filling-hole in lower part. Air hole at top of nozzle. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Biga to left with charioteer whipping horses.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group iv

Date: Flavian, or possibly later

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Brants 1913, no. 218, pl. 2 (Loeschcke I); Bailey BM II, p. 57, Q 796, fig. 59; Antico Gallina and Condina 1990, no. 13, pl. 26.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

227

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.58

Dimensions: L: 11.1 cm; W: 8.0 cm; H: 3.0 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, glaze mostly 7.5YR5/4 brown.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII b. Filling-hole in lower part. Air hole at top of nozzle. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: MVNARES.

Discus Iconography: Two gladiators (Myrmillones[?]); standing victor at left with short straight sword, putting his left hand on his adversary’s shoulder; at right, the latter has fallen to the ground, still holding his curved sword (sica); both wear loincloth, plumed helmet, greaves (ocreae), and arm protections (manicae).

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group iv

Date: Flavian to Trajanic or Hadrianic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Loeschcke 1919, nos. 127–28, pl. 9; Ponsich 1961, no. 51, pl. 6; Deneauve 1969, no. 461, pl. 49 (signed L.MADIEC); Bergès 1989, p. 85, no. 66, fig. 35 (Loeschcke V).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

228

Inventory Number: 79.AQ.28.1

Dimensions: L: 10.8 cm; W: 7.5 cm; H: 2.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, scant traces of glaze 10R5/6 red.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII b. Filling-hole in lower part. Air hole at top of nozzle. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: EROTIS, workshop active Late Flavian to Hadrianic; small circle underneath.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Two nude pugilists on groundline; left one knocked down, seated; victor standing, seen from behind.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group iv

Date: Late Flavian to Hadrianic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Tunisia

Parallels: Loeschcke 1919, nos. 127–28, pl. 9; Ponsich 1961, no. 51, pl. 6; Deneauve 1969, no. 468 (GABINIA), and nos. 469–70 (EROTIS), pl. 49; Bergès 1989, p. 85, no. 66, fig. 35 (Loeschcke V); Bussière and Rivel 2012, no. 113 (L.MADIEC).

Provenance: – 1979, William L. Eagleton, Jr., American, 1926–2011, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1979.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

229

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.86

Dimensions: L: 11.0 cm; W: 7.7 cm; H: 2.9 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact; top overpainted. Clay near 5YR7/3 pink, glaze 10R5/4 weak red.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII b. Filling-hole lower left. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: MVERCEVP.

Discus Iconography: Two nude pugilists, left one kicking his adversary’s thigh with his right foot, while pushing him back with his left hand.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group iv

Date: Flavian to Trajanic or Hadrianic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Brants 1913, no. 896, pl. 5 (Loeschcke VIII); Kricheldorf 1962, no. 185, pl. 22 (Loeschcke VIII signed CIVNDRAC); Deneauve 1969, no. 467, pl. 49 (CCLOSVC); Bessi and Moncini 1980, no. 73, pl. 10 (fr.); Bonnet 1988, fig. 8.3; Mlasowsky 1993, p. 199, no. 183; cat. 230.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

230

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.108

Dimensions: L: 9.8 cm; W: 7.0 cm; H: 2.2 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR7/3 very pale brown, glaze 7.5YR6/4 light brown.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII b. Filling-hole lower left. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: L.M.SV, workshop active Late Flavian to Trajanic (Bussière 2000, p. 226).

Discus Iconography: Two nude pugilists identical to cat. 229, but cat. 229 and this one do not come from the same mold, nor from the same workshop.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group iv

Date: Late Flavian to Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Brants 1913, no. 896, pl. 5 (Loeschcke VIII); Kricheldorf 1962, no. 185, pl. 22 (Loeschcke VIII, signed CIVNDRAC); Deneauve 1969, no. 467, pl. 49 (CCLOSVC); Bessi and Moncini 1980, no. 73, pl. 10 (fr.); Bonnet 1988, fig. 8.3; Mlasowsky 1993, p. 199, no. 183; cat. 229.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

231

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.149

Dimensions: L: 11.2 cm; W: 7.8 cm; H: 2.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: A few thin cracks on discus and bottom. Clay 10YR7/4 very pale brown, worn remains of glaze 10YR5/2 grayish brown and 10YR5/3 brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII b. Filling-hole lower right. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Air hole at top of nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Workshop mark: possibly an incised I.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Lit altar flanked by two trees on which two snakes climb, their bodies twisted around the trunks.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group iv

Date: Flavian to Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: (Near) Bussière 2000, p. 267, no. 464, pl. 41, and p. 181, decor II.a.4.(5) (Loeschcke V) (with further refs.).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

Discussion: In related motifs on other lamps, the altar may be flanked by two snakes without trees.

232

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.65

Dimensions: L: 11.3 cm; W: 8.0 cm; H: 2.9 cm

Condition and Fabric: Tiny crack near air hole; some overpainting. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, glaze between 10R6/6 light red and 10YR5/6 red.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII b. Filling-hole in lower part. Air hole at top of round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: L.M.SA.

Discus Iconography: Jumping deer or stag to right, bent tree behind.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group iv

Date: Late Flavian to Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Deneauve 1969, nos. 500 (LMVNADIEC), 501 (COPPIRES), and 502 (CCLOSVC), pl. 52; Lyster 1970, fig. 8.22; Bussière 2000, no. 337, pl. 35, decor III.a.7.(2) (with further refs.); Rivet 2003, p. 140, no. 146; Kunst der Antike 10, no. 230 (CLOSVC); cat. 233.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

233

Inventory Number: 80.AQ.46.2

Dimensions: L: 9.6 cm; W: 6.8 cm; H: 2.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, glaze 10R6/6 light red.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII b. Filling-hole in lower part. Round-tipped volute-nozzle with burn marks. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: L.MADIEC.

Discus Iconography: Deer jumping to right, bent tree behind.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group iv

Date: Late Flavian to Hadrianic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Tunisia

Parallels: Bussière 2000, no. 337, pl. 35, decor III.a.7.(2) (with further refs.); cat. 232.

Provenance: – 1980, William L. Eagleton, Jr., American, 1926–2011, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1980.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

234

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.142

Dimensions: L: 9.6 cm; W: 6.8 cm; H: 2.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, mottled glaze varying between 2.5YR5/6 red and 2.5YR4/2 weak red, both shades brownish.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII b. Filling-hole in center of discus with remains of corroded iron wick-nail. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: LMVNSVC, workshop dated Late Flavian to Trajanic period.

Discus Iconography: Goat to left on groundline.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group iv

Date: Late Flavian to Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Boube 1977, p. 466, pl. CCXIX (Bab Zaër, Morocco); Rosenthal and Sivan 1978, p. 30, no. 100; Bussière 2000, no. 338, pl. 36, decor III.a.13.(2) (with further refs.).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

235

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.73

Dimensions: L: 11.0 cm; W: 7.6 cm; H: 2.9 cm

Condition and Fabric: One small scratch on right shoulder. Clay 10YR7/3 very pale brown, uneven glaze mostly 5YR5/6 yellowish red (discus), darker bottom.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII b. Filling-hole slightly left of center. Air hole at top of nozzle. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: GABMERC, workshop active Late Flavian to Early Antonine period.

Discus Iconography: Nude satyr to left playing double-flute.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group iv

Date: Late Flavian to Early Antonine

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Morillo Cerdán 1999, no. 36 (discus fr.); Rodríguez Martín 2002, no. 55, pl. 14.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

236

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.63

Dimensions: L: 11.3 cm; W: 8.0 cm; H: 2.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Thin crack on discus and nozzle top. Clay 7.5YR7/2 pinkish gray, uneven glaze between 2.5YR5/4 and 2.5YR4/4 reddish brown, one lighter, one darker shade.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII b. Filling-hole in lower part. Air hole at top of nozzle. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s signature: L.MVN.SVC, workshop active from Late Flavian to Trajanic period; below small impressed ring.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Crab seen from above with claws pointing up.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group iv

Date: Late Flavian to Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: (Close) Waldhauer 1914, nos. 234–35, pl. 24; Iványi 1935, no. 6, pl. 15; Kricheldorf 1962, no. 81, pl. 10; Deneauve 1969, no. 531, pl. 54 (signed H); Lyster 1970, no. 23, fig. 8; Heres 1972, no. 166, pl. 21; Leibundgut 1977, no. 322, pl. 50; Bailey BM II, p. 83, Q 939, pl. 18, fig. 96 (with further refs.); Bussière 2000, no. 322, pl. 34, decor III.d.2.(1) (with further refs.); Chrzanovski et al. 2000, pp. 22–23, no. 2, pl. 1; Robin Petitot 2000, p. 57, no. 100; Rodríguez Martín 2002, no. 233, pl. 43; Rivet 2003, p. 150, nos. 236–38; Chrzanovski 2006, p. 70, no. 84; Cologne Museum, Wollman collection, permanent exhibit.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

237

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.128

Dimensions: L: 9.6 cm; W: 6.9 cm; H: 2.4 cm

Condition and Fabric: Tip of nozzle chipped. Clay 5YR6/6 reddish yellow, worn remains of glaze 2.5YR5/8 red.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII b. Filling-hole in lower part. Air hole at top of nozzle. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Large scalloped shell.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group iv

Date: Late Flavian to Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Bailey BM II, p. 85, Q 940, pl. 18, fig. 99 (with further refs.); Bussière 2000, no. 336, pl. 35, decor IV.a.5.(5) (with further refs.); Heimerl 2001, no. 72, pl. 3; Bémont and Chew 2007, pp. 266, 474, pl. 49, GA 159.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

238

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.113

Dimensions: L: 9.8 cm; W: 7.3 cm; H: 2.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Restored from several frr.; discus and part of nozzle overpainted. Clay near 5YR6/6 reddish yellow, glaze between 10R5/8 and 10R4/8 red, one lighter, one darker shade.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII b. Filling-hole between man’s feet. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Slightly raised base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Entertainer in loose tunic that leaves one shoulder bare sitting on ground, turning toward tamed monkey sitting at left; at right, a cat climbs up a ladder, above which are two juggling rings; the man holds an unidentified object in his right hand, a stick in his left; on the ground to his left, three objects, which Bailey identifies as “a squat pot, a loaf of bread and a bell.”

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group iv

Date: Late Flavian to Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: Brants 1913, no. 295, pl. 3; Fremersdorf 1922, p. 94, type 23 (with further refs.); Palol 1950, no. 39, fig. 104 (fr.); Schaetzen and Vanderhoeven 1956, no. 5, pl. 1; Vegas 1964, p. 314, no. 11, fig. 4 (Loeschcke I, Novaesium); Vegas 1966a, no. 192, pl. 7 (Novaesium); Salone 1973, no. 490, pl. 57 (fr.); Leibundgut 1977, no. 263, pl. 45 (fr.); Bailey BM II, p. 61, Q 861, pl. 10, fig. 65 (with further refs.); Bessi and Moncini 1980, no. 72, pl. 10; Flügel 1999, no. L1 A–B, pl. 138; Bussière 2000, decor II.d.10.(1) (with further refs.); Rivet 2003, p. 176, nos. 457–58; Casas Genover and Soler Fusté 2006, no. G 298, pl. 22; Lindros Wohl 2017, cat. 42 (fr.).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

239

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.467

Dimensions: L: 14.0 cm; W: 10.1 cm; H: 3.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 2.5YR6/6 light red, faint traces of glaze on base and back basin 10R5/8 red. Slight mica.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Two voluted ear handles with arched, raised outer edge. Shoulder: Loeschcke form IV a. Filling-hole slightly left of center. Round-tipped volute-nozzle; burn marks. Base-ring marked off by two grooves.

Discus Iconography: Winged Bacchus leaning to the right on his thyrsus; at left striated column with unclear item on top of capital: small temple(?); small panther in front of it, its forepaws on large cantharus; behind the column, a second diagonally positioned thyrsus with streamers.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group v

Date: Claudian to Flavian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

240

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.250

Dimensions: L: 10.1 cm; W: 7.5 cm; H: 2.1 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR6/4 light reddish brown, glaze 2.5YR5/6 red. Gold mica.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. One voluted ear handle on each side. Plain flat shoulder. Flat-bottomed discus with rising sides, decorated with ring marked off by two ridges. Central filling-hole with traces of iron corrosion. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Plain planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group V, with handle

Date: Claudian to Flavian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

241

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.129

Dimensions: L: 11.5 cm; W: 7.6 cm; H: 2.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR7/3 very pale brown, a few traces of glaze 5YR5/4 reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Ear handle on each side with six impressed rays and small circles. Plain flat shoulder. Deep discus with central filling-hole. Small air hole on shoulder in front of nozzle. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s signature: COPPIRES has not been stamped in the mold but seemingly incised on the leatherhard lamp.

Discus Iconography: Band of closely spaced rays surrounding plain central discus.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group V, with handle

Date: Late Flavian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: (Near) Cologne Museum, Wollman collection, inv. no. W 3069.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

242

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.134

Dimensions: L: 10.3 cm; W: 8.0 H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR7/1 light gray, glaze 10YR4/2 dark grayish brown; burned. Mica.

Description: Moldmade. Intact. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Arched ear handle on each side. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII b. Central filling-hole. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Plain planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: Goatherd standing at left slightly leaning on his stick, watching three goats, one of them raised on its hind legs, eating leaves from a tree.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group V, variant with lugs

Date: Flavian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: (Close) Bailey BM II, p. 45, Q 923, pl. 16, fig. 48 (sharp relief showing more goats and curled-up dog not visible on Getty lamp; further refs. given); Goethert-Polaschek 1985, p. 241, no. 403, pl. 57, motif M144; Kiss 1984 p. 297, fig. 1; (identical) Fabbricotti 1992, no. 3, pl. 53.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

III.A.b.4.a Bailey type B group i, early variants

The five Getty lamps of this group all have a flat shoulder, two decorated with rills (cats. 161, 162), two with Loeschcke shoulder forms II a and II b (cats. 163, 164), and one decorated with a row of ovolos (cat. 165), as already seen on Getty lamps of Loeschcke type I A (cats. 83–84). The nozzle of these five lamps is small and rather short. Three examples have the V-shaped channel characteristic in the Augustan Loeschcke type I A. Cat. 161 has a rilled base, the others have a base-ring, which is a sign of an early date. Three have a handle, which is not found on the BM type I A series, but which is a common feature on lamps of the same type discovered in Augustan Haltern, where they were perhaps locally made. Bailey gives his group i an Augustan to Claudian date.

161

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.33

Dimensions: L: 11.0 cm; W: 8.5 cm; H: 3.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR7/3 very pale brown, faint traces of glaze in rills 10YR4/1 dark gray, a few lighter traces on exterior near 7.5YR7/6 reddish yellow.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Deep body with sloping sides. Shoulder with several rills, innermost band being wider. Filling-hole in lower field. Unpierced tiny air hole between shoulder-rills in front of nozzle. Unusually short and small volute-nozzle with rounded tip; burn marks. Three circular rounded ridges on base, separated by grooves.

Discus Iconography: Medusa head with snakes knotted under chin, surrounded by waves or imbricated S-pattern.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group i, early variants

Date: Augustan to Claudian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: (Identical) Goldman et al. 1950, p. 110, no. 149, fig. 99; same theme: Casas Genover and Soler Fusté 2006, no. G 496, pl. 33.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

162

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.151

Dimensions: L: 10.2 cm; W: 7.3 cm; H: 2.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR7/3 very pale brown, worn glaze between 5YR7/6 and 5YR6/6 reddish yellow (two close shades).

Description: Moldmade, from worn plaster mold. Inward-sloping shoulder with four rills. Filling-hole almost centered. Volute-nozzle with rounded tip; burn marks. Raised base-ring.

Discus Iconography: Crater at right, altar flanked by two palm branches at left.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group i, early variants

Date: Augustan to Claudian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

163

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.6

Dimensions: L: 12.1 cm; W: 7.3 cm; H: 4.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact (some surface loss on left basin). Part of left basin burned black; burn marks on nozzle. Clay 5YR6/6 reddish yellow, glaze varying between 2.5YR6/6 light red and 2.5YR4/4 reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle. Flat shoulder close to Loeschcke form II b. Deep discus; sloping sides with closely spaced radiating lines. Three grooves around discus. Filling-hole in lower left field. Channel with small air hole between discus and nozzle, ending above wick-hole. Volute-nozzle with rounded tip. Flat base, possibly with blurred base-ring.

Discus Iconography: Curled-up sleeping dog in high relief.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group i, early variants

Date: Augustan to Claudian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: None found. For the discus decor only: Kuzmanov 1992, p. 116, no. 290 (Bulgaria) (close to Bussière E I 4). For a different curled-up sleeping dog: Brants 1913, no. 870, pl. 6 (Loeschcke VIII); Bochum Museum, Schüller Collection, cat. no. 63, S 603 (Anatolia).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

164

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.347

Dimensions: L: 12.0 cm; W: 7.6 cm; H: 3.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Right side of shoulder chipped; handle missing. Clay 7.5YR6/4 light brown, glaze 10YR4/1 dark gray. Mica.

Description: Moldmade. Deep body. Flat shoulder with inward-sloping molding marked off by two grooves (Loeschcke form II a[?]). Between shoulder and flat-bottomed discus, inward-sloping band of closely spaced rays, beaded band, and thin ridge. Central filling-hole. Filling-hole connected to wick-hole by V-shaped channel bordered by two ridges that make a right-angled turn from filling-hole to edge of discus. Small air hole in channel. Round-tipped nozzle flanked by double-volutes with four conspicuous spines. Raised base-ring accompanied by thin inner ring.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group i, early variants

Date: Augustan to Claudian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Southern Anatolia

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

165

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.10

Dimensions: L: 12.1 cm; W: 7.5 cm; H: 3.1 cm

Condition and Fabric: Handle reattached. Clay 5YR7/6 reddish yellow, uneven glaze between 5YR6/1 gray and 5YR4/1 dark gray.

Description: Moldmade. Ribbon handle (askew) with central groove. Body with sloping sides. Flat shoulder with groove and row of ovolos. On inward-sloping wall, a band of closely spaced rays, a ridge, and a ring of beads; flat discus bottom around central filling-hole. Between discus and wick-hole purely decorative V-shaped channel with closed ends (thus deprived of its function to drain any spilled oil). Round-tipped volute nozzle; conspicuous volute-spines. Raised base-ring.

Discus Iconography: Rosette of four heart-shaped leaves.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group i, early variants

Date: Augustan to Claudian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: None found. (Near) Bochum Museum, Schüller Collection, cat. no. 62, S 683 (Anatolia).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

III.A.b.4.b Bailey type B group ii

As Bailey points out, his round-nozzled type B became standardized only in Tiberian times, when Loeschcke shoulder forms III and IV began to be introduced. Out of forty-two Getty lamps of type B group ii, there is one example of shoulder form II a, Claudian to Flavian; one of form II b, Tiberian to early Trajanic; thirty-two examples of form III (III a, III a var., or III b) falling mainly within the second and third quarters of the first century A.D.; seven cases of form IV a, Tiberian to Trajanic and even Hadrianic; and one form VI a, Tiberian to early Trajanic. A base-ring is seen on five lamps associated with shoulder form III. A slightly raised flat base marked off by one circular groove is found on thirty-five lamps. According to Bailey, this base is very common from the Claudian to the Early Trajanic period. Sixteen discus decors are related to mythology; nine to animals; six to amphitheater and circus; four to symplegma; five to daily life; the last two are a wreath and a rosette.

Seventeen lamps have a workshop mark on their base: a double planta pedis (CCLO/CCLO), a second one plain; three marks (an impressed ovolo or a vertical stroke in relief); single letters in relief (D, V, C); incuse initials (L.M.C., L.M.S.A., M.S) or in relief (M.S.V); single names: GABINIA, SOTE; tria nomina (COPPIRES, CCLOSVC, LMVNSVC[?]). It should be remembered that the tria nomina on lamps first appear in Late Flavian time.

The base of cat. 166 is decorated with three raised pelta motifs in relief, evenly distributed. Such pelta-shaped reliefs on the base occur on lamps with ear-lugs of Deneauve type V G: Perlzweig 1961, p. 79, no. 82, from the Athenian Agora; Menzel 1969, nos. 241–42, fig. 19, from Miletus; Miltner 1930, no. 82, pl. 11, from Ephesus. But they occur also on lamps of other types: Menzel 1969, no. 237, fig. 19, from Miletus, Loeschcke type IV; Heimerl 2001, pl. 1.9, Loeschcke type I with a strap handle, and Heimerl 2001, no. 291, pl. 7, Loeschcke type VIII, with an alpha mark on the base, both from Pergamon; and Bochum Museum, Schüller Collection, cat. no. 275 (Loeschcke VIII) from Anatolia. However, it would be wrong to deduce from these examples that the pelta design on a base is characteristic exclusively of the eastern Mediterranean. We find it in Cosa, Italy (Fitch and Goldman 1994, pp. 187–88, no. CEL 3, a lamp of Deneauve type V G); on an Italian lamp of the same type signed OPPI RES (Hübinger 1993, no. 150, pl. 19); on a lamp of oval shape in the Museo delle Terme in Rome (Perlzweig 1961, ref. under her lamp no. 82); and on an example of Loeschcke type VIII from Herculaneum (Bisi Ingrassia 1977, pl. 48.10b), although nothing proves that this last example had not been imported from an eastern province such as Egypt.

Bailey’s date for his group ii is Tiberian to Early Trajanic. On the basis of the period of activity of the workshops whose signatures appear on some Getty lamps, we have suggested other, mostly later, dates: Late Flavian instead of Tiberian (see cats. 180, 189, 200, 203, 205–6).

166

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.544

Dimensions: L: 11.6 cm; W: 7.5 cm; H: 2.4 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR5/4 reddish brown, glaze varying from 5YR6/3 light reddish brown to 5YR5/3 reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Ribbon handle with three grooves, attached to shoulder in one place only. Shoulder: Loeschcke form II a. Filling-hole lower right. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base with three raised pelta-shaped motifs in relief, evenly distributed.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Pantheistic female deity with helmet (Minerva?) seated to left, pouring libation on an altar in front of her on top of which is a rising snake; her left arm holds a cornucopia; the field is crammed with various attributes and symbols; counterclockwise, starting behind the goddess’s seat: eagle with spread wings (Jupiter), peacock (Juno), a face in a crescent (Luna), another small bird(?), two poppies (Morpheus), thyrsus (Bacchus), caduceus (Mercury), sistrum (Isis), a pair of pincers (Vulcan), and a kithara (Apollo).

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group ii

Date: Claudian to Flavian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Unknown

Parallels:
Loeschcke 1919, no. 606, with several refs.; Bailey 1965 (VAM), no. 231, pl. 10 = Bailey BM III, Q 920 bis, pl. 154 (planta pedis CCLOD); Heres 1972, no. 219, pl. 27 (Loeschcke V); Leibundgut 1977, p. 256, no. 526, pl. 24, motif 12; Di Filippo Balestrazzi 1988, vol. 2.2, no. 661, pl. 110, motif I.a.5.1 (fr.); Rodríguez Martín 2002, no. 76, pl. 17 (fr).

For the same pelta-shaped relief on a base, see Perlzweig 1961, pl. 4, no. 82 (with further refs.); Menzel 1969, p. 46, nos. 237 and 241–42; Ephesos IV, pl. XI, no. 82.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

Discussion: Bailey 1965 (VAM) interprets the goddess as Abundance; Leibundgut 1977 and Di Filippo Balestrazzi 1988 as Minerva Panthea; Loeschcke 1919 as Isis. The discus relief on this lamp is not very sharp, but thanks to Loeschcke’s drawing of his no. 606, pl. 7 (reproduced in Leibundgut 1977, pl. 24, motif 12), and to Di Filippo Balestrazzi 1988, vol. 2.2, no. 661, pl. 110, practically all the attributes can be identified.

167

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.120

Dimensions: L: 10.2 cm; W: 7.0 cm; H: 2.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR6/6 reddish yellow, glaze 2.5YR5/8 red.

Description: Moldmade. Body with sloping sides. Shoulder: Loeschcke form II b. Filling-hole slightly below center of discus. Small air hole between the two heads. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Circular base marked off by one groove.

Discus Iconography: Man and ram fighting; at right a man in loincloth in bent position with hands tied behind his back; the ram faces him standing on its hind legs; they are trying to knock each other out with their heads.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group ii

Date: Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Goethert-Polaschek 1985, nos. 236, pl. 39, 468, pl. 57, motif M 145, with further refs. (both the man and the ram can be represented alone, as on Loeschcke 1919, no. 279, pl. 13, and no. 433, pl. 4; Leibundgut 1977, p. 178, no. 574, pl. 46, motif no. 276 (fr.); Oziol 1977, no. 390, pl. 21; Di Filippo Balestrazzi 1988, vol. 2.2, nos. 531–35, pls. 94–95, motif III.a.13.2.2. (with further refs.); Fitzwilliam Museum, University of Cambridge, no. 1213, ref. no. XXXVII 24. Gr.40-1955 (Loeschcke I).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

168

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.107

Dimensions: L: 9.2 cm; W: 6.3 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR6/2 light brownish gray, glaze mostly 5YR5/2 reddish gray.

Description: Moldmade. Body with curved sides. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Filling-hole in lower field. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Frontal victorious gladiator (Thrax) looking left; he wears loincloth (subligaculum), greaves (ocreae), and crested helmet and holds his curved sword (sica).

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group ii

Date: Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Southern Anatolia

Parallels: Vegas 1966a, no. 44, pl. 7 (Novaesium); Deneauve 1969, no. 462, pl. 49; Bailey BM II, p. 54, Q 820, pl. 6, fig. 56; Bessi and Moncini 1980, no. 42, pl. 7; Bailey BM III, p. 57, Q 1909, fig. 67 (refs. to gladiator alone or with his adversary); (close) Bémont 2005, p. 161, fig. 11.7 (the one on the right).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

Discussion: The single person on the discus is half of a composition that appears elsewhere with two gladiators. He is reaching out his hand toward his defeated adversary, who is not represented here.

169

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.83

Dimensions: L: 10.7 cm; W: 7.3 cm; H: 2.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR7/4 pink, glaze 10R5/6 red.

Description: Moldmade. Body with curved sides. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Filling-hole in lower field. Unpierced air hole at top of nozzle. Round-tipped volute-nozzle; burn marks. Base-ring marked off by two grooves.

Discus Iconography: Actaeon leaning back, spear in left hand, right arm raising a club, ready to strike a hound leaping up against his right leg; he is nude except for drapery caught around his left arm; short horns are developing on his forehead.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group ii

Date: Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Egypt

Parallels: Loeschcke 1919, no. 718, pl. XV (fr.); Waagé 1941, p. 75, no. 104, fig. 77; Ponsich 1961, no. 58, pl. 7; Oziol 1977, nos. 456–61, pl. 24; Leibundgut 1977, p. 141, no. 44, pl. 28, motif 52; Sapelli 1979, no. 89, pl. 9 (Loeschcke I); Bailey BM II, Q 771, pl. 2, fig. 33; Williams 1981, no. 55, pl. 2 (Kenchreai); Goethert-Polaschek 1985, no. 52, pl. 17 (Loeschcke I); Bailey 1985, no. 156, fig. 4, and pl. VIII, Sidi Khrebish); Hellmann 1987, no. 118, pl. 12; Bailey BM III, p. 37, Q 2383, pl. 63, fig. 41 (with further refs.); Liesen 1994, fig. 6; Mlasowsky 1993, p. 119, no. 105 (fr.); Bémont 2002, p. 72, no. 397 (fr.); Rivet 2003, p. 145, no. 195 (fr.); Cologne Museum, Wollman collection, inv. no. W 3051; (close) Bochum Museum, Schüller Collection, cat. no. 69, S 681 (Tunisia); Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., acc. no. 25988, cat. no. 154496-B (Ephesus). See also LIMC 1.1, pp. 460–61, nos. 69–71, s.v. Aktaion.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

170

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.84

Dimensions: L: 11.3 cm; W: 8.0 cm; H: 3.0 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR7/3 pink, glaze 10YR5/4 yellowish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Body with curved sides. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Filling-hole on right side of discus. Unpierced air hole on top of nozzle. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Plain planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: Helmeted warrior standing at left, holding shield and spear, watching a woman lying on a bed below, nude to the waist: Mars and Rhea Silvia. Image orientation shifted to the left.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group ii

Date: Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

171

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.102

Dimensions: L: 11.0 cm; W: 6.8 cm; H: 2.2 cm

Condition and Fabric: Thin cracks across discus and body, restored; top overpainted. Clay near 7.5YR6/4 light brown, glaze varying between 2.5YR4/2 weak red and 2.5YR4/4 reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Body with curved sides. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Filling-hole in left field. Unpierced air hole on top of nozzle. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Cupid and Psyche embracing; he is nude, winged, and frontal; her backside is nude, a folded garment hangs from the crook of her left arm down to the ground, partly hiding her legs; she has her characteristic wings; hair tied up in a bun.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group ii

Date: Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Southern Anatolia

Parallels: Waldhauer 1914, no. 225, pl. 23; Broneer 1930, p. 181, no. 494, pl. 26; Heres 1972, p. 51, no. 232, pl. 28. LIMC 7.2, p. 457, no. 138b, s.v. Psyche. Same subject treated differently: Bartoli Santi and Bellori 1702, p. 7. For a forgery: Bailey BM III, Q 3378, pl. 129.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

172

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.398

Dimensions: L: 10.5 cm; W: 7.4 cm; H: 2.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Burn marks on nozzle. Clay 10R6/6 light red, same color glaze.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Filling-hole in right field. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Flat blurred circular base.

Discus Iconography: Ithyphallic nude grotesque moving to right; his raised right hand holds a penis; behind him his enormous genitals.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group ii

Date: Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: Christie’s 1998, lot 56. For other grotesques, see Bailey BM II, p. 60 (with further refs.); Bussière 2000, p. 190, decor II.d.10.(2–5).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

173

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.119

Dimensions: L: 10.6 cm; W: 7.4 cm; H: 2.1 cm

Condition and Fabric: Thin crack on discus and back, restored; some overpaint. Clay 10YR7/4 very pale brown, mottled glaze mostly 10YR5/2 grayish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Filling-hole slightly below center of discus. Small air hole on nozzle top. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Frontal head of Medusa within a laurel wreath.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group ii

Date: Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Rivet 2003, p. 137, nos. 120–29.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

174

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.103

Dimensions: L: 10.3 cm; W: 7.5 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Small chip in lower left shoulder. Clay near 2.5YR6/8 light red, glaze 10R5/8 red.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Filling-hole in right lower field. Unpierced air hole on nozzle; burn marks. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Slightly raised base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Nude winged Cupid, frontal, right hand holding a toy wheel resting on the ground, left hand holding a stick to roll it.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group ii

Date: Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: Loeschcke 1919, no. 352, pl. 16; Mlasowsky 1993, p. 141, no. 125.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

175

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.122

Dimensions: L: 8.7 cm; W: 6.0 cm; H: 2.4 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Burn marks on nozzle. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, partly worn glaze mostly 2.5YR5/6 red with some darker areas.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Filling-hole in lower right field. Unpierced air hole on nozzle. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse mark in center: ovolo.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Draped woman with tympanon to right—maenad(?).

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group ii

Date: Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Brun and Gagnière 1937, no. 78, pl. 6; Gualandi Genito 1977, no. 233, pl. 34 (identical); Ayala 1990, no. 24, fig. 14 (with palm added), who wrongly refers to Bailey BM III, addendum p. 456, Q 885 bis, pl. 154, fig. 13, which is a different motif; Robin Petitot 2000, p. 55, no. 83 (identical).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

176

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.438.139

Dimensions: L: 11.0 cm; W: 7.6 cm; H: 2.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Much restored and overpainted. Clay 7.5YR8/4 pink, overpainted surface near 10R4/6 red.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Filling-hole a bit below center of discus. Small air hole on shoulder near nozzle. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Workshop incuse mark: ovolo.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Winged Pegasus to left on groundline.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group ii

Date: Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Fernández Chicarro 1956, no. 8, fig. 60; Oziol 1977, no. 372, pl. 20; Leibundgut 1977, no. 119, pl. 33; Bailey BM II, p. 41, Q 1029, fig. 43 (with further refs.); Rodríguez Martín 2002, no. 139, pl. 28; Rivet 2003, p. 154, no. 266 (Loeschcke VIII).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

177

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.145

Dimensions: L: 9.8 cm; W: 6.8 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR7/4 very pale brown, worn mottled glaze between 7.5YR5/4 brown and 7.5YR4/2 dark brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Filling-hole in lower right center. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Monkey at left, disguised in a hooded cloak, trying to lure with a stick and glue a bird perched on top of a tree at right; the monkey has more sticks in his right hand.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group ii

Date: Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Novaesium

Parallels: (Same theme) Loeschcke 1919, no. 473, pl. 11; Bernhard 1955, no. 245, pl. 58; Leibundgut 1977, pl. 37, motif 169 (fragmented discus); Bailey BM II, p. 45, Q 904, pl. 15, fig. 48; Goethert-Polaschek 1985, nos. 428–98, pl. 53; Bailey BM III, p. 44, Q 1534, fig. 55 (with further refs.); Mlasowsky 1993, pp. 174–75, no. 153a; Robin Petitot 2000, p. 67, no. 195; Rivet 2003, p. 180, no. 516; Hanotte 2005, nos. 59–60, pl. 65, fig. 8; Chrzanovski 2006, p. 72, no. 95; an identical lamp is in the Study Gallery in Cologne Museum.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

Discussion: The discus motif may be an allusion to an Aesop fable (fox and raven).

178

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.88

Dimensions: L: 10.8 cm; W: 7.5 cm; H: 2.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay near 5YR7/3 pink, glaze mostly 10YR5/8 red.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Filling-hole below center of discus. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Jubilator, nude youth on horse galloping to right; right arm raised holding whip.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group ii

Date: Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: Brants 1913, no. 202, pl. 2 (Loeschcke I); Loeschcke 1919, no. 101, pl. 9 (Loeschcke I); Deneauve 1969, no. 475, pl. 50 (identical); Leibundgut 1977, p. 172, nos. 251–54, pl. 44, motif 247; Gualandi Genito 1977, no. 172, pl. 28 (Loeschcke I); Bailey BM II, pp. 58–59, Q 802, Q 894, and Q 933, fig. 61 (with further refs.); Bessi and Moncini 1980, no. 7, pl. 3; Goethert-Polaschek 1985, no. 372, pl. 33, motif M 124; Amaré Tafalla 1988, no. 81 (with further refs.); Bergès 1989, no. 61, fig. 34; Olcina, Reginard, and Sánchez 1990, p. 34, no. 24.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

179

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.99

Dimensions: L: 9.3 cm; W: 6.6 cm; H: 2.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Top edge chipped. Clay 10YR7/4 very pale brown, mottled glaze varying between 10YR5/2 grayish brown and 10YR6/4 light yellowish brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Filling-hole slightly above center of discus. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base-ring marked off by two circular grooves.

Discus Iconography: Warship with six pairs of oars sailing to left.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group ii

Date: Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Germany

Parallels: Loeschcke 1919, no. 460, pl. 11; Brun and Gagnière 1937, no. 79; Rodríguez Neila 1977, p. 395, nos. 34–35, pl. 33 (Osuna); Leibundgut 1977, p. 161, no. 208, pl. 36, motif 164 (Loeschcke I); Goethert-Polaschek 1987, nos. 1–3, fig. 19; Bailey BM III, p. 45, Q 2397–Q 2398, pl. 63, fig. 56 (Cyprus); Kunst der Antike 10, no. 236; Morillo Cerdán 1999, fig. 141, motif 56; Bussière 2000, no. 283, decor II.a.2.(2); Bémont 2002, p. 102, no. 146, D 157, pl. 13; Rivet 2003, p. 146, nos. 205–6; Nimes Museum, lamp inv. no. 908.51.1503; Museum of Art and Archaeology, University of Missouri–Columbia, acc. no. 70.112 (1).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

180

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.96

Dimensions: L: 11.3 cm; W: 7.7 cm; H: 2.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR6/4 light brown, glaze varying between 2.5YR5/4 reddish brown and 2.5YR5/6 red.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Filling-hole in left field. Small air hole on nozzle. Round-tipped volute-nozzle; burn marks. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s signature: double planta pedis CCLOD//CCLOD (back to back).

Discus Iconography: Fisherman to left, wearing tunic and round-rimmed hat, pulling out his net; rocks(?) behind him.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group ii

Date: A.D. 40–70 or even Flavian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Egypt

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

181

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.541

Dimensions: L: 10.0 cm; W: 7.2 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Tip of nozzle partly broken off; long thin crack along join of two halves; various surface chips. Clay near 5YR7/6 reddish yellow, Red-on-White glaze: light layer 5YR8/4 pink, red layer near 10R6/6 light red.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Filling-hole in lower field. Round-tipped volute-nozzle; burn marks. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Erotic scene on a bed; man at left kneeling and holding up the woman’s leg.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group ii

Date: Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Unknown

Parallels: Loeschcke 1919, no. 406, pl. 8; Evelein 1928, no. 39, pl. 5; Perlzweig 1961, no. 41, pl. 2; Deneauve 1969, no. 483, pl. 50; Heres 1972, no. 193, pl. 24; Leibundgut 1977, p. 163, no. 214, pl. 38, motif 176 (Loeschcke I); Gualandi Genito 1977, no. 242, pl. 35; Bailey BM II, Q 828, pl. 7, fig. 70, and Q 880, pl. 13; Goethert-Polaschek 1985, nos. 411–548, pl. 56; Carré 1995, nos. 370–71, fig. 44 (Bolsena); Larese and Sgreva 1996, p. 149, no. 226a; Chrzanovski et al. 2000, p. 66, no. 9; Moscara 2003, fig. 4, motif VII.1.3; Chrzanovski 2006, p. 67, no. 68; Casas Genover and Soler Fusté 2006, p. 158, no. G 628, pl. 38 (with further refs.); cat. 182.

Provenance: Before 1982, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); by 1982–1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Galerie Günter Puhze 1982, no. 257.

182

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.549

Dimensions: L: 10.5 cm; W: 7.6 cm; H: 2.4 cm

Condition and Fabric: Left shoulder partly broken; several cracks on basin and base restored; piece of basin missing. Clay 7.5YR7/2 pinkish gray, glaze mostly 5YR6/6 reddish yellow, with darker burned areas on top and lower part.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Filling-hole in lower field. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Slightly raised base-ring.

Discus Iconography: Erotic scene on a bed (very close to cat. 181): man at left kneeling and holding up the woman’s leg.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group ii

Date: Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Unknown

Parallels: Deneauve 1969, no. 483, pl. 50; Bailey BM II, Q 828, pl. 7, and Q 880, pl. 13, fig. 70; Casas Genover and Soler Fusté 2006, p. 158, no. G 628, pl. 38; cat. 181 with further refs.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

183

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.554

Dimensions: L: 10.5 cm; W: 7.6 cm; H: 2.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact except for minor chips. Clay 5YR6/4 light reddish brown, glaze originally(?) 2.5YR4/4 reddish brown; heavily burned both on top and lower part.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Filling-hole in lower field. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Erotic scene on a bed: man at left lying on his back, woman at right kneeling on top of him.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group ii

Date: Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Unknown

Parallels: Loeschcke 1919, no. 420, pl. 8; Oziol 1977, nos. 391–94, pl. 21; (close) Bailey BM II, p. 69, Q 804, Q 806, and Q 937, fig. 71 (with further refs.); Rivet 2003, p. 139, no. 138; Bochum Museum, Schüller Collection, cat. no. 232, S 666 identical (Anatolia).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

184

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.150

Dimensions: L: 11.9 cm; W: 8.3 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Thin crack on right lower part of top; much overpaint. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, glaze mostly 5YR5/6 yellowish red.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Central filling-hole. Small air hole on nozzle top. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: M.S. (CIL 8, 22644, no. 196).

Discus Iconography: Oak wreath tied at top with ribbons, eight leaves and two acorns.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group ii

Date: Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Joly 1974, p. 130, nos. 402–4, pl. 15; Bailey BM III, p. 89, Q 1688, fig. 113; Bussière 2000, p. 210, no. 510, decor IV.b.2.(1).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

185

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.94

Dimensions: L: 11.7 cm; W: 8.3 cm; H: 2.4 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact; modern overpaint. Clay near 5YR6/2 pinkish gray, glaze between 2.5YR4/4 and 2.5YR4/6 reddish brown and red.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VI a. Filling-hole in left field. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Two nude women at a water basin with fluted base; left one pouring water from a jug.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group ii

Date: Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: (Close) Iványi 1935, no. 6, pl. 2 (Loeschcke I); Lerat 1954, no. 127, pl. 16 (fr.); Deneauve 1969, no. 334, pl. 39, and no. 615, pl. 62 (Loeschcke V); Vikić-Belančić 1976, pl. 4.5 (Loeschcke I); Hellmann 1987, no. 149, pl. 16 (Loeschcke V); Mlasowsky 1993, p. 81, no. 68; Larese and Sgreva 1996, no. 53a (Loeschcke I); Morillo Cerdán 1999, no. 11 (discus fr.); Bussière 2000, no. 459, pl. 40 (Loeschcke V), decor I.a.8.(8); Buzov 2006, p. 178, no. 5, pl. 1 (Loeschcke I); Casas Genover and Soler Fusté 2006, no. G 413, pl. 30; Gorny and Mosch 2006, p. 198, lot 576 (Loeschcke V).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

Discussion: LIMC 2.2, p. 43, no. 452, s.v. Aphrodite, a bronze mirror in the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, shows the same two figures, but behind the water basin one can see a small statue of Venus/Aphrodite standing on a pillar.

186

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.74

Dimensions: L: 10.7 cm; W: 8.5 cm; H: 2.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR6/4 light brown, mottled glaze varying between 5YR5/4 and 5YR4/2 reddish brown and dark reddish gray.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Filling-hole in lower right field. Small air hole on nozzle. Round-tipped volute-nozzle; burn marks. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Closely draped standing figure playing kithara (Muse?).

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group ii

Date: Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Southern Anatolia

Parallels: Waldhauer 1914, no. 205, pl. 19; Bernabò Brea and Cavalier 1965, no. 20, pl. 229 (Loeschcke I); Belchior 1969, pl. 10.1 (fr.); Oziol 1977, nos. 465–67, pl. 25; Sapelli 1979, no. 114, pl. 11; Bailey BM II, Q 817 (with further refs.); Bessi and Moncini 1980, no. 116, pl. 15; Hellmann 1987, no. 244, pl. 30 (Loeschcke VIII); Bailey BM III, Q 2376–Q 2377, pl. 63, and Q 2431, pl. 64; Heimerl 2001, motif M.1–2, 5; Chrzanovski 2006, p. 63, no. 49; Bémont and Chew 2007, pp. 181, 441, pl. 16, IT 21.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

Discussion: For the discus motif, Bailey hesitates between Apollo, a Muse, or Orpheus (Bailey BM II, Q 817). The Getty lamp decor suggests a female silhouette—a Muse—an interpretation shared by Hellmann 1987 (no. 244) and by Bémont and Chew 2007 (IT 21).

187

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.64

Dimensions: L: 11.1 cm; W: 7.6 cm; H: 2.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR6/6 reddish yellow, mottled glaze varying between 2.5YR6/6 light red and 2.5YR5/6 red.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Filling-hole in lower field. Unpierced air hole on nozzle with burn marks. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Large plain planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: Lion to right on top of stag, biting its throat.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group ii

Date: Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Given by Schüller as being north African, but more likely from the eastern Mediterranean.

Parallels: None found for this presumably eastern Mediterranean lamp; on lamps from the western part of the Mediterranean one sees a popular decor with a lion killing a mule or a horse in a not very different position (see cat. 188 or Bailey BM II, p. 161, Q 866, and p. 72, fig. 75).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

188

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.62

Dimensions: L: 12.3 cm; W: 8.9 cm; H: 2.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR7/3 very pale brown, unevenly preserved glaze 10YR5/2 grayish brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a. Filling-hole lower right. Small air hole on nozzle top. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Workshop mark: letter I or vertical line in relief.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Lion to right, head frontal, killing mule lying under him; feline’s tail curled up.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group ii

Date: Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Brants 1913, no. 165, pl. 2 (Loeschcke I); (identical) Loeschcke 1919, no. 484, pl. 11; Kricheldorf 1962, no. 27, pl. 3, and no. 66, pl. 8 (signed L.M.C.); Deneauve 1969, no. 497, pl. 51; Heres 1972, no. 76, pl. 12 (Loeschcke I); Rosenthal and Sivan 1978, p. 30, no. 99; Bailey BM II, p. 161, Q 866, pl. 11, and p. 72, fig. 75; Goethert-Polaschek 1985, no. 489, pl. 58; Hellmann 1985, p. 9, no. 6 (Loeschcke I), (FAVSTI), the lion’s tail is different; Bergès 1989, no. 47, fig. 32; Morillo Cerdán 1999, nos. 226–28; Bussière 2000, decor III.a.1.(24) (with further refs.); Chrzanovski 2006, p. 51; Pace 2008, p. 18 (fr.).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

189

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.137

Dimensions: L: 9.0 cm; W: 6.3 cm; H: 2.0 cm

Condition and Fabric: Clay 7.5YR8/2 whitish pink, worn glaze 10R5/6 red.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a var. Filling-hole close to center of discus. Round-tipped volute-nozzle with burn marks. Base marked off by one circular groove. Incuse potter’s signature: L.M.C. (Bailey BM II, p. 98, signature L.M.C., p. 171, Q 910, same type, with same mark, dated ca. A.D. 40–90).

Discus Iconography: Lion to left attacking crocodile from behind.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group ii

Date: A.D. 40–90

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Deneauve 1969, no. 499, pl. 52 (CYL); Heres 1972, no. 146, pl. 19; Ennabli, Salomonson, and Mahjoubi 1973, nos. 40, 158 (MNOVIVSTI) (Raqqada); Hellmann 1987, no. 139, pl. 15; Mlasowsky 1993, p. 205, nos. 192–93; Bussière 2000, p. 261, no. 307, pl. 33, and p. 197, decor III.a.4.(1) (with further refs.); Rivet 2003, p. 178, no. 487; Larese and Sgreva 1996, p. 222, no. 299 (Loeschcke VIII); Bochum Museum, Schüller Collection, cat. no. 43, S 637 (Loeschcke I) (Tunisia).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

190

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.546

Dimensions: L: 10.0 cm; W: 7.1 cm; H: 2.1 cm

Condition and Fabric: Minor chips. Clay 7.5YR6/4 light brown, glaze 10R5/8 red; burned on bottom of basin and nozzle.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a var. Filling-hole on right side of discus. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Winged Cupid at left; at right, animal resembling a mastiff or a feline(?), both individually tied by ropes to the top of a swiveling post; each rope is fixed to a belt around their waists; they are turning or jumping around with the movement of the contraption; the animal has seized Cupid’s left leg with its paw; this decor is a playful version of a cruel game in the amphitheater. See also cat. 191.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group ii

Date: Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Unknown

Parallels: Identical lamp in Chesneau’s collection (Loeschcke type VIII), inv. no. 6239 in Saint-Omer Museum (Defives and Gernez 1971), shows a somewhat similar swiveling post; see also Palol 1950, no. 95, fig. 111; Kunst der Antike 11, no. 227; Rodríguez González 1989, fig. 1.8 (Santomé); Casas Genover and Soler Fusté 2006, no. G 1223, pl. 82, for another swiveling contraption with a man and an animal, a scene those authors consider associated with the circus. See also Cassiodorus Variae 5.42 (ed. Barnish, 1992), esp. p. 92, n. 11.

Provenance: Before 1981, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); by 1981–1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Galerie Günter Puhze 1981, no. 246; Galerie Günter Puhze 1982, no. 249.

191

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.106

Dimensions: L: 9.6 cm; W: 6.8 cm; H: 2.2 cm

Condition and Fabric: Small hole in molding at left. Clay 7.5YR6/4 light brown, mottled glaze 2.5YR4/8 red and 2.5YR4/2 weak red, both shades with considerable brown quality.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a var. Filling-hole on right side of discus. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Workshop mark in relief: similar to letter V, upside down. See also cat. 190.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Winged Cupid at left, a mastiff or a feline(?) at right; both individually tied by a rope to the top of a swiveling post; each rope is fixed to a belt around their waists; they are turning around the pole; the beast has seized Cupid’s left leg, ready to bite; reference to a circus game(?).

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group ii

Date: Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: See cat. 190 and parallels given there.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

192

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.52

Dimensions: L: 12.2 cm; W: 5.2 cm; H: 2.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Broken nozzle restored. Clay 7.5YR7/2 pinkish gray, mottled glaze between 5YR4/4 and 5YR5/4 reddish brown, in two shades.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a var. Filling-hole left of central field. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s mark in slight relief: letter D (barbotine).

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Helmeted Hercules, himation flowing behind his right shoulder, armed with spear and shield, fighting serpent in the Garden of the Hesperides.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group ii

Date: Late Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: (Close) Bailey BM II, p. 159, Q 856, p. 225, Q 1066, and p. 34, fig. 31 (with further refs.). Same theme treated differently: Rey-Coquais 1964, no. 17, pl. 3; Mlasowsky 1993, p. 113, no. 98; Kunst der Antike 11, no. 232.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

193

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.59

Dimensions: L: 12.8 cm; W: 9.4 cm; H: 2.9 cm

Condition and Fabric: A few thin cracks on base; some surface chips and overpaint on top; base incrustations. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, glaze varying from 10R5/6 red (top) to 7.5YR4/4 dark brown (bottom).

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a var. Filling-hole in lower left field. Small air hole on nozzle top. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Helmeted Minerva in long flowing chiton with overfold, standing to left holding long spear and round shield.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group ii

Date: Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Southern Anatolia

Parallels: (Identical) Schäfer and Marczoch 1990, p. 40, no. 34; (close) Zaccaria Ruggiu 1980, p. 95, no. 122; Djuric 1995, p. 42, no. C 110; Bussière 2000, no. 265, pl. 31, decor I.a.7.(1) (with further refs.); Rodríguez Martín 2002, nos. 32–33 and 35, pl. 10 (frr.); (close) Bochum Museum, Schüller Collection, cat. no. 64, S 711, and cat. no. 252, S 831 (with vertical spear) (Tunisia).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

194

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.130

Dimensions: L: 12.4 cm; W: 8.6 cm; H: 2.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Thin cracks on top and body; restored. Clay 10YR6/4 light yellowish brown, glaze varying between 10YR5/4 and 10YR5/6 yellowish brown, two shades.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form II a. Central filling-hole. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Rosette of twelve petals with rounded ends.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group ii

Date: Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Bussière 2000, pp. 208–9, decor IV.a.5.(5), with refs.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

195

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.438.138

Dimensions: L: 9.6 cm; W: 6.2 cm; H: 2.4 cm

Condition and Fabric: Thin cracks on right shoulder, discus, and base; restored and partly overpainted. Clay 7.5YR8/4 pink, mottled glaze varying between 7.5YR5/2 brown and 7YR4.2 dark brown.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a var. Filling-hole in lower discus. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Wicker basket with two fish; two fowl next to it.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group ii

Date: Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Loeschcke 1919, nos. 659–61, pl. 11 (Loeschcke VIII); Brun and Gagnière 1937, nos. 198 and K 205; Leibundgut 1977, p. 159, no. 659, pl. 35, motif 153 (fr.); Bouzek 1978, no. 19; Hellmann 1987, no. 142, pl. 15; Mlasowsky 1993, p. 311, no. 303; Bémont 2002, p. 103, D 160, nos. 147–48 (with further refs.); Rivet 2003, p. 175, no. 437; Bémont and Chew 2007, pp. 239, 461, pl. 36, GA 46 (Loeschcke I).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

196

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.75

Dimensions: L: 10.1 cm; W: 7.1 cm; H: 2.2 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact; glaze better preserved on lower part. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, uneven remains of glaze 5YR5/4 reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a var. Filling-hole in lower field. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Bearded bare-chested elderly man standing to left in front of a lit altar, playing double-flute (auloi); two small trees flank the altar, two cymbals hang above.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group ii

Date: Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

Discussion: For cymbals similar to the ones on this discus, see Bisi Ingrassia 1977, pl. 48, 10a, who associates them with a Phrygian flute, both instruments dedicated to the cult of Cybele.

197

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.95

Dimensions: L: 12.5 cm; W: 8.8 cm; H: 2.9 cm

Condition and Fabric: Many cracks on top and bottom; repaired and overpainted. Clay 10YR7/3 very pale brown, uneven remains of glaze mostly 2.5YR5/6 red.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a var. Filling-hole in lower field. Air hole on nozzle top. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Raised base-ring marked by two grooves.

Discus Iconography: Triton, his legs covered with scales and ending in curled fishtails, blowing into long conch shell in his right hand; in his left, a rudder with voluted top end close to his ear.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group ii

Date: Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Álvarez-Ossorio 1942, p. 282, fig. 4; Williams 1981, no. 94, pl. 4 (fr.); Bailey BM III, p. 5, Q 1878, fig. 4; Palanques 1992, no. 324, pl. 10; Koutoussaki 2008, p. 125, no. 144 (Loeschcke VIII); (close) Siebert 1966, p. 507, fig. 25 (Athens); Bruneau 1971, p. 481, fig. 42 (Patras). For further near parallels of a Triton, see LIMC 7.1, p. 493, and 7.2, p. 390, nos. 116 and 118, s.v. Neptunus; LIMC 8.2, p. 55, no. 77b, s.v. Tritones. A mosaic from Cadiz, LIMC 8.2, p. 49, no. 30a, s.v. Tritones; a sarcophagus from Capua, LIMC 8.2, p. 50, no. 33, s.v. Tritones; and a marble statue in the Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek, Copenhagen, LIMC 8.2, p. 51, no. 45, s.v. Tritones, all show clearly that the Triton is blowing a conch shell much longer than the one on the Getty lamp.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

198

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.146

Dimensions: L: 11.8 cm; W: 7.2 cm; H: 2.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Burn marks on nozzle. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, mottled worn glaze 2.5YR5/6 red.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with two grooves. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a var. Filling-hole in lower left. Unpierced air hole on nozzle top. Round-tipped volute-nozzle with burn marks. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Cock to right.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group ii

Date: Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: Goethert-Polaschek 1985, nos. 138–263, pl. 40, motif M.198 (Loeschcke I); Gualandi Genito 1986, p. 164, no. 15 (Loeschcke I, near); Casas Genover and Soler Fusté 2006, no. G 282, pl. 21; Bochum Museum, Schüller Collection, cat. no. 103, S 721 (Anatolia).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

199

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.60

Dimensions: L: 12.3 cm; W: 8.6 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Small chip on upper part of shoulder; some overpaint. Clay 5YR6/4 light reddish brown, glaze 2.5YR5/6 red.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III a var. Filling-hole slightly above center. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s mark: letter C in relief. Curved groundline.

Discus Iconography: Two gladiators (essedarii): victor standing at left, raising oval shield above his head and holding short curved sword in his right hand; his vanquished adversary is falling, one knee to the ground, oval shield lying in front of him. Victor’s name, VALERIVS, in tabula ansata in lower field.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group ii

Date: Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Southern Anatolia

Parallels: Bailey BM II, p. 52, fig. 55, and p. 161, Q 864, with another victor’s name in a tabula ansata: DIONISI (several refs. given p. 53); Morillo Cerdán 1999, decor 72; Bémont 2005, fig. 3. For a representation of the defeated gladiator alone, see cat. 132 (Loeschcke type I).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

200

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.104

Dimensions: L: 11.0 cm; W: 7.6 cm; H: 2.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Cracks on shoulder and discus. Clay near 10YR6/2 light brownish gray, much-burned glaze between 10YR5/1 gray and 10YR4/1 dark gray.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form III b. Filling-hole in lower left. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: COPPIRES, workshop active during Late Flavian to Early Antonine period. Short vertical line under the signature.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Cupid walking to left on wavy groundline, carrying Hercules’ club on his back and an arrow in his right hand.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group ii

Date: Late Flavian to Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Brants 1913, no. 709, pl. 5 (Loeschcke VIII); Ferreira de Almeida 1953, no. 64, pl. 34; Skinkel-Taupin 1980, no. 18a–b (Loeschcke VIII, signed CLO.HELI); Bussière 2000, no. 329, pl. 35, decor I.b.1.(22) (with further refs.); Chrzanovski et al. 2000, p. 22, no. 1, pl. 1; Mlasowsky 1993, p. 133, no. 112 (Loeschcke VIII); Bochum Museum, Schüller Collection, cat. no. 68, S 695 (Tunisia); cat. 215.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

201

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.93

Dimensions: L: 11.1 cm; W: 7.7 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact except for slight chip on filling-hole. Clay 10YR6/2 light brownish gray, glaze mostly 5YR5/2 reddish gray, bottom grayish, burned.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form IV a. Filling-hole at left. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: SOTE.

Discus Iconography: Nude Mars standing frontally, holding plumed helmet in his right hand, spear in his left; shield slung over his left arm.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group ii

Date: Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Deneauve 1969, no. 407, pl. 45; Rodríguez Martín 2002, no. 43, pl. 12 (fr.).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

202

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.57

Dimensions: L: 10.9 cm; W: 7.8 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Thin crack on upper discus, several on bottom; restored and overpainted. Clay 10YR7/3 very pale brown, uneven glaze mostly 7.5YR5/4 brown.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form IV a. Filling-hole close to center of discus. Unpierced air hole on top of nozzle. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: L.M.SA.

Discus Iconography: Two nude wrestlers (pancratists); victor standing at right (backview) looking to right; knocked-out adversary half lying on the ground.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group ii

Date: Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Deneauve 1969, nos. 468 (GABINIA) and 469–470 (EROTIS), pl. 49; Bussière and Rivel 2012, no. 113 (LMADIEC); Bochum Museum, Schüller Collection, cat. no. S 0735 (L.M.S.A.) (Tunisia).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

203

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.399

Dimensions: L: 10.1 cm; W: 6.8 cm; H: 2.4 cm

Condition and Fabric: Short crack on discus; modern overpaint all over. Clay 7.5YR6/4 light brown, modern overpaint near 2.5YR4/4 reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form IV a. Filling-hole in lower field. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse mark not totally legible: probably LMVNSVC, workshop active during Late Flavian to Trajanic period.

Discus Iconography: Erotic scene: man lying on bed to left; woman with her back to him squatting on top of him.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group ii

Date: Late Flavian to Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

204

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.123

Dimensions: L: 9.9 cm; W: 6.9 cm; H: 2.4 cm

Condition and Fabric: Thin cracks on nozzle, rim, and discus. Clay 10YR7/2 light gray, partly worn varying glaze 10YR5/2 to 10YR5/3 grayish brown and brown.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form IV a. Filling-hole lower left. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s signature in light relief (barbotine): M SV.

Discus Iconography: Elderly man wearing hat and tunic walking to left, bent under the weight of a basket and an animal (rabbit[?]) affixed to opposite ends of a long curved pole over his left shoulder; right hand holding walking stick.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group ii

Date: Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Deneauve 1969, no. 479, pl. 50; Boube 1977, p. 442, pl. CXCV.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

205

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.143

Dimensions: L: 11.0 cm; W: 7.6 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Several thin cracks on shoulder, discus, and base; restored. Clay 7.5YR6/4 light brown, glaze mostly 7.5YR5/4 brown.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form IV a. Filling-hole in lower field. Small air hole at top of nozzle. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: CCLOSVC, workshop active A.D. 80/90–140.

Discus Iconography: Dove to right on an olive branch, pecking at a fruit.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group ii

Date: Late Flavian to Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Kricheldorf 1962, nos. 77–80, pl. 9; Heres 1972, no. 79, pl. 12 (Loeschcke I); Guéry 1985, no. 188e, pl. 1 (MVNTREP) (Sétif); Bailey BM III, p. 81, fig. 102, and p. 304, Q 2418–Q 2420 (Cyprus); Bussière 2000, decor III.b.6.(2), with several refs. to this very popular motif in most parts of the Roman Empire; Hellmann 1985, p. 24, no. 20 (SYRTEPI) (Loeschcke VIII); Casas Genover and Soler Fusté 2006, no. G 115, pl. 10 (fr.); (close) Bémont and Chew 2007, pp. 255, 468, pl. 43, GA 112 (Vaison[?]).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

206

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.141

Dimensions: L: 11.0 cm; W: 7.7 cm; H: 2.4 cm

Condition and Fabric: A few cracks over top and bottom; restored; overpainted all over. Clay hidden by modern overpaint near 2.5YR4/4 reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form IV a. Filling-hole in lower field. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: GABINIA, workshop active A.D. 80–140.

Discus Iconography: Dove to right on an olive branch, pecking at a fruit (motif identical to cat. 205); seven dots incised around tail.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group ii

Date: Late Flavian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: See cat. 205.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

207

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.87

Dimensions: L: 10.3 cm; W: 7.4 cm; H: 2.6.

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay near 7.5YR7/2 pinkish gray, uneven glaze varying between 2.5YR5/6 red and 5YR4/2 dark reddish gray.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form IV a. Deep discus. Filling-hole in lower field. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Deer running to right attacked by a dog in the foreground.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group ii

Date: Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: Kirsch 2002, no. 45, pl. 5, motif 184 (with further refs.).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

III.A.b.c Bailey type B group iii

The sixteen examples of this group all have a rounded shoulder, either Loeschcke form VI a (6 ex.), form VI b (7 ex.), form VII a (2 ex.), or form VII b (1 ex.) (see fig. 2). Only one, cat. 221, has a handle. Fourteen have a flat base marked off by a circular groove, two have a base-ring. The discus decors are related to mythology (7 ex.); theater and circus (3 ex.); animals (2 ex.); symplegma (1 ex.); one is a rosette, another a bust of Hadrian, and one has two gladiators. The workshop marks are: three plain single planta pedis, one double PVF//PVF, and two illegible ones; one letter T in relief; one name: GABINIA, and three tria nomina: two COPPIRES and one CCLOSVC.

Bailey dates his group iii to the Late Tiberian to Early Trajanic period. We think Late Tiberian is a bit too early in several cases—for example, cat. 213—and therefore the chronology may sometimes be extended. Such is certainly the case with cat. 211, decorated with Hadrian’s bust (see discussion in the introduction to type B, before cat. 161), and for cat. 214 signed GABINIA, cat. 215 signed CCLOSVC, and cat. 220 signed COPPIRES; for these we suggest a date from Late Flavian to Antonine.

208

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.121

Dimensions: L: 9.8 cm; W: 7.0 cm; H: 2.1 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR7/2 light gray, mottled glaze mostly 2.5YR5/4 reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VI a. Filling-hole in lower field. Unpierced air hole on nozzle. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Two heads or busts, actors or theater masks(?), with abundant hair (the one at right slightly tilting, mouth closed). Under each of them, a garment or support(?) with one vertical and four horizontal lines.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group iii

Date: Late Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

209

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.53

Dimensions: L: 12.1 cm; W: 8.7 cm; H: 3.0 cm

Condition and Fabric: Filling-hole chipped. Clay near 5YR 5/2 reddish gray, glaze originally 10R4/6 dark yellowish brown; parts burned darker.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VI a. Filling-hole in lower field. Small air hole at top of nozzle. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base-ring marked off by two grooves. Plain planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: Ulysses tied with ropes under a ram’s belly to escape from the cave of Polyphemus; the figure might be one of Ulysses' companions, for he is not wearing the hero’s conical hat, as on cat. 213 and cat. 219, but a round sailor’s hat, as on cat. 259).

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group iii

Date: Late Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Southern Anatolia

Parallels: Álvarez-Ossorio 1942, fig. 2; Deneauve 1969, no. 440, pl. 47; Heres 1972, no. 128, pl. 17; Oziol 1977, nos. 608–11 (Loeschcke VIII); Leibundgut 1977, p. 142, no. 142, pl. 28, motif 56; Bailey BM III, p. 36, Q 2482–Q 2483 (with further refs.), Q 2483, pl. 67, fig. 40 (Loeschcke VIII, from Cyprus); Palanques 1992, no. 839, pl. 33; Rodríguez Martín 2002, no. 122 (complete), no. 121 (fr.), pl. 25; Casas Genover and Soler Fusté 2006, no. G 483, pl. 32 (fr.); Svoboda 2006, p. 55, no. 54; LIMC 8.2, p. 670, no. 37, s.v. Polyphemos I.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

210

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.61

Dimensions: L: 12.5 cm; W: 8.9 cm; H: 2.9 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR6/3 pale brown, glaze 10YR4/3 dark brown.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VI a. Filling-hole in lower field. Small air hole on top of nozzle. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Dolphin to left with trident.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group iii

Date: Late Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Southern Anatolia

Parallels: Israeli and Avida 1988, p. 28, no. 29.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

211

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.92

Dimensions: L: 10.1 cm; W: 6.8 cm; H: 2.2 cm

Condition and Fabric: Several cracks on upper front and base; much restored; base incrustations. Clay 10YR7/3 very pale brown, glaze mostly 2.5YR5/4 reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VI a. Filling-hole lower right with remains of corroded iron wick-nail. Unpierced small air hole on top of nozzle. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: C.OPPI.RES.

Discus Iconography: Bust of bearded Hadrian to right, wearing laurel wreath tied with streamers; drapery on shoulder; scepter in front of him.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group iii

Date: Hadrianic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: (Identical) Waldhauer 1914, no. 216, pl. 21 (ROMANESIS); Walters 1914, p. 209, no. 1386, fig. 326 (fr.); Álvarez-Ossorio 1942, p. 280, no. 4–13.506, figs. 2–4; Kricheldorf 1962, no. 60, pl. 7 (C.OPPI.RES); Bruneau 1965, no. 4604, pl. 30 (Delos); Bailey BM II, p. 226, Q 1073, pl. 37, fig. 47 = Walters 1914, no. 1386; Williams 1981, no. 137, pl. 6 (ROMANESIS) (Kenchreai); Kunst der Antike 10, no. 232; Hellmann 1985, pp. 13–14, no. 13 (ROMANIIS) (Cyprus); Schäfer and Marczoch 1990, p. 41, no. 36 (Egypt); Hübinger 1993, no. 124, pl. 15 (Rome); Mlasowsky 2003, p. 184, figs. 1–3 (interpreted as Domitian and probably signed L.MADIEC). (The same bust without scepter): Bruneau 1965, no. 4605, pl. 30 (Delos); Raselli-Nydegger 2005, fig. 13; Bochum Museum, Schüller Collection, cat. no. S 1097, pict. 2010–02–03.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

Discussion:
Bailey assigns the end of production of his type B = Loeschcke type IV to the Trajanic period (BM II, p. 157). Logically, there would be a chronological incompatibility with a lamp of this type showing Hadrian’s portrait. But later, Bailey admits that the production of Cnidian lamps of his type B lasted until the beginning of Hadrian’s reign, as proved by several lamps of this type bearing that emperor's portrait (Bailey BM III, p. 327).

Following the earlier chronology of the type given in BM II, Mlasowsky is the only author to assume that the portrait is Domitian’s. However, the portraits of Domitian we have consulted—on sculptures and coins, in addition to the examples given by Mlasowsky (2003, figs. 4–6)—do not show the emperor with a beard, in contrast to the portraits of Hadrian. It is surprising that Mlasowsky does not mention any parallels to the Hanover lamp he publishes, nor does he refer to the commonly accepted interpretation of the portrait as Hadrian (Mlasowsky 2003, p. 184, figs. 1–3).

212

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.51

Dimensions: L: 12.9 cm; W: 9.0 cm; H: 2.9 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, mottled glaze varying between 7.5YR4/4 dark brown and 7.5YR5/4 brown.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VI a. Filling-hole lower left. Small air hole at top of nozzle. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Small planta pedis with illegible letters.

Discus Iconography: Apollo to right, legs draped, seated on an elaborate chair, playing the kithara.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group iii

Date: Late Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Heres 1972, no. 20, pl. 5 (Loeschcke III); Oziol 1977, no. 464, pl. 25; Bailey BM II, p. 11, Q 1057, fig. 6 (fr.) (with further refs.); Bonnet 1988, fig. 10.7, motif 2.P.A-D2; (close) Bessi and Moncini 1980, no. 117, pl. 15.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

213

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.55

Dimensions: L: 11.7 cm; W: 8.3 cm; H: 2.9 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR6/4 light reddish brown, glaze mostly 2.5YR5/6 red.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VI a. Filling-hole left of center. Tiny air hole at top of round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Double vertical planta pedis inscribed PVF PVF, workshop active Neronian to Flavian period, according to Bailey (BM II, p. 103).

Discus Iconography: Bearded Ulysses, wearing his typical pointed cap and tunic, holding out his right hand, half kneeling; gabled building behind him.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group iii

Date: Neronian to Flavian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Southern Anatolia

Parallels: Ponsich 1961, no. 63, pl. 6; Bailey BM II, pp. 35–37, Q 929, fig. 32; Rodríguez Martín 2002, no. 124, pl. 25; Bochum Museum, Schüller Collection, cat. no. 77, S 0732 (Tunisia).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

214

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.111

Dimensions: L: 10.7 cm; W: 7.8 cm; H: 2.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: Many cracks across discus and base. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, glaze 2.5YR5/6 red; parts slightly burned.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VI b. Filling-hole lower left. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: GABINIA, workshop dated Late Flavian to Early Antonine (Bailey BM II, p. 96). Relief mark under signature: maybe letter D(?).

Discus Iconography: Half-dressed winged Victory standing frontal, right hand holding a wreath, left a palm branch.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group iii

Date: Late Flavian to Early Antonine

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Bussière 2000, p. 166, no. 332, pl. 35, decor I.b.9.(1) (with further refs.); Rodríguez Martín 2002, no. 90, pl. 19 (fr.); Svoboda 2006, no. 56; see also cat. 224.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

215

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.105

Dimensions: L: 11.0 cm; W: 7.6 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Thin cracks on discus and back. Clay 10YR6/4 light yellowish brown, glaze 7.5YR5/4 brown.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form IV a. Filling-hole in left field. Air hole at top of nozzle. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: CCLO.SVC, workshop active Late Flavian to Early Antonine.

Discus Iconography: Cupid walking to left on wavy groundline, carrying Hercules’ club on his back and an arrow in his right hand.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group iii

Date: Late Flavian to Early Antonine

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Heres 1972, no. 202, pl. 32 (Loeschcke VIII); Bussière 2000, no. 329, pl. 35 (with further refs.); Kunst der Antike 13, no. 154 (LMVNPHILE) (Loeschcke VIII); Bochum Museum, Schüller Collection, cat. no. 161, S 809 (Loeschcke IV) (Tunisia); cat. 200.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

216

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.548

Dimensions: L: 9.2 cm; W: 4.7 cm; H: 2.4 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR8/3 very pale brown, glaze 5YR5/4 reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VI b. Filling-hole slightly below center. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove, with impressed central dot.

Discus Iconography: Boar rushing to right.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group iii

Date: Late Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Unknown

Parallels: Lyster 1970, no. 20, fig. 7; Farka 1977, p. 136, motif 114; Boube 1977, p. 464, pl. CCXVII (Bab Zaër, Morocco); Olcina, Reginard, and Sánchez 1990, p. 26, no. 12; Bussière 2000, p. 197, no. 340, pl. 36, decor III.a.6.(1) (with further refs.); Bochum Museum, Schüller Collection, cat. no. 114, S 697 (Tunisia), and cat. no. 171, S 789 (Loeschcke VIII) (Tunisia).

Provenance: Before 1982, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); by 1982–1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Galerie Günter Puhze 1982, no. 252.

217

Inventory Number: 81.AQ.38.1

Dimensions: L: 10.5 cm; W: 7.5 cm; H: 2.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact; from worn mold. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, glaze mostly 2.5YR5/4 reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII b. Central filling-hole. Small air hole on upper part of round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Blurred potter’s signature; of five or six letters only the first is legible: C.

Discus Iconography: Two helmeted gladiators in combat; the right one, lifting both arms, has dropped his shield and holds a short sword in his left hand; the left one, who seems to be the winner, is raising a rectangular convex shield and holding a sica.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group iii

Date: Late Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Tunisia

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: – 1981, William L. Eagleton, Jr., American, 1926–2011, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1981.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

218

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.159

Dimensions: L: 8.1 cm; W: 5.8 cm; H: 2.4 cm

Condition and Fabric: Restored from several frr. Clay 2.5YR5/6 red, glaze between 10YR6/1 and 10YR4/1 gray and dark gray; burned(?).

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Shoulder: Loeschcke form II a. Discus rosette separated from central filling-hole by a molding with three ridges. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base-ring marked off by two grooves.

Discus Iconography: Counterclockwise swirling rosette with eighteen petals.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group iii

Date: Late Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: (Identical) Deneauve 1969, no. 366, pl. 42 (Loeschcke I); Larese and Sgreva 1996, nos. 55 and 59 (Loeschcke I); Morillo Cerdán 1999, fig. 156, motif 189 (with further refs.); Bussière 2000, no. 249, decor V.a.1 (1) (with further refs.) (Loeschcke IV); Heimerl 2001, fig. 13, motif 392; Bémont 2002, no. 166, pl. 16 (close); Hanotte 2005, no. 61, pl. 65, fig. 8; (close) Casas Genover and Soler Fusté 2006, no. G 286, pl. 21; Bémont and Chew 2007, pp. 264, 473, pl. 48, GA 150.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

219

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.54

Dimensions: L: 12.4 cm; W: 9.1 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Three thin cracks on discus. Clay 10YR6/2 light brownish gray, glaze varying between 10YR4/2 dark grayish brown and 7.5YR5/2 brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VI b. The details of the discus iconography are not visible on the BM lamp discus (see discussion below), whose lower right part is missing. Filling-hole lower left. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s mark in slight relief: letter T.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Ulysses and Neoptolemus stealing the bow of Philoctetes; bird (crow[?]) perching on Philoctetes’ right foot; two wounded birds lying in the foreground.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group iii

Date: First century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Southern Anatolia

Parallels: Bailey BM II, p. 35, Q 1069, pl. 37, fig. 32, which is published in LIMC 7.1, p. 383, no. 68, s.v. Philoktetes, and illustrated in LIMC 7.2, p. 325, no. 68 (pointing out the oddity of the wings on Neoptolemus’s back).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

Discussion:
About an identical lamp in the BM, Bailey writes:

The wounded Philoctetes reclines in a cave, supporting his head on his left hand; he is draped about the lower body and legs, and wears sandals. In his right hand he holds, as a fly-whisk, the wing of a bird. In front of the cave is a dead bird and a leaf. Ulysses, wearing a pointed cap, peers round the left side of the cave mouth, while above the mouth of the cave Neoptolemus is shown reaching down to remove the bow and quiverful of arrows which had belonged to Hercules, but was at that time in the possession of Philoctetes. Neoptolemus, who holds on to the edge of the cave with his left hand, has two very curious “wings” rising from his shoulders; he is, perhaps, conflated here with Cupid, who was given to playing with Hercules’ weapons. (BM II, p. 35, Q 1069, fig. 32.)

220

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.401

Dimensions: L: 10.8 cm; W: 7.7 cm; H: 3.1 cm

Condition and Fabric: Restored from several frr.; some infill and overpaint on base. Clay 10YR7/3 very pale brown, a few remains of worn glaze 10YR4/2 dark grayish brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VI b. Filling-hole slightly below center of discus. Air hole at top of nozzle. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: COPPIRES, workshop active from Late Flavian to Hadrianic period.

Discus Iconography: Erotic scene on bed; woman lying on her back to left; man kneeling and lifting the woman’s leg.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group iii

Date: Late Flavian to Trajanic or Hadrianic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: (Identical) Deneauve 1969, p. 137, no. 481, pl. 50 (CCLOSVC), and p. 137, no. 482, pl. 50 (LMVNSVC); (close) Heres 1972, no. 134, pl. 18; Cahn-Klaiber 1977, no. 176, pl. 16; Leibundgut 1977, p. 163, nos. 552–53, pl. 37, motif 175 (fr.); Bailey BM II, p. 66, Q 882, pl. 13, fig. 69, and Q 979 (Loeschcke V), pl. 24 (further refs. p. 65); Hellmann 1987, no. 127, pl. 13, and no. 173, pl. 19 (fr.).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

221

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.530

Dimensions: L: 15.2 cm; W: 10.0 cm; H: 3.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Cracks on base; slightly restored near handle. Clay 7.5YR8/2 pinkish white, glaze 10R5/6 red.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with three grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VI b. Filling-hole below center of discus. Air hole at top of nozzle. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base-ring marked off by two grooves. Potter’s incuse plain planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: Neptune drawn by four sea horses to left, rudder in his left hand, an unidentified item in his right; shell and waves in foreground.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group iii

Date: Late Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Southern Anatolia

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

222

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.85

Dimensions: L: 11.2 cm; W: 6.1 cm; H: 2.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR6/4 light brown, glaze between 2.5YR5/4 and 2.5YR4/4 reddish brown, two shades.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a. Filling-hole below center. Round-tipped volute-nozzle with burn marks. Base marked off by one circular groove. Relief potter’s mark: letter S with two short parallel lines under it.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Circus scene with chariot race; quadriga rushing to right, charioteer energetically whipping horses; under the animals’ feet, at bottom right, probably a man’s corpse run over, possibly a charioteer lying among pieces of his broken chariot(?); behind are different structures and buildings, from left to right: Egyptian obelisk, stand of lap-counting dolphins with spiral-fluted columns, column supporting statue of Victory, two-storey polygonal building with pointed roof and four statues or spectators(?), and, at the end, an unidentified design. Tabula ansata in lower field inscribed TERES, probably the name of the victorious charioteer.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group iii

Date: Late Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: Mercando 1962, p. 37, no. 29 (Loeschcke VIII), potter’s mark TCT in relief in tabula ansata; Heres 1972, no. 159, pl. 20, identical, with the same mark TERES in relief in tabula ansata; Skinkel-Taupin 1980, no. 23 (identical with same mark); for more but different chariot-race representations, see Bailey BM II, p. 56, fig. 58. (Near) Cuomo di Caprio and Santoro Bianchi 1983, no. 24, pl. 2. For iconography of Circus Maximus, see Marcattili 2006.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

223

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.98

Dimensions: L: 10.5 cm; W: 7.6 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Top of nozzle partly broken. Clay 5YR7/4 pink, uneven glaze between 5YR6/4 light reddish brown and 5YR5/4 reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a, with external row of beads. Another row of similar beads encircles discus, with an additional half-circle of beads at bottom of discus. Filling-hole in lower field. Round-tipped volute-nozzle with burn marks. Blurred base-ring.

Discus Iconography: Circus scene with victorious quadriga to left slowly parading beside spina; charioteer holding reins in left hand, victory crown in his right; behind him the following items (left to right): stand of lap-counting dolphins supported by spiral-fluted column, three vertical rows of beads (spectators’ heads[?]), probably column with statue of Victory, and a big palm leaf.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group iii

Date: Late Tiberian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Southern Anatolia

Parallels: Bailey BM II, p. 56, Q 920, pl. 16, fig. 58 (with more buildings and without the beaded motif); (slightly different) Bessi and Moncini 1980, nos. 2–3, pl. 3; Rodríguez Martín 2002, no. 170, pl. 33; Chrzanovski et al. 2000, p. 62, no. 46; Bémont and Chew 2007, pp. 264, 473, pl. 48, GA 151.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

III.A.b.d Bailey type B group iv

This group of fifteen lamps is very homogenous. All have Loeschcke shoulder form VII b. Out of the fifteen discus decors, six are related to the circus and amphitheater, five to animals, and four to mythology. All lamps have a flat base marked off by one groove only. Eleven examples have a workshop signature, either a single name or tria nomina. The period of activity of several well-known workshops—LMADIEC, LMVNSVC, EROTIS, GABMERC, and LMSV—is Late Flavian to Trajanic, possibly Hadrianic. On this basis we will not refer to the broader and too approximate dating given by Bailey to his group iv: Claudian to Trajanic. A Claudian beginning for the production of this group seems much too early and not in accordance with the periods of activity for the workshops.

224

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.71

Dimensions: L: 10.3 cm; W: (at ear) 8.6 cm, (basin) 7.2 cm; H: 2.9 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, slip nearly same color.

Description: Moldmade. Prominent and substantial left side-lug decorated with stylized palm leaf. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII b. Filling-hole in left field with traces of iron corrosion. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: L.MADIEC, workshop active Late Flavian to Hadrianic period.

Discus Iconography: Half-dressed frontal winged Victory, right hand holding a wreath, left a palm branch; perhaps standing on a globe pierced by air hole.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group iv

Date: Late Flavian to Hadrianic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: (Same but without side-lug) Bussière 2000, no. 332, pl. 35, p. 166, decor I.b.9.(1) (with further refs.); Rodríguez Martín 2002, no. 90, pl. 19 (fr.); Svoboda 2006, no. 56; Kunst der Antike 9, no. 258 (LMADIEC); cat. 214.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

225

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.82

Dimensions: L: 9.6 cm; W: 6.6 cm; H: 2.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR7/3 very pale brown, worn remains of glaze 7.5YR5/4 brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII b. Filling-hole in lower field. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Flat base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s signature: LMADIEC, workshop active Late Flavian to Hadrianic period.

Discus Iconography: Amazon falling from her horse to right; right hand holding an axe, left a shield (pelta).

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group iv

Date: Late Flavian to Hadrianic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Bachofen and Meuli 1958, no. 3, pl. 36; Cahn-Klaiber 1977, p. 82, no. 252, pl. 25 (fr.); Goethert-Polaschek 1985, no. 270, pl. 26; Bergès 1989, no. 58, fig. 34; Schäfer and Marczoch 1990, p. 40, no. 33; Vernou-Magister 1991, no. 5, fig. 3. For the same shield (or pelta), see Rodríguez Martín 2002, no. 134, pl. 27; Bussière and Rivel 2012, no. 114.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

226

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.56

Dimensions: L: 11.6 cm; W: 8.4 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, unevenly applied and worn glaze mostly 2.5YR5/4 reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII b. Filling-hole in lower part. Air hole at top of nozzle. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Biga to left with charioteer whipping horses.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group iv

Date: Flavian, or possibly later

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Brants 1913, no. 218, pl. 2 (Loeschcke I); Bailey BM II, p. 57, Q 796, fig. 59; Antico Gallina and Condina 1990, no. 13, pl. 26.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

227

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.58

Dimensions: L: 11.1 cm; W: 8.0 cm; H: 3.0 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, glaze mostly 7.5YR5/4 brown.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII b. Filling-hole in lower part. Air hole at top of nozzle. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: MVNARES.

Discus Iconography: Two gladiators (Myrmillones[?]); standing victor at left with short straight sword, putting his left hand on his adversary’s shoulder; at right, the latter has fallen to the ground, still holding his curved sword (sica); both wear loincloth, plumed helmet, greaves (ocreae), and arm protections (manicae).

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group iv

Date: Flavian to Trajanic or Hadrianic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Loeschcke 1919, nos. 127–28, pl. 9; Ponsich 1961, no. 51, pl. 6; Deneauve 1969, no. 461, pl. 49 (signed L.MADIEC); Bergès 1989, p. 85, no. 66, fig. 35 (Loeschcke V).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

228

Inventory Number: 79.AQ.28.1

Dimensions: L: 10.8 cm; W: 7.5 cm; H: 2.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, scant traces of glaze 10R5/6 red.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII b. Filling-hole in lower part. Air hole at top of nozzle. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: EROTIS, workshop active Late Flavian to Hadrianic; small circle underneath.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Two nude pugilists on groundline; left one knocked down, seated; victor standing, seen from behind.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group iv

Date: Late Flavian to Hadrianic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Tunisia

Parallels: Loeschcke 1919, nos. 127–28, pl. 9; Ponsich 1961, no. 51, pl. 6; Deneauve 1969, no. 468 (GABINIA), and nos. 469–70 (EROTIS), pl. 49; Bergès 1989, p. 85, no. 66, fig. 35 (Loeschcke V); Bussière and Rivel 2012, no. 113 (L.MADIEC).

Provenance: – 1979, William L. Eagleton, Jr., American, 1926–2011, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1979.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

229

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.86

Dimensions: L: 11.0 cm; W: 7.7 cm; H: 2.9 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact; top overpainted. Clay near 5YR7/3 pink, glaze 10R5/4 weak red.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII b. Filling-hole lower left. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: MVERCEVP.

Discus Iconography: Two nude pugilists, left one kicking his adversary’s thigh with his right foot, while pushing him back with his left hand.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group iv

Date: Flavian to Trajanic or Hadrianic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Brants 1913, no. 896, pl. 5 (Loeschcke VIII); Kricheldorf 1962, no. 185, pl. 22 (Loeschcke VIII signed CIVNDRAC); Deneauve 1969, no. 467, pl. 49 (CCLOSVC); Bessi and Moncini 1980, no. 73, pl. 10 (fr.); Bonnet 1988, fig. 8.3; Mlasowsky 1993, p. 199, no. 183; cat. 230.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

230

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.108

Dimensions: L: 9.8 cm; W: 7.0 cm; H: 2.2 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR7/3 very pale brown, glaze 7.5YR6/4 light brown.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII b. Filling-hole lower left. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: L.M.SV, workshop active Late Flavian to Trajanic (Bussière 2000, p. 226).

Discus Iconography: Two nude pugilists identical to cat. 229, but cat. 229 and this one do not come from the same mold, nor from the same workshop.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group iv

Date: Late Flavian to Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Brants 1913, no. 896, pl. 5 (Loeschcke VIII); Kricheldorf 1962, no. 185, pl. 22 (Loeschcke VIII, signed CIVNDRAC); Deneauve 1969, no. 467, pl. 49 (CCLOSVC); Bessi and Moncini 1980, no. 73, pl. 10 (fr.); Bonnet 1988, fig. 8.3; Mlasowsky 1993, p. 199, no. 183; cat. 229.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

231

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.149

Dimensions: L: 11.2 cm; W: 7.8 cm; H: 2.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: A few thin cracks on discus and bottom. Clay 10YR7/4 very pale brown, worn remains of glaze 10YR5/2 grayish brown and 10YR5/3 brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII b. Filling-hole lower right. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Air hole at top of nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Workshop mark: possibly an incised I.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Lit altar flanked by two trees on which two snakes climb, their bodies twisted around the trunks.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group iv

Date: Flavian to Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: (Near) Bussière 2000, p. 267, no. 464, pl. 41, and p. 181, decor II.a.4.(5) (Loeschcke V) (with further refs.).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

Discussion: In related motifs on other lamps, the altar may be flanked by two snakes without trees.

232

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.65

Dimensions: L: 11.3 cm; W: 8.0 cm; H: 2.9 cm

Condition and Fabric: Tiny crack near air hole; some overpainting. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, glaze between 10R6/6 light red and 10YR5/6 red.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII b. Filling-hole in lower part. Air hole at top of round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: L.M.SA.

Discus Iconography: Jumping deer or stag to right, bent tree behind.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group iv

Date: Late Flavian to Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Deneauve 1969, nos. 500 (LMVNADIEC), 501 (COPPIRES), and 502 (CCLOSVC), pl. 52; Lyster 1970, fig. 8.22; Bussière 2000, no. 337, pl. 35, decor III.a.7.(2) (with further refs.); Rivet 2003, p. 140, no. 146; Kunst der Antike 10, no. 230 (CLOSVC); cat. 233.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

233

Inventory Number: 80.AQ.46.2

Dimensions: L: 9.6 cm; W: 6.8 cm; H: 2.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, glaze 10R6/6 light red.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII b. Filling-hole in lower part. Round-tipped volute-nozzle with burn marks. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: L.MADIEC.

Discus Iconography: Deer jumping to right, bent tree behind.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group iv

Date: Late Flavian to Hadrianic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Tunisia

Parallels: Bussière 2000, no. 337, pl. 35, decor III.a.7.(2) (with further refs.); cat. 232.

Provenance: – 1980, William L. Eagleton, Jr., American, 1926–2011, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1980.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

234

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.142

Dimensions: L: 9.6 cm; W: 6.8 cm; H: 2.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, mottled glaze varying between 2.5YR5/6 red and 2.5YR4/2 weak red, both shades brownish.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII b. Filling-hole in center of discus with remains of corroded iron wick-nail. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: LMVNSVC, workshop dated Late Flavian to Trajanic period.

Discus Iconography: Goat to left on groundline.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group iv

Date: Late Flavian to Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Boube 1977, p. 466, pl. CCXIX (Bab Zaër, Morocco); Rosenthal and Sivan 1978, p. 30, no. 100; Bussière 2000, no. 338, pl. 36, decor III.a.13.(2) (with further refs.).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

235

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.73

Dimensions: L: 11.0 cm; W: 7.6 cm; H: 2.9 cm

Condition and Fabric: One small scratch on right shoulder. Clay 10YR7/3 very pale brown, uneven glaze mostly 5YR5/6 yellowish red (discus), darker bottom.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII b. Filling-hole slightly left of center. Air hole at top of nozzle. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: GABMERC, workshop active Late Flavian to Early Antonine period.

Discus Iconography: Nude satyr to left playing double-flute.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group iv

Date: Late Flavian to Early Antonine

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Morillo Cerdán 1999, no. 36 (discus fr.); Rodríguez Martín 2002, no. 55, pl. 14.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

236

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.63

Dimensions: L: 11.3 cm; W: 8.0 cm; H: 2.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Thin crack on discus and nozzle top. Clay 7.5YR7/2 pinkish gray, uneven glaze between 2.5YR5/4 and 2.5YR4/4 reddish brown, one lighter, one darker shade.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII b. Filling-hole in lower part. Air hole at top of nozzle. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s signature: L.MVN.SVC, workshop active from Late Flavian to Trajanic period; below small impressed ring.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Crab seen from above with claws pointing up.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group iv

Date: Late Flavian to Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: (Close) Waldhauer 1914, nos. 234–35, pl. 24; Iványi 1935, no. 6, pl. 15; Kricheldorf 1962, no. 81, pl. 10; Deneauve 1969, no. 531, pl. 54 (signed H); Lyster 1970, no. 23, fig. 8; Heres 1972, no. 166, pl. 21; Leibundgut 1977, no. 322, pl. 50; Bailey BM II, p. 83, Q 939, pl. 18, fig. 96 (with further refs.); Bussière 2000, no. 322, pl. 34, decor III.d.2.(1) (with further refs.); Chrzanovski et al. 2000, pp. 22–23, no. 2, pl. 1; Robin Petitot 2000, p. 57, no. 100; Rodríguez Martín 2002, no. 233, pl. 43; Rivet 2003, p. 150, nos. 236–38; Chrzanovski 2006, p. 70, no. 84; Cologne Museum, Wollman collection, permanent exhibit.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

237

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.128

Dimensions: L: 9.6 cm; W: 6.9 cm; H: 2.4 cm

Condition and Fabric: Tip of nozzle chipped. Clay 5YR6/6 reddish yellow, worn remains of glaze 2.5YR5/8 red.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII b. Filling-hole in lower part. Air hole at top of nozzle. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Large scalloped shell.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group iv

Date: Late Flavian to Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Bailey BM II, p. 85, Q 940, pl. 18, fig. 99 (with further refs.); Bussière 2000, no. 336, pl. 35, decor IV.a.5.(5) (with further refs.); Heimerl 2001, no. 72, pl. 3; Bémont and Chew 2007, pp. 266, 474, pl. 49, GA 159.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

238

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.113

Dimensions: L: 9.8 cm; W: 7.3 cm; H: 2.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Restored from several frr.; discus and part of nozzle overpainted. Clay near 5YR6/6 reddish yellow, glaze between 10R5/8 and 10R4/8 red, one lighter, one darker shade.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII b. Filling-hole between man’s feet. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Slightly raised base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Entertainer in loose tunic that leaves one shoulder bare sitting on ground, turning toward tamed monkey sitting at left; at right, a cat climbs up a ladder, above which are two juggling rings; the man holds an unidentified object in his right hand, a stick in his left; on the ground to his left, three objects, which Bailey identifies as “a squat pot, a loaf of bread and a bell.”

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group iv

Date: Late Flavian to Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: Brants 1913, no. 295, pl. 3; Fremersdorf 1922, p. 94, type 23 (with further refs.); Palol 1950, no. 39, fig. 104 (fr.); Schaetzen and Vanderhoeven 1956, no. 5, pl. 1; Vegas 1964, p. 314, no. 11, fig. 4 (Loeschcke I, Novaesium); Vegas 1966a, no. 192, pl. 7 (Novaesium); Salone 1973, no. 490, pl. 57 (fr.); Leibundgut 1977, no. 263, pl. 45 (fr.); Bailey BM II, p. 61, Q 861, pl. 10, fig. 65 (with further refs.); Bessi and Moncini 1980, no. 72, pl. 10; Flügel 1999, no. L1 A–B, pl. 138; Bussière 2000, decor II.d.10.(1) (with further refs.); Rivet 2003, p. 176, nos. 457–58; Casas Genover and Soler Fusté 2006, no. G 298, pl. 22; Lindros Wohl 2017, cat. 42 (fr.).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

III.A.b.e Bailey type B group v, with handles

Four Getty lamps (cats. 239–42) are classified as Bailey type B group v, despite a few differences. According to Bailey, this type is “a mixed group of lamps of Loeschcke type IV, . . . all furnished with handles” and “all with rounded shoulders” (Bailey BM II, p. 180). This is not the case for cats. 239–41, which have flat shoulders. However, since Bailey includes in his group v two lamps without a handle (Q 955 and Q 956), may we assume that there could also be some exceptions concerning the absence of rounded shoulders? Beside handles, all four Getty lamps have ear handles, a feature not seen among the thirteen lamps of Bailey group v. About the ear handles decorating BM lamp Q 755 (belonging to Bailey’s type A group i), he says: “this type of handle is an occasionally recurring feature on many lamp types over a long period of time, and it cannot be regarded as a chronological pointer” (BM II, p. 128). However, in order to avoid creating further subdivisions, we will keep Bailey’s classification.

Cat. 239 has a base-ring marked off by two grooves. Cats. 240–42 have a flat base marked off by one circular groove. Two have workshop signatures: cats. 240 and 242 a plain planta pedis; and cat. 241 has an incised tria nomina, COPPIRES. The number of discus decors is too small to point to any preference: a goatherd, Bacchus, and two geometrical decors. For cats. 241 and 242 we will accept Bailey’s date for his group v: Claudian to Flavian.

239

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.467

Dimensions: L: 14.0 cm; W: 10.1 cm; H: 3.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 2.5YR6/6 light red, faint traces of glaze on base and back basin 10R5/8 red. Slight mica.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Two voluted ear handles with arched, raised outer edge. Shoulder: Loeschcke form IV a. Filling-hole slightly left of center. Round-tipped volute-nozzle; burn marks. Base-ring marked off by two grooves.

Discus Iconography: Winged Bacchus leaning to the right on his thyrsus; at left striated column with unclear item on top of capital: small temple(?); small panther in front of it, its forepaws on large cantharus; behind the column, a second diagonally positioned thyrsus with streamers.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group v

Date: Claudian to Flavian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

240

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.250

Dimensions: L: 10.1 cm; W: 7.5 cm; H: 2.1 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR6/4 light reddish brown, glaze 2.5YR5/6 red. Gold mica.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. One voluted ear handle on each side. Plain flat shoulder. Flat-bottomed discus with rising sides, decorated with ring marked off by two ridges. Central filling-hole with traces of iron corrosion. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Plain planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group V, with handle

Date: Claudian to Flavian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

241

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.129

Dimensions: L: 11.5 cm; W: 7.6 cm; H: 2.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR7/3 very pale brown, a few traces of glaze 5YR5/4 reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Ear handle on each side with six impressed rays and small circles. Plain flat shoulder. Deep discus with central filling-hole. Small air hole on shoulder in front of nozzle. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s signature: COPPIRES has not been stamped in the mold but seemingly incised on the leatherhard lamp.

Discus Iconography: Band of closely spaced rays surrounding plain central discus.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group V, with handle

Date: Late Flavian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: (Near) Cologne Museum, Wollman collection, inv. no. W 3069.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

242

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.134

Dimensions: L: 10.3 cm; W: 8.0 H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR7/1 light gray, glaze 10YR4/2 dark grayish brown; burned. Mica.

Description: Moldmade. Intact. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Arched ear handle on each side. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII b. Central filling-hole. Round-tipped volute-nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Plain planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: Goatherd standing at left slightly leaning on his stick, watching three goats, one of them raised on its hind legs, eating leaves from a tree.

Type: Loeschcke IV; Bailey B group V, variant with lugs

Date: Flavian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: (Close) Bailey BM II, p. 45, Q 923, pl. 16, fig. 48 (sharp relief showing more goats and curled-up dog not visible on Getty lamp; further refs. given); Goethert-Polaschek 1985, p. 241, no. 403, pl. 57, motif M144; Kiss 1984 p. 297, fig. 1; (identical) Fabbricotti 1992, no. 3, pl. 53.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

III.A.b.5 Loeschcke type V = Bailey type C

The main difference from Loeschcke type IV is the shape of the volutes that decorate the nozzle. They are no longer double, with two knobs each, but simplified with only one knob. In fact, they end the shoulder that they prolong, hence their common name “shoulder-volutes.” In a first group the ogival nozzle is small, and the lamp has no handle. In a second group the nozzle is much bigger, and the lamp has a handle. Out of twenty-three items, fourteen have a given African place of manufacture or origin, seven an eastern one, and two are said by Schüller to come from Italy. Since they lack archaeological context information, the datings suggested follow those for the type in other publications.

243

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.66

Dimensions: L: 9.6 cm; W: 7.8 cm; H: 2.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR7/4 very pale brown, glaze mostly 10YR5/2 grayish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Narrow shoulder, separated from flat-bottomed discus by inward-sloping band of closely spaced rays. Three rings surround central filling-hole. V-shaped channel starting from outer ring connects discus to wick-hole, where channel’s two sides end in two small volutes. Short ogival nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove; on the left side are four short horizontal lines in relief.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Loeschcke V; Bailey type C

Date: Mid-first century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

244

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.131

Dimensions: L: 10.8 cm; W: 8.4 cm; H: 2.4 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR6/4 light brown, glaze 2.5YR4/4 reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VI a. Small central filling-hole. Slim ogival nozzle with simplified shoulder-volutes. Raised base-ring marked off by two grooves.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Loeschcke V

Date: Mid-first century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: None found; (close) Portulano 1996, no. 40, fig. 15; Bussière and Rivel 2012, no. 119.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

245

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.70

Dimensions: L: 10.5 cm; W: 8.3 cm; H: 2.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR6/4 light brown, glaze 7.5YR4/2 dark brown.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VI a, with a row of ovolos. Two raised rings midway toward slightly off-center filling-hole. Small unpierced air hole between shoulder-volutes. Slim ogival nozzle with simplified shoulder-volutes. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Loeschcke V

Date: Mid-first century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Southern Anatolia

Parallels: (Close) Deneauve 1969, no. 635, pl. 54.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

246

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.258

Dimensions: L: 10.0 cm; W: 7.7 cm; H: 2.1 cm

Condition and Fabric: Crack on discus and nozzle. Clay 2.5YR5/6 red, glaze 10R5/6 red.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: near Loeschcke form VII b, with oak wreath, leaves and acorns alternating. Concave discus with central filling-hole. Slim round-tipped nozzle with simplified shoulder-volutes. At edge of discus, facing nozzle, a row of four small, parallel striations. Base marked off by one circular groove and partly pushed in.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Loeschcke V

Date: Mid-first century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: None found; for a shoulder with an oak-wreath decor, see Deneauve 1969, no. 799, pl. 75 (Loeschcke VIII); Heres 1972, no. 243, pl. 30; Allison 2006, no. 1956, pl. 119 (slightly different, on a Loeschcke VIII lamp).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

247

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.438.68

Dimensions: L: 9.5 cm; W: 7.3 cm; H: 2.2 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR6/1 gray, uneven glaze mostly 10YR4/2 dark grayish brown. Gold mica.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII b. Filling-hole below center. Air hole between nozzle volutes. Slim nozzle with simplified shoulder-volutes and relatively big wick-hole. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Scalloped shell.

Type: Loeschcke V

Date: Mid-first century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Southern Anatolia

Parallels: None found; (near) Goethert-Polaschek 1985, no. 605, pl. 65.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

248

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.468

Dimensions: L: 15.6 cm; W: 10.2 cm; H: 3.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR6/2 pinkish gray, glaze originally(?) 5YR5/3 reddish brown; mostly burned darker.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke VI b. Filling-hole lower left. Small air hole on edge of discus, facing nozzle. Slim nozzle with simplified shoulder-volutes. Raised flat base-ring. Potter’s mark: incuse plain planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: Winged Victory standing to left in long pleated garment, right hand holding a round shield inscribed with New Year’s wishes; palm branch in crook of left arm. Shield inscription only partly readable, . . . FAVSTVMFELICEMMIHIC, most probably the well-known inscription: ANNVMNOVM FAVSTVMFELICEMMIHIC (see Bailey BM II, Q 957–Q 959, and Q 1043, fig. 112).

Type: Loeschcke V; Bailey C group i

Date: Ca. mid-first century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Central Anatolia

Parallels: Bailey BM II, pp. 26–29, fig. 22. None of the different drawings of Victory in Bailey BM II is identical to the Getty decor; the closest is BM Q 957 without the strenae. Numerous refs. given for this motif.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

249

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.133

Dimensions: L: 10.6 cm; W: 6.6 cm; H: 2.4 cm

Condition and Fabric: Chipped handle, restored. Clay 10R6/6 light red, glaze 10R5/6 red.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VI b. Filling-hole lower left. Slim ogival nozzle with simplified shoulder-volutes and burn marks. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Bust of Sol on a crescent (Luna), twelve rays radiating from his head.

Type: Loeschcke V; Bailey C group i

Date: Late Claudian to Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: (Close) Bussière 2000, no. 66, pl. 19, and no. 429, pl. 39 (with only five rays), p. 164, decor I.b.5.(1), and decor I.b.5.(3) (Loeschcke I); Rodríguez Martín 2002, no. 68, pl. 16.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

250

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.132

Dimensions: L: 10.0 cm; W: 6.3 cm; H: 2.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay near 5YR5/6 yellowish red, glaze mostly 10R5/6 red; substantial blackened parts.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VI b; small dotted circle on shoulder at each side of handle, two more on each side of volutes. Filling-hole lower right. Ogival nozzle with simplified shoulder-volutes; burn marks. Base marked off by circular groove. Illegible planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: Big fluted cantharus with tympanon; behind it a staff that in a bacchic ambiance could be a thyrsus.

Type: Loeschcke V; Bailey C group i

Date: Late Claudian to Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

251

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.118

Dimensions: L: 11.5 cm; W: 7.2 cm; H: 2.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Major crack on restored discus, with small part missing. Clay 5YR6/4 light reddish brown, slip same color.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke near form VI a. Filling-hole on left side of discus. Slim ogival nozzle with simplified shoulder-volutes. Base marked off by one circular groove. Plain planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: Winged Cupid to left, bending over lit altar.

Type: Loeschcke V; Bailey C group iii

Date: Neronian to Early Flavian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Southern Anatolia

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

252

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.438.110

Dimensions: L: 12.5 cm; W: 7.7 cm; H: 2.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR6/1–7/1 between gray and light gray, a few traces of dark glaze 10YR4/1 dark gray.

Description: Moldmade from worn mold. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part and iron corrosion. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII b. Filling-hole slightly to right of center with traces of iron corrosion, probably from a wick-nail. Broad nozzle with simplified shoulder-volutes. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: LMVNSVC.

Discus Iconography: Man wearing tunic and holding stick walking to right guiding an animal, possibly a donkey.

Type: Loeschcke V; Bailey C group iv

Date: Flavian to Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Tunisia

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

253

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.109

Dimensions: L: 11.2 cm; W: 6.7 cm; H: 2.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR7/3 very pale brown, mottled uneven glaze 2.5YR6/6 light red and 10YR4/4 reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a. Filling-hole lower right. Ogival nozzle with simplified shoulder-volutes. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: LMVNSVC; beneath, small circle consisting of two concentric rings enclosing dots; above, semicircle in very light relief.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Frontal view of bearded, helmeted Mars, head turned to right, holding a round shield on his left arm and a long spear in his right hand.

Type: Loeschcke V; Bailey C group iv

Date: Flavian to Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: (Identical) Bergès 1989, p. 88, no. 147, fig. 38.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

254

Inventory Number: 80.AQ.46.5

Dimensions: L: 11.8 cm; W: 7.0 cm; H: 2.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Tiny hole on lower body, to right of handle. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, worn uneven glaze mostly 2.5YR5/4 reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a. Filling-hole lower right with small part of corroded iron wick-nail. Tiny air hole at top of nozzle. Nozzle with simplified shoulder-volutes. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: M SV; beneath, small mark: letter X or cross in slight relief.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Frontal view of Mars looking right, bearded, helmeted, holding a round shield on his left arm and a long spear in his right hand.

Type: Loeschcke V; Bailey C group iv

Date: Flavian to Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Tunisia

Parallels: (Identical) Bergès 1989, p. 88, no. 147, fig. 38; cat. 253, except for the form of the signature.

Provenance: – 1980, William L. Eagleton, Jr., American, 1926–2011, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1980.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

255

Inventory Number: 79.AQ.28.2

Dimensions: L: 11.1 cm; W: 7.0 cm; H: 2.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR7/3 pink, glaze 5YR5/3 reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a. Filling-hole in lower field. Tiny unpierced air hole at top of nozzle. Broad nozzle with simplified shoulder-volutes. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: CCLOSVC; beneath, vertical wavy raised line.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Biga rushing to right, charioteer whipping horses.

Type: Loeschcke V; Bailey C group iv

Date: Flavian to Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Tunisia

Parallels: (Close) Álvarez-Ossorio 1942, no. 3–13–505, fig. 2 (L.MADIEC); Deneauve 1969, no. 474, pl. 50 (Loeschcke IV); Mlasowsky 1993, p. 207, nos. 195–96; Robin Petitot 2000, p. 55, no. 85; Rodríguez Martín 2002, no. 171, pl. 33 (fr.); (identical) Deneauve 1969, no. 611, pl. 62 (CCLOSVC); Boube 1977, p. 445, pl. CXCVIII; Rosenthal and Sivan 1978, p. 32, no. 112; Bochum Museum, Schüller Collection, cat. no. 266, S 786 (Loeschcke VIII) (Anatolia).

Provenance: – 1979, William L. Eagleton, Jr., American, 1926–2011, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1979.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

256

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.124

Dimensions: L: 12.3 cm; W: 7.6 cm; H: 2.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, glaze 2.5YR5/6 red.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a. Filling-hole in right field. Air hole at top of nozzle. Ogival nozzle with simplified shoulder-volutes. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: CCLOSV.

Discus Iconography: Two nude women, one on each side of a water basin on a fluted base; the one on the left is pouring water from a jar.

Type: Loeschcke V; Bailey C group iv

Date: Flavian to Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels:
(Identical) Deneauve 1969, no. 615, pl. 62 (LMRES); Bussière 2000, no. 459, pl. 40 (MADIEC) (Constantine), decor I.a.8.(8), with further parallels; cat. 185 (Loeschcke IV).

A bronze mirror in the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, shows a near decor; see LIMC 2.2, p. 452, s.v. Aphrodite.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

257

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.91

Dimensions: L: 12.5 cm; W: 7.9 cm; H: 3.1 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact; modern overpaint. Clay near 5YR7/3 pink, overpaint mostly 7.5YR4/4 dark brown.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a. Filling-hole slightly below center of discus. Air hole at top of nozzle. Broad ogival nozzle with simplified shoulder-volutes. Slightly raised base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s signature: C.CLO.SVC.

Discus Iconography: Bacchic panther to right with one paw on a big cantharus seemingly full of grapes.

Type: Loeschcke V; Bailey C group iv

Date: Flavian to Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Tunisia

Parallels: Brants 1913, no. 703, pl. 5 (Loeschcke VIII); (identical) Deneauve 1969, no. 600, pl. 61 (signed AD); Heres 1972, no. 23, pl. 6 (Loeschcke III); Bussière 2000, p. 159, no. 379, pl. 38, decor I.a.10.(32) (with further refs.) (LMADIEC) (Tebessa); Bochum Museum, Schüller Collection, cat. no. 93, S 704 (Loeschcke IV) (Anatolia).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

258

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.550

Dimensions: L: 11.2 cm; W: 6.8 cm; H: 2.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: A few cracks on shoulder and discus; holes on left side of shoulder and right part of base. Clay 7.5YR8/4 pink, uneven glaze mostly 5YR6/4 light reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII b. Filling-hole lower left. Air hole on edge of discus above nozzle. Broad nozzle with simplified shoulder-volutes. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: CCLOSVC with small incuse rosette above.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Peacock with open tail.

Type: Loeschcke V; Bailey C group iv

Date: Flavian to Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Unknown; presumably Tunisia

Parallels: (Close) Loeschcke 1919, no. 513, pl. 13 (Loeschcke IV); Bailey BM III, p. 80, fig. 101, motif IV(b)v; Bussière 2000, p. 204, no. 391, pl. 38, decor III.b.5.(1) (with further refs.).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

259

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.100

Dimensions: L: 12.8 cm; W: 7.8 cm; H: 2.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact; overpainted. Clay near 7.5YR6/4 light brown, modern even overpaint 10YR4/4 dark yellowish brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a. Filling-hole in lower field interrupts lines of waves. Small air hole at top of nozzle. Ogival nozzle with simplified shoulder-volutes. Blurred base-ring. Potter’s incuse signature: CCLOSVC.

Discus Iconography: Two fishermen in a boat sailing to right; man at helm is maneuvering the sail; the other man is busy at the prow; both wear round hats like many fishermen seen on lamps. Below boat: fish(?).

Type: Loeschcke V; Bailey C group iv

Date: Flavian to Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Tunisia

Parallels: (Identical) Kricheldorf 1962, no. 44, pl. 5; Deneauve 1969, no. 617, pl. 62 (LMVNSVC).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

260

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.438.90

Dimensions: L: 12.1 cm; W.7.6; H: 3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Thin crack on discus; modern overpaint. Clay 7.5YR8/2 pinkish white, overpaint near 10R4/3 weak red, with brown tint.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a. Filling-hole in lower field. Air hole on top of nozzle. Round nozzle with simplified shoulder-volutes. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: LMADIEC.

Discus Iconography: Europa with veil floating behind her, riding bull to left—Jupiter metamorphosed.

Type: Loeschcke V; Bailey C group iv

Date: Flavian to Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Brants 1913, no. 431, pl. 4 (GABINIA); Kricheldorf 1962, no. 89, pl. 11 (CCLOSVC); Leibundgut 1977, no. 22, pl. 25 (Loeschcke I); Gualandi Genito 1977, no. 217, pl. 32 (Loeschcke IV); (close) García Pereira Maia 1997, p. 69, no. Lu 168; Bussière 2000, no. 426, pl. 39, decor I.a.1.(8) (with further refs.) (COPPIRES) (Tipasa); Rodríguez Martín 2002, no. 129, pl. 26, similar theme treated slightly differently on a Loeschcke type IV; Bochum Museum, Schüller Collection, cat. no. 132, S 821 (GABINIA) (Loeschcke V) (Tunisia).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

261

Inventory Number: 79.AQ.28.3

Dimensions: L: 12.3 cm; W: 7.3 cm; H: 3.2 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR7/4 pink, glaze preserved especially on top, between 10R5/6 red and 10Y4/4 weak red, with brownish tint.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a. Filling-hole lower left. Air hole on top of nozzle. Ogival nozzle with simplified shoulder-volutes. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: LMADIEC.

Discus Iconography: Winged Victory to right, draped from waist down, writing on a shield.

Type: Loeschcke V; Bailey C group iv

Date: Flavian to Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Tunisia

Parallels: Bussière 2000, nos. 434–44, pl. 40 (Sétif, Djemila, Timgad, Tebessa, Cherchell [LMADIEC, CCLOSVC], decor I.b.9.(8), with further parallels).

Provenance: – 1979, William L. Eagleton, Jr., American, 1926–2011, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1979.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

262

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.393

Dimensions: L: 11.1 cm; W: 7.1 cm; H: 2.9 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay near 5YR5/4 reddish brown, glaze 2.5YR4/6 red.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a. Filling-hole in lower field. Small air hole at top of nozzle. Broad ogival nozzle with simplified shoulder-volutes. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: L.M.ADIEC.

Discus Iconography: Erotic scene: at left man kneeling behind woman lying on a bed to right, holding up one of her legs by resting her foot on his shoulder.

Type: Loeschcke V; Bailey C group iv

Date: Flavian to Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: (Close) Loeschcke 1919, no. 412, pl. 8 (Loeschcke IV); Deneauve 1969, no. 620, pl. 62 (COPPIRES); Leibundgut 1977, no. 180, pl. 38 (Loeschcke IV); Bailey BM II, pp. 67–68, Q 1287, fig. 70 (with further refs.); Hellmann 1987, no. 132, pl. 14; Bonnet and Delplace 1989, no. 53, pl. 2 (Saint-Bertrand-de-Comminges), and no. 65, pl. 11 (Loeschcke IV) (Montans); Mlasowsky 1993, p. 223, no. 211 (Loeschcke VIII); Massa 1997, no. 3, pl. 30 (Loeschcke IV); Bussière 2000, decor II.f.2.(5) (with further refs.); Bémont 2002, no. 180, pl. 17, and MAN (Saint Germain-en-Laye), inv. 12.429; Casas Genover and Soler Fusté 2006, no. G 340, pl. 26.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

263

Inventory Number: 80.AQ.46.7

Dimensions: L: 10.5 cm; W: 6.6 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR7/2 light gray, glaze 7.5YR4/4 dark brown.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a. Filling-hole on left side of discus. Nozzle with simplified shoulder-volutes. Base marked off by one circular groove. Illegible potter’s incuse signature.

Discus Iconography: Nude Venus crouching to left, busy at her toilet, holding a shell; behind her at right, a spiraled column with tilted jug on top.

Type: Loeschcke V; Bailey C group iv

Date: Flavian to Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Tunisia

Parallels: Ponsich 1961, no. 124, pl. 12; Belchior 1969, pl. 11.2; Bussière 2000, no. 458, pl. 40 (GABINIA), decor I.a.8.(2) (further parallels given); Bochum Museum, Schüller Collection, cat. no. 124, S 663 (Tunisia).

Provenance: – 1980, William L. Eagleton, Jr., American, 1926–2011, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1980.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

Discussion: The figure of Venus on the discus is based on a famous third-century B.C. statue ascribed to Doidalsas, Crouching Venus, frequently copied (LIMC 2.2, p. 103, no. 1037, s.v. Aphrodite).

264

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.438.405

Dimensions: L: 13.3 cm; W: 8.2 cm; H: 3.2 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR5/1 gray, glaze 7.5YR2/0 black and shiny.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part; center space marked by transverse notches. Filling-hole in right field. Air hole on top of nozzle. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VI b; globules on either side of handle base look like rivets, of an unfamiliar shape. Nozzle with simplified shoulder-volutes. Slightly raised base-ring.

Discus Iconography: Erotic scene (fellatio): woman seated on chair at left, facing man seated at right; water-jug behind him; groundline.

Type: Loeschcke V; Bailey C group iv

Date: Flavian to Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Italy, as given by Schüller, who adds in parenthesis (Greece?), as if he did not remember

Parallels: (Identical) Wilmet 2003, p. 247, FM 260, fig. 10. Same theme treated differently: Oziol 1977, no. 401, pl. 21; Clarke 1998, p. 221, fig. 92 (Pompeii); Rodríguez Martín 2002, no. 199, pl. 38.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

Discussion: The pristine quality of the metallic glaze together with the theme might raise suspicion about authenticity. However, the glaze is not modern overpaint, and in our opinion the lamp is not a fake.

265

Inventory Number: 81.AQ.38.4

Dimensions: L: 12.7 cm; W: 7.6 cm; H: 3.2 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR6/4 light reddish brown, glaze 2.5YR5/6 red (a few traces under much incrustation).

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with one groove on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VIII b, with sinuous floral pattern; tendrils and leaves on right shoulder; tendrils, four leaves, and one fruit on left shoulder. Filling-hole lower left. Long nozzle with shoulder-volutes and ogival tip; unpierced air hole at top of nozzle. Raised base-ring marked off by two grooves.

Discus Iconography: Two wading birds to right; the one at right lying, the other standing on groundline.

Type: Loeschcke V; Bailey C group v

Date: Neronian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Tunisia

Parallels: Haken 1958, no. 49, pl. 4.

Provenance: – 1981, William L. Eagleton, Jr., American, 1926–2011, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1981.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

III.A.b.a Lamps without handle

Bailey’s assumption that the Italian examples of his type C always have handles is too categoric, as shown by a lamp with no handle found in Southern Italy (Zaccaria Ruggiu 1980, p. 96, no. 127), to mention just one example. Lamps of the type with no handle exist in provinces outside Italy, although certainly in limited numbers (see, e.g., Goethert-Polaschek 1985, no. 605, pl. 65 [Trier]; Deneauve 1969, no. 635, pl. 44 [Carthage]; Bussière 2000, no. 374, pl. 37 [Tipasa], or nos. 375–76, pl. 38 [Tebessa]).

The five Getty lamps of this type all have a small slim nozzle. This feature, as well as the nozzle with V-shaped channel on cat. 243 and already noticed on lamps of Loeschcke type I A, is a sign of an early date of the type, ca. mid-first century A.D. Two lamps have a shoulder of Loeschcke form VI a (cats. 244–45), and two of form VII b (cats. 246–47). One has a base-ring (cat. 244), the four others a base marked off by a circular groove. Two discuses are plain, two are decorated with rings, one with a scallop. In light of these observations, we will attribute this group to the very beginning of the Loeschcke type V production: ca. mid-first century A.D.

243

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.66

Dimensions: L: 9.6 cm; W: 7.8 cm; H: 2.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR7/4 very pale brown, glaze mostly 10YR5/2 grayish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Narrow shoulder, separated from flat-bottomed discus by inward-sloping band of closely spaced rays. Three rings surround central filling-hole. V-shaped channel starting from outer ring connects discus to wick-hole, where channel’s two sides end in two small volutes. Short ogival nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove; on the left side are four short horizontal lines in relief.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Loeschcke V; Bailey type C

Date: Mid-first century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

244

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.131

Dimensions: L: 10.8 cm; W: 8.4 cm; H: 2.4 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR6/4 light brown, glaze 2.5YR4/4 reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VI a. Small central filling-hole. Slim ogival nozzle with simplified shoulder-volutes. Raised base-ring marked off by two grooves.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Loeschcke V

Date: Mid-first century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: None found; (close) Portulano 1996, no. 40, fig. 15; Bussière and Rivel 2012, no. 119.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

245

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.70

Dimensions: L: 10.5 cm; W: 8.3 cm; H: 2.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR6/4 light brown, glaze 7.5YR4/2 dark brown.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VI a, with a row of ovolos. Two raised rings midway toward slightly off-center filling-hole. Small unpierced air hole between shoulder-volutes. Slim ogival nozzle with simplified shoulder-volutes. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Loeschcke V

Date: Mid-first century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Southern Anatolia

Parallels: (Close) Deneauve 1969, no. 635, pl. 54.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

246

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.258

Dimensions: L: 10.0 cm; W: 7.7 cm; H: 2.1 cm

Condition and Fabric: Crack on discus and nozzle. Clay 2.5YR5/6 red, glaze 10R5/6 red.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: near Loeschcke form VII b, with oak wreath, leaves and acorns alternating. Concave discus with central filling-hole. Slim round-tipped nozzle with simplified shoulder-volutes. At edge of discus, facing nozzle, a row of four small, parallel striations. Base marked off by one circular groove and partly pushed in.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Loeschcke V

Date: Mid-first century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: None found; for a shoulder with an oak-wreath decor, see Deneauve 1969, no. 799, pl. 75 (Loeschcke VIII); Heres 1972, no. 243, pl. 30; Allison 2006, no. 1956, pl. 119 (slightly different, on a Loeschcke VIII lamp).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

247

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.438.68

Dimensions: L: 9.5 cm; W: 7.3 cm; H: 2.2 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR6/1 gray, uneven glaze mostly 10YR4/2 dark grayish brown. Gold mica.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII b. Filling-hole below center. Air hole between nozzle volutes. Slim nozzle with simplified shoulder-volutes and relatively big wick-hole. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Scalloped shell.

Type: Loeschcke V

Date: Mid-first century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Southern Anatolia

Parallels: None found; (near) Goethert-Polaschek 1985, no. 605, pl. 65.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

III.A.b.b Lamps with handle

Bailey arranges the lamps of his type C ( = Loeschcke V) into five groups, all with a handle. Three Getty lamps (cats. 248–50) belong to his group i, which he dates Late Claudian to Trajanic. We are inclined to assign cat. 248 to the mid-first century A.D. because of its slim nozzle and base-ring. It is not easy to decide if cat. 251 actually belongs to Bailey group iii or not. We assign this lamp to Loeschcke shoulder form VI a, while Bailey attributes another form to the two lamps of his group iii. Three lamps (cats. 248 and 250–51) have a plain planta pedis. The discus decors of cats. 248–51 are all related to mythology.

The fourteen Getty lamps falling into Bailey’s group iv are very similar. They all have Loeschcke shoulder form VII b, a flat base marked off by one circular groove, and almost all have a workshop signature in tria nomina. CCLOSVC appears five times; LMADIEC three times; LMVNSVC twice; one signature in tria nomina is illegible; and cat. 254 has three initials, MSV, with an unclear fourth letter underneath. The three first signatures appear frequently on lamps found in Africa. Their workshops, commonly accepted as being Italian rather than African, exported a lot of their products to Africa, or possibly even had branches operating there. They produced lamps of different types during a period from Late Flavian to Trajanic and even Hadrianic. The Getty lamps of Loeschcke type V were manufactured in Late Flavian to Trajanic times, but not later.

Seven discus decors are related to mythology; three to everyday life; one to the circus; one to animals; and two are symplegmata.

Cat. 265 alone falls into Bailey’s group v. Its slim nozzle and its base-ring suggest an early date in the wide range Bailey proposes for his group v: Neronian to Hadrianic. The Neronian period for this lamp is suggested here.

248

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.468

Dimensions: L: 15.6 cm; W: 10.2 cm; H: 3.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR6/2 pinkish gray, glaze originally(?) 5YR5/3 reddish brown; mostly burned darker.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke VI b. Filling-hole lower left. Small air hole on edge of discus, facing nozzle. Slim nozzle with simplified shoulder-volutes. Raised flat base-ring. Potter’s mark: incuse plain planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: Winged Victory standing to left in long pleated garment, right hand holding a round shield inscribed with New Year’s wishes; palm branch in crook of left arm. Shield inscription only partly readable, . . . FAVSTVMFELICEMMIHIC, most probably the well-known inscription: ANNVMNOVM FAVSTVMFELICEMMIHIC (see Bailey BM II, Q 957–Q 959, and Q 1043, fig. 112).

Type: Loeschcke V; Bailey C group i

Date: Ca. mid-first century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Central Anatolia

Parallels: Bailey BM II, pp. 26–29, fig. 22. None of the different drawings of Victory in Bailey BM II is identical to the Getty decor; the closest is BM Q 957 without the strenae. Numerous refs. given for this motif.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

249

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.133

Dimensions: L: 10.6 cm; W: 6.6 cm; H: 2.4 cm

Condition and Fabric: Chipped handle, restored. Clay 10R6/6 light red, glaze 10R5/6 red.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VI b. Filling-hole lower left. Slim ogival nozzle with simplified shoulder-volutes and burn marks. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Bust of Sol on a crescent (Luna), twelve rays radiating from his head.

Type: Loeschcke V; Bailey C group i

Date: Late Claudian to Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: (Close) Bussière 2000, no. 66, pl. 19, and no. 429, pl. 39 (with only five rays), p. 164, decor I.b.5.(1), and decor I.b.5.(3) (Loeschcke I); Rodríguez Martín 2002, no. 68, pl. 16.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

250

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.132

Dimensions: L: 10.0 cm; W: 6.3 cm; H: 2.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay near 5YR5/6 yellowish red, glaze mostly 10R5/6 red; substantial blackened parts.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VI b; small dotted circle on shoulder at each side of handle, two more on each side of volutes. Filling-hole lower right. Ogival nozzle with simplified shoulder-volutes; burn marks. Base marked off by circular groove. Illegible planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: Big fluted cantharus with tympanon; behind it a staff that in a bacchic ambiance could be a thyrsus.

Type: Loeschcke V; Bailey C group i

Date: Late Claudian to Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

251

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.118

Dimensions: L: 11.5 cm; W: 7.2 cm; H: 2.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Major crack on restored discus, with small part missing. Clay 5YR6/4 light reddish brown, slip same color.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke near form VI a. Filling-hole on left side of discus. Slim ogival nozzle with simplified shoulder-volutes. Base marked off by one circular groove. Plain planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: Winged Cupid to left, bending over lit altar.

Type: Loeschcke V; Bailey C group iii

Date: Neronian to Early Flavian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Southern Anatolia

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

252

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.438.110

Dimensions: L: 12.5 cm; W: 7.7 cm; H: 2.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR6/1–7/1 between gray and light gray, a few traces of dark glaze 10YR4/1 dark gray.

Description: Moldmade from worn mold. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part and iron corrosion. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII b. Filling-hole slightly to right of center with traces of iron corrosion, probably from a wick-nail. Broad nozzle with simplified shoulder-volutes. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: LMVNSVC.

Discus Iconography: Man wearing tunic and holding stick walking to right guiding an animal, possibly a donkey.

Type: Loeschcke V; Bailey C group iv

Date: Flavian to Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Tunisia

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

252 bis

Inventory Number: 81.AQ.112.4

Dimensions: L: 6.5 W: 5.6 H: 2.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Handle completely and wrongly restored (should be pierced); scar on right side; small hole on underside of nozzle. Clay 7.5YR 8/2 pinkish white, slip 2.5Y 8/2 white.

Description: Moldmade, from worn mold. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII b. Filling-hole in lower field. Nozzle with simplified shoulder-volutes. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Rider on horseback slowly moving to right (blurred relief).

Type: Loeschcke V; Bailey C group iv

Date: Flavian to Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Italy

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: – 1981, Robert L. Lawson, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1981.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

253

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.109

Dimensions: L: 11.2 cm; W: 6.7 cm; H: 2.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR7/3 very pale brown, mottled uneven glaze 2.5YR6/6 light red and 10YR4/4 reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a. Filling-hole lower right. Ogival nozzle with simplified shoulder-volutes. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: LMVNSVC; beneath, small circle consisting of two concentric rings enclosing dots; above, semicircle in very light relief.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Frontal view of bearded, helmeted Mars, head turned to right, holding a round shield on his left arm and a long spear in his right hand.

Type: Loeschcke V; Bailey C group iv

Date: Flavian to Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: (Identical) Bergès 1989, p. 88, no. 147, fig. 38.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

254

Inventory Number: 80.AQ.46.5

Dimensions: L: 11.8 cm; W: 7.0 cm; H: 2.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Tiny hole on lower body, to right of handle. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, worn uneven glaze mostly 2.5YR5/4 reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a. Filling-hole lower right with small part of corroded iron wick-nail. Tiny air hole at top of nozzle. Nozzle with simplified shoulder-volutes. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: M SV; beneath, small mark: letter X or cross in slight relief.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Frontal view of Mars looking right, bearded, helmeted, holding a round shield on his left arm and a long spear in his right hand.

Type: Loeschcke V; Bailey C group iv

Date: Flavian to Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Tunisia

Parallels: (Identical) Bergès 1989, p. 88, no. 147, fig. 38; cat. 253, except for the form of the signature.

Provenance: – 1980, William L. Eagleton, Jr., American, 1926–2011, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1980.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

255

Inventory Number: 79.AQ.28.2

Dimensions: L: 11.1 cm; W: 7.0 cm; H: 2.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR7/3 pink, glaze 5YR5/3 reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a. Filling-hole in lower field. Tiny unpierced air hole at top of nozzle. Broad nozzle with simplified shoulder-volutes. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: CCLOSVC; beneath, vertical wavy raised line.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Biga rushing to right, charioteer whipping horses.

Type: Loeschcke V; Bailey C group iv

Date: Flavian to Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Tunisia

Parallels: (Close) Álvarez-Ossorio 1942, no. 3–13–505, fig. 2 (L.MADIEC); Deneauve 1969, no. 474, pl. 50 (Loeschcke IV); Mlasowsky 1993, p. 207, nos. 195–96; Robin Petitot 2000, p. 55, no. 85; Rodríguez Martín 2002, no. 171, pl. 33 (fr.); (identical) Deneauve 1969, no. 611, pl. 62 (CCLOSVC); Boube 1977, p. 445, pl. CXCVIII; Rosenthal and Sivan 1978, p. 32, no. 112; Bochum Museum, Schüller Collection, cat. no. 266, S 786 (Loeschcke VIII) (Anatolia).

Provenance: – 1979, William L. Eagleton, Jr., American, 1926–2011, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1979.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

256

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.124

Dimensions: L: 12.3 cm; W: 7.6 cm; H: 2.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, glaze 2.5YR5/6 red.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a. Filling-hole in right field. Air hole at top of nozzle. Ogival nozzle with simplified shoulder-volutes. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: CCLOSV.

Discus Iconography: Two nude women, one on each side of a water basin on a fluted base; the one on the left is pouring water from a jar.

Type: Loeschcke V; Bailey C group iv

Date: Flavian to Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels:
(Identical) Deneauve 1969, no. 615, pl. 62 (LMRES); Bussière 2000, no. 459, pl. 40 (MADIEC) (Constantine), decor I.a.8.(8), with further parallels; cat. 185 (Loeschcke IV).

A bronze mirror in the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, shows a near decor; see LIMC 2.2, p. 452, s.v. Aphrodite.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

257

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.91

Dimensions: L: 12.5 cm; W: 7.9 cm; H: 3.1 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact; modern overpaint. Clay near 5YR7/3 pink, overpaint mostly 7.5YR4/4 dark brown.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a. Filling-hole slightly below center of discus. Air hole at top of nozzle. Broad ogival nozzle with simplified shoulder-volutes. Slightly raised base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s signature: C.CLO.SVC.

Discus Iconography: Bacchic panther to right with one paw on a big cantharus seemingly full of grapes.

Type: Loeschcke V; Bailey C group iv

Date: Flavian to Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Tunisia

Parallels: Brants 1913, no. 703, pl. 5 (Loeschcke VIII); (identical) Deneauve 1969, no. 600, pl. 61 (signed AD); Heres 1972, no. 23, pl. 6 (Loeschcke III); Bussière 2000, p. 159, no. 379, pl. 38, decor I.a.10.(32) (with further refs.) (LMADIEC) (Tebessa); Bochum Museum, Schüller Collection, cat. no. 93, S 704 (Loeschcke IV) (Anatolia).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

258

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.550

Dimensions: L: 11.2 cm; W: 6.8 cm; H: 2.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: A few cracks on shoulder and discus; holes on left side of shoulder and right part of base. Clay 7.5YR8/4 pink, uneven glaze mostly 5YR6/4 light reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII b. Filling-hole lower left. Air hole on edge of discus above nozzle. Broad nozzle with simplified shoulder-volutes. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: CCLOSVC with small incuse rosette above.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Peacock with open tail.

Type: Loeschcke V; Bailey C group iv

Date: Flavian to Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Unknown; presumably Tunisia

Parallels: (Close) Loeschcke 1919, no. 513, pl. 13 (Loeschcke IV); Bailey BM III, p. 80, fig. 101, motif IV(b)v; Bussière 2000, p. 204, no. 391, pl. 38, decor III.b.5.(1) (with further refs.).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

259

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.100

Dimensions: L: 12.8 cm; W: 7.8 cm; H: 2.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact; overpainted. Clay near 7.5YR6/4 light brown, modern even overpaint 10YR4/4 dark yellowish brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a. Filling-hole in lower field interrupts lines of waves. Small air hole at top of nozzle. Ogival nozzle with simplified shoulder-volutes. Blurred base-ring. Potter’s incuse signature: CCLOSVC.

Discus Iconography: Two fishermen in a boat sailing to right; man at helm is maneuvering the sail; the other man is busy at the prow; both wear round hats like many fishermen seen on lamps. Below boat: fish(?).

Type: Loeschcke V; Bailey C group iv

Date: Flavian to Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Tunisia

Parallels: (Identical) Kricheldorf 1962, no. 44, pl. 5; Deneauve 1969, no. 617, pl. 62 (LMVNSVC).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

260

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.438.90

Dimensions: L: 12.1 cm; W.7.6; H: 3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Thin crack on discus; modern overpaint. Clay 7.5YR8/2 pinkish white, overpaint near 10R4/3 weak red, with brown tint.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a. Filling-hole in lower field. Air hole on top of nozzle. Round nozzle with simplified shoulder-volutes. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: LMADIEC.

Discus Iconography: Europa with veil floating behind her, riding bull to left—Jupiter metamorphosed.

Type: Loeschcke V; Bailey C group iv

Date: Flavian to Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Brants 1913, no. 431, pl. 4 (GABINIA); Kricheldorf 1962, no. 89, pl. 11 (CCLOSVC); Leibundgut 1977, no. 22, pl. 25 (Loeschcke I); Gualandi Genito 1977, no. 217, pl. 32 (Loeschcke IV); (close) García Pereira Maia 1997, p. 69, no. Lu 168; Bussière 2000, no. 426, pl. 39, decor I.a.1.(8) (with further refs.) (COPPIRES) (Tipasa); Rodríguez Martín 2002, no. 129, pl. 26, similar theme treated slightly differently on a Loeschcke type IV; Bochum Museum, Schüller Collection, cat. no. 132, S 821 (GABINIA) (Loeschcke V) (Tunisia).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

261

Inventory Number: 79.AQ.28.3

Dimensions: L: 12.3 cm; W: 7.3 cm; H: 3.2 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR7/4 pink, glaze preserved especially on top, between 10R5/6 red and 10Y4/4 weak red, with brownish tint.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a. Filling-hole lower left. Air hole on top of nozzle. Ogival nozzle with simplified shoulder-volutes. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: LMADIEC.

Discus Iconography: Winged Victory to right, draped from waist down, writing on a shield.

Type: Loeschcke V; Bailey C group iv

Date: Flavian to Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Tunisia

Parallels: Bussière 2000, nos. 434–44, pl. 40 (Sétif, Djemila, Timgad, Tebessa, Cherchell [LMADIEC, CCLOSVC], decor I.b.9.(8), with further parallels).

Provenance: – 1979, William L. Eagleton, Jr., American, 1926–2011, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1979.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

262

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.393

Dimensions: L: 11.1 cm; W: 7.1 cm; H: 2.9 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay near 5YR5/4 reddish brown, glaze 2.5YR4/6 red.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a. Filling-hole in lower field. Small air hole at top of nozzle. Broad ogival nozzle with simplified shoulder-volutes. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: L.M.ADIEC.

Discus Iconography: Erotic scene: at left man kneeling behind woman lying on a bed to right, holding up one of her legs by resting her foot on his shoulder.

Type: Loeschcke V; Bailey C group iv

Date: Flavian to Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: (Close) Loeschcke 1919, no. 412, pl. 8 (Loeschcke IV); Deneauve 1969, no. 620, pl. 62 (COPPIRES); Leibundgut 1977, no. 180, pl. 38 (Loeschcke IV); Bailey BM II, pp. 67–68, Q 1287, fig. 70 (with further refs.); Hellmann 1987, no. 132, pl. 14; Bonnet and Delplace 1989, no. 53, pl. 2 (Saint-Bertrand-de-Comminges), and no. 65, pl. 11 (Loeschcke IV) (Montans); Mlasowsky 1993, p. 223, no. 211 (Loeschcke VIII); Massa 1997, no. 3, pl. 30 (Loeschcke IV); Bussière 2000, decor II.f.2.(5) (with further refs.); Bémont 2002, no. 180, pl. 17, and MAN (Saint Germain-en-Laye), inv. 12.429; Casas Genover and Soler Fusté 2006, no. G 340, pl. 26.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

263

Inventory Number: 80.AQ.46.7

Dimensions: L: 10.5 cm; W: 6.6 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR7/2 light gray, glaze 7.5YR4/4 dark brown.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a. Filling-hole on left side of discus. Nozzle with simplified shoulder-volutes. Base marked off by one circular groove. Illegible potter’s incuse signature.

Discus Iconography: Nude Venus crouching to left, busy at her toilet, holding a shell; behind her at right, a spiraled column with tilted jug on top.

Type: Loeschcke V; Bailey C group iv

Date: Flavian to Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Tunisia

Parallels: Ponsich 1961, no. 124, pl. 12; Belchior 1969, pl. 11.2; Bussière 2000, no. 458, pl. 40 (GABINIA), decor I.a.8.(2) (further parallels given); Bochum Museum, Schüller Collection, cat. no. 124, S 663 (Tunisia).

Provenance: – 1980, William L. Eagleton, Jr., American, 1926–2011, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1980.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

Discussion: The figure of Venus on the discus is based on a famous third-century B.C. statue ascribed to Doidalsas, Crouching Venus, frequently copied (LIMC 2.2, p. 103, no. 1037, s.v. Aphrodite).

264

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.438.405

Dimensions: L: 13.3 cm; W: 8.2 cm; H: 3.2 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR5/1 gray, glaze 7.5YR2/0 black and shiny.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part; center space marked by transverse notches. Filling-hole in right field. Air hole on top of nozzle. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VI b; globules on either side of handle base look like rivets, of an unfamiliar shape. Nozzle with simplified shoulder-volutes. Slightly raised base-ring.

Discus Iconography: Erotic scene (fellatio): woman seated on chair at left, facing man seated at right; water-jug behind him; groundline.

Type: Loeschcke V; Bailey C group iv

Date: Flavian to Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Italy, as given by Schüller, who adds in parenthesis (Greece?), as if he did not remember

Parallels: (Identical) Wilmet 2003, p. 247, FM 260, fig. 10. Same theme treated differently: Oziol 1977, no. 401, pl. 21; Clarke 1998, p. 221, fig. 92 (Pompeii); Rodríguez Martín 2002, no. 199, pl. 38.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

Discussion: The pristine quality of the metallic glaze together with the theme might raise suspicion about authenticity. However, the glaze is not modern overpaint, and in our opinion the lamp is not a fake.

265

Inventory Number: 81.AQ.38.4

Dimensions: L: 12.7 cm; W: 7.6 cm; H: 3.2 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR6/4 light reddish brown, glaze 2.5YR5/6 red (a few traces under much incrustation).

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with one groove on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VIII b, with sinuous floral pattern; tendrils and leaves on right shoulder; tendrils, four leaves, and one fruit on left shoulder. Filling-hole lower left. Long nozzle with shoulder-volutes and ogival tip; unpierced air hole at top of nozzle. Raised base-ring marked off by two grooves.

Discus Iconography: Two wading birds to right; the one at right lying, the other standing on groundline.

Type: Loeschcke V; Bailey C group v

Date: Neronian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Tunisia

Parallels: Haken 1958, no. 49, pl. 4.

Provenance: – 1981, William L. Eagleton, Jr., American, 1926–2011, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1981.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

III.A.b.6 Deneauve type IV E

Deneauve type IV E derives from an older Hellenistic type, Deneauve type XIII, produced in Carthage, which already frequently bears the Tanit sign, as type IV E does. As a survival of its Hellenistic antecedent, type IV E maintains a cylindrical body, large circular discus marked off by one groove, left side-lug, and sometimes two small holes near the lower part of the discus (cf. Deneauve 1969, lamp no. 374, pl. 43, to lamp no. 230, pl. 31). But the tip of the nozzle, no longer rounded or anvil-shaped, is splayed and has an obtuse angle as on Loeschcke type I lamps. The nozzle top of cat. 266 is plain except for the Tanit sign. On several lamps of this type one can see the preliminary suggestion of volutes in a slight relief marked off by curved grooves (Deneauve 1969, nos. 374–402, pls. 43–44). This feature appears also on lamps of type Dressel/Ricci 3 A, whose production began at about the same time as Deneauve type IV E (see as an example cat. 73). It announces the volute-nozzle of Loeschcke type I soon to come. Another feature shared by the two types is the pronounced relief of the discus decor (see Pavolini 1990, p. 106, fig. 2.8, or no. 272, pl. 34).

According to Deneauve, the type appeared ca. 50/40 B.C. and did not last long. Its production seems to have been limited exclusively to Carthage.

266

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.147

Dimensions: L: 9.8 cm; W: 6.2 cm; H: 3.0 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay between 5YR7/3 pink and 5YR6/3 light reddish brown, same color slip.

Description: Moldmade. Body with sloping sides. Large unpierced angular lug on lower left side. Narrow shoulder separated by a groove from the broad slightly depressed discus. Filling-hole lower right. Substantial triangular-tipped nozzle with beveled sides; Tanit sign in relief on flat nozzle top. Base-ring marked off by one inside groove.

Discus Iconography: Oenochoë flanked by pomegranate, pinecone, and two other round fruits in pronounced relief.

Type: Deneauve IV E

Date: Ca. 44 B.C. or shortly later

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Tunisia

Parallels: (Close) Deneauve 1969, no. 400, pl. 44.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

Discussion: The Punic emblem called “the sign of Tanit,” as well as the discus decor, which is common on Punic stelae, confirm the lamp’s Tunisian origin.

III.A.b.7 Deneauve type V E

This form is a variant of Deneauve type V, itself corresponding to Loeschcke type V. This variant seems to be rare: it is absent in the typology of Bisi Ingrassia 1977 (lamps from Herculaneum), as well as in Pavolini’s typology of 1977 (lamps in the Museo Archeologico Nazionale, Naples). Apart from Deneauve’s lamp no. 637 (Deneauve 1969, pl. 14), we do not know any parallel to cat. 267. The two close parallels referred to by Deneauve (Perlzweig 1961, no. 80; and Menzel 1969, no. 244, fig. 20) both have a handle; moreover they do not have a V-shaped channel in front of the nozzle. This channel and the absence of a handle, which are characteristics of an early date in Loeschcke type I A, suggest for this variant a date at the very beginning of the Loeschcke type V production, ca. mid-first century A.D.

267

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.67

Dimensions: L: 9.2 cm; W: 8.0 cm; H: 2.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay near 10YR6/2 light brownish gray, glaze between 10YR5/2 grayish brown and 10YR4/2 dark grayish brown; burned(?).

Description: Moldmade. Body with sloping sides. Shoulder: Loeschcke form V interrupted by short V-shaped channel in front of nozzle. Swallow-tailed ear handle on each side. Central filling-hole. Air hole in channel. Rounded nozzle with shoulder-volutes. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Deneauve V E

Date: Ca. mid-first century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Southern Anatolia

Parallels: Deneauve 1969, no. 637, pl. 14.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

III.A.b.8 Deneauve type V F variant; Bussière type C V 2 (first series)

This form is a later variant derived from Deneauve type V F = Bisi Ingrassia type VIII E, dated to the second half of the first century A.D. Just like those two types, this variant has an elongated oval body and wide rounded shoulders curving into the nozzle in a manner reminiscent of the shoulder-volutes of lamps of Loeschcke type V; the shoulders leave a shallow channel between the discus and the wick-hole. But the discus of the variant is plain and no longer decorated with an oval egg-shaped ridge. The variant represented by cat. 268 is identical to Bussière’s Algerian lamp no. 729 (Bussière 2000, p. 276, no. 729, pl. 48), which belongs to the first series of Bussière type C V 2 and is signed CTESO, an African workshop active during the first half of the second century A.D. Besides Algerian lamp no. 729, CTESO’s signature appears on another Algerian lamp of the same shape but belonging to the second series, that is, with decorated shoulders (Bussière 2000, p. 276, no. 735, pl. 48), and on three additional Algerian lamps of Loeschcke type VIII (Bussière 2000, pp. 317, 329, 332, nos. 2200, 2541, 2639, pls. 61 and 68). The date of this type, including all series, covers a long span of time in the second and third centuries A.D. But the first series, to which the Getty lamp belongs, can be dated earlier, that is, to the first half of the second century A.D., thanks to the CTESO signature on Algerian lamp no. 735.

268

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.297

Dimensions: L: 11.4 cm; W: 6.7 cm; H: 2.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR7/4 pink, mottled glaze 2.5YR5/6 red.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Elongated oval body. Groove partly surrounding oval concave discus, continuing to nozzle, interrupted by a very narrow channel linking the discus to the flat wick-hole area. Lower parts of plain shoulder progressively meld into the nozzle. Central filling-hole. Ogival-shaped nozzle. Raised pear-shaped base defined by single groove. Potter’s incuse signature: CMEPO.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Deneauve V F var.; Bussière C V 2 first series

Date: First half of second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: (Identical) Bussière 2000, p. 276, no. 729, pl. 48; (close) Deneauve 1969, no. 638, pl. 64, his earlier type V F; (close) lamps of Bussière type C V 2, second to fifth series with decorated shoulders: Fabbricotti 1974; Lerat 1954, no. 137 (IVNI.ALEXI); Bailey BM II, Q 1116, pl. 42; Bussière 2000, no. 735, pl. 48, signed CTESO.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

III.A.b.9 Deneauve type V G

Lamps of this type have a circular body with a short nozzle, usually rounded, occasionally angular at the tip. Most examples have a handle. The shoulder may have flat early Loeschcke forms III a or b, or IV a, but the rounded and later form VII b is more frequent. A short V-shaped channel separates the discus from the nozzle. At its junction with the nozzle, the shoulder is cut slantwise and the wick-hole area is on a lower level. Another characteristic of the type is the presence of a bow-shaped lug handle (also called “ear”) on each side of the body. All lamps have a flat base marked off by a circular groove.

The type, created in Italy (fourteen examples of the type are in the Museo Archeologico Nazionale, Naples; see Pavolini 1977), is widely distributed in the Mediterranean, either as exported Italic examples or as locally made products (well illustrated in Asia Minor, Athens, Spain, and Africa). The type was first produced in the middle of the first century A.D., as attested by two examples signed in planta pedis by the Italian workshop CCLOD[ivs] and found in a shipwreck in the Balearic Islands dated between A.D. 40 and 50 from its pottery and a coin (see Domergue 1966, nos. 60, 65, pl. 7, and the controversial discussion about this wreck in Bailey BM II, p. 93). Three other workshops, LVC, MYRO, and CAN, also signing their names in planta pedis, produced lamps of this type (De Caro 1974, no. 20, pl. 5; Bailey BM II, Q 1094–Q 1095; Bussière 2000, no. 703, found in a tomb in Tipasa dated by Hayes to A.D. 60/70 from its abundant ceramic material).

A lamp of this type, no. 707 in Bussière 2000, is worth mentioning: made by a further workshop that signed with a plain planta pedis flanked by the letters A and P, the lamp was found in a tomb in Tipasa associated with a bronze coin of Galba in excellent condition. The various lamp workshops here mentioned were active from Neronian until Late Flavian times. Several other ateliers signing in nomen or tria nomina, active between Late Flavian and Hadrianic times—in some cases even to Early Antonine—have produced lamps of this type in their early phase of activity. See, for examples, Bussière 2000, no. 702 (MVNSVC), nos. 712–14 (GABINIA), no. 715 (COPPIRES), and no. 716 (LMVNSVC); Loeschcke, Willers, and Niessen 1911, no. 1883 (OPPI); and Heres 1972, no. 549 (CATILVEST). From the little available chronological data, Bailey attributes Deneauve type V G to a time from Late Claudian to Trajanic.

Of the three Getty examples, cat. 269 has a shoulder of Loeschcke form IV b, while cats. 270 and 271 have the later form VII b. Cat. 269 most likely comes from Asia Minor, due to its deep body and sloping sides, its buff clay, and its bright red orange glaze. Cat. 270 was purchased in Greece. Cat. 271 presumably comes from Tunisia, due to its similarity to lamp no. 122 from Raqqada; both lamps have the same light clay and dark brown, nearly black slip (Ennabli, Salomonson, and Mahjoubi 1973, no. 122, pp. 89 and 117).

269

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.262

Dimensions: L: 8.7 cm; W: 6.5 cm, (with ears) 8.3 cm; H: 2.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Thin crack on base and upper half of discus, close to shoulder. Clay near 2.5YR6/6 light red, glaze mostly 10R5/8 red, with some darker spots.

Description: Moldmade. Bow-shaped ear handle on each side of body; each bow has small circles in its outer section and a larger sunken semicircular area in its center. Deep body with sloping sides. Shoulder: Loeschcke form IV b. Concave discus with central filling-hole. Small air hole at entrance of short V-shaped channel in front of nozzle. Both left and right shoulders show slanted cut at junction with rounded nozzle, wick-hole being lower. Flat base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Deneauve V G; Bailey G

Date: Late Claudian to Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: Domergue 1966, nos. 60 and 65, pl. 7 (C.CLOD in planta pedis); Deneauve 1969, no. 639, pl. 64 (with a discus decor, signed GABINIA), and nos. 640–42 (L.MADIEC); Bonghi Jovino 1984, no. 7.CE 2311, pl. 133 (Pompeii); Menzel 1969, fig. 19, no. 239; Bussière 2000, no. 699, pl. 47 (Portus Magnus), nos. 700–701 (Tebessa), no. 702 (Tebessa, signed MVNSVC), no. 703 (CAN in planta pedis), no. 704 (unknown place of manufacture or origin), and no. 705 (Cherchell); Rivet 2003, p. 156, no. 289 (Fos, with planta pedis); Casas Genover and Soler Fusté 2006, no. G 762, pl. 44; (close) Oziol 1993, no. 74, fig. 11; Bémont and Chew 2007, pp. 189, 446, pl. 21, IT 49.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

270

Inventory Number: 81.AQ.112.3

Dimensions: L: 9.3 cm; W: 8.7 cm; H: 2.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Thin cracks on discus. Clay 10YR7/2 light gray, glaze varying from 10YR5/2 grayish brown to 2.5YR4/4 reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Bow-shaped ear handle on each side of body. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII b. Concave discus with central filling-hole. Short narrow channel facing nozzle. Shoulder continues on to nozzle area, ending with a slanted cut; burn marks. Circular base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Deneauve V G; Bailey G

Date: Late Claudian to Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Greece

Parallels: Fernández Chicarro 1956, nos. 11–12, fig. 45; Kricheldorf 1962, no. 9, no. 10 (LMAD), and no. 11 (LMVNSVC), pl. 1; Domergue 1966, nos. 60, 65 (C.CLOD in planta pedis), pl. 7; Deneauve 1969, no. 639 (GABINIA), nos. 640–41, and no. 642 (L.MADIEC), pl. 64; Menzel 1969, p. 46, no. 239, fig. 19.3; Gualandi Genito 1977, nos. 291–92, pl. 40; Bourgeois 1980, no. D. V/10, pl. 1; Hayes 1980, no. 220; Bailey BM II, Q 1094, pl. 38; Hellmann 1987, nos. 162–63; Bussière 2000, no. 699, pl. 47 (Portus Magnus), nos. 700–702 (Tebessa), (MVNSVC), no. 703 (CAN in planta pedis), no. 704 (Musée de Constantine), and no. 705 (Cherchell); Casas Genover and Soler Fusté 2006, nos. G 760–G 764, pl. 44; Bémont and Chew 2007, pp. 189, 446, pl. 21, IT 49; Bussière and Rivel 2012, no. 128.

Provenance: – 1981, Robert L. Lawson, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1981.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

271

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.252

Dimensions: L: 10.0 cm; W: 7.5 cm; H: 2.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR7/3 very pale brown, glaze 10YR4/3 dark brown.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Bow-shaped ear handle on each side of body. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII b. Concave discus with central filling-hole. Short narrow channel facing nozzle; small air hole at its top. Shoulders slant down at junction with rounded flat nozzle marked off by being lower than shoulders. Circular base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s signature: L.MVNSVC.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Deneauve V G; Bailey G

Date: Late Claudian to Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Deneauve 1969, no. 643, pl. 64 (signed GABI); Szentléleky 1969, no. 44; Menzel 1969, p. 243, no. 243, fig. 19 (from Ephesus); Bailey BM II, Q 1094, pl. 38; Portulano 1996, figs. 15 and 42; Bussière 2000, no. 706, pl. 47 (plain planta pedis and initials A P), no. 707 (COR), no. 708 (A O); no. 711, nos. 712–14 (GABINIA), no. 715 (COPPIRES), and no. 716 (LMVNSVC).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

III.A.b.10 Deneauve type VI A

Lamps of this type have a flat-topped oval body. The nozzle is not distinct from the body but is the prolongation of its tapering lower end. Some examples have a handle, most do not. A broad flat shoulder, either plain or decorated (often with ovolos, or with small relief designs), encircles a rather small concave plain discus, which is itself surrounded by a ring marked off by two circular grooves. Facing the nozzle, this ring may be interrupted by a small channel, whose length can vary considerably (cf. four examples of Deneauve 1969, nos. 691–94, pl. 67). On cat. 272 we may suppose that the vertical groove between the ring and the short horizontal groove flanked by two small dots is reminiscent of this channel.

The flat oval base of lamps of Deneauve type VI A may have a workshop signature in planta pedis, as cat. 272 does, or in tria nomina: BASSA (Deneauve 1969, no. 691, from Carthage); C.CLOSVC (Deneauve 1969, no. 694, from Carthage); C.OPPI.RES (Bailey BM II, Q 1109); CLODIA (Brussels inv. no. R.614, quoted by Bailey BM II, p. 244); or COLOAVIX (Bussière 2000, no. 727, pl. 48, from Tebessa). Taking into account the small number of signatures of these workshops, the type seems to have had a limited production outside Italy, where its presence is well attested in Pompeii (Pavolini 1977, p. 37: “80 lucerne [nei magazzini di Pompei] sono riferibili al tipo Deneauve VI A”). Its date can, following Bailey, be assigned to the Flavian to Early Trajanic period, although a few examples with signatures in planta pedis might have been produced in Neronian times.

272

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.295

Dimensions: L: 10.2 cm; W: 6.6 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR7/3 pink, thin worn glaze 2.5YR6/2 pale red.

Description: Moldmade. Oval pear-shaped body with flat top. Flat shoulder, separated from concave discus by circular ridge marked off by two grooves (near Loeschcke form IV a). Central filling-hole. Long tapering flat-topped nozzle with rounded tip. Shoulder and nozzle top are on the same level. Vertical groove from discus edge toward nozzle, ending at short horizontal groove with a small dot at each end. Flat ovoid base. Inscribed planta pedis: LVC.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Deneauve VI A; Bailey J

Date: Flavian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: Goldman et al. 1950, no. 140, fig. 98 (Tarsus); Haken 1958, no. 87, pl. 12; Bailey BM II, Q 1109, pl. 41 (C.OPPI.RES), and Q 1110 (OPPI[?]) (with further refs.); Gualandi Genito 1977, nos. 298–99, pls. 40–41 (both signed OPPI); Fabbricotti 1980, p. 233, no. 17, fig. 4; (close) Gualandi Genito 1986, p. 196, no. 49 (with transverse handle); Bussière 2000, no. 727, pl. 48 (COLCAVI[?]).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

III.A.b.11 Deneauve type VI B

Lamps of this type are characterized by an oval shape. The few examples recorded all have a ring handle and a shoulder Loeschcke form IV a. The nozzle is reduced to a wick-hole placed at the lower extremity of the oval body. The common discus decor is a scallop shell, as on cat. 274; however, a few are related to mythology: Victory (Bémont and Chew 2007, p. 446, pl. 21, IT 47), Venus lying on a shell (Deneauve 1969, no. 295), or Cupid (cat. 273). The flat oval base is in some cases marked off by two grooves. The type was developed in Italy, but a local production is attested in Lugdunum (Lyon), where four identical examples were produced by the La Butte workshop (Elaigne 1993, p. 243; Hanotte 2005, p. 153); a fifth example, likewise found in Lyon, may come from the same workshop (Bémont and Chew 2007, p. 271, no. GA 178, pl. 51). The known examples of the type belong to two groups according to size: a bigger one with an average length of 12–13 cm and a smaller one, 6–8 cm. The Lyon local production (La Butte) belongs to the second group. The type is dated to the second half of first century A.D.

273

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.117

Dimensions: L: 8.9 cm; W: 4.9 cm; H: 2.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Chipped between air hole and wick-hole. Clay 5YR6/3 light reddish brown, glaze 7.5YR5/4 brown, with darker areas.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part and one on lower. Oval body with sloping sides. Shoulder: Loeschcke form IV a. Filling-hole in left middle of discus. No separate nozzle; wick-hole included within pointed end of oval body. Almond-shaped base-ring marked off by two grooves.

Discus Iconography: In pronounced relief, nude standing Cupid in three-quarter view to left, arms crossed.

Type: Deneauve VI B

Date: Second half of first century A.D. (Deneauve; Bailey)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: None found. Same shape with different discus decors: Deneauve 1969, no. 695, pl. 67 (Venus in a shell), and no. 696 (shell); Bémont and Chew 2007, pp. 188, 446, pl. 21, IT 47 (Victory standing on a globe holding a palm branch and a crown).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

274

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.438.263

Dimensions: L: 10.0 cm; W: 5.1 cm; H: 2.1 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact; partly overpainted. Clay 7.5YR6/2 pinkish gray, glaze mostly 2.5YR5/4 reddish brown, with a few darker parts being 2.5YR3/0 very dark gray.

Description: Moldmade. Solid handle with two grooves on upper part. Oval body with sloping sides. Shoulder: Loeschcke form IV a. Filling-hole lower right. No projecting nozzle; wick-hole at extremity of oval body. Blurred oval base-ring.

Discus Iconography: Scalloped shell.

Type: Deneauve VI B

Date: Second half of first century A.D. (Deneauve; Bailey)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: (Close) Deneauve 1969, no. 696, pl. 67; Farka 1977, p. 326, no. 1460, pl. 57; Bailey BM II, Q 1117, pl. 42; Bailey BM III, Q 1117 bis, pl. 155; Williams 1981, no. 119, pl. 5; Cologne Museum, inv. no. W 191; Elaigne 1993, no. 12, fig. 2, and three more similar examples; Hanotte 2005, no. 72, pl. 65, fig. 8; Bémont and Chew 2007, pp. 188, 446, pl. 21, IT 48; and pp. 271, 476, pl. 51, GA 178.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

III.A.b.12 Bailey type F

Lamps of this type are scarce and characterized by their deep body, deeply sunken flat-bottomed discus, steeply sloping walls, and broad-based single nozzle. It appears four times only in BM II. Bailey states having found only one published parallel. Since then two lamp catalogues have recorded one example each: Goethert-Polaschek 1985, no. 695, pl. 74; and Fitch and Goldman 1994, p. 184, no. 984, fig. 102. There are no examples in Deneauve 1969 or Bussière 2000. The date, according to Bailey, is the last years of the first century B.C. and the first third of the first century A.D.

275

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.265

Dimensions: L: 9.1 cm; W: 7.7 cm; H: 3.1 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, glaze mostly 2.5YR5/8 red.

Description: Moldmade. Deep body. Shoulder: Loeschcke form II a. Inward-sloping striated band surrounding flat discus floor; between band and shoulder is a circular ridge marked off by two grooves. Central filling-hole. Small air hole in lower discus, facing nozzle. Small round-tipped triangular nozzle surrounded by slightly raised edge, ending in volutes with conspicuous knobs. Flat circular base.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Bailey F

Date: Augustan to Tiberian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: (Close) Bailey BM II, Q 1090, pl. 38; Goethert-Polaschek 1985, no. 695, pl. 74; Fitch and Goldman 1994, p. 184, no. 984, fig. 102 (Cosa).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

III.A.b.13 Loeschcke type VII variant and VI/VII variant

Exact parallels to cats. 276 and 277 have not been found. With its small size, egg-shaped sturdy ring handle, ribbed top, and peculiar nozzle, cat. 276 is a variant of Loeschcke type VII. It is closer to Goethert’s lamp no. 619 (Goethert-Polaschek 1985, pl. 68) than to Loeschcke’s lamps nos. 649–50, whose filling-hole is surrounded by a ridge (Loeschcke 1919, pl. 1). Nevertheless Goethert classifies her lamp no. 619 as Loeschcke type VII, not as its variant.

Cat. 277 is characterized by its small size, egg shape, and, most of all, its peculiar nozzle flanked by two very small side knobs reminiscent of volute-knobs of earlier types. It can thus be classified under the mixed form derived from Loeschcke type VI/VII and identified by Goethert as “eiförmige Henkellämpchen mit Volutenknöpfen” (Goethert-Polaschek 1985, p. 147). In fact, its transverse ring handle does not appear on the Trier examples, but transverse handles were in favor on late Vogelkopflampen (Bailey type M). This latter type was produced between Late Flavian and Hadrianic times, a period corresponding roughly to the chronology attributed by Goethert to Loeschcke type VI/VII.

Neither Loeschcke type VI nor type VII, of which the two Getty lamps are variants, was ever very popular. These two forms, represented by a small number of lamps, seem to be unknown in Italy. Loeschcke considered his type VI a purely Gallic artifact (Leibundgut 1977, p. 34). Both types are distributed in Germania and Gallia (Rhone Valley), with very few examples found elsewhere.

276

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.426

Dimensions: L: 6.8 cm; W: 3.5 cm; H: 2.2 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR8/3 very pale brown, unevenly preserved glaze 10YR5/2 grayish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle. Small egg-shaped body. No specific shoulder or discus: the entire flat top of the lamp is decorated with several obliquely placed straight thin grooves and four rows of very small dots. Central filling-hole. Air hole above wick-hole. Oval flat base delimited by a groove whose two ends prolong themselves underneath the nozzle. Incised potter’s mark: RV.VSI(?).

Discus Iconography: Plain discus (but see description above).

Type: Loeschcke VII (eiförmige Henkellämpchen)

Date: Second third of first century A.D. (Loeschcke, Vindonissa). Second half of first century to early second century A.D. (Goethert, Trier)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Cologne (Germany)

Parallels: Loeschcke 1919, nos. 649–50, pl. 1; Goethert-Polaschek 1985, nos. 619–20, pl. 68; Hübinger 1993, no. 177, pl. 23.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

277

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.429

Dimensions: L: 6.1 cm; W: 4.0 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Handle chipped. Clay 5YR7/2 pinkish gray, glaze 5YR6/6 reddish yellow.

Description: Moldmade. Transverse ring handle with median groove. Small egg-shaped body. Rounded shoulder not clearly delineated, with a row of dotted circles. Slightly depressed plain top with filling-hole and air hole. Hardly visible swelling on each side of nozzle area reminiscent of volute-knobs in Loeschcke type VI (Volutenknöpfen). Oval plain flat base.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Loeschcke VI/VII, as identified by Goethert-Polaschek (1985), p. 147

Date: Second half of first into early second century A.D. (Goethert-Polaschek)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Cologne (Germany)

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

III.A.b.14 Loeschcke type VIII

Characterized by a circular body and short rounded nozzle, Loeschcke type VIII, whose early examples go back to Claudian times, experienced a tremendous floruit at the end of the first century A.D. and during the two next centuries. It continued to exist on a diminished scale through the fourth century and occasionally in the fifth. Spread all over the Roman Empire, the type was seriously challenged only by Loeschcke types IX and X (Firmalampen), in northern Italy and in the northern and central European provinces. During such a long time span numerous variants evolved, hence a certain difficulty in organizing their classification. To give just a few examples among the many typologies existing, Provoost’s type 3, which groups the lamps here considered, is divided into six variants, which are in turn divided into ten subvariants; in Heres’ catalogue the type comprises six subtypes; in Bisi’s, ten; Bailey distinguishes four types (O, P, Q, R), each respectively subdivided into six, three, ten, and one groups. To classify these numerous variants, often close to one another, selecting merely the shape of the nozzle as the major criterion does not always prove sufficient. Different data must be taken into account, such as the thickness of the clay, the quality of the glaze, the presence or absence of a handle and of a specific decor on the shoulder, the depth of the basin, or the size of the lamp. Neglecting these secondary criteria, some lychnologists long inappropriately attributed to Loeschcke type I African lamps with a triangular volute-nozzle (Deneauve type X), dated to the second–third century A.D. In reality, Loeschcke type I had by then long ceased to exist (see, e.g., Ponsich 1961, no. 33, pl. 5). Bailey’s classification of Loeschcke type VIII lamps deals only with objects made in Italy. No surprise then that some shapes encountered among the African Getty lamps of Loeschcke type VIII are absent in the British Museum. We will therefore refer most of the time to Bussière’s typology, worked out for his catalogue of Algerian lamps, and refer to Bailey only when needed. Bussière’s classification of rounded nozzle shapes will also be used (see fig. 3). When the name Bussière is spelled out, it precedes a lamp form (e.g., Bussière form D I); when it is abbreviated it stands for the nozzle form only (e.g., Bus. 2a).

Getty lamps belonging to Loeschcke type VIII are presented in two groups: I) with round-tipped nozzle, and II) with heart-shaped nozzle. We have thought it more practical and useful for the reader to present in two separate categories the lamps with an Italic and/or African place of manufacture or origin and those with an eastern Mediterranean origin. By the latter we mean lamps from Greece and the Aegean islands, the Black Sea area, Asia Minor, the Levant, Cyprus, Egypt, and Cyrenaica. While information about place of manufacture or origin is sometimes missing, the following criteria enable us to identify a presumed eastern Mediterranean place of manufacture or origin: 1) globules on shoulder and nozzle; 2) impressed circles on shoulder and nozzle; 3) depth of basin; 4) planta pedis; and 5) the color of the clay and the presence of mica. Let us consider those criteria separately:

1. Globules: several eastern lamps are characterized by a plain rounded shoulder with four or five beads placed around the shoulder, one on each side of the handle, and two or three in the shoulder space close to the nozzle. These globules can be in pronounced relief (e.g., cats. 413, 416–17, 435), or half sunk within a small circle (e.g., cats. 407, 411–12). This particular decorative feature is never found on Roman African lamps of Loeschcke type VIII. It apparently occurs only rarely on Italian examples (e.g., Walters 1914, no. 1114, a heart-shaped nozzle lamp from Pozzuoli). On the other hand, in Asia Minor and particularly in Egypt, globules are frequent on lamps of Loeschcke type VIII and even on lamps of other types. See for examples: Hellmann 1985, p. 49, no. 49, “Les trois gros points ou clous sont fréquents à la base du bec dans les ateliers égyptiens du IIIe s.”; Osborne 1924, no. 54; Shier 1978, pp. 36–37 (Egypt); Fabbricotti 1992, pl. LVII, nos. 1–2 , 7–8 (Egypt); Breccia 1926, Musée d’Alexandrie pl. 39.1 (Egypt); Cahn-Klaiber 1977, nos. 324–27, pl. 34, and no. 331, pl. 35 (Egypt); Israeli and Avida 1988, p. 31, no. 37, with a discus showing a bust of Serapis (Egypt); Walters 1914, no. 1183, fig. 250 (Fayum); Rosenthal and Sivan 1978, p. 45, no. 180 (Egypt); Bailey BM III, Q 2033, pl. 42 (Egypt), Q 2042–Q 2049, pl. 43 (Egypt), and Q 3080, pl. 103 (Ephesus); Miltner 1937, nos. 122 and 124, pl. 12 (Ephesus); Sussman 1994, no. 22, pl. 30; Vessberg 1953, no. 6, pl. 3; Vessberg and Westholm 1956, p. 124, no. 6, fig. 39 (Cyprus); Menzel 1969, nos. 312–13, fig. 46.20 (Sakkara).

2. Impressed circles: some lamps have several small impressed circles on the shoulder (e.g., cats. 334, 407). These circles appear at the foot of the handle, at midshoulder, or at the nozzle top. There can also be two or three of them between the wick-hole and the discus. Such a combination is not found on Italian or African examples, but is typically eastern Mediterranean. In some cases the same eastern lamp may bear on its shoulder both small impressed circles and globules (e.g., cat. 409). On Italian and African Loeschcke type VIII lamps, only two impressed dots, not small impressed circles, usually decorate the nozzle top, either alone or flanking the horizontal groove above the wick-hole.

3. Basin depth: another criterion to help determine the eastern origin of a lamp is the pronounced depth and the rounded profile of its basin (e.g., cats. 330, 332, 436). Unfortunately, catalogues do not always give the profiles of lamps. But after multiple comparisons, when the height of the lamps is consistently given, we can state that the basin of an eastern Mediterranean lamp is usually a third deeper than an African lamp of similar type.

4. Planta pedis: This workshop mark may occur on African Loeschcke type VIII lamps, but on early examples only (first century A.D.). It is exceptional in the second century, when the tria nomina indicating the lampmaker’s names is the signature par excellence. On the other hand, the planta pedis occurs much more frequently on eastern Mediterranean lamps of Loeschcke type VIII dated to the second century; in such cases the footprints are always plain, without lettering (e.g., cats. 407, 409–10, 414). Some very large and deeply impressed examples seem even to be specific to certain Asia Minor production sites, Ephesus and Sardis especially, on late lamps of the fifth and sixth centuries A.D. (e.g., cats. 528, 532–33, 537) (see Poulou-Papadimitriou 1986, pp. 587–88, fig. 20) (Samos); Bailey BM III, Q 3104–Q 3116, Q 3122–Q 3125, Q 3129–Q 3134, Q 3143–Q 3147, Q 3174–Q 3186 (Ephesus), Q 3212–Q 3213, Q 3218 (Sardis). Such large plain footprints are totally absent on African lamps of the same period.

5. Color of clay and mica: The surface color and the presence of small particles of gold or silver mica sometimes help to pinpoint a lamp’s origin. Eastern lamps on average seem to have darker and more vivid surface colors (dark browns, vivid oranges, and reds) than their Italic and African counterparts, which are usually covered by a less even and hard glaze or slip and show a broader variety of often lighter tints.

Of the clay lamps in the Getty collection, sixty-four show mica. Hellenistic lamps: cats. 9, 21, 25, 28, 33–34, 36, 38–42, 48–51, 57–58, and 61–64; Roman lamps of various Loeschcke types, Broneer type XXIX, a few unusual forms, lampstands and figurine-lamps: cats. 108, 117, 118, 147, 154, 164, 239–40, 242, 247, 280, 294, 301, 333–34, 349, 352, 406, 412, 416, 423, 429, 430, 435, 457, 467, 472, 488, 510, 517, 524, 526–27, 529, 531, 541, 583, 592, 596-97, 610. Only one lamp of African place of manufacture or origin, cat. 294, shows some mica. All the others with mica have an eastern place of manufacture or origin. This mica usually consists of tiny silvery particles; in sixteen cases it is a golden powder.

Nozzle forms encountered in Loeschcke type VIII lamps:

Fig. 3. Nozzle forms Bus. 1–Bus. 11. Drawing by Jean Bussière. From Bussière 2000, figs. 44 and 44 bis, by permission of Éditions Monique Mergoil.

278

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.391.11

Dimensions: L: 8.3 cm; W: 6.6 cm; H: 2.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: Upper part of shoulder and base restored. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, glaze 5YR3/1 very dark gray.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII b. Central filling-hole. Nozzle form Bus. 3. Blurred base marked off by one circular groove. Illegible workshop signature.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D I 3

Date: Trajanic(?)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Italy

Parallels: Bussière 2000, no. 1079, pl. 52.

Provenance: – 1983, Robert L. Lawson, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

279

Inventory Number: 81.AQ.112.10

Dimensions: L: 8.1 cm; W: 6.0 cm; H: 2.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Wick-hole slightly chipped. Clay 5YR7/4 pink, scant traces of glaze 2.5YR6/4 light reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with three grooves on upper part. Shoulder separated from discus by circular ridge marked off by several grooves. Filling-hole in lower field. Nozzle form Bus. 3. Base-ring marked with two circular grooves, area within slightly sunken.

Discus Iconography: Pegasus to right on groundline.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D I 3

Date: Second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Italy

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: – 1981, Robert L. Lawson, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1981.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

280

Inventory Number: 81.AQ.112.11

Dimensions: L: 8.0 cm; W: 5.2 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Crack on right side of discus; burn marks on nozzle; tip restored. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, scant remains of slip 10YR6/4 light brown. Mica.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII b. Filling-hole and air hole in lower discus. Nozzle form Bus. 3. Blurred base-ring marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Winged Cupid moving to right, holding a shell in his left hand and an alabastron in his right.

Type: Loeschcke type VIII; Bussière form D I 3

Date: Second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Italy

Parallels: Brants 1913, no. 392, pl. 4 (Loeschcke V); Iványi 1935, no. 8, pl. 4 (Loeschcke I); Oziol 1977, nos. 422–24, pl. 23 (Loeschcke IV); Goethert-Polaschek 1985, no. 243, pl. 23 (Loeschcke I), and nos. 404–5, pl. 50 (Loeschcke IV); Rivet 2003, p. 144, no. 183 (fr.); Bémont and Chew 2007, pp. 229, 456, pl. 31, GA 1 and GA 2 (Loeschcke I); cat. 281.

Provenance: – 1981, Robert L. Lawson, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1981.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

281

Inventory Number: 81.AQ.112.12

Dimensions: L: 7.8 cm; W: 5.2 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR7/4 pink, scant mottled remains of glaze between 10YR5/2 grayish brown and 10YR4/1 dark gray.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part and one on lower. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII b. Filling-hole and air hole of same size in lower discus. Nozzle form Bus. 3. Blurred base-ring marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Winged Cupid moving to right, holding a shell in his left hand and an alabastron in his right.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D I 3

Date: Second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Italy

Parallels: Loeschcke 1919, no. 22, pl. 5 (Loeschcke I); Bussière 2000, no. 1880, pl. 55, decor I.b.1.(6) (with further refs.); cat. 280.

Provenance: – 1981, Robert L. Lawson, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1981.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

282

Inventory Number: 81.AQ.112.5

Dimensions: L: 8.4 cm; W: 5.6 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, worn glaze mostly 2.5YR5/4 reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII b. Filling-hole in lower field. Nozzle form Bus. 3. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Dove with raised wings perched to right on a myrtle bough, pecking at a fruit.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D I 3

Date: Second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Italy

Parallels: (Close) Deneauve 1969, nos. 522–23, pl. 53; see Bussière 2000, p. 205, decor III.b.6.(2) (with further refs.).

Provenance: – 1981, Robert L. Lawson, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1981.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

283

Inventory Number: 80.AQ.46.1

Dimensions: L: 9.8 cm; W: 6.7 cm, H: 2.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, glaze 10R5/6 red.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII b. Filling-hole in left part. Nozzle form Bus. 4a. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: CLO.HELI, Italic workshop A.D. 80–150; under the signature is an incuse mark in the shape of a tilted letter S.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Male head in high relief, flat nose, bushy hair (satyr[?]).

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D II 1

Date: Late Flavian to Early Antonine

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Tunisia

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: – 1980, William L. Eagleton, Jr., American, 1926–2011, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1980.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

284

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.391.6

Dimensions: L: 11.0 cm; W: 8.1 cm; H: 3.1 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR8/4 pink, mottled glaze between 7.5YR4/2 dark brown and 10R5/8 red.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a. Central filling-hole. Nozzle form Bus. 4a. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: COPPIRES, Italic workshop probably with African branches, active A.D. 80–160.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D II 1

Date: Late Flavian to Early Antonine

Place of Manufacture or Origin: El Djem (Tunisia)

Parallels: Kricheldorf 1962, nos. 166 (CCLOSVC) and 164 (COPPIRES), pl. 20; Deneauve 1969, nos. 809–18, pl. 65; Defives and Gernez 1971, p. 101 (MNOVIVST), Musée de St. Omer (Tunisia), and p. 102 (FEDISEC), Musée de Douai (Tebessa); Heres 1972, no. 299, pl. 35; Bisi Ingrassia 1977, pl. 47.5; Sapelli 1979, no. 201; Hayes 1980, nos. 231–32; Bailey BM III, Q 1683, pl. 12 (MNOVIVST); Djuric 1995, nos. C 120–C 126; Bussière 2000, nos. 1185–1201 (COPPIRES) (Algeria); Casas Genover and Soler Fusté 2006, no. G 873, pls. 53–57, one example among others.

Provenance: – 1983, Robert L. Lawson, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

285

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.391.7

Dimensions: L: 12.0 cm; W: 8.9 cm; H: 3.1 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact (small piece removed from handle for clay analysis). Clay 7.5YR8/4 pink, mottled glaze 10R5/6 red.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a. Concave discus. Filling-hole slightly on the right above center. Nozzle form Bus. 4a. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: MNOVIVSTI, African workshop active A.D. 120–180.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D II 1

Date: Late Flavian to Antonine

Place of Manufacture or Origin: El Djem (Tunisia)

Parallels: Ponsich 1961, no. 240, pl. 18 (IVNIALEXI); Bussière 2000, p. 291, no. 1241 (MNOVIVSTI) (Sétif).

Provenance: – 1983, Robert L. Lawson, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Manzoni Macdonnell 1984, p. 143, fig. 4, right.

286

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.535

Dimensions: L: 10.5 cm; W: 7.3 cm; H: 2.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR8/3 very pale brown, unevenly preserved glaze 2.5YR5/6 red.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a. Filling-hole in left middle field, with remains of corroded iron wick-nail. Small air hole in lower discus, facing nozzle. Nozzle form Bus. 4a; burn marks. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: FABRICMASC, Italic workshop active A.D. 80/90–140; incuse mark below: double-ovolo.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Personification of Africa, front view of bust with headgear of elephant trunk and tusks; latter feature, usually clearly shown on parallels, is not very distinct on this lamp.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D II 1

Date: Late Flavian to Early Antonine

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Not given by Schüller, but Italic based on the signature

Parallels: Bussière 2000, p. 171, no. 2106, pl. 59, decor I.c.3.(3) (CATILVEST) (with further refs. for illustrations of the same theme, to which can be added Pollino 1994, no. 047, pl. 5); Kunst der Antike 13, no. 150.

Provenance: Before 1982, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); by 1982–1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Galerie Günter Puhze 1982, no. 272.

287

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.166

Dimensions: L: 11.0 cm; W: 7.5 cm; H: 2.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: Handle slightly chipped on top. Clay 5YR7/4 pink, glaze 2.5YR6/6 light red.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VI b. Filling-hole at left; possible traces of iron corrosion. Nozzle form Bus. 4d. Slightly raised base marked off by one circular groove. Workshop signature: CCORVRS.

Discus Iconography: At left, aulete standing to right, wearing short pants whose stippled markings probably indicate fur; in front of him a small unidentified structure with two tiers (altar[?]).

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D II 1

Date: Late Flavian to Early Antonine

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

288

Inventory Number: 81.AQ.38.2

Dimensions: L: 9.5 cm; W: 6.9 cm; H: 2.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: A few chips on the handle. Clay near 5YR7/4 pink, mottled glaze mostly 2.5YR4/4 reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper and lower parts. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a. Filling-hole at right. Air hole facing nozzle. Nozzle form Bus. 4a. Base marked off by one circular groove. Illegible incuse potter’s signature; under it an incuse mark: four-petaled flower(?).

Discus Iconography: Scorpion to right, its claws surrounding the filling-hole.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D II 1

Date: Late Flavian to Early Antonine

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Tunisia

Parallels: Libertini 1930, no. 1300, pl. 124; Álvarez-Ossorio 1942, fig. 3.2 (Loeschcke IV); Palol 1950, no. 68, fig. 108; Ponsich 1961, no. 311, pl. 22; Kricheldorf 1962, nos. 146 (GABINIA) and 147–48, pl. 18; Sotgiu 1968, no. 411e, pl. 4 (CCLOSVC); Heres 1972, no. 78, pl. 12 (Loeschcke I); Gualandi Genito 1977, no. 330, pl. 45; Hellmann 1987, no. 265, pl. 34 (CCLOSVC); Schäfer and Marczoch 1990, p. 47, no. 44; Larese and Sgreva 1996, p. 223, no. 303 (COPPIRES); Bussière 2000, nos. 2468–70, pl. 67, decor III.c.1.(1) (MVNTREPT) (Tipasa) (with further refs. and several signatures); Robin Petitot 2000, p. 57, no. 101 (Loeschcke IV); Rivet 2003, p. 158, no. 306; Casas Genover and Soler Fusté 2006, no. G 970, pl. 63; Bémont and Chew 2007, pp. 192, 449, pl. 24, IT 63, and pp. 243–44, 462–63, pls. 37–38, GA 63–GA 64, (Loeschcke I); Bussière and Rivel 2012, no. 180 (GABMERC) (central Tunisia); Bochum Museum, Schüller Collection, cat. no. 179, S 744 (CLO.HELI and planta pedis under it) (Tunisia).

Provenance: – 1981, William L. Eagleton, Jr., American, 1926–2011, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1981.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

289

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.206

Dimensions: L: 10.2 cm; W: 7.1 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Chipped filling-hole. Clay 10YR6/3 pale brown, glaze 10YR5/1 gray; burned.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a. Filling-hole in left middle field. Small air hole facing nozzle. Nozzle form Bus. 4b. Slightly raised base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: MNOVIVST; below it, capital letter T with small dot at end of each bar; African workshop active A.D. 120–180.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Portrait of bearded man to right with diadem: Hadrian(?).

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D II 1

Date: Late Flavian to Early Antonine

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Libertini 1930, no. 1292, pl. 123; Mercando 1962, no. 3, pl. 6 (MVERCEVP); Brentchaloff 1972, no. 80, Musée de Clermont inv. 56.465.102 (Loeschcke IV, signed OPPI) (Lezoux); Bailey BM II, p. 330, Q 1311, pl. 70, and pp. 34–35, fig. 31; Gualandi Genito 1986, pp. 208 and 216, no. 60 (GABIN[IA?]); Bailey 1994, no. 194, fig. 41; Morillo Cerdán 1999, pp. 198–99, fig. 141, motif 52 (with further refs.); Bussière 2000, nos. 2202–3, pl. 61, decor I.d.1.(2) (with discussion and further refs.); Bochum Museum, Schüller Collection, museum photographic archives, photo P001 210–02–03–01 jpg.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

Discussion: The bearded head in the discus is sometimes interpreted as Hercules because of what seems to be a club on his right shoulder, at other times as a portrait of Hadrian or Antoninus Pius, which seems more likely (Bailey BM II, Q 1311). However, the interpretation of either emperor’s portrait fails to match the chronology of the workshop OPPI (active A.D. 70/80–100), which signs a lamp bearing this particular decor: see Brentchaloff 1972, no. 80 (see discussion in Bussière 2000, p. 172, decor I.d.2). If the portrait is read as that of an emperor, then OPPI’s chronology must be revised, and Hadrian must be preferred to Antoninus Pius (see discussion in Gualandi Genito 1986, p. 208, no. 60; or in Bussière 2000, p. 172, decor I.d.1.[2]).

290

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.164

Dimensions: L: 10.4 cm; W: 7.3 cm; H: 2.2 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR7/4 pink, glaze mostly 5YR4/2 dark reddish gray.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a. Filling-hole left middle. Unpierced small air hole in lower discus, facing nozzle. Nozzle form Bus. 4b. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature IVSTI, Late Flavian to Trajanic African workshop.

Discus Iconography: Fisherman with hat and short tunic sitting on a bank to left, left arm resting behind him; right hand holding fishing line without rod; below, basket and stick on which are strung five fish.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D II 1

Date: Late Flavian to Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Manzoni Macdonnell 1984, figs. 2, 4.

291

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.207

Dimensions: L: 10.3 cm; W: 7.0 cm; H: 2.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR6/4 light brown, unevenly preserved glaze 2.5YR4/6 red with brownish tint.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a. Filling-hole at left. Nozzle form Bus. 4b. Base marked off by one circular groove, with three evenly spaced dots; in center, two small concentric circles with a dot inside.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Bust of an elderly man to right with a long pointed beard.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D II 1

Date: Late Flavian to Early Antonine

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Bussière 2000, p. 194, nos. 2197–99, pl. 61 (COPPIRES), decor II.g.1.(2) (with several comparanda, all signed CCLOSVC); Bémont and Chew 2007, pp. 192, 448, pl. 23, IT 61; Kunst der Antike 11, no. 239.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

292

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.205

Dimensions: L: 10.6 cm; W: 7.2 cm; H: 2.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR6/4 light reddish brown, glaze 10R5/6 red.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a. Filling-hole left middle. Nozzle form Bus. 4b. Slightly raised base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: IVNIALEXI, African workshop active A.D. 120–200.

Discus Iconography: Frontal bust of young woman, hair centrally parted, clothing draped over left shoulder.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D II 1

Date: Hadrianic to Antonine-Severan

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Ponsich 1961, no. 254, pl. 19 (CCORVR); Kricheldorf 1962, no. 171, pl. 21 (MNIVST); Bernabò Brea and Cavalier 1965, no. 3 (CMAREVP) and no. 14 (IVNIALEX), pl. 230 (Lipari); Ennabli, Salomonson, and Mahjoubi 1973, no. 203, pl. 8 (MTMARI), no. 210 (CIVNALEX[I]), and no. 391, pl. 9 (MNOVIVSTI) (Raqqada); Joly 1974, no. 385, pl. 14; Hayes 1980, no. 236; Bailey BM III, Q 1681–Q 1682 (MNOVIVST), pl. 12; García Pereira Maia 1997, p. 48, no. Lu 9-b (QMISE) (Santa Barbara); Bussière 2000, p. 194, no. 2215, pl. 62, decor II.g.1.(11) (with further refs. with various potters’ signatures); (close) Bochum Museum, Schüller Collection, cat. no. 166, S 754 (IVNI.ALEXI) (Tunisia); cat. 293.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

Discussion: Authors of parallels hesitate whether to identify the figure in the discus as male or female. The Getty lamp points to female.

293

Inventory Number: 79.AQ.28.4

Dimensions: L: 10.4 cm; W: 7.1 cm; H: 2.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, glaze mostly 2.5YR4/4 reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a. Filling-hole left middle. Nozzle form Bus. 4b. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s signature IVNIALEXI.

Discus Iconography: Frontal bust of a young woman, hair centrally parted, clothing over her left shoulder.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D II 1

Date: Hadrianic to Antonine-Severan

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Tunisia

Parallels: Bussière 2000, p. 194, no. 2215, pl. 62, decor II.g.1.(11) (with further refs. and various potters’ signatures); cat. 292.

Provenance: – 1979, William L. Eagleton, Jr., American, 1926–2011, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1979.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

294

Inventory Number: 80.AQ.46.6

Dimensions: L: 10.5 cm; W: 7.6 cm; H: 2.4 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay near 5YR7/6 reddish yellow, glaze mostly 2.5YR5/6 red. Slight silver mica.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a. Central filling-hole with remains of corroded iron wick-nail. Nozzle form Bus. 4b. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: MNOVIV, African workshop active A.D. 120–180; incised dot below signature.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Crocodile attacked by lion on top, biting its throat.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D II 1

Date: Late Flavian to Early Antonine

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Tunisia

Parallels: Alaoui III, p. 227, nos. 2134–35 (MNOVIVSTI); Mlasowsky 1993, p. 205, no. 193; Bussière 2000, nos. 2310–11, pl. 64 (CCLOSVC, CLOHEL) (with further refs.).

Provenance: – 1980, William L. Eagleton, Jr., American, 1926–2011, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1980.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

295

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.190

Dimensions: L: 10.3 cm; W: 7.2 cm; H: 2.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR7/4 very pale brown, glaze 7.5YR5/4 brown.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII b. Filling-hole at left. Unpierced air hole slit in discus, facing nozzle. Nozzle form Bus. 4b. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Grotesque dwarf, head turned to left, standing to right on a crescent representing a boat; he is wearing a conical bonnet with pompom, holding an unclear object over his head in his raised hands.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D II 1

Date: Late Flavian to Early Antonine

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Bussière 2000, p. 190, no. 2276, pl. 63, decor II.d.10.(4).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

296

Inventory Number: 80.AQ.46.3

Dimensions: L: 10.4 cm; W: 7.3 cm; H: 2.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, glaze varying between 2.5YR4/4 reddish brown and 2.5YR5/6 red.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a. Filling-hole to left of center. Nozzle form Bus. 4b. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature CEIS in planta pedis (for CFELIS).

Discus Iconography: Bust of Diana to right, upper half of a bow in front of her.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D II 1

Date: Late Flavian to Early Antonine

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Tunisia

Parallels: (Near) Bussière 2000, no. 1931, pl. 57.

Provenance: – 1980, William L. Eagleton, Jr., American, 1926–2011, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1980.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

297

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.211

Dimensions: L: 9.0 cm; W: 6.4 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR7/3 very pale brown, uneven glaze, between 5YR5/3 reddish brown and 5YR4/2 dark reddish gray.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a. Filling-hole upper left. Small air hole in discus, facing nozzle. Nozzle form Bus. 4b. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: LMVNPHILE, Italic lampmaker possibly with African branches, active Late Flavian to Hadrianic period; above and below signature, two concentric circles.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Frontal bust of actor wearing comic mask.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D II 1

Date: Late Flavian to Early Antonine

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Bussière 2000, p. 191, no. 2253, pl. 62, decor II.e.1.(7) (with further refs.).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

298

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.185

Dimensions: L: 10.8 cm; W: 7.4 cm; H: 2.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Crack across discus and back. Clay 10YR6/3 pale brown, glaze varying between 10YR5/2 grayish brown and 10YR4/2 dark grayish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII b. Central filling-hole. Nozzle form Bus. 4b. Base marked off by circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: LMADIEC, Italic workshop, probably with African branches, active A.D. 90–140.

Discus Iconography: Frontal busts of the Dioscuri, Castor and Pollux, looking slightly to left, wearing pointed caps with a star on top.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D II 1

Date: Late Flavian to Early Antonine

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Deneauve 1969, no. 610, pl. 62 (Loeschcke V); Bailey BM II, p. 25, Q 1283, pl. 67 (LFABRICMAS), fig. 21; Bussière 2000, p. 311, no. 2015, pl. 57, and p. 166, decor I.b.8.(1) (with further refs.).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

299

Inventory Number: 81.AQ.112.6

Dimensions: L: 10.6 cm; W: 7.4 cm; H: 2.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, scant remains of glaze 10YR4/2 dark grayish brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a. Central filling-hole. Small air hole in lower discus. Nozzle form Bus. 4e. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Eight-pointed star and crescent: Sol and Luna.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D II 1

Date: Late Flavian to Early Antonine

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Italy

Parallels: Ponsich 1965, no. 20, pl. 1; Deneauve 1969, no. 739, pl. 70; Bussière 2000, nos. 1939–65, pl. 57, decor: I.b.7.(1) (with further refs.) (CLOSVC, COPPIRES, LSEMHAO).

Provenance: – 1981, Robert L. Lawson, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1981.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

300

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.555

Dimensions: L: 9.9 cm; W: 7.3 cm; H: 2.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Ring handle slightly chipped on top. Clay 5YR8/3 pink, glaze varying between 2.5YR4/3 and 2.5YR5/4 reddish brown, two shades.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a. Ring handle with start of two grooves on upper part of misshaped handle. Curved groove links each lar’s lifted hand to the altar, indicating that each is pouring liquid from the rhyton into the situla. Filling-hole above center. Nozzle form Bus. 4e. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: COPPIRES.

Discus Iconography: Two lares in short tunics and cloaks, one on each side of a lit altar flanked by two trees; both lares walking down three steps, each carrying a small situla in the inside hand, raised outside hand holding a rhyton.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D II 1

Date: Late Flavian to Early Antonine

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Unknown

Parallels: (Close) Bartoli Santi and Bellori 1702, p. 14; Brants 1913, no. 417, pl. 4 (Deneauve V G); Loeschcke 1919, no. 390, pl. 6; Ponsich 1961, no. 245, pl. 18; Mercando 1962, no. 3, pl. 7, and no. 594, pl. 61 (Loeschcke V); Heres 1972, no. 18, pl. 5 (Loeschcke III), and no. 368, pl. 41 (heart-shaped nozzle); Bailey BM II, Q 1095, pl. 38 (Bailey type G); Fitch and Goldman 1994, no. 506, pl. 3 (fr.); García Pereira Maia 1997, p. 60, no. Lu 116; Morillo Cerdán 1999, fig. 138.34 (discus fr.); Bussière 2000, nos. 2094–95, pl. 58, decor I.b.12 (with further refs.); Moscara 2003, fig. 1, no. 9; Pace 2008, p. 18 (with a different altar); cat. 310 same decor on a form Bussière D III 2.

Provenance: Before 1982, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); by 1982–1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Galerie Günter Puhze 1982, no. 269.

Discussion: The grooves from the lifted hands of the lares represent the streams of liquid (see Bailey BM II, p. 235, Q 1095; and a very explicit scene on a crater in the Kunsthistoriches Museum, Vienna, no. 910, reproduced in Matesanz Fernández 1988, p. 24, fig. 7). This conventional representation of a stream is not visible on the parallels given above. However, on cat. 310, which shows the same decor (but on a lamp Bussière form D III 2), each curved line links the rhyton to the altar and not to the situla. It may be a misrepresentation of an earlier model.

301

Inventory Number: 91.AK.47

Dimensions: L: 8.8 cm; W: 6.1 cm; H: 2.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay not visible, thick glaze near 2.5YR5/4 reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VIII b, with heavy relief ovules. Filling-hole at right. Nozzle form Bus. 4e. Blurred base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: SLMRMEVO; above and below, small double-circles; letters L and O are smaller than the others, as is usual for this signature; this is a nonsense inscription (see Bailey BM III, Q 3437, pl. 136). The lamp is a fake, purchased in Italy.

Discus Iconography: Bust of Emperor Domitian to right, wearing laurel wreath tied with streamers(?).

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D II 1

Date: Fake lamp made between 1870 and World War II (according to Bailey)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Italy

Parallels: The following lamps are all fakes. (Identical with a sharper relief) Buchholz 1961, p. 180, fig. 4a–b; Selesnow 1988, no. 428, pl. 56; Bailey BM III, Q 3437, pl. 136 (of a slightly bigger size than this lamp, with Latin inscription on discus: IMP.CAES DOMITIANVS.AVG XII); Balil 1984, no. 192 (with Latin inscription on discus: IMP.CAES DOMITIANVS.AVG XII); Bailey BM III, Q 3438, pl. 136 (without inscription); (close decor but treatment of hair on neck and base of bust slightly different): Modrewska 1992, fig. 1. For portraits of other Roman emperors on modern forgeries, see Buchholz 1961, pp. 173–87; Heres 1967, pp. 388–90; Hemelrijk 1971; Hemelrijk 1972; Bailey BM III, p. 436, Q 3431–Q 3438, pl. 136; Brehm 2004.

Provenance: – 1991, Murray C. Zimmerman, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1991.

Bibliography: Acquisitions/1991, p. 147, no. 31.

302

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.229

Dimensions: L: 10.3 cm; W: 7.3 cm; H: 2.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR6/6 reddish yellow, mottled glaze 2.5YR6/6 light red, with some darker spots 2.5YR4/4 reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a. Central filling-hole. Nozzle form Bus. 4b. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: EXOFLV/CCEIORV, African workshop active A.D. 175–225.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D II 1

Date: Late second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Given by Schüller as Asia Minor, but according to its signature, the lamp is definitely African

Parallels: Palol 1950, no. 76 (AVGENDI), fig. 109; Ponsich 1961, no. 201 (MAVRICI), pl. 17; Kricheldorf 1962, no. 168 (LVCCEI), pl. 20, no. 167 (MAVRICI), pl. 20, and no. 171 (MNIVST), pl. 21; Ennabli, Salomonson, and Mahjoubi 1973, nos. 20 (LM), 93 and 152 (NINI), 90 (LVCCEI), pl. 13, nos. 52 (EXOFIQSEM), 86 (PVLLAENI), 153 (RESTITVTI), 214 (LVCCEI), pl. 14 (Raqqada); Carthage II, nos. 25 (NVNDINI), 26 (LVCCCEI), 27 (NVNDI), pl. 4; Sapelli 1979, no. 201; Hayes 1980, nos. 231–32, pl. 23; Djuric 1995, nos. C 120–C 126; Bussière 2000, no. 1289 (LVCCE/I), pl. 54; Casas Genover and Soler Fusté 2006, no. G 873, pl. 53 (an example among several others on pls. 53–57); Bussière and Rivel 2012, no. 190.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

303

Inventory Number: 81.AQ.112.9

Dimensions: L: 7.1 cm; W: 4.9 cm; H: 2.2 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay near 5YR7/6 reddish yellow, scant remains of glaze 10R6/6 light red.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII b. Filling-hole lower left. Hybrid nozzle form mixing Bus. 3 and 4g, a variant, with small V-shaped channel connecting it to discus. Slit air hole in channel. Blurred base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Garlanded amphora braced by a forked stick.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bailey P group ii; Bussière form D II 2

Date: Late Flavian to Hadrianic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Italy

Parallels: (Identical) Perlzweig 1961, no. 172, pl. 6; Hellmann 1987, no. 271, pl. 34; Bochum Museum, Schüller Collection, cat. no. 154, S 824 (Anatolia); (close) cat. 339, for discus decor only (with further parallels); Michelucci 1998, no. 4, pl. 79 (Iasos, Turkey) (Loeschcke VIII); on a Loeschcke type I: Di Filippo Balestrazzi 1988, vol. 2.2, no. 266a, pl. 45.

Provenance: – 1981, Robert L. Lawson, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1981.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

304

Inventory Number: 81.AQ.112.14

Dimensions: L: 7.0 cm; W: 4.8 cm; H: 2.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR7/4 pink, scant remains of glaze mostly 5YR5/3 reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII b with a row of ovolos. Filling-hole slightly below center. Hybrid nozzle form mixing Bus. 3 and 4g, variant with small V-shaped channel connecting it to discus. Base marked off by one circular groove. Plain planta pedis in center.

Discus Iconography: Lion rushing to left.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bailey P group ii; Bussière form D II 2

Date: Late Flavian to Hadrianic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Italy

Parallels: For the discus only, see Bussière 2000, decor III.a.1.(3).

Provenance: – 1981, Robert L. Lawson, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1981.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

305

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.135

Dimensions: L: 10.5 cm; W: 8.5 cm; H: 2.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR6/4 light reddish brown, glaze between 5YR5/3 and 5YR4/3 reddish brown, two shades.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII b. Filling-hole slightly below discus center. Small air hole in discus, facing nozzle. Nozzle form Bus. 4h. Base marked off by one circular groove. Incuse inscription on discus: REGNATOR, with number XXXX under it. Potter’s incuse signature: NNAELVCI, Italic workshop active Late Flavian to Hadrianic period.

Discus Iconography: Victorious racehorse to left in front of palm tree; striated groundline.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bailey P group i; Bussière form D III 1

Date: Late Flavian to Antonine

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Deneauve 1969, no. 753, pl. 61, palm tree replaced by single palm branch and horse’s name inscribed in tabula ansata: BVBAL (signed CCLO.SVC); for a similar horse but without tree or inscription, see Bussière 2000, no. 2707, pl. 72, decor III.a.11.(7); horse and palm tree without inscription: Larese and Sgreva 1996, p. 227, no. 315; similar decor but with variant inscription on discus (VICTOR XXXX), Rodríguez Martín 2002, no. 177, pl. 34; Bochum Museum, Schüller Collection, cat. no. 172, S 844 (VICTORIVS.—) (Q.NVMICEL) (Tunisia).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

306

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.125

Dimensions: L: 13.0 cm; W: 9.3 cm; H: 3.0 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR7/2 light gray, glaze 2.5YR5/2 weak red, with a brownish tint and slightly metallic.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII b. Filling-hole lower left. Small air hole in discus, facing nozzle. Nozzle form Bus. 4h. Base-ring marked off by two circular grooves.

Discus Iconography: Venus at her toilet; she is nude, standing frontally, raising her arms to comb her hair.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bailey P group iii; Bussière form D III 1

Date: Late Flavian to Antonine

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Oziol 1977, p. 146, no. 418, pl. 22; Bailey BM III, Q 2034, pl. 43, fig. 11 (with further refs.); same theme treated differently, Joly 1974, no. 594, pl. 23.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

Discussion: The position of the frontal nude is nearly identical to similar decors on Cypriot lamps, where the figure, said to be Aphrodite, stands next to a large amphora and a pillar with a bird on it (see Oziol 1977).

307

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.126

Dimensions: L: 12.2 cm; W: 8.8 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay near 7.5YR7/4 pink, glaze mostly 2.5YR5/6 red.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII b; square panel on each side of shoulder. Filling-hole between figures. Small unpierced air hole in shoulder groove, facing nozzle. Nozzle form Bus. 4h. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: MNOVIVSTI, African workshop active A.D. 120–180.

Discus Iconography: Two nude pugilists fighting; horizontal palm branch in front.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bailey P group iii; Bussière form D III 2

Date: Late Flavian to Antonine

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

308

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.115

Dimensions: L: 12.8 cm; W: 9.3 cm; H: 2.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR7/3 very pale brown, thin remains of glaze 10YR5/4 yellowish brown (top) and 2.5YR4/8 red (lower part).

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII b; square panel on each side of shoulder. Filling-hole slightly to right of center. Small air hole in discus, facing nozzle. Nozzle form Bus. 4h. Base-ring marked off by two grooves. Potter’s incuse signature: CLO.HEL, Italic workshop active A.D. 80–150.

Discus Iconography: Hercules killing the Stymphalian birds with bow and arrows; he is nude except for the lionskin hanging over his shoulders; Eurystheus is watching, seated at left; tree to the right of Hercules; three birds in the scene.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bailey P group iii; Bussière form D III 2

Date: Late Flavian to Antonine

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Bailey BM II, p. 34, Q 1322, fig. 31 (signed LFABRIHIR); Bonnet 1988, no. 3, fig. 6, punch Sc.c.3, interpreted as Hercules delivering Prometheus.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

309

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.101

Dimensions: L: 12.3 cm; W: 8.9 cm; H: 2.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR6/4 light brown, glaze mostly 2.5YR5/6 red.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a; square panel framed by four dots on each side of shoulder. Filling-hole in upper left field. Small unpierced air hole in lower part. Nozzle form Bus. 4h. Slightly raised base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: MNOVGERM, African workshop active A.D. 120–180.

Discus Iconography: Ulysses tied to the mast of his ship; his companions rowing to right, sail hoisted.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bailey P group iii; Bussière form D III 2

Date: Late Flavian to Antonine

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: (Close) Deneauve 1969, no. 837, pl. 77 (PVLLAENI); Joly 1974, no. 408, pl. 15; Pastorino 1990, p. 143, fig. 7.27; Rodríguez Martín 2002, no. 123, pl. 25; (identical) Bonifay 2004b, fig. 182.6 (CIVNALEX) from Pupput (Tunisia).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

310

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.114

Dimensions: L: 11.2 cm; W: 8.1 cm; H: 2.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Nozzle underside restored; modern overpaint on nozzle. Clay 10YR7/2 light gray, glaze remains mostly on top 10YR4/2 dark grayish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with start of two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII b; square panel on each side of shoulder. Filling-hole left of altar. Unpierced air hole at bottom of discus. Nozzle form Bus. 4h. Base-ring marked off by two circular grooves. Potter’s incuse signature: LMVNPHILE, Italic workshop, possibly with African branches, active Late Flavian to Hadrianic.

Discus Iconography: Two lares in short tunics and cloaks, one on either side of lit altar flanked by two trees; each lar walking down three steps carrying a small situla in inside hand, raised outside hand holding a rhyton; a curved groove links each lar’s lifted hand to the altar.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D III 2

Date: Late Flavian to Early Antonine

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: (Close) Brants 1913, no. 417, pl. 4 (Deneauve type V G); Ponsich 1961, no. 245, pl. 18; Mercando 1962, pl. 7; Deneauve 1969, no. 594, pl. 61 (Loeschcke V); Heres 1972, no. 18, pl. 5 (Loeschcke III), and no. 368, pl. 41 (heart-shaped nozzle); Djuric 1995, p. 51, no. C 144 (MNOVIVSTI); (without altar) Bailey BM II, Q 1095, fig. 26, type G (MYRO); for the general motif only, see Bussière 2000, nos. 2094–95, pl. 58, decor I.b.12 (with further refs.); (with different altar) Pace 2008, p. 18; Moscara 2003, fig. 1.9; (similar decor) cat. 300 (Loeschcke VIII).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

Discussion: According to Bailey, each lar is pouring liquid from a rhyton into a situla, the groove representing the stream of liquid (see Bailey BM II, p. 235, Q 1095). This conventional representation of a stream is not visible on the parallels listed above, which are mostly slightly blurred. On this lamp the curved lines link the rhyta to the altar, not to the situlae. It may be a misrepresentation of an earlier model as seen in Bailey’s BM II, Q 1095.

311

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.116

Dimensions: L: 12.9 cm; W: 9.2 cm; H: 2.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, glaze mostly 2.5YR6/6 light red.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII b; square panel on each side of shoulder. Filling-hole in left middle of discus. Nozzle form Bus. 4h. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: MNOVIVST, African workshop active A.D. 120–180.

Discus Iconography: One of the Dioscuri—Castor or Pollux—in front of a horse, holding reins in his right hand and a long spear in his left; on his head, a pointed cap with a star on top.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bailey P group iii; Bussière form D III 2

Date: Second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Bussière 2000, p. 166, no. 2985, pl. 80, decor I.b.8.(2); (close to nozzle form Bus. 2c) Larese and Sgreva 1996, p. 232, no. 344 (CCLOSVC).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Manzoni Macdonnell 1984, figs. 3, 4.

312

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.464

Dimensions: L: 15.8 cm; W: 11.2 cm; H: 3.4 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR7/2–6/2 pinkish gray, different shades of vitreous glaze GLEY 1, 10GY8/1 to 10GY7/1 light greenish gray; on left bottom a few darker splashes 5G near 5/2 grayish green.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle. Outward-sloping plain shoulder, separated from discus by a circular thin groove, Loeschcke form VII b(?). Central filling-hole. Rounded nozzle form Bus. 4e. Small slightly raised circular base with blurred illegible workshop mark.

Discus Iconography: Myrtle wreath without berries.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D VII

Date: Second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Novaesium (Germany)

Parallels: None found. For other myrtle wreaths, see Bailey BM II, p. 87, fig. 101.

Provenance: By 1973, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); – 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Antiken aus Rheinischem Privatbesitz, p. 125, no. 191, pl. 85.

313

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.277

Dimensions: L: 11.4 cm; W: 8.4 cm; H: 3.1 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR7/3 very pale brown, scant traces of glaze 10YR4/2 dark grayish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VIII b. Central filling-hole. Small air hole in lower part. Nozzle form Bus. 4a. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incised signature EXOF/ICINA/LVCI, African workshop active second century A.D.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D VII

Date: Second half of second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Palol 1950, no. 76, fig. 109 (AVGENDI); Ponsich 1961, no. 201, pl. 17 (MAVRICI); Kricheldorf 1962, nos. 167 (MAVRICI) and 168 (LVCCEI), pl. 20; Ennabli, Salomonson, and Mahjoubi 1973, no. 20 (LM), pl. 13, nos. 93 and 152 (NINI), 90 (LVCCEI), pl. 14, nos. 52 (EXOFIQSEM), 86 (PVLLAENI), 153 (RESTITVTI), and 214 (LVCCEI), pl. 14 (Raqqada); Carthage II, nos. 25 (NVNDINI), 26 (LCCCEI), and 27 (NVNDI), pl. 4; Sapelli 1979, no. 201; Hayes 1980, nos. 231–32, pl. 23; Djuric 1995, nos. C 120–C 126; Bussière 2000, no. 1289, pl. 54, no. 2884, pl. 77, and nos. 3733 and 3769, pl. 107; Casas Genover and Soler Fusté 2006, no. G 873, pl. 53 (several examples on pls. 53–57); Bussière and Rivel 2012, no. 190 (Tebessa); cat. 314.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

314

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.279

Dimensions: L: 10.9 cm; W: 8.0 cm; H: 3.0 cm

Condition and Fabric: Crack in joint on left side. Clay 10YR7/3 very pale brown, scant traces of glaze mostly 10YR4/2 dark grayish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VIII b. Central filling-hole. Small air hole in lower part. Nozzle form Bus. 4a. Slightly raised base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incised signature: LVCCEIO/RVM, African workshop active A.D. 175–225.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D VII

Date: Second half of second century A.D., possibly until first quarter of third century

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Ennabli, Salomonson, and Mahjoubi 1973, type 11, series 2, group 4, pl. 14; (close) Bussière 2000, no. 2884, pl. 77; cat. 313.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

315

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.208

Dimensions: L: 10.1 cm; W: 7.8 cm; H: 2.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Part of left shoulder blurred. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, mottled glaze varying between 5YR5/6 yellowish red and 5YR4/3 reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves. Shoulder: variant of Loeschcke form VIII b, with a row of double-ovolos, separated from the discus by a herringbone-pattern between two grooves. Filling-hole in left part. Small air hole in discus, facing nozzle. Nozzle form Bus. 4a. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: EXOFICI/NA.C.V.S., African workshop active end of second to early third century A.D.; double ovolo under signature.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Bust of Serapis, body frontal, head to left, wearing calathus and draped garment; scepter at right.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 1

Date: Late second to early third century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Given by Schüller as being from Asia Minor, but the lamp with its signature is African

Parallels: Alaoui III, p. 208, no. K 1972 (El Aouja); (close) Deneauve 1969, no. 823, pl. 66 (EXOFFMAVRICI); Bussière 2000, p. 169, no. 3132, pl. 85, decor I.c.1.(1) (with further refs.); cat. 316 and cat. 348.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

316

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.219

Dimensions: L: 11.6 cm; W: 8.5 cm; H: 3.1 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, glaze mostly 7.5YR6/6 reddish yellow.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves. Shoulder: variant of Loeschcke form VIII b, with a row of double-ovolos, separated from the discus by a circle of herringbone-pattern between two grooves. Filling-hole in right middle of discus. Small air hole in lower discus. Nozzle form Bus. 4a or 4f. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: EXOFICI/NA.C.V.S.; similar signature on cat. 315.

Discus Iconography: Bust of Serapis, frontal body, head to left, wearing calathus, rich locks; scepter at right.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 1

Date: Late second to early third century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: (Close) Deneauve 1969, no. 823, pl. 76 (EXOFMAVRICI); Bussière 2000, p. 169, no. 3132, pl. 85, decor I.c.1.(1) (with further refs.); cat. 315 and cat. 348 are similar but not from the same mold.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

317

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.396

Dimensions: L: 10.1 cm; W: 8.4 cm; H: 3.0 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, thin remains of glaze near 2.5YR6/6 light red.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on both parts. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VIII b, with closely spaced slanted criss-crossing lines, separated from discus by convex ridge marked off by two grooves. Filling-hole slightly above discus center; remains of iron corrosion. Small air hole in lower part, facing nozzle. Nozzle form Bus. 6; on underside, band of closely spaced rays between two narrow notched grooves. Base marked off by one circular groove. Two-line inscription on base: MMPAXI // M—(?); workshop signature EXOFICINA.C.V.S. inscribed at top of discus.

Discus Iconography: Homoerotic scene: big-bellied nude bearded man at left having sex with nude lean young partner kneeling at right (coitus a tergo), both to right; the youth is wearing a necklace with what seems to be a bulla.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 2

Date: A.D. 175–225

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Djuric 1995, p. 48, no. C 132; Arslan 2001, p. 50, no. 68, inv. no. A.1984; Bonham’s 2003, lot 10370.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

Discussion:
A workshop signature (EXOFICINA C.V.S.) inscribed on top of the discus is very unusual on first- or second-century Roman lamps, but it occurs occasionally on African lamps of the third century and later. Since the workshop name already figures on the discus of the lamp, could the inscription on the base be the name of the potter himself and not that of the workshop? It is exceptional that two different names are inscribed, one on the discus (the workshop), the other (the potter[?]) on the base. Among the thousands of African lamps Bussière has studied, he has never seen a similar case.

The rays on the underside of the nozzle are a common decor on third-century African lamps.

318

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.400

Dimensions: L: 10.8 cm; W: 8.2 cm; H: 2.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR8/3 very pale brown, flaked thin glaze 10YR5/2 grayish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Solid round vertical handle with two grooves on both parts. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VIII b, with closely spaced slanted rays. Central filling-hole. Small air hole in lower part. Nozzle form Bus. 6; underside has a band of closely spaced rays. Base surrounded by a circular ridge.

Discus Iconography: Homoerotic scene to right, coitus a tergo close to cat. 317; nearly same position of the two partners, except that the big-bellied bearded man at left is here standing holding what is possibly a book scroll: parody of a teacher(?).

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 2

Date: A.D. 175–225

Place of Manufacture or Origin: None given, but certainly African

Parallels: Djuric 1995, p. 48, no. C 132; Arslan 2001, p. 50, inv. no. A.1984; Bonham’s 2003, lot 10370; cat. 317.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

Discussion: The closely spaced rays on the underside of the nozzle are a recurrent feature of late second- and early third-century African lamps. For a description of this nozzle decor, see Ennabli, Salomonson, and Mahjoubi 1973, p. 125, series 1, group 3 (Raqqada).

319

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.213

Dimensions: L: 9.9 cm; W: 7.7 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR6/4 light brown, glaze 7.5YR5/4 brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part, one on lower. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VIII b, with closely spaced impressed rays, each with a dot at inner end. Filling-hole in lower field. Small air hole beneath it. Nozzle form close to Bus. 4f; band of vertical short lines separating nozzle from discus. Raised base-ring marked off by two circular grooves. Potter’s incuse signature: LVCCE/I, African workshop active A.D. 175–225.

Discus Iconography: Human face with strongly accentuated features, wrinkled forehead, large staring eyes, thick curved bushy eyebrows, nose with wide-open bovine nostrils, and a curious V-shaped notched line indicating a bearded collar.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 2

Date: A.D. 175–225

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: (Identical) Kricheldorf 1962, no. 176, pl. 20 (LASCI/VI); Deneauve 1969, no. 731, pl. 69; Kunst der Antike 10, no. 240 (LVCCEI); Casas Genover and Soler Fusté 2006, no. G 1168, pl. 78; for Acheloüs motifs, see Liesen 1994, pp. 26 and 40; Bussière 1998, pp. 299–303 (with further refs.); Raselli-Nydegger 1998, no. 80, pl. 41; Hanotte 2005, no. 52, pl. 64 (fr.); Bochum Museum, Schüller Collection, cat. no. 40, S 637 (Loeschcke I) (Anatolia).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

Discussion: Kricheldorf interprets an identical lamp as a bull mask. There is a link with a lamp signed PVLLAENI of the same date, representing Acheloüs’s face (Bussière 1998). The horns and the bull’s ears are not shown on this lamp, perhaps because of lack of space, but the treatment of the bearded collar, nostrils, and staring eyes recalls similar decors, especially cat. 463 and the lamp studied in Bussière 1998.

320

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.212

Dimensions: L: 10.0 cm; W: 7.5 cm; H: 2.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Chipped left side. Clay 7.5YR6/4 light brown, glaze mostly 5YR6/6 reddish yellow.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with two grooves. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VIII b, with closely spaced short rays. Filling-hole in left part. Nozzle form Bus. 4f. Base-ring marked off by two circular grooves.

Discus Iconography: Faun’s face with very narrow forehead, closely spaced staring eyes, pointed ears, straight nose starting from top of head, thick nostrils, and large stylized beard.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 2

Date: A.D. 175–225

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: (Close) Ponsich 1961, no. 282, pl. 21, and no. 923, pl. 34; Joly 1974, no. 417, pl. 15 (Sabratha); Bailey BM III, p. 9, Q 1702, pl. 14, fig. 13; Bussière 2000, p. 354, no. 3282, pl. 91, and p. 158, decor I.a.10.(14) (with further refs.); Chrzanovski et al. 2000, p. 54, no. 11, pl. 3 (Musée de Vuiz-Faverges); Casas Genover and Soler Fusté 2006, no. G 1086, pl. 71, and no. G 1161, pl. 77.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

Discussion: Casas Genover and Soler Fusté (2006) interpret the decor on this discus as the face of Silenus. The caprine ears suggest rather a faun.

321

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.391.10

Dimensions: L: 9.5 cm; W: 7.2 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact; from worn mold. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, thin glaze 2.5YR6/6 light red.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on both upper and lower parts. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VIII b, with closely spaced short rays. Filling-hole and air hole in lower part. Nozzle form Bus. 4f. Slightly raised base-ring marked off by two circular grooves.

Discus Iconography: Pegasus to right.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 2

Date: A.D. 175–225

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Unknown but presumably African

Parallels: (Close) Deneauve 1969, no. 819, pl. 66 (ATILIANI); (identical) Casas Genover and Soler Fusté 2006, p. 206, no. G 1172, pl. 78 (refs. to close discus decors); Gorny and Mosch 2007b, p. 184, lot 498.

Provenance: – 1983, Robert L. Lawson, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

322

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.155

Dimensions: L: 15.2 cm; W: 11.1 cm; H: 3.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR7/3 pink, glaze 5YR6/6 reddish yellow.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VIII b, with closely spaced impressed rays ending in small dots on interior. Nozzle form Bus. 6(?). Filling-hole a little below discus center. Unpierced air hole in discus, facing nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Frontal eagle with spreading wings, head to left.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 2

Date: A.D. 175–225

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: (Close) Deneauve 1969, no. 773, pl. 73, and no. 949, pl. 76; Bussière 2000, p. 324, no. 2399, pl. 66, and p. 203, decor III.b.1.(10) (with further refs.).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

323

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.158

Dimensions: L: 7.6 cm; W: 6.6 cm; H: 2.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR6/4 light brown, glaze mostly 10YR4/2 dark grayish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form IV a. Shoulder interrupted by a short V-shaped channel in front of nozzle. Concave discus. Central filling-hole with remains of corroded iron wick-nail. Nozzle form Bus. 1. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bailey O group i; Bussière form D I 1

Date: Claudian to Early Flavian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: None found. For the small channel, see Bussière 2000, nos. 1068 and 1088, pl. 52.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

324

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.195

Dimensions: L: 7.3 cm; W: 6.2 cm; H: 2.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR6/4 light brown, glaze mostly 10R5/6 red.

Description: Moldmade. Rounded shoulder with a row of ovolos, separated from concave discus by convex ridge marked off by two grooves. Rather large filling-hole in lower part. Nozzle form Bus. 2a. Slightly raised base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: C.L. For this Italic mark, see CIL 15, no. 6344.

Discus Iconography: Lion rushing to left.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bailey O group i; Bussière form D I 2

Date: Claudian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: Morillo Cerdán 1999, no. 229, motif 112 (with further refs.); Bussière 2000, p. 195, no. 1057, pl. 51, decor III.a.1.(3) (with further refs.); Allison 2006, no. 80, pl. 5 (Loeschcke IV).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

325

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.209

Dimensions: L: 8.8 cm; W: 7.6 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact; incrustations. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, glaze 2.5YR5/6 red.

Description: Moldmade. Flat shoulder with a row of ovolos separated from concave discus by a convex ridge marked off by two grooves. Two almost symmetrical filling-holes in lower field. Nozzle form Bus. 2a. Blurred sunken base with incrustations.

Discus Iconography: Majestic frontal bust of bearded Jupiter, eagle with spreading wings below.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bailey O group i/ii; Bussière form D I 2

Date: Claudian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: None found. For bust of Jupiter and eagle, see Bussière 2000, p. 151, decor I.a; (near) Allison 2006, no. 175, pls. 10 and 128, no. 757, pl. 56 (Loeschcke IV), and no. 1612, pl. 128.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

326

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.236

Dimensions: L: 9.0 cm; W: 9.0 cm; H: 2.9 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 2.5YR6/6 light red, glaze mostly 2.5YR4/6 red, brownish shade.

Description: Moldmade. Deep basin. Shoulder: Loeschcke form II a; two wavy side-lugs. Small V-shaped channel from discus to top of nozzle. Nozzle form Bus. 3 variant. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Winged griffin to left, its right forepaw on its prey (the head of a deer[?]).

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form C II/D I 3

Date: Second half of first century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: Bailey BM III, Q 2400, pl. 63 (Loeschcke IV); Potentia 2001, no. 50 (Loeschcke I).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

327

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.173

Dimensions: L: 9.3 cm; W: 7.7 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Crack all around shoulder, between discus and wick-hole, several on base. Clay 10YR7/2 light gray, glaze mostly 10YR4/3 dark brown.

Description: Moldmade. Flat shoulder, separated from discus by a molding consisting of a flat-topped ridge and two thin rounded ones. Filling-hole above discus center, substantial remains of corroded iron wick-nail. Nozzle form Bus. 3. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Oak wreath of six leaves tied at top.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D I 3

Date: Claudian to Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: Bailey BM II, Q 1212, pl. 7; Bailey BM III, p. 89, Q 2486, fig. 113; Goethert-Polaschek 1985, p. 268, motif M 221. All these lamps of Loeschcke type VIII are slightly different but have the same discus decor.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

328

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.391

Dimensions: L: 9.8 cm; W: 8.3 cm; H: 2.9 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR4/1 dark gray, glaze 10YR3/1 very dark gray.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII b. Central filling-hole within three circular bands. Nozzle form Bus. 3. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Rosette with twenty-two petals.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D I 3

Date: Claudian to Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Central Anatolia

Parallels: (Close) Bailey BM II, p. 86, Q 857, fig. 100.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

329

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.177

Dimensions: L: 10.0 cm; W: 6.9 cm; H: 2.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10R6/4 pale red, glaze varying between 10R5/8 red (top) and 10R4/6 red, darker shade (base).

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Deep basin. Shoulder: Loeschcke VI a; two small impressed circles on nozzle base. Filling-hole in right lower part. Slit air hole in molding, facing nozzle. Nozzle form Bus. 3. Raised base-ring.

Discus Iconography: Eagle to right (sometimes interpreted as a parrot), with conspicuous claws; winged caduceus above.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D I 3

Date: Late Flavian to second half of second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: (Loeschcke IV) Brun and Gagnière 1937, no. 149 and K137; Bailey BM II, Q 906; Bémont and Chew 2007, pp. 253, 468, pl. 43, GA 106.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

330

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.162

Dimensions: L: 11.0 cm; W: 7.8 cm; H: 3.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Small hole in right wall. Clay near 5YR7/4 pink, glaze 10R5/8 red.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves. Deep basin. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a. Central filling-hole. Small unpierced air hole in lower part. Nozzle form Bus. 3, with two small impressed circles on shoulder above it. Slightly raised base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D I 3

Date: Late Flavian to second half of second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: (Close) Deneauve 1969, no. 809, pl. 75.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

331

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.160

Dimensions: L: 9.2 cm; W: 6.5 cm; H: 3.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10R6/6 light red, glaze 10R5/6 red, browner shade.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Deep basin. Shoulder: Loeschcke form IV a. Concave discus. Central filling-hole. Nozzle form Bus. 3. Base marked off by one circular groove. Plain planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D I 3

Date: Late Flavian to second half of second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Southern Anatolia

Parallels: (Close) Bussière 2000, no. 1089, pl. 52.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

332

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.181

Dimensions: L: 9.4 cm; W: 6.8 cm; H: 3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Tip of nozzle chipped. Clay 2.5YR6/6 light red, faint traces of glaze 2.5YR5/4 reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves. Deep basin. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VI b. Filling-hole in upper part. Air hole in discus, facing nozzle. Nozzle form Bus. 3. Blurred base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Big peaceful lion to right drinking from a cantharus held by a winged Cupid sitting at right.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D I 3

Date: Late Flavian to second half of second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: (Close) Leibundgut 1977, p. 144, no. 409, pl. 29, motif 70 (Loeschcke type IV), a more elaborate scene showing the same lion drinking, but in upper field a big crater, a column with a mask atop, and a thyrsus at left. Leibundgut gives several refs. to such dionysiac representations, especially on sarcophagi. For a similar theme treated differently, see Loeschcke 1919, no. 10, pl. 4, and no. 662, pl. 66 (fr.); Heres 1972, no. 36, pl. 7 (Loeschcke I); Bailey BM III, Q 1886, pl. 32, fig. 17; Mlasowsky 1993, p. 133, no. 113; Morillo Cerdán 1999, no. 19, fig. 137; Morillo Cerdán 2003a, p. 539, no. 7, fig. 65; Bémont and Chew 2007, p. 59, decor 30, pp. 177–78, 438, pl. 13, IT 6. In most cases the lion is in left profile, with one Cupid on its back and another holding out a crater out of which the animal is drinking.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

333

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.187

Dimensions: L: 9.8 cm; W: 7.0 cm; H: 3.0 cm

Condition and Fabric: Chipped handle. Clay 2.5YR6/6 light red, a few traces of glaze 10R6/8 light red; many traces of white engobe: Red-on-White lamp. Some gold mica.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Deep body. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VI b. Filling-hole on left side. Small air hole in discus, facing nozzle. Nozzle form Bus. 3. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Frontal head of bearded and half-bald Silenus.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D I 3

Date: Late Flavian to second half of second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: Loeschcke, Willers, and Niessen 1911, no. 1884, pl. 77; Brants 1913, no. 730, pl. 5 (signed B.L.); Waldhauer 1914, no. 542, pl. 51 (Loeschcke IV); Loeschcke 1919, no. 362, pl. 5 (Loeschcke IV); (close) Vikić-Belančić 1976, no. 6, pl. 5 (Loeschcke I); Farka 1977, no. 1080, pl. 63 (with further refs.); Chrzanovski and Zhuravlev 1998, no. 36; Heimerl 2001, nos. 310–11, pl. 8 (Pergamon); (close) Bémont and Chew 2007, pp. 190, 447, pl. 22, IT 56.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

334

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.402

Dimensions: L: 10.2 cm; W: 7.4 cm; H: 2.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Crack under nozzle; burn marks on nozzle. Clay 5YR7/6 reddish yellow, glaze 10R6/8 light red. Powdery gold mica.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with three grooves on both parts. Outward-sloping shoulder, separated from discus by inward-sloping molding; small circle impressed on each side of handle and two more in front of nozzle. Filling-hole upper left. Slit air hole in lower part. Nozzle form Bus. 3. Base-ring marked off by two circular grooves.

Discus Iconography: Erotic scene on bed, man at left and woman at right. The slightly blurred decor makes the reading unclear.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D I 3

Date: Late Flavian to second half of second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

335

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.180

Dimensions: L: 9.8 cm; W: 6.8 cm; H: 2.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR6/4 light brown, glaze 10R6/6 light red.

Description: Moldmade. Outward-sloping shoulder, separated from discus by an inward-sloping molding; three globules close to nozzle. Filling-hole in lower field. Slit air hole in upper field. Nozzle form Bus. 3. Base-ring marked off by one external circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Winged Cupid to left standing on groundline at right, pulling a ram by its horns. Groundline.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D I 3

Date: Late Flavian to second half of second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: None found; (close discus decor, with another profile) Bochum Museum, Schüller Collection, cat. no. 279, S 774 (Anatolia) (with planta pedis).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

336

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.168

Dimensions: L: 9.7 cm; W: 7.0 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR6/6 reddish yellow, mottled glaze mostly 2.5YR5/6 red, darker in spots.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Deep body. Flat shoulder with a row of ovolos, separated from discus by a circular ridge marked off by two grooves. Filling-hole to right of center. Nozzle form Bus. 3. Base-ring marked off by two circular grooves.

Discus Iconography: Stave-dancer performing with sticks in each hand; nude except for loincloth.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D I 3

Date: Late Flavian to second half of second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: Kunst der Antike 13, no. 145. For stave-dancers and grotesques, see Bailey BM II, p. 60, fig. 64. Bochum Museum, Schüller Collection, cat. no. 148, S 819 (Anatolia).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

337

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.196

Dimensions: L: 7.8 cm; W: 5.4 cm; H: 2.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Crack on left side. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, flaked glaze 10YR5/3 brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part, one on lower. Sloping shoulder with a row of globules totally encircling discus; continuous molding separating shoulder from discus. Filling-hole in lower part. Rounded nozzle Bus. form 3. Base marked off by one circular groove; plain planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: Lion running to left.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D I 3

Date: Second century A.D.(?)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: Bussière 2000, p. 195, nos. 1101–2, pl. 53 (close), decor III.a.1.(3).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

338

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.112

Dimensions: L: 11.2 cm; W: 7.5 cm; H: 2.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, glaze 10R5/8 red; partly burned brownish.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VI b. Filling-hole left middle. Small air hole slit in front of nozzle. Nozzle form Bus. 1. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Frontal bust of a young man, bare-chested except for a mantle over his shoulders and fastened in front.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bailey type O group vi

Date: Flavian to Early Antonine

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

339

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.176

Dimensions: L: 9.0 cm; W: 6.3 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR6/3 light reddish brown, scant remains of glaze 2.5YR5/6 red, with a few spots burned(?) dark.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VI b. Filling-hole in lower left. Nozzle form Bus. 4a. Slightly raised base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Garlanded amphora with tip set in flat base, braced by a forked stick; wreath to the left of the amphora.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D II 1

Date: Late Flavian to Early Antonine

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: Loeschcke, Willers, and Niessen 1911, no. 1903, pl. 81, Iványi 1935, no. 12, pl. 45 (Loeschcke IV); Bachofen and Meuli 1958, no. 3, pl. 10 (Loeschcke I); Perlzweig 1961, no. 172, pl. 6 (with further refs.); Di Filippo Balestrazzi 1988, vol. 2.2, no. 266a, pl. 45 (Loeschcke I), motif II.a.4.16 (with further refs.); Fischer and Welling 1984, no. 16, pl. 24 (near type Fabricotti Ia); Dusenbery 1998, p. 834, no. W9–1 (heart-shaped nozzle); Potentia 2001, p. 134 (Loeschcke I); cat. 303 (same discus decor).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

340

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.391.8

Dimensions: L: 11.1 cm; W: 7.3 cm; H: 2.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, glaze 2.5YR5/6 red.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a. Filling-hole slightly below center. Nozzle form Bus. 4a. Slightly raised base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: Q.M.Q.

Discus Iconography: Griffin to left, right foreleg on head of a prey (deer[?]).

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D II 1

Date: Late Flavian to Early Antonine

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Greece

Parallels: Oziol 1977, nos. 365–70, pl. 20 (Loeschcke IV); Portulano 1996, p. 73, no. 37, fig. 14 (Loeschcke IV); Bussière 2000, p. 176, no. 71, pl. 19 (Loeschcke I) (further refs. given for Bussière types B I and B III.1).

Provenance: – 1983, Robert L. Lawson, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

341

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.391.3

Dimensions: L: 10.4 cm; W: 7.3 cm; H: 2.2 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact; discus stained by green corrosion traces from bronze object (wick-needle or coin). Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, glaze varying between 10YR5/2 grayish brown and 10YR4/1 dark gray.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII, with a row of impressed dots. Central filling-hole. Small round air hole in lower field. Nozzle form Bus. 4a. Base-ring marked off by two circular grooves.

Discus Iconography: Rosette with sixteen petals.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D II 1

Date: Late Flavian to Early Antonine

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Greece

Parallels: Bussière 2000, no. 2197, pl. 61, decor II.g.1(2).

Provenance: – 1983, Robert L. Lawson, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

342

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.391.9

Dimensions: L: 9.5 cm; W: 6.8 cm; H: 2.2 cm

Condition and Fabric: Tiny hole on nozzle underside. Clay 5YR6/4 light reddish brown, uneven glaze varying between 10R5/4 and 10R4/4 weak red, in two shades of brownish tint.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a. Filling-hole just below center. Nozzle form Bus. 4a. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: CLO.HEL, Italic workshop active A.D. 80–150; plain planta pedis left top, above signature.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Myrtle wreath.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D II 1

Date: Late Flavian to Early Antonine

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Greece

Parallels: (Close) Heres 1972, no. 294, pl. 34 (COPPIRES); Bussière 2000, p. 210, no. 2549, pl. 68, decor IV.b.5.(3) (with further refs.).

Provenance: – 1983, Robert L. Lawson, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

343

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.140

Dimensions: L: 11.2 cm; W: 8.2 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Crack from right side of discus to tip of nozzle. Clay near 5YR6/4 light reddish brown, mottled glaze 2.5YR5/4 and 5YR4/2 from reddish brown to dark reddish gray.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VI a. Filling-hole slightly under discus center. Small air hole facing nozzle. Nozzle form Bus. 3a. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s signature: QNVMICEL.

Discus Iconography: Boar running to left on groundline.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D II 1

Date: Late Flavian to Early Antonine

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: (Identical) Deneauve 1969, no. 759, pl. 62 (QNVMICEL); (near, left profile) Bochum Museum, Schüller Collection, cat. no. 171, S 789. (LDOMITII) Tunisia.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

344

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.188

Dimensions: L: 10.9 cm; W: 8.1 cm; H: 2.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10R5/8 red, same color slip.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with three grooves on upper part. Shoulder: near Loeschcke form VII a; globule on each side of handle and at top of nozzle. Filling-hole in left field. Air hole in upper field. Nozzle form Bus. 3. Base marked off by one circular groove. Plain planta pedis in center.

Discus Iconography: Antinous: bust of young man to right with long curly hair and tunic that leaves his right shoulder and arm bare.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D III 1

Date: Late Flavian to Antonine

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: For portraits of Antinous, see Clairmont 1966, pl. 1; cat. 424.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

345

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.404

Dimensions: L: 11.2 cm; W: 8.1 cm; H: 2.4 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR7/6 reddish yellow, glaze 2.5YR5/4 reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with one groove on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII b. Filling-hole slightly to left of center. Small air hole in discus, facing nozzle. Nozzle form Bus. 4h. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: NNAELVCI, Italic workshop of Late Flavian to Hadrianic period.

Discus Iconography: Comic-erotic scene. Nude woman sitting on bed at right, cooling down her mate’s ardor by pouring a presumably cold liquid from a cup onto his genitals; taken by surprise, he energetically protests, raising up his left arm.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bailey P group i; Bussière form D III 1

Date: Late Flavian to Antonine

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: Deneauve 1969, no. 890, pl. 81 (fr.); Bailey BM II, p. 62, Q 1320, pl. 71, fig. 66 (with further refs.); Bussière 2000, no. 2705, pl. 71, decor II.f.2.(1) (with further refs.); Rivet 2003, p. 158, no. 299; Kunst der Antike 9, no. 260 (Bussière D III 2).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

346

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.97

Dimensions: L: 11.7 cm; W: 8.5 cm; H: 2.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR8/2 pinkish white, mottled glaze mostly 5YR6/6 reddish yellow.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII b; square panel on each shoulder. Filling-hole slightly above center. Small air hole in discus, facing nozzle. Nozzle form Bus. 4h. Base-ring marked off by two circular grooves. Potter’s incuse signature L.MVNPHILE, Italic workshop, possibly with African branches, active in the Late Flavian to Hadrianic period.

Discus Iconography: Two gladiators in combat; Samnite at left behind a large rectangular shield, wearing a crested helmet but no greaves, his sword arm protected by binding (manica); his adversary, a hoplomachus, behind a smaller rectangular shield, is also wearing crested helmet, greaves, and protective binding on sword arm.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bailey P group iii; Bussière form D III 2

Date: Late Flavian to Hadrianic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Southern Anatolia

Parallels: (Close) Gualandi Genito 1977, no. 283, pl. 39 (Loeschcke type V); Bailey BM II, p. 52, Q 960, pl. 21, fig. 55, with gladiators’ names in tabula ansata (with further refs.).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

347

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.255

Dimensions: L: 9.8 cm; W: 7.7 cm; H: 2.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Handle restored. Clay 5YR6/6 reddish yellow, worn glaze 2.5YR5/4 reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with two grooves. Sloping shoulder with ovolos; square shoulder-panels, closer to nozzle than to handle; shoulder separated from discus by a ridge continuing to nozzle, leaving a broad channel between discus and wick-hole; inner narrower ridge marked off by two grooves. Concave discus. Filling-hole off center. Small air hole facing nozzle channel. Nozzle form Bus. 5. Base-ring marked off by two circular grooves. Potter’s incuse signature: SERGPRIM, Italic workshop active first half of second century A.D.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D IV

Date: First half of second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: Bussière 2000, no. 2751, pl. 74 (SERPRIM) (Portus Magnus, Algeria); Bussière and Rivel 2012, no. 196 (Tunisia).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

348

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.391.2

Dimensions: L: 9.8 cm; W: 7.1 cm; H: 2.9 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact; overpaint on top. Clay 10R5/8 red, uneven remains of glaze 2.5YR6/8 light red.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on both upper and lower parts. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VIII b, with a row of closely spaced ovolos. Shoulder separated from discus by a herringbone ridge between two grooves. Filling-hole in left part, with traces of corrosion from lost iron wick-nail. Small air hole in lower part. Nozzle form Bus. 4a. Base-ring marked off by two circular grooves.

Discus Iconography: Bust of Serapis to left, wearing modius; scepter at right.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 1

Date: Late second to early third century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Greece

Parallels: (Close) Deneauve 1969, no. 823, pl. 76 (EXOFMAVRICI); Bussière 2000, p. 169, no. 3125, pl. 85, decor I.c.1.(1) (with further refs.); Gorny and Mosch 2007a, p. 184, lot 494 (signed POMPO); cat. 315 and cat. 316.

Provenance: – 1983, Robert L. Lawson, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

349

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.153

Dimensions: L: 10.0 cm; W: 7.9 cm; H: 2.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR6/6 reddish yellow, worn glaze varying between 2.5YR6/6 light red and 2.5YR5/6 red. Mica.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with three grooves on upper part. Flat shoulder, separated from discus by a flat-topped ridge marked off by two grooves and interrupted by a very narrow channel facing nozzle top; the two extremities of the ridge curl outward at channel; small rectangular panel on each side of shoulder. Ridge marked off by two grooves surrounding slightly concave discus with central filling-hole. Slit air hole facing nozzle. Small rounded nozzle form Bus. 9e encroaching upon shoulder. Base marked off by one circular groove; plain planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: Three different theater masks evenly distributed on flat upper part of discus.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; eastern Mediterranean imitation of Broneer XXVII D

Date: Second half of second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: (Very close, with Asia Minor links) Griepentrog 1986, nos. 1–2 (ΠEI/OY), nos. 4–6, pl. 30 (plain planta pedis); Hübinger 1993, p. 118, no. 219, pl. 28 (with further refs.); Bussière and Rivel 2012, no. 195; cat. 350. (Related: Corinthian lamps, basis for the Asia Minor imitation) Broneer 1930, p. 205, no. 702, pl. 12; Bailey BM III, p. 404, Q 3242–3243, pl. 116 (Corfu[?]); Mlasowsky 1993, p. 217, no. 206, and maybe also Böttger 2002, p. 90, no. 39, pl. 3 (Athens, fr.).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

Discussion: The decor of three masks distributed on discus in fact goes back to the Italian predecessors of Broneer XXVII D: e.g., Bailey BM II, p. 63, Q 1326, pl. 72, fig. 67 (LMVNPHILE).

350

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.179

Dimensions: L: 9.5 cm; W: 7.4 cm; H: 3.0 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 2.5YR6/4 light reddish brown, glaze 2.5YR5/6 red.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Pierced ring handle with three grooves on upper part. Deep body. Flat shoulder, separated from discus by a flat-topped ridge marked off by two grooves and interrupted by a short channel between discus and nozzle; small rectangular panel on each side of shoulder. Ridge marked off by two grooves surrounding slightly concave discus. Central filling-hole. Small air hole in discus, facing nozzle. Small rounded nozzle encroaching on shoulder, close to form Bus. 4g. Base marked off by one circular groove. Plain planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: Three identical theater masks evenly spaced in flat upper half of discus.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Broneer XXVII C

Date: Second half of second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: See cat. 349.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

Discussion: The masks on the discus are not identical to those on cat. 349: the right one there has long locks of hair on each side of the head.

351

Inventory Number: 81.AQ.112.7

Dimensions: L: 8.9 cm; W: 7.1 cm; H: 2.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Burn marks on nozzle. Clay 10YR7/3 very pale brown, very few traces of glaze 10YR5/3 brown.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with three grooves on upper part. Flat shoulder, separated from discus by a flat-topped ridge marked off by two grooves and interrupted by a narrow channel between discus and nozzle; small rectangular panel on each side of shoulder. Slightly raised ridge surrounding central filling-hole. Small air hole in low part of discus. Small rounded nozzle encroaching upon shoulder, close to form Bus. 4g. Base marked off by one circular indistinct groove.

Discus Iconography: Three blurred identical theater masks evenly spread on flat upper half of discus.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Broneer XXVII C

Date: Late second into early third century(?)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: See cat. 349 with refs.

Provenance: – 1981, Robert L. Lawson, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1981.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

352

Inventory Number: 81.AQ.112.8

Dimensions: L: 9.5 cm; W: 7.0 cm; H: 2.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Burn marks on nozzle and left side. Clay near 7.5YR8/2 pinkish white, glaze unevenly worn, mostly 2.5YR6.6 light red; parts burned dark near 5YR4/2 dark reddish gray. Powdery gold mica.

Description:
Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with three grooves on upper part. Flat shoulder, separated from discus by a flat raised band marked off by two grooves and interrupted by a short wide channel between discus and nozzle; rectangular panel on each side of shoulder; crude vine and bunch of grapes on upper shoulder between panels and handle; the two extremities of the ridge curl outward at the channel; incised circle on each side of handle and on each side of nozzle channel; another on the left shoulder close to nozzle. Two concentric ridges descending toward the central filling-hole. Small air hole in lower field. Heart-shaped nozzle encroaching upon shoulder, close to Bus. 4.3.[1] Base-ring marked off by two deep circular grooves; incuse plain planta pedis in center.

1. Despite its heart-shaped nozzle, this lamp is not placed with other lamps with similar nozzles, but rather, here, close to lamps it resembles in terms of its discus decor, its shape, and the presence of the two rectangular panels on the shoulders, which belong to Broneer type XXVII.↩

Discus Iconography: Three identical worn theater masks evenly spaced in upper half of concave discus, the heads overlapping the ridges.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Broneer XXVII C

Date: Early third century A.D.(?)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor?

Parallels: None found; see cats. 349–51 for related decor.

Provenance: – 1981, Robert L. Lawson, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1981.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

353

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.536

Dimensions: L: 8.7 cm; W: 6.8 cm; H: 2.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Hairline crack over upper discus’s left and right shoulders. Clay near 2.5YR6/6 light red, glaze mostly 2.5YR6/4 light reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Solid handle with two grooves on both upper and lower parts. Flat shoulder with a row of small ovolos; rectangular panel on each side; shoulder separated from discus by a circular narrow band marked off by two grooves. Filling-hole in upper field. Air hole facing kite-shaped nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Erotic scene. Nude man at right lying on bed; woman to left on top of him, her right elbow resting on a cushion, supporting her head; her left outstretched arm touches the man’s shoulder. Three or four objects below the bed, a cup and an oenochoë among them.

Type: Broneer XXVII C

Date: Late second into third century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Unknown

Parallels: For a non-Corinthian, slightly later, roughly drawn and glazed copy of the same discus composition, see Heimerl 2001, pp. 176–77, no. 994, pl. 21. Numerous near-variations exist in different media in the Roman world; see, for instance, Clarke 1998, especially pp. 250–54 for lamps.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Galerie Günter Puhze 1983, no. 243.

354

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.394

Dimensions: L: 9.5 cm; W: 7.5 cm; H: 2.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR7/4 pink, thin uneven glaze 2.5YR6/4 light reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Solid round vertical handle with two grooves on upper part. Flat shoulder with a row of ovolos and a panel on each side; shoulder separated from discus by a circular ridge marked off by two grooves. Filling-hole in upper left part. Kite-shaped nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Erotic scene. Nude woman crouching down, copulating with a horse or a donkey lying on its back under her.

Type: Broneer XXVII C

Date: Late second into third century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: Bruneau 1965, pp. 349–57; Bruneau 1977, p. 267, fig. 12 (Corinth Museum), and a detailed study with further refs. pp. 265–71; a bone tessera (game piece) with similar decor found in 2008 in Fréjus (France), will be published by Y. Lemoine.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

Discussion: In spite of clear echoes of Corinthian type XXVII lamps (side panels, ovolo rim, kite nozzles, and erotic theme), its transfer to the eastern Mediterranean has dropped the pierced handle and the bottom signature.

355

Inventory Number: 75.AQ.31

Dimensions: Max. pres. L: 5 cm; max. pres. W: 6.7

Condition and Fabric: Discus fr. Clay 5YR6/6 reddish yellow, same color glaze.

Description: Moldmade, with a large thumbprint in the clay to the right of the filling-hole on the inside. Athenian production. Shoulder-pattern, Perlzweig 1961, no. 11, pl. 51 (incised trefoil and reel). Shoulder separated from discus by a raised band, marked off by two incised circles. Filling-hole in upper right field.

Discus Iconography: Erotic scene. A woman to right on a bed, copulating with a horse upright on its hind legs.

Type: Broneer XXVIII

Date: Late third into early fourth century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Athens (Greece)

Parallels: (Predominantly with different rims) Waldhauer 1914, p. 63, no. 495, pl. 47 (fr.); Broneer 1930, p. 257, nos. 1201–2, fig. 182; Libertini 1930, p. 278, no. 1333, pl. 125; Haken 1958, pp. 93–94, no. 96, pl. 13; Perlzweig 1961, p. 123, nos. 831–33 (pl. 18); Chrzanovski and Zhuravlev 1998, pp. 121–25, no. 67 (with further refs.); Böttger 2002, pp. 148–50, nos. 1275–1308, pls. 27–28. The subject matter has links to Corinthian lamps, see refs. for cat. 354.

Provenance: – 1975, Dr. Fred Bromberg and Virginia M. Bromberg (Bay Shore, New York), donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1975.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

356

Inventory Number: 75.AQ.30

Dimensions: Max. pres. L: 5.8 cm; max. pres. W: 4.9

Condition and Fabric: Discus fr. restored from two parts. Clay 5YR7/4–6/4 between pink and light reddish brown, glaze 10R6/6 light red.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Fingerprint visible in the clay on the inside. Athenian production.

Discus Iconography: Erotic scene. At right, man half lying on a bed, woman at left, crouching on top of him, holding her hands on her stomach.

Type: Broneer XXVIII

Date: Third century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Athens (Greece)

Parallels: (Identical) Böttger 2002, pp. 148–50, nos. 1135–79, pls. 25–26 (woman’s right arm is not held on the body as it is here, i.e., the lamp is from a different mold series); (close) Haken 1958, nos. 93 and 97, pl. 13 (Athens); Perlzweig 1961, p. 122, no. 823, pl. 18, and nos. 824–26; Slane 1990, p. 33, no. 45, pl. 4; all the examples from the Athenian Kerameikos have the same shoulder decor (when preserved): trefoil and reel (see cat. 355). Of the many recurring erotic scenes in the Athenian repertory, this distinct type is called “symplegma with canopy.”

Provenance: – 1975, Dr. Fred Bromberg and Virginia M. Bromberg (Bay Shore, New York), donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1975.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

357

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.391.12

Dimensions: L: 9.3 cm; W: 6.5 cm; H: 2.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Small sample of clay has been removed from handle for analysis; otherwise intact. Clay 7.5YR8/2 pinkish white, mottled glaze originally 10R6/6 red; several darker areas.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Outward-sloping plain shoulder, separated from discus by ridge between two circular grooves. One additional circular groove in middle of concave discus. Central filling-hole. Heart-shaped nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D IX

Date: Late Flavian to early Antonine period

Place of Manufacture or Origin: El Djem (Tunisia)

Parallels: Bussière and Rivel 2012, no. 202.

Provenance: – 1983, Robert L. Lawson, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

358

Inventory Number: 83.AK.438.418

Dimensions: L: 13.0 cm; W: 9.6 cm; H: 3.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR7/3 very pale brown, glaze 10YR6/4 light yellowish brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Outward-sloping shoulder, separated from discus by a ridge marked off by two circular grooves and an additional inner ridge. Heart-shaped nozzle; burn marks. Base-ring marked off by two circular grooves.

Discus Iconography: Leda and the swan embracing and kissing. Leda, to right grasped by swan with spreading wings; small Cupid at left.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D IX

Date: Second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Tunisia

Parallels: (Identical) Bailey BM II, p. 329, Q 1304, pl. 69; (close) Gualandi Genito 1977, no. 216, pl. 32 (Loeschcke IV); (Cupid lacking) Mlasowsky 1993, p. 109, nos. 90–91.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

359

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.465

Dimensions: L: 13.1 cm; W: 10.5 cm; H: 3.2 cm

Condition and Fabric: A few chips. Clay 7.5YR7/2 pinkish gray, vitreous glaze near GLEY 1 near 5G5/2 grayish green (although more intensely green).

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with three grooves on upper part. Shoulder separated from discus by a molding consisting of one ridge and three inner descending grooves; voluted ear handles on opposite sides of shoulder, each ending in two short descending ridges on the side of the lamp. Central filling-hole. Heart-shaped nozzle. Slightly raised base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature in small capital letters: AVFIFRON, African workshop active mid-second century A.D.

Discus Iconography: Four incised leaves symmetrically placed in cross-shape.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D IX

Date: Mid-second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Mainz (Germany)

Parallels: (Close, but with six leaves) Menzel 1954, p. 50, no. 269, fig. 19.7; Rosenthal and Sivan 1978, p. 42, no. 168 (no vitreous glaze); Zaccaria Ruggiu 1980, p. 103, no. 159 (no vitreous glaze). For same ear handles, see Bussière 2000, no. 2995, pl. 81.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

360

Inventory Number: 81.AQ.112.13

Dimensions: L: 7.8 cm; W: 5.4 cm; H: 2.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Part of discus broken and restored. Clay near 5YR7/6 reddish yellow, a few remains of glaze varying between 10R6/6 light red and 10R5/6 red. Incrustation all over.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Flat shoulder with a row of ovolos, separated from the discus by a molding consisting of two ridges and two circular grooves. Almost central filling-hole. Heart-shaped nozzle. Base-ring marked off by two circular grooves.

Discus Iconography: Dolphin to right with curled-up splayed tail; trident behind it at right.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 1a

Date: Second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Italy

Parallels: (Close) Bussière 2000, p. 326, no. 2447, pl. 67, and p. 200, decor III.a.9.(8).

Provenance: – 1981, Robert L. Lawson; donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1981.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

361

Inventory Number: 81.AQ.38.5

Dimensions: L: 10.3 cm; W: 7.2 cm; H: 2.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR7/4 pink, glaze 2.5YR6/8 light red.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a with a row of ovolos. Filling-hole in upper right field with trace of iron corrosion. Air hole in lower part. Heart-shaped nozzle Bus. form 10c. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: At left, Anubis to left holding caduceus; at right, Isis with basileion on her head; both richly draped and turning their heads to right.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 1a

Date: A.D. 175–225

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Tunisia

Parallels: (Identical) Deneauve 1969, no. 904, pl. 82 (CHELIAN), published in LIMC 5.1, p. 774, no. 187a, s.v. Isis, illustrated in LIMC 5.2, p. 511; Bémont and Chew 2007, pp. 330, 503, pl. 78, AF 15 (from North Africa).

Provenance: – 1981, William L. Eagleton, Jr., American, 1926–2011, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1981.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

362

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.292

Dimensions: L: 10.6 cm; W: 8.1 cm; H: 2.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Some cracks on discus and sides. Clay 10YR7/3 very pale brown, uneven remains of glaze 7.5YR4/2 dark brown.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VIII b with a row of double ovolos, separated from discus by a thin herringbone cord. Flat-bottomed discus with some trace of iron corrosion near central filling-hole. Small air hole in lower field. Heart-shaped nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: QNVMICEL, Italic workshop active Late Flavian to Hadrianic.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 1a

Date: Hadrianic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

363

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.224

Dimensions: L: 10.6 cm; W: 8.4 cm; H: 2.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR8/4 pink, uneven glaze varying between 10YR5/2 grayish brown and 10YR4/2 dark grayish brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Slightly outward-sloping shoulder with a row of double-ovolos, separated from discus by a ridge marked off by two circular grooves. Filling-hole in left field with traces of iron corrosion from lost wick-nail. Unpierced air hole on shoulder above nozzle. Heart-shaped nozzle. Base marked off by three circular grooves.

Discus Iconography: Apollo seated to right on a stool playing kithara.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 1a

Date: Second half of second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

364

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.244

Dimensions: L: 11.5 cm; W: 8.2 cm; H: 2.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, glaze varying between 2.5YR6/6 light red and 5YR4/2 weak red, of brownish shade.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder with a row of double-ovolos, separated from discus by an outer ridge and an inner narrower one marked off by two grooves. Filling-hole and air hole in lower part of discus. Heart-shaped nozzle; underneath, a band of tongues between two twisted cords. Flat base, demarcated by a band marked off by two grooves with three incised ovo-patterns; two additional inner circles. Signature: PVLL/AENO/RV, African workshop active during Late Antonine and Severan periods.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Europa on bull (Jupiter) rushing to right.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 1a

Date: Late Antonine to Severan

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: (Close) Cologne Museum, Wollmann Collection, inv. no. W 659.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

365

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.230

Dimensions: L: 10.5 cm; W: 7.6 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR7/2 light gray, unevenly preserved glaze mostly 5YR4/2 dark reddish gray.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VIII b, with a row of double ovolos. Almost central filling-hole. Air hole facing the heart-shaped nozzle. Underneath, a row of small dotted circles. Base with a band marked off by two circular grooves and a narrow additional inner one; within this band three evenly spaced incised ovo-patterns; small dotted circle toward the nozzle.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Amphitheater scene: lion running to right with a long spear through its throat; man below wearing a tunic and holding an unidentified object in his right hand; oddly represented horizontally, the man is in fact standing and seems unharmed.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 1c

Date: Antonine to Severan

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

Discussion: The ovo-pattern is common on bases of African lamps dated A.D. 170–230.

366

Inventory Number: 81.AQ.38.3

Dimensions: L: 10.8 cm; W: 7.6 cm; H: 2.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay near 5YR6/4 light reddish brown, mostly same color glaze; darker burned(?) areas on bottom.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part and one on lower. Shoulder with a row of ovolos, separated from discus by a braided ridge marked off by two circular grooves. Filling-hole and air hole in lower field. Heart-shaped nozzle; below it two striated bands between two twisted cords. Base-ring marked off by two circular grooves.

Discus Iconography: Amphitheater scene: big lion at left, with its right claw striking a fallen man whose raised right leg seems to be chained to a pole, which he is grasping.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 1c

Date: Antonine to Severan

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Tunisia

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: – 1981, William L. Eagleton, Jr., American, 1926–2011, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1981.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

367

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.472

Dimensions: L: 14.5 cm; W: 10.2 cm; H: 3.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR6/2 pinkish gray, scant remains of glaze 10YR4/2 dark grayish brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with two grooves on both upper and lower parts. Shoulder with a row of medium-sized double ovolos, separated from discus by a twisted cord marked off by two circular grooves. Deep basin. Filling-hole slightly below center. Small air hole on shoulder, facing the heart-shaped nozzle; below, a band of eight tongues. Base-ring marked off by two circular grooves and an additional inner circle. Workshop mark: three vertical palm branches hanging from a horizontal line.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Bull standing to left on groundline, head frontal.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 1c

Date: Antonine to Severan

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

368

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.240

Dimensions: L: 11.3 cm; W: 8.5 cm; H: 3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay near 5YR6/4 light reddish brown, glaze mostly 5YR6/6 reddish yellow.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with three grooves on upper and lower part. Deep body. Shoulder with closely spaced tongues, separated from discus by two circular grooves. Filling-hole slightly left of center. Unpierced air hole in lower field. Heart-shaped nozzle; below, striated band between two twisted cords. Rounded raised base-ring marked off by two circular grooves and a second thin inner circular ridge; small dotted circle in center.

Discus Iconography: Apollo, nude, driving his chariot to right drawn by two griffins.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 1c

Date: Antonine to Severan

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: (Identical) Deneauve 1969, no. 932, pl. 85; Bussière 2000, p. 351, no. 3179, pl. 86, and p. 153, decor I.a.4.(2) (with further refs.); Bémont and Chew 2007, pp. 331, 504, AF 19; (close) Kunst der Antike 13, no. 152.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

369

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.204

Dimensions: L: 10.5 cm; W: 8.0 cm; H: 2.4 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 2.5YR7/3 light reddish brown, mottled glaze varying between 7.5YR5/2 brown and 5YR6/6 reddish yellow.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with two grooves on both upper and lower parts. Shoulder flat: outer part plain, inner with a row of raised tongues, separated from discus by a thin twisted cord marked off by two circular grooves. Filling-hole in upper right field. Air hole in discus, facing nozzle. Heart-shaped nozzle; below, a band of tongues between two twisted cords. Flat base with three bands marked off by circular grooves. The two outside bands are of the same width, the outer is decorated with symmetrically repeated, incised ovo-patterns, the inner with a row of small dotted circles. The innermost band is plain and narrower. In the central area of the base one small dotted circle.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Mercury wearing his winged cap galloping to left on a woolly ram, caduceus in left arm, purse in right hand, drapery flowing behind.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 1c

Date: Antonine to Severan

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Kunst der Antike 14, no. 158. For the same theme treated differently, see Di Filippo Balestrazzi 1988, vol. 2.2, decor I.a.4.(2); Bussière 2000, decor 1.a.6.(5). For the same motif on a Greek vase, see Rohde 1990, no. F 2727, pl. 27, different treatment.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

370

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.201

Dimensions: L: 10.3 cm; W: 7.8 cm; H: 2.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR7/4 very pale brown, thin worn glaze 7.5YR6/4 light brown.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on both upper and lower parts. Shoulder with a row of raised tongues, separated from discus by a narrow ridge marked off by two circular grooves. Filling-hole slightly left of center. Air hole in lower field. Heart-shaped nozzle; under it a band of eight tongues. On the base, a wide band marked off by two grooves, accompanied by a third thin inner ridge; on this band four small dotted circles evenly spaced; a fifth small circle in the center of the base.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Bacchus standing frontally, looking to left, picking grapes from a vine at far left; his left arm is around the shoulder of a youth with thyrsus at right; both are nude.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 1c

Date: Antonine to Severan

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: (Very close) Deneauve 1969, no. 928, pl. 34; Djuric 1995, p. 50, no. C 140.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

371

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.323

Dimensions: L: 12.0 cm; W: 8.6 cm; H: 3.2 cm

Condition and Fabric: Thin crack on discus and nozzle. Clay 5YR7/4 pink, uneven remains of glaze 10R5/6 red.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Solid round ring handle. Blurred shoulder with a row of raised tongues, separated from discus by a thin twisted cord marked off by two circular grooves. Same-sized filling-hole and air hole on discus. Heart-shaped nozzle. Raised rounded base-ring, within which are fifteen rays forming a star-pattern.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Meleager and the Calydonian boar. The nude Meleager is spearing the boar hiding under a tree on the right; only its forequarters are visible.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 1c

Date: Antonine to Severan

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Ennabli, Salomonson, and Mahjoubi 1973, no. 286, pl. 21, type 12, series 6 (Raqqada); (close for discus decor but left profile) Kunst der Antike 14, no. 159; Bochum Museum, Schüller Collection, cat. no. 295, S 373 (Tunisia); cat. 372.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

372

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.351

Dimensions: L: 10.7 cm; W: 8.4 cm; H: 3.2 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay near 7.5YR7/4 pink, glaze 2.5YR6/6 light red.

Description: Moldmade. Solid round handle. Shoulder with a row of long ovolos, separated from discus by a thin twisted cord marked off by two circular grooves. Filling-hole slightly above center, with traces of iron corrosion. Air hole in lower field. Heart-shaped nozzle. Raised rounded base-ring; within it fourteen radiating lines form a star-pattern.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Meleager and the Calydonian boar. Meleager at left, nude except for a hat and a mantle fastened over his shoulders, is charging with a spear; boar at right is hiding under a tree, only its forequarters are visible.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 1c

Date: Antonine to Severan

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Tunisia

Parallels: Ennabli, Salomonson, and Mahjoubi 1973, no. 286, type 12, series 6, pl. 21 (Raqqada); cat. 371.

Provenance: – 1983, William L. Eagleton, Jr., American, 1926–2011, and Kay Eagleton, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

373

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.222

Dimensions: L: 11.0 cm; W: 8.3 cm; H: 2.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR7/3 pink, glaze 10R5/8 red.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper and lower parts. Shoulder with a row of raised tongues, separated from discus by a thin twisted cord marked off by two circular grooves. Filling-hole in upper left field, air hole in lower field. Heart-shaped nozzle; underneath, a band of tongues between two curved lines. Flat base with a band marked off by two circular grooves and an additional inner circle; the band has three pairs of small dotted circles, probably ovo motifs.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Diana galloping to right on a stag, pulling an arrow out of her quiver.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 1c

Date: Antonine to Severan

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: (Close) Deneauve 1969, no. 835, pl. 77 (PVLLAEN), and no. 922, pl. 34 (CAPRARI); Svoboda 2006, p. 62, no. 99; Bonifay 2004a, p. 327, no. 11, fig. 183 (LVCCEI) (Pupput); Kunst der Antike 11, no. 238.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

374

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.217

Dimensions: L: 11.8 cm; W: 8.2 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay near 5YR7/6 reddish yellow, glaze 2.5YR5/8 red.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on each part. Flat shoulder with a band of tightly placed raised tongues, separated from discus by a thin herringbone ridge marked off by two circular grooves. Filling-hole in lower left. Air hole at bottom of discus. Heart-shaped nozzle top framed by a herringbone ridge, giving the nozzle an unusual rectangular form; flanking the nozzle, two volute-knobs with a small circle impressed on each. Base surrounded by a narrow band demarcated by two grooves. On the band six pairs of small circles; inside this band, three vertical palm branches hanging from horizontal line: a well-known African workshop mark. See cat. 367 for the same mark.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Bust of bearded Serapis to left wearing a calathus, head surrounded by five long rays; scepter behind left shoulder.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 1c

Date: Antonine to Severan

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Ennabli, Salomonson, and Mahjoubi 1973, no. 286, pl. 21, type 12, series 6 (Raqqada); Bussière 2000, no. 3125, pl. 85 (fairly close lamp, except for the absence of rays and of a rectangular ridge on the heart-shaped nozzle).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

Discussion: Serapis busts are common on African lamps; for Algeria alone, see Bussière 2000, nos. 3132, 3201, 3270, 3517, and 3683, all dated to the same period: A.D. 150–235.

375

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.184

Dimensions: L: 10.1 cm; W: 7.3 cm; H: 2.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR7/3 very pale brown, glaze 7.5YR6/4 light brown.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder with closely spaced outward-slanted rays, separated from discus by two circular grooves. Filling-hole in upper right field. Air hole in lower. Heart-shaped nozzle. Base-ring marked off by two circular grooves; two additional interior rings. Potter’s incised signature: AVGVS/TIANI, African workshop active A.D. 175–225.

Discus Iconography: Protome of lion to right.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 2b

Date: Antonine to Severan

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: (Identical) Kricheldorf 1962, no. 231, pl. 27; Deneauve 1969, no. 921, pl. 34 (PVLLAENI); Joly 1974, no. 1280, pl. 54; Palanques 1992, no. 655, pl. 25; Bussière 2000, no. 3273, pl. 90, decor III.1.(11) (with further refs.).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

376

Inventory Number: 79.AQ.28.5

Dimensions: L: 10.4 cm; W: 7.7 cm; H: 2.9 cm

Condition and Fabric: Slight crack above nozzle. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, worn glaze mostly 7.5YR5/2 brown.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on both upper and lower parts. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a, with a laurel-wreath decor of leaves and berries. Filling-hole slightly right above center. Air hole in lower field. Heart-shaped nozzle. Raised base-ring marked off by two grooves (decorated with three ovo-patterns); two additional inner circles.

Discus Iconography: Hippocamp, mythic sea creature with the head of a horse and the twisted tail of a fish, rushing left.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 4a

Date: A.D. 175–225

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Tunisia

Parallels: Cat. 377.

Provenance: – 1979, William L. Eagleton, Jr., American, 1926–2011, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1979.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

377

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.237

Dimensions: L: 10.5 cm; W: 7.8 cm; H: 2.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR8/4 very pale brown, uneven remains of glaze 10YR5/3 brown.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on both upper and lower parts. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a, with laurel wreath and berries. Central filling-hole with traces of corroded iron wick-nail. Air hole facing nozzle. Heart-shaped nozzle. Raised base-ring marked off by two grooves, inside two additional thin grooves; ovo-patterns on base-ring.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Hippocamp, mythic sea creature with the head of a horse and the twisted tail of a fish, rushing left.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 4a

Date: Ca. A.D. 175–225

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Same discus theme treated differently: Bussière 2000, no. 2139, pl. 60; cat. 376.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

378

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.228

Dimensions: L: 12.3 cm; W: 8.5 cm; H: 3.0 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR6/4 light brown, glaze near 10YR7/4 very pale brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Unpierced ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VIII a, with laurel-wreath decor. Sunken discus with central boss pierced by filling-hole. Big air hole at right. Heart-shaped nozzle. Flat raised base-ring. Potter’s incuse signature: AVGENDI, African workshop active A.D. 175–225; under signature, small dotted circle surrounded by four dots.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Plain central boss.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 4a

Date: Ca. A.D. 175–225

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Bussière 2000, no. 3346, pl. 92; Bonifay 2004a, p. 328, no. 3, fig. 184 (AVGENDI, from Pupput).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

379

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.259

Dimensions: L: 11.2 cm; W: 8.4 cm; H: 3.0 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR7/4 pink, glaze 5YR6/6 reddish yellow.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on both upper and lower parts. Shoulder: laurel-wreath decor separated from discus by two narrow ridges marked off by grooves. Radial band on the inward-sloping wall of discus. Central striated boss pierced by filling-hole. Air hole in left field. Heart-shaped nozzle. Flat raised base-ring marked off by two circular grooves; an additional inner circle. Potter’s incuse signature: PVLL/AENI.

Discus Iconography: Band of rays.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 4a

Date: Ca. A.D. 175–225

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Brants 1913, no. 991, pl. 6 (Tunisia); Ponsich 1961, no. 324, pl. 24 (AVGEN), and no. 344, pl. 25 (LASCIVI); Kricheldorf 1962, no. 233, pl. 27 (MAVRICI); Deneauve 1969, no. 1005, pl. 91 (LVCCEI); Ennabli, Salomonson, and Mahjoubi 1973, no. 29, pl. 16, no. 68, pl. 17, and no. C 2, pl. 36 (Raqqada); Joly, Garraffo, and Mandruzzato 1992, p. 151, nos. L 32–L 34, figs. 43–45; Bailey 1997, nos. 3-88 and 3-89; Bussière 2000, nos. 3321–83 (EXOFVIC/TORIS) (LVCC/EI) (VIS) (VICT/ORINI) (PVLL/AENI) (AVGENDI); Ben Abed Ben Khader and Griesheimer 2004, p. 35, no. 31, fig. 13 (Pupput); Bonifay 2004b, no. 1 (Pupput) and no. 9 (Carthage), fig. 184; Casas Genover and Soler Fusté 2006, nos. G 1213–G 1215, pl. 81; Bussière and Rivel 2012, no. 215.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

380

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.278

Dimensions: L: 10.5 cm; W: 7.8 cm; H: 3.1 cm

Condition and Fabric: Crack on right shoulder. Clay near 5YR7/6 reddish yellow, glaze 5YR5/6 yellowish red.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VIII b, with laurel wreath. Inward-sloping wall of discus. Central boss pierced by filling-hole. Big air hole close to it at right. Heart-shaped nozzle. Inscription in relief letters on sides of basin: EXOFICINA RO(-)YTI; letter before last I is a capital T upside-down; missing letter may be a C. Raised base-ring.

Discus Iconography: Raised zigzag design.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 4a

Date: Ca. A.D. 175–225

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: None found with zigzag line on discus.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

381

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.178

Dimensions: L: 10.0 cm; W: 7.8 cm; H: 2.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR7/2 pinkish gray, glaze 5YR6/3 light reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part and one on lower. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a, with laurel wreath, leaves, and berries. Filling-hole in upper left field with portion of corroded iron wick-nail. Air hole facing nozzle. Heart-shaped nozzle; underside with a striated band between two cords. Raised rounded base-ring marked off by two circular grooves. Potter’s incuse signature: EXOFI/CINA/KAPITO/NIS, African workshop of Severan times.

Discus Iconography: Bust of satyr to left, holding thyrsus and blowing flute; deer skin(?) over shoulder.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 4b

Date: A.D. 225–250

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: (Identical) Deneauve 1969, no. 946, pl. 86; Bussière 2000, p. 358, nos. 3414–15, pl. 93, decor I.a.10 (26) (with further refs.).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

382

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.216

Dimensions: L: 10.9 cm; W: 7.8 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR7/4 very pale brown, mottled glaze mostly 10YR5/3 brown.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a, with knotted laurel-wreath decor. Filling-hole with iron corrosion in lower left field. Air hole in lower field, opposite nozzle. Heart-shaped nozzle. Slightly raised rounded base-ring marked off by two circular grooves, an additional thinner ridge, and an inner wider band.

Discus Iconography: Majestic bare-chested, bearded figure, standing frontal, looking left, himation wrapped around his waist and over his left shoulder; he is holding a cylindrical object (a scroll[?]) over a lit altar.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 4b

Date: Ca. A.D. 225–250

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Bussière 2000, no. 3439, pl. 94, decor II.a.3.(29); Gorny and Mosch 2007b, p. 182, lot 491.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

383

Inventory Number: 81.AQ.38.6

Dimensions: L: 10.7 cm; W: 8.5 cm; H: 2.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: Ring handle half broken off; small chip on discus. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, worn glaze near 5YR6/6 reddish yellow.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with two grooves on both upper and lower parts. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a, with knotted laurel-wreath decor. Filling-hole slightly to right of center. Air hole in lower field. Heart-shaped nozzle with burn marks; underneath, a row of tongues between two twisted cords. Raised base-ring; at midwidth of the base, a circular ridge marked off by two grooves.

Discus Iconography: Ship with a ram under its prow, moving to right, sail hoisted; six oars and side rudder are indicated; stern has the standard swan’s-head ornament.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 4b

Date: Ca. A.D. 225–250

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Tunisia

Parallels: (Identical) Deneauve 1969, no. 929, pl. 34, and (different shoulder) no. 947, pl. 86.

Provenance: – 1981, William L. Eagleton, Jr., American, 1926–2011, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1981.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

384

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.242

Dimensions: L: 12.2 cm; W: 8.6 cm; H: 3.0 cm

Condition and Fabric: Several cracks on base, right lower discus, and shoulder; small fr. missing at nozzle. Clay 7.5YR6/4 light brown, glaze mostly 7.5YR5/2 brown.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a, with knotted laurel-wreath decor. Nearly central filling-hole with corrosion from an iron wick-nail. Small air hole in lower field. Heart-shaped nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: AVGENDI, African workshop active A.D. 175–225.

Discus Iconography: Winged Cupid seated at the helm of a boat sailing to right, steering with a long oar; swollen sail; waves indicated by curved dotted lines.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 4b

Date: Ca. A.D. 225, at end of Augendi’s activity when the laurel wreath Bussière style 2 starts prevailing over style 1 (A.D. 225–250, cf. Bussière 2000, p. 30)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

385

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.154

Dimensions: L: 11.6 cm; W: 8.4 cm; H: 2.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR6/3 pale brown, uneven glaze 5YR4/1 dark gray.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with two grooves on both upper and lower parts. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VIII b, with knotted laurel-wreath decor. Filling-hole at left, with traces of corroded iron pin. Unpierced air hole in lower field. Heart-shaped nozzle; underneath, a notched band between two cords. Slightly raised base-ring; at middiameter two thin circles; small dotted circle in center.

Discus Iconography: Diana frontal, striding to right, holding a bow and pulling an arrow out of her quiver, mantle flying behind her.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 4b

Date: Ca. A.D. 225–250

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Deneauve 1969, no. 961, pl. 87; Rosenthal and Sivan 1978, p. 44, no. 175; Bussière 2000, p. 358, nos. 3428–34, pl. 94, decor I.a.5(8) (with further refs.).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

386

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.221

Dimensions: L: 10.8 cm; W: 7.8 cm; H: 2.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Clay 5YR6/6 reddish yellow, glaze 2.5YR5/6 red.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Intact. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder near Loeschcke form VIII b, with knotted laurel-wreath decor; ridge with herringbone-pattern separating shoulder from discus. Central filling-hole. Air hole in lower field. Heart-shaped nozzle; above it, raised line with centrally dotted double-circle; under nozzle, a striated band between two curved corded lines. Slightly raised base-ring marked off by two grooves; additional inner circle; at middiameter, two close circles; in intermediate space, four small evenly spaced double circles.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Four unconventionally represented Cupids with short squarish wings, active around an unidentified structure—portico or shop interior(?).

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 4b

Date: Ca. A.D. 225–250

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: (Identical) Bussière 2000, no. 3445, pl. 94, decor II.a.3.(1).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

Discussion:
The structure represented in the discus has different levels marked off by two (three[?]) horizontal lines, possibly representing what might be referred to as “shelves”; on top “shelf” are two more or less vertical, rectangular shapes with rounded top, one in the middle, the other at left: woven baskets(?); on them are seven or eight raised globules arranged within diagonal lines. The interpretation of the shape on the right is uncertain. On the middle “shelf” is a series of five square panels with an X-shaped cross on each. On both “shelves” one can see also a series of small objects, either round or semicircular, three on the lower “shelf,” five on the upper one. One Cupid, standing on a ladder at left, is just placing the fifth one. Another Cupid is seated at right on a high stool in front of some mechanism. In his left hand he has a puzzling curved object containing a well-defined globular form. Two more Cupids, standing in the foreground, are busy passing an object between them.

The scene is so far unexplained, but the interpretation of the two rows of small objects on the shelves might give a possible clue, as well as the activity of the Cupid sitting at right. It would also be interesting to explain the shape under his left foot and the vertical grooves behind. Unfortunately the quality of the copy of this unusual decor is mediocre, and several parts are blurred, for instance, the central part above the filling-hole, where one supposes a third “shelf,” a portion just above the sitting Cupid, and one behind the Cupid standing at left in the foreground.

387

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.198

Dimensions: L: 11.3 cm; W: 7.8 cm; H: 2.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay near 2.5YR5/8 red, glaze same color with a few darker areas.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part, one on lower. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VIII b, with knotted laurel-wreath decor. Filling-hole lower left. Air hole at lower edge of discus. Heart-shaped nozzle; striated band underneath. Circular base with a wide band marked off by two grooves; a third inner narrower one; on the band, three evenly spaced ovo-patterns.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Big bear biting the shoulder of a bestiarius crouching on the ground, hiding his face in his hands; in the foreground a whip, the dying man’s only weapon.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 4b

Date: Ca. A.D. 225–250

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: (Identical) Gorny and Mosch 2006, p. 198, lot 574; for the whip and the man’s garment, see cat. 468, which treats same theme differently.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

388

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.235

Dimensions: L: 10.8 cm; W: 8.4 cm; H: 2.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Several thin cracks on discus, shoulder, and base; possibly restored. Burn marks on the nozzle. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, remains of glaze mostly 7.5YR6/6 red; some tinted overpaint.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with two grooves on upper and lower parts. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a, with knotted laurel-wreath decor. Central filling-hole. Heart-shaped nozzle; underneath, a band with small incuse tongues between two twisted cords. Slightly raised convex base-ring marked off by two circular grooves; small dotted circle in center.

Discus Iconography: Two fighting cocks facing each other, palm branch below, victory wreath above.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 4b

Date: Ca. A.D. 225–250

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

389

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.241

Dimensions: L: 12.2 cm; W: 9.0 cm; H: 3.0 cm

Condition and Fabric: Restored from several frr.; some overpaint on top. Clay 7.5YR7/6 reddish yellow, worn glaze between 10R5/6 and 10R6/6 red to light red.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on both upper and lower parts. Shoulder with scroll of vine-leaves and grapes, separated from discus by a raised ridge marked off by two outside grooves and one inside. Filling-hole slightly above center. Small air hole on edge of discus above nozzle. Heart-shaped nozzle; underneath, a band with tongues between two twisted cords. Base delimited by a band marked off by one exterior groove and two inner ones; within the band three evenly spaced ovo-patterns. Potter’s incuse signature: CPOMPO, Italic workshop active end of second century A.D.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Apollo, with sun rays crowning his head, driving a quadriga to left; his right extended arm is showing direction, his left hand holding a whip; he is wearing a belted, pleated tunic and a mantle floating behind.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 5

Date: Late second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

390

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.231

Dimensions: L: 12.2 cm; W: 8.7 cm; H: 2.0 cm

Condition and Fabric: Some restoration on the right side; some overpaint. Clay near 5YR6/6 reddish yellow, uneven glaze mostly 2.5YR5/6 red.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle. Flat shallow body. Flat shoulder with vine-leaves and grapes, separated from discus by a raised ridge marked off by two grooves. Filling-hole in lower center. Air hole at lower edge of discus. Heart-shaped nozzle. Raised circular base marked off by one groove.

Discus Iconography: Cybele riding on a lion moving to right on articulated groundline.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 5

Date: Second half of second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

391

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.218

Dimensions: L: 11.4 cm; W: 8.5 cm; H: 2.2 cm

Condition and Fabric: Slight crack on nozzle. Clay 2.5YR6/4 light reddish brown, glaze between 10YR5/6 and 10YR5/4 red and weak red.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with two grooves on both parts; lower part ends in a fishtail. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a, decorated with vine-leaves alternating with grapes, in pronounced relief. Filling-hole at left edge of discus. Small air hole in front of nozzle. Heart-shaped nozzle, Bus. form 10c (see fig. 3); underneath, striated band between two curved corded lines. Large base with a circular band marked off by one external and two internal circular grooves; within this band, three evenly spaced ovo-patterns: common on African lamps dated A.D. 170–230 (cf. cats. 365 and 392).

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Winged head of Medusa, snakes tied under her chin.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 5

Date: Ca. A.D. 225–230

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: None found; (close) Bussière 2000, no. 3027, pl. 82, decor 1.d.5.(1); Bonifay 2004a, p. 332, no. A1, fig. 186 (Pupput).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

392

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.352

Dimensions: L: 11.8 cm; W: 8.3 cm; H: 3.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR6/4 light brown, unevenly worn glaze mostly 5YR5/3 reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with two grooves on both upper and lower parts. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a, with vine-leaves alternating with grapes in pronounced relief. Filling-hole with corroded iron wick-nail at right side of discus. Tiny air hole in front of nozzle. Heart-shaped nozzle, Bus. 10c, with burn marks. Base with peripheral band marked off by two circular grooves; an additional inner groove; within the band, three evenly spaced ovo-patterns: common on African lamps dated A.D. 170–230 (see cat. 365 or cat. 391).

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Two winged Cupids on groundline (twisted cord); the left one supporting his visibly tipsy companion, perhaps infant Bacchus holding a big bunch of grapes.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 5

Date: Ca. A.D. 225–230

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Tunisia(?)

Parallels: (Identical) Deneauve 1969, no. 906, pl. 82; Pastorino 1990, no. 28, fig. 7 (EXOF/VIC/TORIS); Palanques 1992, no. 1095, pl. 39; (close) Bussière 2000, p. 355, no. 3296, pl. 91, and p. 163, no. 3297, decor I.b.1 (39) (with further refs.).

Provenance: – 1983, William L. Eagleton, Jr., American, 1926–2011, and Kay Eagleton, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Acquisitions/1983, p. 254, no. 132.

393

Inventory Number: 80.AQ.46.8

Dimensions: L: 10.8 cm; W: 7.7 cm; H: 3.1 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR8/4 pink, worn thin glaze 7.5YR5/4 brown.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on both upper and lower parts. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a, with vine-leaves alternating with grapes in pronounced relief. Filling-hole and tiny air hole in lower field. Heart-shaped nozzle, Bus. 10c. Base-ring marked off by two circular grooves; an additional inner groove. Potter’s incuse signature: CHELIAN, African workshop active A.D. 175–225.

Discus Iconography: Man wearing tunic, mantle, and pointed cap rushing to left, looking back at an angry bear ready to strike him with its claws; the man is holding a round object (a purse[?]).

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 5

Date: Ca. A.D. 225

Place of Manufacture or Origin: None given by Schüller but probably North Africa

Parallels: (Close) Gorny and Mosch 2007b, p. 182, lot 497.

Provenance: – 1980, William L. Eagleton, Jr., American, 1926–2011, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1980.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

394

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.466

Dimensions: L: 11.8 cm; W: 9.1 cm; H: 3.2 cm

Condition and Fabric: Small cracks on discus; small hole on right side of discus. Clay 7.5YR6/4 light brown, glaze 5YR5/6 yellowish red.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with three grooves on both upper and lower parts. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VIII b, with three rows of globules. Filling-hole left of center, with traces of corrosion from former iron wick-nail. Air hole at lower edge of discus, facing nozzle. Heart-shaped nozzle, Bus. 10b; underneath, a row of small tongues between two twisted cords. Flat-topped slightly raised base-ring marked off by two grooves: between them three evenly spaced ovo-patterns: Midway toward center, two further incised circles; one small dotted circle in center.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Bust of bearded Mars, body in frontal view, head to right; wearing crested helmet with visor and cuirass; an arrow behind him.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 6

Date: Ca. A.D. 225–250

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: (Very close) Bussière 2000, p. 363, no. 3574, pl. 99 (the cuirass decor is different), and p. 157, decor I.a.9.(1) (with further refs.).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

395

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.391.5

Dimensions: L: 11.1 cm; W: 8.1 cm; H: 3.2 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact, but underside deformed during production. Surface smudged. Clay 5YR6/6 reddish yellow, mottled glaze mostly 2.5YR5/4 reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with three grooves on upper part. Deep basin, lesser depth toward nozzle. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VIII b, with three rows of beads. Filling-hole slightly left of center. Air hole facing nozzle. Heart-shaped nozzle, Bus. 10b; underneath, striated band between two curved, twisted cords. Flat base-ring marked off by two circular grooves and decorated with three blurred, evenly spaced ovo-motifs; two additional thin inner circles; a small dotted circle in center.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Bust of Mars, body frontal, head to right, wearing a helmet with visor and a cuirass.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 6

Date: Ca. A.D. 225–250

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Unknown

Parallels: (Close) Bussière 2000, p. 363, no. 3574, pl. 99 (different cuirass), p. 157, decor I.a.9.(1) (with further refs.); cat. 394.

Provenance: – 1983, Robert L. Lawson, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

396

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.232

Dimensions: L: 10.7 cm; W: 7.5 cm; H: 2.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: Long crack on top and base; chipped handle. Clay 10YR7/2 light gray, mottled glaze varying between 10YR6/2 light brownish gray and 10YR4/2 dark grayish brown; partly burned(?).

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with three grooves on upper part and one on lower. Shoulder with grapes and tendrils, framed by two ridges. Inner ridge marked off by two grooves. Filling-hole and air hole in lower field. Heart-shaped nozzle, Bus. 10b. Base-ring marked off by two circular grooves; two additional concentric inner circles.

Discus Iconography: Hercules fighting the Hydra of Lerna; in lower right field King Eurystheus hiding in a bronze jar, lifting his arms as if imploring Hercules for help.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 10

Date: Late second to early third century A.D.(?)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Bussière 2000, no. 3541, pl. 98; for the same theme treated differently, see Rodríguez Martín 2002, no. 127, pl. 26 (Loeschcke IV); Pastutmaz-Sevmen 2005, fig. 10 (Loeschcke IV); LIMC 5.2, pp. 55–60, especially nos. 2082–83, s.v. Herakles. For a representation of King Eurystheus hiding in a bronze jar and lifting his arms, see LIMC 5.2, p. 63, s.v. Herakles.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

397

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.227

Dimensions: L: 10.3 cm; W: 7.5 cm; H: 3.0 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR6/4 light brown, glaze 7.5YR5/2 brown.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Deep body. Flat shoulder with slightly raised connected spirals, separated from discus by a molding consisting of three consecutively sinking ridges. Concave discus. Central filling-hole. Small unpierced air hole on molding, facing nozzle. Heart-shaped nozzle. Flat base-ring marked off by two circular grooves. Plain planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 10

Date: Second century A.D.(?)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Bussière 2000, p. 364, no. 3625, pl. 100.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

398

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.234

Dimensions: L: 10.7 cm; W: 7.8 cm; H: 2.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Repair patch on lower right side. Clay 7.5YR8/4 pink, mottled worn glaze mostly 2.5YR6/6 light red.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle bent slightly off axis, with two grooves on upper part, one on lower. Shoulder with outer plain ridge; inside it, six garlands interspersed with dot rosettes, separated from discus by a herringbone ridge. Filling-hole at left. Air hole in lower field. Heart-shaped nozzle with a dotted band below. Raised slightly convex base-ring with four symmetrically placed small dotted circles; one more in center.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Winged Cupid resting on a bed; above, hanging garland similar to those on shoulder; undefined object below.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 10

Date: Late second to early third century A.D.(?)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

399

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.238

Dimensions: L: 12.5 cm; W: 9.5 cm; H: 3.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10R6/6 light red, glaze 10R5/6 red.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with two blurred grooves. Deep body. Narrow flat shoulder with two rows of impressed dots. Filling-hole near center of discus. Air hole on its lower edge. Heart-shaped nozzle, Bus. 10b. Base-ring marked off by two circular grooves.

Discus Iconography: Hippocamp, mythical sea monster to left with a lion’s head, forequarters with claws, and a fishtail.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 10

Date: Third century A.D.(?)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: For the same theme treated in a different way, see Rosenthal and Sivan 1978, p. 44, no. 174 (a Tunisian lamp); Bussière 2000, nos. 3466–68, pl. 95.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

400

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.318

Dimensions: L: 13.2 cm; W: 9.9 cm; H: 3.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact; grayish incrustation on back of lamp and handle. Clay 2.5YR6/6 light red, glaze near 10R5/8 red.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Solid round vertical handle. Shoulder with molding: a convex circular ridge marked off by two grooves and an inner circular ridge. One filling-hole in the upper field, another in the lower right. Heart-shaped nozzle. Raised base-ring with incuse inscription in cursive writing: possibly ANSASIVS(?).

Discus Iconography: Quadriga with charioteer rushing to right.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 10

Date: Late second to early third century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

401

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.391.4

Dimensions: L: 12.1 cm; W: 8.9 cm; H: 5.1 cm

Condition and Fabric: Cracks on lower part of basin. Clay 10YR8/2 white, worn remains of glaze 10YR4/1 dark gray.

Description: Moldmade. Solid vertical handle with two grooves on both upper and lower parts. Shoulder: near Loeschcke VIII b, with angular lines forming coupled triangles. Retrograde molded inscription all around outer part of discus; clockwise from smaller animal: Q V I N T V S I V S P I C T O R E T C E N E N S, which Manzoni Macdonnell 1984, p. 141 interprets as: QUINTVS IVS[TVS] PICTOR ET CEMENS (Quintus Ivstvs, designer and lampmaker), a reading we adopt. Filling-hole to right of center with iron corrosion from wick-nail. Round-tipped nozzle, possibly heart-shaped. Blurred base-ring marked off by two grooves.

Discus Iconography: Two frolicking animals, probably hares, with long straight ears tilted backward; the larger animal is on a vertical axis, facing nozzle, legs to left; the smaller one is in the opposite direction at left.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 10

Date: Late third century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Italy

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: – 1983, Robert L. Lawson, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Manzoni Macdonnell 1984.

Discussion: The retrograde inscription most likely arises from the unusual length of the text, which makes it very cumbersome to write in retrograde in the mold.

402

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.416

Dimensions: L: 13.0 cm; W: 9.6 cm; H: 3.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Thin cracks on handle, upper left side of basin, and nozzle. Clay near 7.5YR7/4 pink, thin worn glaze near 7.5YR6/4 light brown, a few patches of 2.5YR6/6 light red (lower part and handle).

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with three grooves on upper part. Plain outward-sloping shoulder separated from discus by one ridge and two inner grooves. Small filling-hole in lower left discus. Small air hole in lower discus, facing nozzle. Heart-shaped nozzle; burn marks. Base-ring marked off by two circular grooves. Possibly small plain worn planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: Bust of bearded draped majestic Jupiter behind eagle with spreading wings.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D IX

Date: Late Flavian to Antonine

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: Deneauve 1969, no. 544, pl. 56 (Loeschcke III); Bailey BM II, p. 8, fig. 2, decor I(a)ii; LIMC 8.2, p. 254, no. 212, s.v. Zeus (in peripheria orientali); (close) for discus decor: Bochum Museum, Schüller Collection, cat. no. 219, S 589.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

403

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.461

Dimensions: L: 12.0 cm; W: 8.7 cm; H: 3.2 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, glaze uneven, varying between GLEY 1 5GY5/1 and 5G5/1 greenish gray, but somewhat stronger green.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VIII b. Central filling-hole. Air hole on discus near nozzle. Heart-shaped nozzle, Bus. 10a, tangent to discus molding. Base-ring with plain planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: Two gladiators in combat; hoplomachus at right armed with a spear, holding a small round shield, wearing greaves, manica, and Greek-type helmet; Thrax(?) at left holding a short sword, a small square or rectangular shield, greaves, and the same helmet as his opponent.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D IX

Date: Late Flavian to Antonine

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: Waldhauer 1914, no. 335, pl. 35; Heres 1972, no. 552, pl. 39; Bémont 2005, p. 155, note 29, and p. 156, fig. 6.

Provenance: By 1973, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); – 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Antiken aus Rheinischem Privatbesitz, pp. 124–25, no. 190, pl. 85.

404

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.163

Dimensions: L: 9.7 cm; W: 8.0 cm; H: 2.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR6/3 light reddish brown, glaze 10R5/8 red.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Deep body, whose upper part near handle has purposely been designed by potter as straight. Shoulder: near Loeschcke form VI b. Central filling-hole. Heart-shaped nozzle of an early form, tangent to discus molding. Base marked off by one circular groove. Plain planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D IX

Date: Late Flavian to Antonine

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: Dressel 1899, no. 18, pl. 3.2.1, fig. 3; Bailey BM III, Q 3075, pl. 103 (Ephesus); Bochum Museum, Schüller Collection, cat. no. 195, S 791 (Anatolia).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

405

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.156

Dimensions: L: 12.5 cm; W: 9.5 cm; H: 2.4 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Burn marks on nozzle. Clay 5YR7/6 reddish yellow, glaze 5YR6/6 reddish yellow, slightly darker than clay shade.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Flat shoulder, separated from discus by a circular ridge marked off by two grooves; two small circles flank handle, two are at handle base, and three at nozzle. Filling-hole in center of scallop shell. Slit air hole facing the rather small heart-shaped nozzle, Bus. 10a. Large flat base marked off by two close circular grooves. Incuse plain planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: Discus divided into two distinct areas separated by a circular ridge marked off by two grooves; inner area decorated with scalloped shell segments with bead between ends of each segment; outer area sloping upward, decorated with three evenly spaced similar theater masks.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D IX

Date: Late Flavian to Hadrianic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

406

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.161

Dimensions: L: 8.7 cm; W: 7.2 cm; H: 2.4 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Burn marks on nozzle. Clay near 5YR7/6 reddish yellow, glaze 2.5YR6/6 light red. Mica.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with two grooves. Deep basin. Plain outward-sloping shoulder with arched bow-shaped volutes, whose knobs continue down the side of the basin wall. Small impressed circle on each side of nozzle, three more by each bow-shaped shoulder-volute, one on discus ridge near handle, and possibly one more on shoulder on each side of handle. Concave discus surrounded by plain ridge. Filling-hole slightly to left of center. Heart-shaped nozzle with burn marks. Base-ring.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D IX

Date: Second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Southern Anatolia

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

407

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.193

Dimensions: L: 9.6 cm; W: 7.2 cm; H: 2.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR6/3 light reddish brown, glaze 2.5YR5/6 red.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with three grooves on both upper and lower parts. Deep basin. Flat shoulder, separated from discus by a flat-topped ridge marked off by two grooves; one further groove inside; small globule on each side of handle and on each side of heart-shaped nozzle with burn marks. Central filling-hole. Air hole in lower field. Base marked off by one circular groove. Incuse plain planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: Two gladiators in combat on groundline; secutor at left wearing helmet completely hiding his face, holding a short sword; retiarius at right attacking him with trident.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D IX

Date: Second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: None found; (close) Bémont 2005, p. 152, fig. 2.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

408

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.191

Dimensions: L: 9.8 cm; W: 7.2 cm; H: 3.0 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, a few traces of glaze 2.5YR6/6 light red.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Deep basin. Shoulder: near Loeschcke form VIII b; two small incised circles flanking handle and nozzle. Filling-hole in lower field. Unpierced air hole above heart-shaped nozzle with burn marks. Base marked off by one circular groove. Incuse plain planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: Nude Cupid or infant Bacchus riding lioness or panther rushing to right; unidentified sinuous shape behind the boy, staff on his left shoulder—thyrsus(?).

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D IX

Date: Second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Southern Anatolia

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

409

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.167

Dimensions: L: 10.0 cm; W: 7.4 cm; H: 3.0 cm

Condition and Fabric: Chip in right lower part of shoulder. Burn marks on nozzle. Clay 5YR6/6 reddish yellow, glaze 2.5YR5/8 red.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Deep basin. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a; small dotted circle on each side of handle, three globules in a row above nozzle. Filling-hole slightly below center. Long slit air hole below. Heart-shaped nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Incuse planta pedis, no letters but two raised vertical lines and the toes of the foot.

Discus Iconography: Two bare-breasted figures seated side by side, each wearing ample drapery below waist (termentarium); at right Jupiter with drapery over his left arm, holding scepter; at left Juno arranging her veil over her head and shoulders with her right hand.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D IX

Date: Second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Southern Anatolia

Parallels: (Identical) Gorny and Mosch 2011, p. 220, lot 429 (Asia Minor); (near) Poulou-Papadimitriou 1986, p. 592, fig. 2 (from Asia Minor), dated to the end of the fourth century A.D.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

410

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.200

Dimensions: L: 9.0 cm; W: 7.0 cm; H: 2.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: Several cracks, especially on bottom; handle reattached. Clay 2.5YR6/6 light red, remains of mottled glaze mostly 2.5YR5/8 red over white engobe: Red-on-White lamp; red glaze has a few darker burned(?) spots.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with three grooves on upper part. Deep basin. Shoulder: near Loeschcke form VI b; small incised circle on each side of handle and of nozzle. Filling-hole below center. Air hole in lower field. Heart-shaped nozzle, Bus. 10b, with burn marks. Base marked off by one circular groove. Plain planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: Woman at left wearing flat-topped bonnet and double garment, upper one with folds ending in border, lower one vertically pleated; she is performing some domestic task, helped by a young man in loincloth sitting on a stool at right; he is killing a fowl (duck[?]); the woman is bent in front of him holding out a round vessel to collect blood.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D IX

Date: Second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: None found; (near) Heimerl 2001, p. 109, no. 356, pl. 9, motif M 1–2, the woman is alone and slightly different (Pergamon).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

411

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.165

Dimensions: L: 10.3 cm; W: 7.8 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact; some root-marks on base. Clay 2.5YR5/6 red, glaze mostly 2.5YR4/6 red, darker shade than clay.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with three grooves on upper part. Deep basin. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a; small circle with central dot on each side of handle and of nozzle. Filling-hole in lower field. Small air hole in lower right field. Heart-shaped nozzle with burn marks. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Slightly blurred relief of figure standing frontally on chariot, indicated by two vertical lines on each side of him; rays surrounding his head: Apollo or Helios; he raises his arms, holding a whip in each hand; in front of him four horses, two veering off to the left, two to the right.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D IX

Date: Second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: Brentchaloff 1972, p. 70, no. 143, Musée de Clermont inv. no. 56.465.63; Hellmann 1985, pp. 47–49, no. 48, same discus decor on an Egyptian lamp of Corinthian type with ornament handle featuring Medusa (with further refs.).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

412

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.469

Dimensions: L: 11.2 cm; W: 8.3 cm; H: 3.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Burn marks on nozzle. Clay near 5YR7/4 pink, faint traces of glaze 2.5YR6/6 light red. Mica.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII b; small circle on each side of handle and of nozzle. Discus slightly sunken, divided into two parts; outer one marked off by two grooves and decorated, inner one plain with a concave roundel, pierced in the center by filling-hole with traces of iron corrosion around it. Slit air hole in lower field. Heart-shaped nozzle. Flat slightly raised base-ring marked off by two circular grooves. Small plain incuse planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: A chase: two dogs alternating with two rabbits.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D IX

Date: Second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Central Anatolia

Parallels: None found; (near) Bailey BM III, pp. 74–75, Q 2012, pl. 42, fig. 95.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

413

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.254

Dimensions: L: 10.7 cm; W: 8.1 cm; H: 3.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact; root-marks on bottom. Clay near 5YR6/6 reddish yellow, glaze 5YR5/4 reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with three grooves, central one deeper and continued on lower part. Deep basin. Shoulder separated from discus by four circular grooves; small circle on each side of handle, row of three more facing nozzle. Concave discus. Central filling-hole. Slit air hole in lower field. Heart-shaped nozzle. Flat slightly raised base-ring marked off by two circular grooves.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D IX

Date: Second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: (Close) Fischer and Welling 1984, p. 386, no. 42.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

414

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.214

Dimensions: L: 9.6 cm; W: 7.0 cm; H: 2.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Handle restored. Clay near 7.5YR7/4 pink, glaze 2.5YR6/6 light red.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with three grooves on upper part. Deep basin. Shoulder separated from discus by a molding consisting of three ridges marked off by four grooves; small globule on each side of handle and of nozzle. Filling-hole in lower field. Heart-shaped nozzle. Flat slightly raised base-ring marked off by two circular grooves. Plain planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: Heads of Pan and a nymph to right.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D IX

Date: Second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: Bochum Museum, Schüller Collection, cat. no. 270, S 724 (Anatolia) (planta pedis).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

415

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.172

Dimensions: L: 8.8 cm; W: 6.6 cm; H: 2.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR6/6 reddish yellow, glaze varying between 2.5YR5/6 red and 2.5YR5/8 red, a shade clearer than the previous.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with three grooves on upper part. Deep basin. Shoulder separated from discus by a molding consisting of a flat band and two narrower rings inside; small circle on each side of handle and of nozzle. Filling-hole in upper field, slit air hole in lower. Heart-shaped nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Plain planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: Scalloped shell with mostly forked edges and a few rounded edges on the left.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D IX

Date: Second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

416

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.557

Dimensions: L: 11.2 cm; W: 8.1 cm; H: 3.1 cm

Condition and Fabric: Half-broken ring handle (once three grooves on upper part, two on the lower); tiny hole on right side of basin. Burn marks on nozzle. Clay 5YR6/6 reddish yellow, glaze 2.5YR6/6 light red. Much powdery mica.

Description: Moldmade. Fairly deep basin. Shoulder separated from discus by a ridge between two circular grooves; small bead on each side of handle and of nozzle. Filling-hole in left field. Tiny air hole in lower part. Heart-shaped nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Plain incuse planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: Wading bird, probably a stork, to left fighting snake curling around its neck and leg.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D IX

Date: Second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Unknown. Probably Asia Minor

Parallels: None found. For a decor with a different bird and a snake, see Loeschcke 1919, no. 286, pl. 13.

Provenance: Before 1979, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); by 1979–1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Galerie Günter Puhze 1979, no. 140.

417

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.182

Dimensions: L: 9.2 cm; W: 6.6 cm; H: 2.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay near 7.5YR6/2 pinkish gray, glaze between 7.5YR5/4 and 7.5YR4/2 brown and dark brown, burned.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Deep basin. Shoulder separated from discus by a molding consisting of an outer wide flat ring and an inner narrow one; globule on each side of handle and of nozzle. Big filling-hole in lower right field. Smaller air hole in upper discus. Heart-shaped nozzle. Inward-sloping base-ring marked off by two circular grooves.

Discus Iconography: Frontal eagle with spreading wings, head turned to right.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D IX

Date: Second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

418

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.203

Dimensions: L: 11.5 cm; W: 9.0 cm; H: 3.4 cm

Condition and Fabric: Small chips at filling-hole and air-hole. Clay 5YR6/6 reddish yellow, glaze varying between 10R5/6 red and 5YR4/2 dark reddish gray.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with herringbone-pattern between two grooves on upper part. Deep basin. Flat shoulder with a row of double-ovolos, separated from discus by a large convex ridge marked off by two circular grooves. Central filling-hole. Air hole above it. Heart-shaped nozzle with a row of three globules above it. Base marked off by one circular groove. Plain planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: Two gladiators in combat (Thraces[?]).

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 1

Date: Second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: (Close) Heres 1972, no. 377, pl. 42.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

419

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.194

Dimensions: L: 10.3 cm; W: 7.5 cm; H: 2.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 2.5YR6/6 light red, a few remains of glaze 10R5/8 red.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with three grooves on upper part. Shoulder with a row of double ovolos, separated from discus by two convex ridges marked off by circular grooves. Filling-hole in lower field. Long slit air hole under it. Heart-shaped nozzle with two globules above it; burn marks. Base marked off by one circular groove. Incuse plain planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: Single gladiator on groundline in combat to right with rectangular shield, short sword, round crested metal helmet, greaves, and arm protection; large victory palm branch on right side.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 1

Date: Second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

420

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.202

Dimensions: L: 9.6 cm; W: 7.5 cm; H: 2.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: A few chips on shoulder. Clay 5YR6/6 reddish yellow, glaze varying between 2.5YR5/4 reddish brown and 2.5YR4/4 darker shade reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with three thin grooves on upper part. Shoulder decorated with ovolos: Loeschcke form VIII b. Filling-hole in lower field. Mark of unpierced air hole at lower right. Heart-shaped nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Plain planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: Boat with hoisted sail to right; a man at the helm is steering; a companion stands at the prow, pulling in a big fish hooked on his line; waves under the hull; dolphin partly cut by large filling-hole in lower field.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 1

Date: Second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: (Identical) Museum of Art and Archaeology, University of Missouri–Columbia, acc. no. 82.257 (from Asia Minor). Same theme treated differently, Deneauve 1969, no. 617, pl. 62 (Loeschcke V).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

421

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.210

Dimensions: L: 9.2 cm; W: 6.4 cm; H: 2.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR6/4 light reddish brown, mottled glaze 2.5YR6/6 light red and 2.5YR4/4 reddish brown, with a few spots darker still.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Flat shoulder with a row of double ovolos, separated from discus by a convex ridge marked off by two circular grooves. Filling-hole in lower field. Slit air hole on shoulder, facing nozzle. Heart-shaped nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Incuse mark in center: leaf with stem upward.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Frontal male face in high relief, long curly hair, Phrygian cap: Attis.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 1

Date: Second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

422

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.199

Dimensions: L: 9.2 cm; W: 6.9 cm; H: 2.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact; root-marks on bottom. Clay 5YR6/6 reddish yellow, glaze 10R5/6 red.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with three grooves on upper part. Shoulder with a row of double ovolos, separated from discus by a molding consisting of three ridges marked off by four grooves. Filling-hole near center. Air hole in lower field. Heart-shaped nozzle with burn marks. Base marked off by one circular groove. Plain planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: Cock to left facing a tripod altar at left; on it, conical shape (flame[?]) between two small globules.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 1

Date: Second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

423

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.175

Dimensions: L: 9.3 cm; W: 6.8 cm; H: 2.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR7/4 pink, same color slip, a few blackish traces. Mica.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Flat shoulder with a row of ovolos, separated from discus by a molding consisting of two ridges marked off by three circular grooves; a small half-sunk globule on each side of handle base and of nozzle top. Central filling-hole. Unpierced air hole in lower field. Heart-shaped nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Dolphin with curled-up tail to right, head down.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 1

Date: Second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: (Close) Bussière 2000, p. 326, no. 2447, pl. 67, and p. 200, decor III.a.9.(8).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

424

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.189

Dimensions: L: 9.2 cm; W: 7.1 cm; H: 2.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: Thin crack on right side of shoulder and basin; restored; some overpaint. Clay 5YR6/6 reddish yellow, a few traces of glaze 10R5/8 red.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Flat shoulder with a row of double ovolos, separated from discus by a ridge and two inner circles. Filling-hole on right side; traces of corroded iron wick-nail. Heart-shaped nozzle with burn marks. Slightly raised base marked off by one circular groove. In center, plain planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: Bust of young man to right: Antinous with long curly hair, wearing a tunic that leaves his right shoulder and arm bare.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 1

Date: Second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Southern Anatolia

Parallels: None found. Cat. 344 has same discus decor but different nozzle.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

425

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.414

Dimensions: L: 12.8 cm; W: 9.5 cm; H: 3.4 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Burn marks on nozzle. Clay 5YR6/4 light reddish brown, glaze 10R5/6 red.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with one central groove on both parts. Slightly outward-sloping shoulder with a row of ovolos, separated from discus by a ridge and two circular grooves. Central filling-hole. Heart-shaped nozzle with burn marks. Vague base-ring. Small plain planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: Orpheus sitting on a rock in three-quarter view to right, tree behind him, playing the lyre to four listening animals; clockwise from top of discus: bird (possibly duck), doe or deer, sheep, and dog; a small child, partly cut by filling-hole, sits on a stool watching Orpheus.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 1

Date: Second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: (Identical) Rosenthal and Sivan 1978, p. 40, no. 158; (related, but similar composition adapted to Apollo) Mlasowsky 1993, p. 77, no. 65, Apollo instead of Orpheus; (close) Kunst der Antike 11, no. 234.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

426

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.415

Dimensions: L: 13.2 cm; W: 10.0 cm; H: 3.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: Thin crack on basin. Clay 5YR7/4 pink, glaze 10R5/8 red.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with three grooves on upper part. Outward-sloping shoulder with a row of double ovolos, separated from discus by a molding consisting of two ridges formed by three circular grooves. Filling-hole lower right. Small air hole in lower discus, facing nozzle. Heart-shaped nozzle. Base-ring marked off by two circular grooves. Small plain planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: Nude ithyphallic dwarf or grotesque to left dancing with staves or juggling with sticks.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 1

Date: Second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: None found. Same motif treated differently: Bochum Museum, Schüller Collection, cat. no. 230, S 650 (Anatolia).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

427

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.463

Dimensions: L: 12.3 cm; W: 9.0 cm; H: 3.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay near 10YR6/1 gray/light gray, varying vitreous glaze mostly GLEY 1 5G5/2 grayish green.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Outward-sloping shoulder with a row of ovolos, separated from discus by a ridge marked off by two circular grooves. Filling-hole above center. Air hole in lower field. Heart-shaped nozzle. Base-ring. Plain planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: Nude seated Omphale in rear view, arranging her hair; veil visible behind her; around her three small winged Cupids and some foliage; at lower right the club of Hercules.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 1

Date: Second half of second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Central Anatolia

Parallels: Bartoli Santi and Bellori 1702, p. 8 (Loeschcke IV); Loeschcke 1919, no. 396, pl. 7; Goldman et al. 1950, no. 430, pl. 112 (Tarsus); Bachofen and Meuli 1958, pl. 54.1 (Loeschcke IV): Perlzweig 1961, no. 56, pl. 3 (fr.); Leibundgut 1977, p. 242, no. 386, and no. 21, pl. 25; Maccario 1980, no. 273, pl. 23 (fr.); Goethert-Polaschek 1985, no. 484, pl. 53 (Loeschcke IV) (with further refs.); Hellmann 1987, no. 107, pl. 11 (Loeschcke IV); Olcina, Reginard, and Sánchez 1990, p. 80, no. 86 (Tossal de Manises); Moscara 2003, no. 11, fig. 1; Beames 2004, figs. 1–2; Casas Genover and Soler Fusté 2006, no. G 487, pl. 32 (fr.); LIMC 8.1, p. 212, no. 211, s.v. Venus; LIMC 8.2, p. 147, no. 211, s.v. Venus.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

428

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.403

Dimensions: L: 11.6 cm; W: 8.2 cm; H: 2.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, glaze 2.5YR5/4 reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with two grooves on each part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a, with laurel-wreath decor. Filling-hole in lower left. Small air hole in discus, facing nozzle. Heart-shaped nozzle. Flat base-ring marked off by two circular grooves, one additional inner circle.

Discus Iconography: Bacchus at left holding his pedum, dancing with a maenad at right; both are nude.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 4a

Date: A.D. 175–225

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: Svoboda 2006, p. 60, no. 90.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

429

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.174

Dimensions: L: 9.3 cm; W: 6.9 cm; H: 3.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR6/4 light reddish brown, remains of glaze 5YR6/2 pinkish gray. Mica.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Rounded wide shoulder with grapes, vines, and vine-leaves in pronounced relief, separated from discus by two ridges marked off by three circular grooves. Concave discus with central filling-hole. Heart-shaped nozzle with burn marks. Base marked off by one circular groove. Deep, plain planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 5

Date: Ca. A.D. 225–250/275

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Southern Anatolia

Parallels: None found; (close) Abadie-Reynal and Sodini 1992, no. i-L6 (Thasos); for the shoulder decor only, see Bussière 2000, pp. 360–62, nos. 3471–3566.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

430

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.260

Dimensions: L: 10.4 cm; W: 7.8 cm; H: 3.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Cracks on left side. Clay near 5YR6/6 reddish yellow, glaze 2.5YR5/6 red (bottom); sides and top burned dark. Mica.

Description: Moldmade. Deep body. Ring handle with deep central groove between two thinner ones. Shoulder with three rows of globules, separated from concave discus by a molding consisting of three ridges, the exterior one flat. Central filling-hole. Small air hole in discus, facing nozzle. Heart-shaped nozzle. Base-ring marked off by two circular grooves.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 6

Date: Ca. A.D. 225–250

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: (Close) Ennabli, Salomonson, and Mahjoubi 1973, pl. 19, type 12, series 2; Hellmann 1987, no. 319, pl. 43; Sanciu 2002, no. L1, pl. 13.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

431

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.197

Dimensions: L: 9.1 cm; W: 6.7 cm; H: 3.0 cm

Condition and Fabric: Thin crack all across lamp from nozzle to right shoulder top. Clay 2.5YR6/6 light red, uneven glaze 2.5YR5/6 red; entire lower part of basin blackened by fire.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Deep body. Shoulder with four rows of globules, separated from discus by a raised outer ring and a smaller inner one. Filling-hole on lower discus. Unpierced air hole opposite nozzle. Heart-shaped nozzle with burn marks. Base marked off by one circular groove. Plain planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: Deer galloping to right.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 6

Date: Ca. A.D. 225–250

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Southern Anatolia

Parallels: For discus only, see Perlzweig 1961, no. 163, pl. 6; Deneauve 1969, no. 624, pl. 63 (Loeschcke V); Heres 1972, no. 187, pl. 23 (Loeschcke IV), and no. 221, pl. 27 (Loeschcke V); Bémont 2002, p. 92, D 117, no. 215, pl. 20.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

432

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.169

Dimensions: L: 10.0 cm; W: 7.5 cm; H: 3.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR6/6 reddish yellow, mottled glaze varying between 7.5YR5/2 brown and 7.5YR4/2 dark brown.

Description: Moldmade. Band handle with median groove on both parts. Deep basin. Shoulder convex, with five rows of globules, separated from concave discus by a molding consisting of flat band and two inner grooves. Central filling-hole. Heart-shaped nozzle. Slightly raised base-ring.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 6

Date: Ca. A.D. 225–250

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: (Close) Deneauve 1969, no. 1121, pl. 101.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

433

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.462

Dimensions: L: 13.5 cm; W: 11.0 cm; H: 3.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR6/4 light reddish brown, glaze 10R5/6 red.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Slightly outward-sloping shoulder with a row of small heart-shaped motifs, separated from discus by a molding consisting of a band and two inner grooves. Central filling-hole. Small air hole in lower field. Heart-shaped nozzle tangent to discus molding. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Rosette with seven double-petals.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 10

Date: Late Flavian to Antonine

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: For shoulder decor only, see Allison 2006, no. 1581, pls. 100 and 127 (Loeschcke VIII) (Pompeii).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

434

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.183

Dimensions: L: 8.7 cm; W: 5.8 cm; H: 3.0 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact, but poor workmanship. Burn marks on nozzle. Clay near 7.5YR6/4 light brown, glaze mostly 5YR5/6 yellowish red.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with three grooves on upper part, one on lower. Deep basin. Flat shoulder with stamped motifs (each with three imbricated equilateral triangles), separated from discus by two circular grooves. Filling-hole above left. Large air hole below. Heart-shaped nozzle; two short relief lines below nozzle on each side. Flat base-ring marked off by two slightly oval grooves.

Discus Iconography: Centaur to right playing kithara: Chiron.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 10

Date: Late third to second half of fourth century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: None found. Related to Ricci 2002, no. 5, fig. 22 (La Luque).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

435

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.515.2

Dimensions: L: 6.0 cm; W: 4.0 cm; H: 1.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Burn marks on nozzle. Clay 5YR6/6 reddish yellow, thin worn glaze 10R5/6 red. Much powdery gold mica.

Description: Moldmade. Miniature lamp. Ring handle with three grooves on upper part. Outward-sloping plain shoulder, separated from discus by two ridges close to one another, which divide at front of nozzle; at that point extremities curl up into volutes, creating a channel between discus and nozzle; large globule on each side of voluted extremities. Central filling-hole. Nozzle tangent to lamp body, but its slightly raised flat top does not match exactly Bus. form 3. Base marked off by one circular groove. Incuse plain planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: Rosette with twelve petals.

Type: Loeschcke type VIII var.

Date: Second half of first to early second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: None found. For discus decor only: Bussière 2000, pp. 208–9, decor IV.a.5.(5); (near) Bailey BM II, Q 1125, pl. 44.

Provenance: By 1973, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); before 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Antiken aus Rheinischem Privatbesitz, pp. 126–27, no. 193, pl. 86.

Discussion: This lamp was acquired in association with the lantern cat. 610. It most likely was found together with the lantern, for they have the same mica-bearing clay and slip.

436

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.253

Dimensions: L: 10.0 cm; W: 8.1 cm; H: 3.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR6/6 reddish yellow, faint traces of glaze 5YR4/2 dark reddish gray.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with one deep groove. Very deep basin. Rounded shoulder with a row of hardly visible dots, separated from discus by five rills. Inward-sloping discus; circular groove in the middle, pierced by central filling-hole. Small air hole in lower field. Small rounded nozzle form Bus. 4e encroaching half way upon shoulder. Undefined base.

Discus Iconography: Band of rays.

Type: Loeschcke VIII var.

Date: Second century A.D.(?)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

437

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.223

Dimensions: L: 7.3 cm; W: 6.8 cm; H: 2.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Two cracks on right shoulder; broken-off right ear missing and side mended. Clay 10YR8/1 white, same color slip, grayish.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: convex outer part, inward-sloping toward single groove surrounding discus. Filling-hole in left field. Nozzle form near Bus. 3. Plain base.

Discus Iconography: Thetis wearing diadem, standing at left; she is holding Achilles’ helmet; Achilles, standing at right, draped in ample woman's clothing, bare-chested, left arm lifting up a round shield, from which hangs a drapery.

Type: Loeschcke VIII var.

Date: Second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Southern Anatolia

Parallels: None found. For a close lamp shape, see Bailey BM III, Q 2626 (Salamis)–Q 2627, pl. 72 in buff clay; for similar side-ears on Loeschcke type VIII, see Bussière 2000, no. 2995, pl. 81.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

Discussion: Achilles at the court of Lycomedes in Scyros, obeying the will of his mother, Thetis, by hiding in women’s clothes; see LIMC 1.2, p. 70, no. 137, s.v. Achilleus, and p. 71, no. 140, s.v. Achilleus.

438

Inventory Number: 81.AQ.112.2

Dimensions: L: 6.5 cm; W: 5.6 cm; H: 2.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Broken nozzle tip restored; crack on discus from top to bottom; chip on top rim. Clay 7.5YR8/2 whitish pink, slip 5YR8/3 pink.

Description: Moldmade. Convex shoulder, separated from concave discus by a narrow band with wreath. Central filling-hole. Nozzle form Bus. 2c var. 2 with burn marks. Flat undefined base.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Loeschcke VIII var.

Date: Second century A.D.(?)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Given by donor as Corinth (but doubtful)

Parallels: (Near) Bailey BM III, Q 2643, pl. 72 (Tarsus).

Provenance: – 1981, Robert L. Lawson, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1981.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

439

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.458

Dimensions: L: 12.1 cm; W: 10.0 cm; H: 2.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR7/4 pink, glaze near 2.5YR6/4 light reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ornament ring handle in the shape of a bearded head: Serapis with calathus; one groove on handle. Straight body walls, sloping inward toward base. Curved shoulder richly decorated with vegetal pattern, separated from a rather small discus by two wide moldings; narrow voluted ear on each side. Filling-hole in lower left. Nozzle close to Bus. 2d; relief decor on its top (head). Base-ring marked off by two circular grooves. Potter’s mark: a branch.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Europa, seen frontally, riding to the left on a bull (Jupiter), veil floating behind her.

Type: Loeschcke VIII var.

Date: Second to early third century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: (Identical but without handle shield) Bailey BM III, Q 2081, pl. 45; (near, but with slave and amphora on discus and broken handle) Bailey BM III, Q 2080, pl. 45 (Egypt); (close) Djuric 1995, p. 54, no. C 155; for lamps of the same type, see Shier 1978, nos. 367–68, pl. 40 (Egypt).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

440

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.192

Dimensions: L: 9.1 cm; W: 7.1 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Minor chips on shoulder. Clay 5YR6/4 light reddish brown, glaze 5YR6/6 reddish yellow.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a. Filling-hole lower left. Large heart-shaped nozzle tangent to shoulder (nozzle form Cn. A1, in BM III, p. 330, fig. 160). Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: ROMANH/S IS (both sigmas retrograde); small circle in lower part.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Two gladiators, Samnite and hoplomachus, in combat to right, each with double-plumed helmet, greaves, and rectangular shield; sword-arm bound for protection (manica); victor standing at left, his adversary kneeling at ground.

Type: Loeschcke VIII var.

Date: First third of second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: For discus (identical) Bruneau 1965, nos. 4633–34, pl. 30 (ROMANESIS); Heres 1968, no. 62, pl. 33.5 (ROMANESIS) (Musée du Louvre); Heres 1972, no. 472 (fr.), pl. 50 (Smyrna); Bailey BM III, p. 56, Q 2769, pl. 85 (ROMANESIS), fig. 66 (with further refs.); Oziol 1993, nos. 77–78, fig. 12 (ROMANESIS).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

III.A.b.14.I.1.a Bussière form D I 3

The main characteristic of D I 3 is the form of its nozzle, which is tangent to the lamp rim (nozzle form Bus. 3). Bailey type O group iii shows the same nozzle form and therefore corresponds to Bussière form D I 3, but the author points out that the five BM lamps all have a handle. Of nineteen Algerian examples in Bussière 2000, twelve do not have a handle, which is also the case with Getty cat. 278; the four other Algerian lamps in Bussière 2000 have a handle, as do cats. 279–82 and cats. 329–32. The shoulder forms in this type vary a lot (Bussière 2000, p. 93). Among the Getty lamps we find Loeschcke shoulder forms VI a (2 ex.), VI b (3 ex.), VII a (1 ex.), VII b (5 ex.), VIII a (1 ex.), and four unrecorded variants. Three lamps have a plain discus; seven have a mythological motif; two a geometrical one; one an erotic scene; one a circus scene; one shows a dove on an olive branch; and one has a lion. There are five base-rings and eleven bases marked off by one circular groove. Bailey dates his type O group 3 from the middle of the first to the beginning of the second century A.D. A shipwreck at the Balearic Islands dated to A.D. 40–50 (Domergue 1966, pl. 6) has yielded lamps, all signed by CCLODV[ivs], some of them of Bussière form D I 3. The form is present in Campania: two examples found in Herculaneum bear the signature PVF/PVF in planta pedis, an Italic workshop active between the middle and the last quarter of the first century A.D. Another example, found in Pompeii, is signed LVC in planta pedis, an Italic workshop active between A.D. 50 and 80, according to Pavolini (Pavolini 1980, table I). But those early lamps have a basin with a quite thin wall, which is not the case with the Getty examples. Six Algerian lamps bear signatures of workshops starting their activity around A.D. 80: OPPI (starting even around A.D. 70), COPPIRES, L.MVNATVS, LMVNSVC (Bussière 2000, p. 94). Only one lamp, cat. 337, bears a workshop mark of a plain planta pedis. Judging by their coarseness, several lamps—cats. 279–82—are certainly of a later date: second century.

Additional objects of this type: cats. 327–37.

278

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.391.11

Dimensions: L: 8.3 cm; W: 6.6 cm; H: 2.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: Upper part of shoulder and base restored. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, glaze 5YR3/1 very dark gray.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII b. Central filling-hole. Nozzle form Bus. 3. Blurred base marked off by one circular groove. Illegible workshop signature.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D I 3

Date: Trajanic(?)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Italy

Parallels: Bussière 2000, no. 1079, pl. 52.

Provenance: – 1983, Robert L. Lawson, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

279

Inventory Number: 81.AQ.112.10

Dimensions: L: 8.1 cm; W: 6.0 cm; H: 2.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Wick-hole slightly chipped. Clay 5YR7/4 pink, scant traces of glaze 2.5YR6/4 light reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with three grooves on upper part. Shoulder separated from discus by circular ridge marked off by several grooves. Filling-hole in lower field. Nozzle form Bus. 3. Base-ring marked with two circular grooves, area within slightly sunken.

Discus Iconography: Pegasus to right on groundline.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D I 3

Date: Second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Italy

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: – 1981, Robert L. Lawson, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1981.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

280

Inventory Number: 81.AQ.112.11

Dimensions: L: 8.0 cm; W: 5.2 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Crack on right side of discus; burn marks on nozzle; tip restored. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, scant remains of slip 10YR6/4 light brown. Mica.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII b. Filling-hole and air hole in lower discus. Nozzle form Bus. 3. Blurred base-ring marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Winged Cupid moving to right, holding a shell in his left hand and an alabastron in his right.

Type: Loeschcke type VIII; Bussière form D I 3

Date: Second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Italy

Parallels: Brants 1913, no. 392, pl. 4 (Loeschcke V); Iványi 1935, no. 8, pl. 4 (Loeschcke I); Oziol 1977, nos. 422–24, pl. 23 (Loeschcke IV); Goethert-Polaschek 1985, no. 243, pl. 23 (Loeschcke I), and nos. 404–5, pl. 50 (Loeschcke IV); Rivet 2003, p. 144, no. 183 (fr.); Bémont and Chew 2007, pp. 229, 456, pl. 31, GA 1 and GA 2 (Loeschcke I); cat. 281.

Provenance: – 1981, Robert L. Lawson, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1981.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

281

Inventory Number: 81.AQ.112.12

Dimensions: L: 7.8 cm; W: 5.2 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR7/4 pink, scant mottled remains of glaze between 10YR5/2 grayish brown and 10YR4/1 dark gray.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part and one on lower. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII b. Filling-hole and air hole of same size in lower discus. Nozzle form Bus. 3. Blurred base-ring marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Winged Cupid moving to right, holding a shell in his left hand and an alabastron in his right.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D I 3

Date: Second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Italy

Parallels: Loeschcke 1919, no. 22, pl. 5 (Loeschcke I); Bussière 2000, no. 1880, pl. 55, decor I.b.1.(6) (with further refs.); cat. 280.

Provenance: – 1981, Robert L. Lawson, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1981.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

282

Inventory Number: 81.AQ.112.5

Dimensions: L: 8.4 cm; W: 5.6 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, worn glaze mostly 2.5YR5/4 reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII b. Filling-hole in lower field. Nozzle form Bus. 3. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Dove with raised wings perched to right on a myrtle bough, pecking at a fruit.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D I 3

Date: Second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Italy

Parallels: (Close) Deneauve 1969, nos. 522–23, pl. 53; see Bussière 2000, p. 205, decor III.b.6.(2) (with further refs.).

Provenance: – 1981, Robert L. Lawson, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1981.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

III.A.b.14.I.1.b Bussière form D II 1

This is the standard form of Loeschcke type VIII: the short, rounded nozzle is separated from the discus by a straight horizontal line, flanked by two dots (Bus. 4a). All Getty lamps of Bussière form D II 1 conform to that feature, except three examples: cat. 287, on which the line is shown but the two dots are missing (Bus. 4d); and cats. 299–300, in which both line and dots are missing (Bus. 4e). All Getty lamps of Bussière form D II 1 have a pierced round handle with two grooves on the upper part. Their shoulder is either Loeschcke form VII a (20 ex.), VII b (4 ex.), or VI a (1 ex.). The discus decors vary: mythology (6 ex.): Diana, Dioscuri, Sol and Luna, Africa, Lares, and griffin; persons (8 ex.): portraits of Domitian, Hadrian, male head, bust of a young man, bust of a young woman, bust of a bearded old man, fisherman, and an aulete; animals (3 ex.): scorpion, boar, and lion with crocodile; entertainment (2 ex.): bust of a masked comic actor, and a grotesque on a boat; and varia (3 ex.): rosette, myrtle wreath, and garlanded amphora. Three lamps have a plain discus. Among the bases, only cat. 341 has a base-ring, all the others have a base marked off by one circular groove.

All but five lamps are signed. Seven signatures are from African workshops: MNOVIV, MNOVIVST, MNOVIVSTI, IVNIALEXI (2 ex.), CCORVRS, EXFNA/LVCCEIORVM; nine from Italic: CLOHEL, CLOHELI, FABRICMASC, QNVMICEL, CF.IS(?) in planta pedis, COPPIRES (2 ex.), LMVNPHILE, LMADIEC, but the four last workshops most probably had branches in Africa; one, cat. 301, which reads SLMRMEVO, is, according to Bailey, a nonsensical signature created by the modern Naples workshop specializing in reproductions or forgeries (see Bailey 1965, p. 95); finally, the signature of cat. 340 is of dubious reading: Q.M.[Q], a workshop unknown to us (the lamp was purchased in Asia Minor); the signature of cat. 288 is illegible. The periods of activity of the workshops mentioned above are, with one exception, within the time span A.D. 80–180. The floruit of the standard form Bussière D II 1 was during the Late Flavian period and the first half of the second century. The exception mentioned concerns cat. 302, signed OFFICINA LVCCEIORVM, an African workshop active A.D. 175–225. Consequently cat. 302 was produced early in the activity of this workshop.

Additional objects of this type: cats. 339–43.

283

Inventory Number: 80.AQ.46.1

Dimensions: L: 9.8 cm; W: 6.7 cm, H: 2.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, glaze 10R5/6 red.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII b. Filling-hole in left part. Nozzle form Bus. 4a. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: CLO.HELI, Italic workshop A.D. 80–150; under the signature is an incuse mark in the shape of a tilted letter S.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Male head in high relief, flat nose, bushy hair (satyr[?]).

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D II 1

Date: Late Flavian to Early Antonine

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Tunisia

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: – 1980, William L. Eagleton, Jr., American, 1926–2011, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1980.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

284

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.391.6

Dimensions: L: 11.0 cm; W: 8.1 cm; H: 3.1 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR8/4 pink, mottled glaze between 7.5YR4/2 dark brown and 10R5/8 red.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a. Central filling-hole. Nozzle form Bus. 4a. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: COPPIRES, Italic workshop probably with African branches, active A.D. 80–160.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D II 1

Date: Late Flavian to Early Antonine

Place of Manufacture or Origin: El Djem (Tunisia)

Parallels: Kricheldorf 1962, nos. 166 (CCLOSVC) and 164 (COPPIRES), pl. 20; Deneauve 1969, nos. 809–18, pl. 65; Defives and Gernez 1971, p. 101 (MNOVIVST), Musée de St. Omer (Tunisia), and p. 102 (FEDISEC), Musée de Douai (Tebessa); Heres 1972, no. 299, pl. 35; Bisi Ingrassia 1977, pl. 47.5; Sapelli 1979, no. 201; Hayes 1980, nos. 231–32; Bailey BM III, Q 1683, pl. 12 (MNOVIVST); Djuric 1995, nos. C 120–C 126; Bussière 2000, nos. 1185–1201 (COPPIRES) (Algeria); Casas Genover and Soler Fusté 2006, no. G 873, pls. 53–57, one example among others.

Provenance: – 1983, Robert L. Lawson, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

285

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.391.7

Dimensions: L: 12.0 cm; W: 8.9 cm; H: 3.1 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact (small piece removed from handle for clay analysis). Clay 7.5YR8/4 pink, mottled glaze 10R5/6 red.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a. Concave discus. Filling-hole slightly on the right above center. Nozzle form Bus. 4a. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: MNOVIVSTI, African workshop active A.D. 120–180.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D II 1

Date: Late Flavian to Antonine

Place of Manufacture or Origin: El Djem (Tunisia)

Parallels: Ponsich 1961, no. 240, pl. 18 (IVNIALEXI); Bussière 2000, p. 291, no. 1241 (MNOVIVSTI) (Sétif).

Provenance: – 1983, Robert L. Lawson, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Manzoni Macdonnell 1984, p. 143, fig. 4, right.

286

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.535

Dimensions: L: 10.5 cm; W: 7.3 cm; H: 2.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR8/3 very pale brown, unevenly preserved glaze 2.5YR5/6 red.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a. Filling-hole in left middle field, with remains of corroded iron wick-nail. Small air hole in lower discus, facing nozzle. Nozzle form Bus. 4a; burn marks. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: FABRICMASC, Italic workshop active A.D. 80/90–140; incuse mark below: double-ovolo.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Personification of Africa, front view of bust with headgear of elephant trunk and tusks; latter feature, usually clearly shown on parallels, is not very distinct on this lamp.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D II 1

Date: Late Flavian to Early Antonine

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Not given by Schüller, but Italic based on the signature

Parallels: Bussière 2000, p. 171, no. 2106, pl. 59, decor I.c.3.(3) (CATILVEST) (with further refs. for illustrations of the same theme, to which can be added Pollino 1994, no. 047, pl. 5); Kunst der Antike 13, no. 150.

Provenance: Before 1982, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); by 1982–1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Galerie Günter Puhze 1982, no. 272.

287

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.166

Dimensions: L: 11.0 cm; W: 7.5 cm; H: 2.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: Handle slightly chipped on top. Clay 5YR7/4 pink, glaze 2.5YR6/6 light red.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VI b. Filling-hole at left; possible traces of iron corrosion. Nozzle form Bus. 4d. Slightly raised base marked off by one circular groove. Workshop signature: CCORVRS.

Discus Iconography: At left, aulete standing to right, wearing short pants whose stippled markings probably indicate fur; in front of him a small unidentified structure with two tiers (altar[?]).

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D II 1

Date: Late Flavian to Early Antonine

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

288

Inventory Number: 81.AQ.38.2

Dimensions: L: 9.5 cm; W: 6.9 cm; H: 2.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: A few chips on the handle. Clay near 5YR7/4 pink, mottled glaze mostly 2.5YR4/4 reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper and lower parts. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a. Filling-hole at right. Air hole facing nozzle. Nozzle form Bus. 4a. Base marked off by one circular groove. Illegible incuse potter’s signature; under it an incuse mark: four-petaled flower(?).

Discus Iconography: Scorpion to right, its claws surrounding the filling-hole.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D II 1

Date: Late Flavian to Early Antonine

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Tunisia

Parallels: Libertini 1930, no. 1300, pl. 124; Álvarez-Ossorio 1942, fig. 3.2 (Loeschcke IV); Palol 1950, no. 68, fig. 108; Ponsich 1961, no. 311, pl. 22; Kricheldorf 1962, nos. 146 (GABINIA) and 147–48, pl. 18; Sotgiu 1968, no. 411e, pl. 4 (CCLOSVC); Heres 1972, no. 78, pl. 12 (Loeschcke I); Gualandi Genito 1977, no. 330, pl. 45; Hellmann 1987, no. 265, pl. 34 (CCLOSVC); Schäfer and Marczoch 1990, p. 47, no. 44; Larese and Sgreva 1996, p. 223, no. 303 (COPPIRES); Bussière 2000, nos. 2468–70, pl. 67, decor III.c.1.(1) (MVNTREPT) (Tipasa) (with further refs. and several signatures); Robin Petitot 2000, p. 57, no. 101 (Loeschcke IV); Rivet 2003, p. 158, no. 306; Casas Genover and Soler Fusté 2006, no. G 970, pl. 63; Bémont and Chew 2007, pp. 192, 449, pl. 24, IT 63, and pp. 243–44, 462–63, pls. 37–38, GA 63–GA 64, (Loeschcke I); Bussière and Rivel 2012, no. 180 (GABMERC) (central Tunisia); Bochum Museum, Schüller Collection, cat. no. 179, S 744 (CLO.HELI and planta pedis under it) (Tunisia).

Provenance: – 1981, William L. Eagleton, Jr., American, 1926–2011, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1981.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

289

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.206

Dimensions: L: 10.2 cm; W: 7.1 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Chipped filling-hole. Clay 10YR6/3 pale brown, glaze 10YR5/1 gray; burned.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a. Filling-hole in left middle field. Small air hole facing nozzle. Nozzle form Bus. 4b. Slightly raised base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: MNOVIVST; below it, capital letter T with small dot at end of each bar; African workshop active A.D. 120–180.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Portrait of bearded man to right with diadem: Hadrian(?).

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D II 1

Date: Late Flavian to Early Antonine

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Libertini 1930, no. 1292, pl. 123; Mercando 1962, no. 3, pl. 6 (MVERCEVP); Brentchaloff 1972, no. 80, Musée de Clermont inv. 56.465.102 (Loeschcke IV, signed OPPI) (Lezoux); Bailey BM II, p. 330, Q 1311, pl. 70, and pp. 34–35, fig. 31; Gualandi Genito 1986, pp. 208 and 216, no. 60 (GABIN[IA?]); Bailey 1994, no. 194, fig. 41; Morillo Cerdán 1999, pp. 198–99, fig. 141, motif 52 (with further refs.); Bussière 2000, nos. 2202–3, pl. 61, decor I.d.1.(2) (with discussion and further refs.); Bochum Museum, Schüller Collection, museum photographic archives, photo P001 210–02–03–01 jpg.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

Discussion: The bearded head in the discus is sometimes interpreted as Hercules because of what seems to be a club on his right shoulder, at other times as a portrait of Hadrian or Antoninus Pius, which seems more likely (Bailey BM II, Q 1311). However, the interpretation of either emperor’s portrait fails to match the chronology of the workshop OPPI (active A.D. 70/80–100), which signs a lamp bearing this particular decor: see Brentchaloff 1972, no. 80 (see discussion in Bussière 2000, p. 172, decor I.d.2). If the portrait is read as that of an emperor, then OPPI’s chronology must be revised, and Hadrian must be preferred to Antoninus Pius (see discussion in Gualandi Genito 1986, p. 208, no. 60; or in Bussière 2000, p. 172, decor I.d.1.[2]).

290

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.164

Dimensions: L: 10.4 cm; W: 7.3 cm; H: 2.2 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR7/4 pink, glaze mostly 5YR4/2 dark reddish gray.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a. Filling-hole left middle. Unpierced small air hole in lower discus, facing nozzle. Nozzle form Bus. 4b. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature IVSTI, Late Flavian to Trajanic African workshop.

Discus Iconography: Fisherman with hat and short tunic sitting on a bank to left, left arm resting behind him; right hand holding fishing line without rod; below, basket and stick on which are strung five fish.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D II 1

Date: Late Flavian to Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Manzoni Macdonnell 1984, figs. 2, 4.

291

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.207

Dimensions: L: 10.3 cm; W: 7.0 cm; H: 2.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR6/4 light brown, unevenly preserved glaze 2.5YR4/6 red with brownish tint.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a. Filling-hole at left. Nozzle form Bus. 4b. Base marked off by one circular groove, with three evenly spaced dots; in center, two small concentric circles with a dot inside.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Bust of an elderly man to right with a long pointed beard.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D II 1

Date: Late Flavian to Early Antonine

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Bussière 2000, p. 194, nos. 2197–99, pl. 61 (COPPIRES), decor II.g.1.(2) (with several comparanda, all signed CCLOSVC); Bémont and Chew 2007, pp. 192, 448, pl. 23, IT 61; Kunst der Antike 11, no. 239.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

292

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.205

Dimensions: L: 10.6 cm; W: 7.2 cm; H: 2.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR6/4 light reddish brown, glaze 10R5/6 red.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a. Filling-hole left middle. Nozzle form Bus. 4b. Slightly raised base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: IVNIALEXI, African workshop active A.D. 120–200.

Discus Iconography: Frontal bust of young woman, hair centrally parted, clothing draped over left shoulder.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D II 1

Date: Hadrianic to Antonine-Severan

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Ponsich 1961, no. 254, pl. 19 (CCORVR); Kricheldorf 1962, no. 171, pl. 21 (MNIVST); Bernabò Brea and Cavalier 1965, no. 3 (CMAREVP) and no. 14 (IVNIALEX), pl. 230 (Lipari); Ennabli, Salomonson, and Mahjoubi 1973, no. 203, pl. 8 (MTMARI), no. 210 (CIVNALEX[I]), and no. 391, pl. 9 (MNOVIVSTI) (Raqqada); Joly 1974, no. 385, pl. 14; Hayes 1980, no. 236; Bailey BM III, Q 1681–Q 1682 (MNOVIVST), pl. 12; García Pereira Maia 1997, p. 48, no. Lu 9-b (QMISE) (Santa Barbara); Bussière 2000, p. 194, no. 2215, pl. 62, decor II.g.1.(11) (with further refs. with various potters’ signatures); (close) Bochum Museum, Schüller Collection, cat. no. 166, S 754 (IVNI.ALEXI) (Tunisia); cat. 293.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

Discussion: Authors of parallels hesitate whether to identify the figure in the discus as male or female. The Getty lamp points to female.

293

Inventory Number: 79.AQ.28.4

Dimensions: L: 10.4 cm; W: 7.1 cm; H: 2.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, glaze mostly 2.5YR4/4 reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a. Filling-hole left middle. Nozzle form Bus. 4b. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s signature IVNIALEXI.

Discus Iconography: Frontal bust of a young woman, hair centrally parted, clothing over her left shoulder.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D II 1

Date: Hadrianic to Antonine-Severan

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Tunisia

Parallels: Bussière 2000, p. 194, no. 2215, pl. 62, decor II.g.1.(11) (with further refs. and various potters’ signatures); cat. 292.

Provenance: – 1979, William L. Eagleton, Jr., American, 1926–2011, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1979.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

294

Inventory Number: 80.AQ.46.6

Dimensions: L: 10.5 cm; W: 7.6 cm; H: 2.4 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay near 5YR7/6 reddish yellow, glaze mostly 2.5YR5/6 red. Slight silver mica.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a. Central filling-hole with remains of corroded iron wick-nail. Nozzle form Bus. 4b. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: MNOVIV, African workshop active A.D. 120–180; incised dot below signature.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Crocodile attacked by lion on top, biting its throat.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D II 1

Date: Late Flavian to Early Antonine

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Tunisia

Parallels: Alaoui III, p. 227, nos. 2134–35 (MNOVIVSTI); Mlasowsky 1993, p. 205, no. 193; Bussière 2000, nos. 2310–11, pl. 64 (CCLOSVC, CLOHEL) (with further refs.).

Provenance: – 1980, William L. Eagleton, Jr., American, 1926–2011, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1980.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

295

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.190

Dimensions: L: 10.3 cm; W: 7.2 cm; H: 2.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR7/4 very pale brown, glaze 7.5YR5/4 brown.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII b. Filling-hole at left. Unpierced air hole slit in discus, facing nozzle. Nozzle form Bus. 4b. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Grotesque dwarf, head turned to left, standing to right on a crescent representing a boat; he is wearing a conical bonnet with pompom, holding an unclear object over his head in his raised hands.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D II 1

Date: Late Flavian to Early Antonine

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Bussière 2000, p. 190, no. 2276, pl. 63, decor II.d.10.(4).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

296

Inventory Number: 80.AQ.46.3

Dimensions: L: 10.4 cm; W: 7.3 cm; H: 2.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, glaze varying between 2.5YR4/4 reddish brown and 2.5YR5/6 red.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a. Filling-hole to left of center. Nozzle form Bus. 4b. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature CEIS in planta pedis (for CFELIS).

Discus Iconography: Bust of Diana to right, upper half of a bow in front of her.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D II 1

Date: Late Flavian to Early Antonine

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Tunisia

Parallels: (Near) Bussière 2000, no. 1931, pl. 57.

Provenance: – 1980, William L. Eagleton, Jr., American, 1926–2011, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1980.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

297

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.211

Dimensions: L: 9.0 cm; W: 6.4 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR7/3 very pale brown, uneven glaze, between 5YR5/3 reddish brown and 5YR4/2 dark reddish gray.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a. Filling-hole upper left. Small air hole in discus, facing nozzle. Nozzle form Bus. 4b. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: LMVNPHILE, Italic lampmaker possibly with African branches, active Late Flavian to Hadrianic period; above and below signature, two concentric circles.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Frontal bust of actor wearing comic mask.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D II 1

Date: Late Flavian to Early Antonine

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Bussière 2000, p. 191, no. 2253, pl. 62, decor II.e.1.(7) (with further refs.).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

298

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.185

Dimensions: L: 10.8 cm; W: 7.4 cm; H: 2.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Crack across discus and back. Clay 10YR6/3 pale brown, glaze varying between 10YR5/2 grayish brown and 10YR4/2 dark grayish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII b. Central filling-hole. Nozzle form Bus. 4b. Base marked off by circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: LMADIEC, Italic workshop, probably with African branches, active A.D. 90–140.

Discus Iconography: Frontal busts of the Dioscuri, Castor and Pollux, looking slightly to left, wearing pointed caps with a star on top.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D II 1

Date: Late Flavian to Early Antonine

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Deneauve 1969, no. 610, pl. 62 (Loeschcke V); Bailey BM II, p. 25, Q 1283, pl. 67 (LFABRICMAS), fig. 21; Bussière 2000, p. 311, no. 2015, pl. 57, and p. 166, decor I.b.8.(1) (with further refs.).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

299

Inventory Number: 81.AQ.112.6

Dimensions: L: 10.6 cm; W: 7.4 cm; H: 2.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, scant remains of glaze 10YR4/2 dark grayish brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a. Central filling-hole. Small air hole in lower discus. Nozzle form Bus. 4e. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Eight-pointed star and crescent: Sol and Luna.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D II 1

Date: Late Flavian to Early Antonine

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Italy

Parallels: Ponsich 1965, no. 20, pl. 1; Deneauve 1969, no. 739, pl. 70; Bussière 2000, nos. 1939–65, pl. 57, decor: I.b.7.(1) (with further refs.) (CLOSVC, COPPIRES, LSEMHAO).

Provenance: – 1981, Robert L. Lawson, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1981.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

300

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.555

Dimensions: L: 9.9 cm; W: 7.3 cm; H: 2.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Ring handle slightly chipped on top. Clay 5YR8/3 pink, glaze varying between 2.5YR4/3 and 2.5YR5/4 reddish brown, two shades.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a. Ring handle with start of two grooves on upper part of misshaped handle. Curved groove links each lar’s lifted hand to the altar, indicating that each is pouring liquid from the rhyton into the situla. Filling-hole above center. Nozzle form Bus. 4e. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: COPPIRES.

Discus Iconography: Two lares in short tunics and cloaks, one on each side of a lit altar flanked by two trees; both lares walking down three steps, each carrying a small situla in the inside hand, raised outside hand holding a rhyton.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D II 1

Date: Late Flavian to Early Antonine

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Unknown

Parallels: (Close) Bartoli Santi and Bellori 1702, p. 14; Brants 1913, no. 417, pl. 4 (Deneauve V G); Loeschcke 1919, no. 390, pl. 6; Ponsich 1961, no. 245, pl. 18; Mercando 1962, no. 3, pl. 7, and no. 594, pl. 61 (Loeschcke V); Heres 1972, no. 18, pl. 5 (Loeschcke III), and no. 368, pl. 41 (heart-shaped nozzle); Bailey BM II, Q 1095, pl. 38 (Bailey type G); Fitch and Goldman 1994, no. 506, pl. 3 (fr.); García Pereira Maia 1997, p. 60, no. Lu 116; Morillo Cerdán 1999, fig. 138.34 (discus fr.); Bussière 2000, nos. 2094–95, pl. 58, decor I.b.12 (with further refs.); Moscara 2003, fig. 1, no. 9; Pace 2008, p. 18 (with a different altar); cat. 310 same decor on a form Bussière D III 2.

Provenance: Before 1982, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); by 1982–1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Galerie Günter Puhze 1982, no. 269.

Discussion: The grooves from the lifted hands of the lares represent the streams of liquid (see Bailey BM II, p. 235, Q 1095; and a very explicit scene on a crater in the Kunsthistoriches Museum, Vienna, no. 910, reproduced in Matesanz Fernández 1988, p. 24, fig. 7). This conventional representation of a stream is not visible on the parallels given above. However, on cat. 310, which shows the same decor (but on a lamp Bussière form D III 2), each curved line links the rhyton to the altar and not to the situla. It may be a misrepresentation of an earlier model.

301

Inventory Number: 91.AK.47

Dimensions: L: 8.8 cm; W: 6.1 cm; H: 2.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay not visible, thick glaze near 2.5YR5/4 reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VIII b, with heavy relief ovules. Filling-hole at right. Nozzle form Bus. 4e. Blurred base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: SLMRMEVO; above and below, small double-circles; letters L and O are smaller than the others, as is usual for this signature; this is a nonsense inscription (see Bailey BM III, Q 3437, pl. 136). The lamp is a fake, purchased in Italy.

Discus Iconography: Bust of Emperor Domitian to right, wearing laurel wreath tied with streamers(?).

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D II 1

Date: Fake lamp made between 1870 and World War II (according to Bailey)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Italy

Parallels: The following lamps are all fakes. (Identical with a sharper relief) Buchholz 1961, p. 180, fig. 4a–b; Selesnow 1988, no. 428, pl. 56; Bailey BM III, Q 3437, pl. 136 (of a slightly bigger size than this lamp, with Latin inscription on discus: IMP.CAES DOMITIANVS.AVG XII); Balil 1984, no. 192 (with Latin inscription on discus: IMP.CAES DOMITIANVS.AVG XII); Bailey BM III, Q 3438, pl. 136 (without inscription); (close decor but treatment of hair on neck and base of bust slightly different): Modrewska 1992, fig. 1. For portraits of other Roman emperors on modern forgeries, see Buchholz 1961, pp. 173–87; Heres 1967, pp. 388–90; Hemelrijk 1971; Hemelrijk 1972; Bailey BM III, p. 436, Q 3431–Q 3438, pl. 136; Brehm 2004.

Provenance: – 1991, Murray C. Zimmerman, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1991.

Bibliography: Acquisitions/1991, p. 147, no. 31.

302

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.229

Dimensions: L: 10.3 cm; W: 7.3 cm; H: 2.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR6/6 reddish yellow, mottled glaze 2.5YR6/6 light red, with some darker spots 2.5YR4/4 reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a. Central filling-hole. Nozzle form Bus. 4b. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: EXOFLV/CCEIORV, African workshop active A.D. 175–225.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D II 1

Date: Late second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Given by Schüller as Asia Minor, but according to its signature, the lamp is definitely African

Parallels: Palol 1950, no. 76 (AVGENDI), fig. 109; Ponsich 1961, no. 201 (MAVRICI), pl. 17; Kricheldorf 1962, no. 168 (LVCCEI), pl. 20, no. 167 (MAVRICI), pl. 20, and no. 171 (MNIVST), pl. 21; Ennabli, Salomonson, and Mahjoubi 1973, nos. 20 (LM), 93 and 152 (NINI), 90 (LVCCEI), pl. 13, nos. 52 (EXOFIQSEM), 86 (PVLLAENI), 153 (RESTITVTI), 214 (LVCCEI), pl. 14 (Raqqada); Carthage II, nos. 25 (NVNDINI), 26 (LVCCCEI), 27 (NVNDI), pl. 4; Sapelli 1979, no. 201; Hayes 1980, nos. 231–32, pl. 23; Djuric 1995, nos. C 120–C 126; Bussière 2000, no. 1289 (LVCCE/I), pl. 54; Casas Genover and Soler Fusté 2006, no. G 873, pl. 53 (an example among several others on pls. 53–57); Bussière and Rivel 2012, no. 190.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

III.A.b.14.I.1.c Bussière form D II 2

This form is close to the standard form Bussière D II 1. The shape of its nozzle is different: it is a hybrid nozzle form mixing Bus. 3 and Bus. 4g. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII b. Discus decors: for cat. 303 an amphora (similar to cat. 339), for cat. 304 a lion. Base marked off by one circular groove. Cat. 304 has a plain planta pedis. Date: Late Flavian to Hadrianic.

303

Inventory Number: 81.AQ.112.9

Dimensions: L: 7.1 cm; W: 4.9 cm; H: 2.2 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay near 5YR7/6 reddish yellow, scant remains of glaze 10R6/6 light red.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII b. Filling-hole lower left. Hybrid nozzle form mixing Bus. 3 and 4g, a variant, with small V-shaped channel connecting it to discus. Slit air hole in channel. Blurred base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Garlanded amphora braced by a forked stick.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bailey P group ii; Bussière form D II 2

Date: Late Flavian to Hadrianic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Italy

Parallels: (Identical) Perlzweig 1961, no. 172, pl. 6; Hellmann 1987, no. 271, pl. 34; Bochum Museum, Schüller Collection, cat. no. 154, S 824 (Anatolia); (close) cat. 339, for discus decor only (with further parallels); Michelucci 1998, no. 4, pl. 79 (Iasos, Turkey) (Loeschcke VIII); on a Loeschcke type I: Di Filippo Balestrazzi 1988, vol. 2.2, no. 266a, pl. 45.

Provenance: – 1981, Robert L. Lawson, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1981.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

304

Inventory Number: 81.AQ.112.14

Dimensions: L: 7.0 cm; W: 4.8 cm; H: 2.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR7/4 pink, scant remains of glaze mostly 5YR5/3 reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII b with a row of ovolos. Filling-hole slightly below center. Hybrid nozzle form mixing Bus. 3 and 4g, variant with small V-shaped channel connecting it to discus. Base marked off by one circular groove. Plain planta pedis in center.

Discus Iconography: Lion rushing to left.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bailey P group ii; Bussière form D II 2

Date: Late Flavian to Hadrianic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Italy

Parallels: For the discus only, see Bussière 2000, decor III.a.1.(3).

Provenance: – 1981, Robert L. Lawson, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1981.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

III.A.b.14.I.1.d Bussière form D III 1

The main characteristic of form D III is a shallow body, whose diameter is larger than the standard form D II 1 (hence the appellation lampe galette, pancake lamp). Three variants can be distinguished by the shape of the nozzle and the presence or absence of square lugs on the shoulder: D III 1 with nozzle Bus. 4h has no shoulder lugs; D III 2 with nozzle Bus. 4h has two shoulder lugs; D III 3 with nozzle close to Bus. 4g with a narrow channel has two shoulder lugs. Among the Getty lamps, only variants 1 and 2 are represented. The shoulders have Loeschcke form VII b except cats. 309 and 344, which have form VII a. Discus decors: mythology (4 ex.); amphitheater (3 ex.); erotic scene (1 ex.); person (1 ex.). Four lamps have a base-ring, the others a base marked off by one circular groove. One does not have a workshop mark. Cat. 344 has a plain planta pedis. Seven lamps have a workshop signature in tria nomina: NNAELVCI (cats. 305 and 345); MNOVIVST[I] (cat. 307); LMVNPHILE (cats. 310, 346); MNOVGERM (cat. 309); and CLOHEL (cat. 308). The presence of at least three African workshops—MNOVIVST, MNOVGERM, LMVNPHILE—confirms the production of the form in Africa, as Bailey BM II surmises, p. 332. Bailey dates the form (his type P groups ii and iii) Late Flavian to Hadrianic. An examination of the time span of the seventeen workshops signing lamps of form Bussière D III found in Algeria permits us to push Bailey’s dating forward one or two decades: Late Flavian to Antonine (see Bussière 2000, p. 100, fig. 49, and comments).

Additional objects of this type: cats. 307–11, 344–45, and 346.

305

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.135

Dimensions: L: 10.5 cm; W: 8.5 cm; H: 2.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR6/4 light reddish brown, glaze between 5YR5/3 and 5YR4/3 reddish brown, two shades.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII b. Filling-hole slightly below discus center. Small air hole in discus, facing nozzle. Nozzle form Bus. 4h. Base marked off by one circular groove. Incuse inscription on discus: REGNATOR, with number XXXX under it. Potter’s incuse signature: NNAELVCI, Italic workshop active Late Flavian to Hadrianic period.

Discus Iconography: Victorious racehorse to left in front of palm tree; striated groundline.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bailey P group i; Bussière form D III 1

Date: Late Flavian to Antonine

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Deneauve 1969, no. 753, pl. 61, palm tree replaced by single palm branch and horse’s name inscribed in tabula ansata: BVBAL (signed CCLO.SVC); for a similar horse but without tree or inscription, see Bussière 2000, no. 2707, pl. 72, decor III.a.11.(7); horse and palm tree without inscription: Larese and Sgreva 1996, p. 227, no. 315; similar decor but with variant inscription on discus (VICTOR XXXX), Rodríguez Martín 2002, no. 177, pl. 34; Bochum Museum, Schüller Collection, cat. no. 172, S 844 (VICTORIVS.—) (Q.NVMICEL) (Tunisia).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

306

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.125

Dimensions: L: 13.0 cm; W: 9.3 cm; H: 3.0 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR7/2 light gray, glaze 2.5YR5/2 weak red, with a brownish tint and slightly metallic.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII b. Filling-hole lower left. Small air hole in discus, facing nozzle. Nozzle form Bus. 4h. Base-ring marked off by two circular grooves.

Discus Iconography: Venus at her toilet; she is nude, standing frontally, raising her arms to comb her hair.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bailey P group iii; Bussière form D III 1

Date: Late Flavian to Antonine

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Oziol 1977, p. 146, no. 418, pl. 22; Bailey BM III, Q 2034, pl. 43, fig. 11 (with further refs.); same theme treated differently, Joly 1974, no. 594, pl. 23.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

Discussion: The position of the frontal nude is nearly identical to similar decors on Cypriot lamps, where the figure, said to be Aphrodite, stands next to a large amphora and a pillar with a bird on it (see Oziol 1977).

III.A.b.14.I.1.e Bussière form D III 2

See introduction to cats. 305–6.

307

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.126

Dimensions: L: 12.2 cm; W: 8.8 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay near 7.5YR7/4 pink, glaze mostly 2.5YR5/6 red.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII b; square panel on each side of shoulder. Filling-hole between figures. Small unpierced air hole in shoulder groove, facing nozzle. Nozzle form Bus. 4h. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: MNOVIVSTI, African workshop active A.D. 120–180.

Discus Iconography: Two nude pugilists fighting; horizontal palm branch in front.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bailey P group iii; Bussière form D III 2

Date: Late Flavian to Antonine

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

308

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.115

Dimensions: L: 12.8 cm; W: 9.3 cm; H: 2.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR7/3 very pale brown, thin remains of glaze 10YR5/4 yellowish brown (top) and 2.5YR4/8 red (lower part).

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII b; square panel on each side of shoulder. Filling-hole slightly to right of center. Small air hole in discus, facing nozzle. Nozzle form Bus. 4h. Base-ring marked off by two grooves. Potter’s incuse signature: CLO.HEL, Italic workshop active A.D. 80–150.

Discus Iconography: Hercules killing the Stymphalian birds with bow and arrows; he is nude except for the lionskin hanging over his shoulders; Eurystheus is watching, seated at left; tree to the right of Hercules; three birds in the scene.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bailey P group iii; Bussière form D III 2

Date: Late Flavian to Antonine

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Bailey BM II, p. 34, Q 1322, fig. 31 (signed LFABRIHIR); Bonnet 1988, no. 3, fig. 6, punch Sc.c.3, interpreted as Hercules delivering Prometheus.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

309

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.101

Dimensions: L: 12.3 cm; W: 8.9 cm; H: 2.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR6/4 light brown, glaze mostly 2.5YR5/6 red.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a; square panel framed by four dots on each side of shoulder. Filling-hole in upper left field. Small unpierced air hole in lower part. Nozzle form Bus. 4h. Slightly raised base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: MNOVGERM, African workshop active A.D. 120–180.

Discus Iconography: Ulysses tied to the mast of his ship; his companions rowing to right, sail hoisted.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bailey P group iii; Bussière form D III 2

Date: Late Flavian to Antonine

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: (Close) Deneauve 1969, no. 837, pl. 77 (PVLLAENI); Joly 1974, no. 408, pl. 15; Pastorino 1990, p. 143, fig. 7.27; Rodríguez Martín 2002, no. 123, pl. 25; (identical) Bonifay 2004b, fig. 182.6 (CIVNALEX) from Pupput (Tunisia).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

310

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.114

Dimensions: L: 11.2 cm; W: 8.1 cm; H: 2.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Nozzle underside restored; modern overpaint on nozzle. Clay 10YR7/2 light gray, glaze remains mostly on top 10YR4/2 dark grayish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with start of two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII b; square panel on each side of shoulder. Filling-hole left of altar. Unpierced air hole at bottom of discus. Nozzle form Bus. 4h. Base-ring marked off by two circular grooves. Potter’s incuse signature: LMVNPHILE, Italic workshop, possibly with African branches, active Late Flavian to Hadrianic.

Discus Iconography: Two lares in short tunics and cloaks, one on either side of lit altar flanked by two trees; each lar walking down three steps carrying a small situla in inside hand, raised outside hand holding a rhyton; a curved groove links each lar’s lifted hand to the altar.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D III 2

Date: Late Flavian to Early Antonine

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: (Close) Brants 1913, no. 417, pl. 4 (Deneauve type V G); Ponsich 1961, no. 245, pl. 18; Mercando 1962, pl. 7; Deneauve 1969, no. 594, pl. 61 (Loeschcke V); Heres 1972, no. 18, pl. 5 (Loeschcke III), and no. 368, pl. 41 (heart-shaped nozzle); Djuric 1995, p. 51, no. C 144 (MNOVIVSTI); (without altar) Bailey BM II, Q 1095, fig. 26, type G (MYRO); for the general motif only, see Bussière 2000, nos. 2094–95, pl. 58, decor I.b.12 (with further refs.); (with different altar) Pace 2008, p. 18; Moscara 2003, fig. 1.9; (similar decor) cat. 300 (Loeschcke VIII).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

Discussion: According to Bailey, each lar is pouring liquid from a rhyton into a situla, the groove representing the stream of liquid (see Bailey BM II, p. 235, Q 1095). This conventional representation of a stream is not visible on the parallels listed above, which are mostly slightly blurred. On this lamp the curved lines link the rhyta to the altar, not to the situlae. It may be a misrepresentation of an earlier model as seen in Bailey’s BM II, Q 1095.

311

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.116

Dimensions: L: 12.9 cm; W: 9.2 cm; H: 2.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, glaze mostly 2.5YR6/6 light red.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII b; square panel on each side of shoulder. Filling-hole in left middle of discus. Nozzle form Bus. 4h. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: MNOVIVST, African workshop active A.D. 120–180.

Discus Iconography: One of the Dioscuri—Castor or Pollux—in front of a horse, holding reins in his right hand and a long spear in his left; on his head, a pointed cap with a star on top.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bailey P group iii; Bussière form D III 2

Date: Second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Bussière 2000, p. 166, no. 2985, pl. 80, decor I.b.8.(2); (close to nozzle form Bus. 2c) Larese and Sgreva 1996, p. 232, no. 344 (CCLOSVC).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Manzoni Macdonnell 1984, figs. 3, 4.

III.A.b.14.I.1.f Bussière form D VII

This type has a wide basin, much larger than the average size of the standard form Bussière D II 1: 9.4 cm instead of 7 cm. The shoulder form can be Loeschcke VI b, VII b, or VIII b. The nozzle form varies.

Cat. 312 has white-greenish thick vitreous glaze, shoulder form Loeschcke VI b, and nozzle form Bus. 4e. Its discus is decorated with a myrtle wreath. Its narrow base is slightly raised and impressed by an illegible incuse workshop signature.

Cats. 313 and 314 have shoulder form Loeschcke VIII b and plain discus. Their base is marked off by one circular groove. Cat. 313 has an African workshop signature, EXOF/ICINA/LVCI, active in the second century A.D. Cat. 314 likewise shows an African workshop signature, LVCCEIO/RVM, active A.D. 175–225. LVCI signed two Algerian lamps of Bussière form D VII (Bussière 2000, p. 340, nos. 2878–79). Date: Second half of the second century A.D.

312

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.464

Dimensions: L: 15.8 cm; W: 11.2 cm; H: 3.4 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR7/2–6/2 pinkish gray, different shades of vitreous glaze GLEY 1, 10GY8/1 to 10GY7/1 light greenish gray; on left bottom a few darker splashes 5G near 5/2 grayish green.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle. Outward-sloping plain shoulder, separated from discus by a circular thin groove, Loeschcke form VII b(?). Central filling-hole. Rounded nozzle form Bus. 4e. Small slightly raised circular base with blurred illegible workshop mark.

Discus Iconography: Myrtle wreath without berries.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D VII

Date: Second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Novaesium (Germany)

Parallels: None found. For other myrtle wreaths, see Bailey BM II, p. 87, fig. 101.

Provenance: By 1973, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); – 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Antiken aus Rheinischem Privatbesitz, p. 125, no. 191, pl. 85.

313

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.277

Dimensions: L: 11.4 cm; W: 8.4 cm; H: 3.1 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR7/3 very pale brown, scant traces of glaze 10YR4/2 dark grayish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VIII b. Central filling-hole. Small air hole in lower part. Nozzle form Bus. 4a. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incised signature EXOF/ICINA/LVCI, African workshop active second century A.D.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D VII

Date: Second half of second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Palol 1950, no. 76, fig. 109 (AVGENDI); Ponsich 1961, no. 201, pl. 17 (MAVRICI); Kricheldorf 1962, nos. 167 (MAVRICI) and 168 (LVCCEI), pl. 20; Ennabli, Salomonson, and Mahjoubi 1973, no. 20 (LM), pl. 13, nos. 93 and 152 (NINI), 90 (LVCCEI), pl. 14, nos. 52 (EXOFIQSEM), 86 (PVLLAENI), 153 (RESTITVTI), and 214 (LVCCEI), pl. 14 (Raqqada); Carthage II, nos. 25 (NVNDINI), 26 (LCCCEI), and 27 (NVNDI), pl. 4; Sapelli 1979, no. 201; Hayes 1980, nos. 231–32, pl. 23; Djuric 1995, nos. C 120–C 126; Bussière 2000, no. 1289, pl. 54, no. 2884, pl. 77, and nos. 3733 and 3769, pl. 107; Casas Genover and Soler Fusté 2006, no. G 873, pl. 53 (several examples on pls. 53–57); Bussière and Rivel 2012, no. 190 (Tebessa); cat. 314.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

314

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.279

Dimensions: L: 10.9 cm; W: 8.0 cm; H: 3.0 cm

Condition and Fabric: Crack in joint on left side. Clay 10YR7/3 very pale brown, scant traces of glaze mostly 10YR4/2 dark grayish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VIII b. Central filling-hole. Small air hole in lower part. Nozzle form Bus. 4a. Slightly raised base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incised signature: LVCCEIO/RVM, African workshop active A.D. 175–225.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D VII

Date: Second half of second century A.D., possibly until first quarter of third century

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Ennabli, Salomonson, and Mahjoubi 1973, type 11, series 2, group 4, pl. 14; (close) Bussière 2000, no. 2884, pl. 77; cat. 313.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

III.A.b.14.I.1.g Bussière form D X 1

The group of form D X 1 lamps is characterized by ovolo decor on the shoulders. The shoulder forms seldom fall neatly into Loeschcke’s classification; the dominant form is a mixture of Loeschcke VII a and VIII b. The later examples of form D X 1 are bigger than the standard form D II 1. The African and Italic Getty lamps have nozzle form Bus. 4a and 4f, or, in the case of cat. 373, form Bus. 11. The eastern examples have form Bus. 10b, although, as said in the introduction to cats. 357–59, the difference between variants Bus. 10a and 10b is not always clear.

The nozzle underside of some lamps is decorated with a typical motif consisting of a band of tongues between two twisted lines: see cats. 366–67, 369, and 373(?). Discus decors: mythology (16 ex.); amphitheater (4 ex.); circus (1 ex.); animals (4 ex.); person (1 ex.); daily life (1 ex., two fishermen in a boat). One lamp has a plain discus. Eleven lamps have a base marked off by one circular groove, one with two circular grooves. Fourteen have a base-ring, often accompanied by an additional inner ring or circle, for instance, cats. 369 and 373. Two examples have two and three rings.

Workshop signatures: cats. 315–16, EXOFICI/NA.C.V.S., an African workshop active ca. A.D. 175–225; cat. 362, Q.NVMICEL, an Italic workshop active from the end of the Flavian to the Hadrianic period; cat. 364, PVLLAENO/RV, a well-known African workshop active from late Antonine to Severan; cats. 367 and 374 have three vertical stylized palm branches, a workshop mark often seen on African lamps of the second half of the second century A.D. Eastern lamps cats. 418–19, 422, and 424–27 have a plain planta pedis. Cats. 314 and 373 show an ovo motif on their base, which may be the mark of one or several African workshops. Cat. 421’s base shows a leaf, which may also be the mark of one specific workshop.

Ovolo decoration on lamp shoulders existed already on Hellenistic lamps. On Roman lamps ovolos are seen, although rarely, on earlier types such as Loeschcke type I (cat. 83) or Loeschcke type V (cat. 245). On lamps of early Loeschcke type VIII, ovolos became a common decoration, as on Bailey type O groups i and ii, dated Claudian to Flavian, or group v dated Flavian to Trajanic. In those different groups the ovolos are small. Around the mid-second century A.D. the ovolos get bigger and longer, and they may take a rectangular shape and be impressed very close to one another (see Bailey BM II, type Q group vii, Q 1382, Q 1383, pl. 81). Hence the distinction made in Bussière form D X 1 between variants a and c (Bussière 2000, pp. 105–6).

The Getty lamps belonging to group a are assigned to the first half of the second century. Those belonging to group c—all African—are dated Late Antonine to Severan times. It is worth noting that the ten eastern examples all have practically the same small ovolos, which may at least indicate a unique geographical origin at the moment of their purchase, presumably Asia Minor. Missing any dated comparanda, we assign them to the second century, with a preference for the second half.

Additional objects of this type: cats. 348, 360–74, and 418–27.

315

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.208

Dimensions: L: 10.1 cm; W: 7.8 cm; H: 2.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Part of left shoulder blurred. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, mottled glaze varying between 5YR5/6 yellowish red and 5YR4/3 reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves. Shoulder: variant of Loeschcke form VIII b, with a row of double-ovolos, separated from the discus by a herringbone-pattern between two grooves. Filling-hole in left part. Small air hole in discus, facing nozzle. Nozzle form Bus. 4a. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: EXOFICI/NA.C.V.S., African workshop active end of second to early third century A.D.; double ovolo under signature.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Bust of Serapis, body frontal, head to left, wearing calathus and draped garment; scepter at right.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 1

Date: Late second to early third century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Given by Schüller as being from Asia Minor, but the lamp with its signature is African

Parallels: Alaoui III, p. 208, no. K 1972 (El Aouja); (close) Deneauve 1969, no. 823, pl. 66 (EXOFFMAVRICI); Bussière 2000, p. 169, no. 3132, pl. 85, decor I.c.1.(1) (with further refs.); cat. 316 and cat. 348.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

316

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.219

Dimensions: L: 11.6 cm; W: 8.5 cm; H: 3.1 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, glaze mostly 7.5YR6/6 reddish yellow.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves. Shoulder: variant of Loeschcke form VIII b, with a row of double-ovolos, separated from the discus by a circle of herringbone-pattern between two grooves. Filling-hole in right middle of discus. Small air hole in lower discus. Nozzle form Bus. 4a or 4f. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: EXOFICI/NA.C.V.S.; similar signature on cat. 315.

Discus Iconography: Bust of Serapis, frontal body, head to left, wearing calathus, rich locks; scepter at right.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 1

Date: Late second to early third century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: (Close) Deneauve 1969, no. 823, pl. 76 (EXOFMAVRICI); Bussière 2000, p. 169, no. 3132, pl. 85, decor I.c.1.(1) (with further refs.); cat. 315 and cat. 348 are similar but not from the same mold.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

III.A.b.14.I.1.h Bussière form D X 2

This form groups lamps with a decor of slanted rays on the shoulders, which seems to be exclusively African. The nozzle form can vary: on the seven Getty examples one finds forms Bus. 4f, 4f var., and 6. All lamps have Loeschcke shoulder form VIII b. Among the discus decors: two homoerotic scenes (cats. 317 and 318), three mythological scenes (Acheloüs, faun, Pegasus), and two animals (eagle, lion). Four bases are marked off by one circular groove, three have a base-ring. Four lamps lack a signature or a mark on their bases (cats. 318, 320–22). Cat. 319 is signed LVCCE/[——](?). Cat. 375 is signed AVGVS/TIANI, an African workshop A.D. 175–225. Cat. 317 has the workshop signature EXOFICINA.C.V.S. on its discus, which is most exceptional on first- and second-century lamps, but may occur, although rarely, on a few third-century examples. The same lamp also has a signature on its base: MMPAXIM[—]. The workshop signature C.V.S., attested on cats. 315–16, 317, appears on four lamps in Alaoui III, the catalogue of the former Bardo Museum in Tunis. The first of those lamps, published in Alaoui III (p. 202, cat. no. 1921) and by Merlin in BCTH 1911, p. CCXII, is most convincing about its African identity and the location of the workshop that signs C.V.S.; this lamp, whose discus shows two busts (Isis and Serapis), is marked: EX OFICI/NA C.V.S./ABAQVAS/REGIAS. It was found at El Djem in central Tunisia, not far from the Roman city of Aquae Regiae. A very similar lamp with the same discus decor and an identical signature has been found in Raqqada, not far from Aquae Regiae (Ennabli, Salomonson, and Mahjoubi 1973, no. 400, pl. 20). The second lamp in Alaoui III (p. 208, cat. no. 1972, also published by Merlin, BCTH 1916, p. CCXII, note 3) is signed EXOFFICI/NA C.V.S. Found in El Aouja, its discus shows the bust of Serapis alone with calathus and scepter, as on cats. 315–16 and 348. The third lamp in Alaoui III (p. 208, cat. no. 1971) is signed C.V.S. alone, showing on the discus the same bust of Serapis with calathus and scepter. The fourth one in Alaoui III (p. 236, cat. no. 2212) was found in El Aouja. It is decorated with a bull, and its base bears a long inscription, partly illegible CVS/[––]VMI [——]/[———], with the letters C.V.S. clearly impressed. Because of their signatures, the African place of manufacture or origin of the seven Getty lamps of Bussière form D X 2 is fully confirmed.

Additional objects of this type: cat. 375.

317

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.396

Dimensions: L: 10.1 cm; W: 8.4 cm; H: 3.0 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, thin remains of glaze near 2.5YR6/6 light red.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on both parts. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VIII b, with closely spaced slanted criss-crossing lines, separated from discus by convex ridge marked off by two grooves. Filling-hole slightly above discus center; remains of iron corrosion. Small air hole in lower part, facing nozzle. Nozzle form Bus. 6; on underside, band of closely spaced rays between two narrow notched grooves. Base marked off by one circular groove. Two-line inscription on base: MMPAXI // M—(?); workshop signature EXOFICINA.C.V.S. inscribed at top of discus.

Discus Iconography: Homoerotic scene: big-bellied nude bearded man at left having sex with nude lean young partner kneeling at right (coitus a tergo), both to right; the youth is wearing a necklace with what seems to be a bulla.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 2

Date: A.D. 175–225

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Djuric 1995, p. 48, no. C 132; Arslan 2001, p. 50, no. 68, inv. no. A.1984; Bonham’s 2003, lot 10370.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

Discussion:
A workshop signature (EXOFICINA C.V.S.) inscribed on top of the discus is very unusual on first- or second-century Roman lamps, but it occurs occasionally on African lamps of the third century and later. Since the workshop name already figures on the discus of the lamp, could the inscription on the base be the name of the potter himself and not that of the workshop? It is exceptional that two different names are inscribed, one on the discus (the workshop), the other (the potter[?]) on the base. Among the thousands of African lamps Bussière has studied, he has never seen a similar case.

The rays on the underside of the nozzle are a common decor on third-century African lamps.

318

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.400

Dimensions: L: 10.8 cm; W: 8.2 cm; H: 2.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR8/3 very pale brown, flaked thin glaze 10YR5/2 grayish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Solid round vertical handle with two grooves on both parts. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VIII b, with closely spaced slanted rays. Central filling-hole. Small air hole in lower part. Nozzle form Bus. 6; underside has a band of closely spaced rays. Base surrounded by a circular ridge.

Discus Iconography: Homoerotic scene to right, coitus a tergo close to cat. 317; nearly same position of the two partners, except that the big-bellied bearded man at left is here standing holding what is possibly a book scroll: parody of a teacher(?).

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 2

Date: A.D. 175–225

Place of Manufacture or Origin: None given, but certainly African

Parallels: Djuric 1995, p. 48, no. C 132; Arslan 2001, p. 50, inv. no. A.1984; Bonham’s 2003, lot 10370; cat. 317.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

Discussion: The closely spaced rays on the underside of the nozzle are a recurrent feature of late second- and early third-century African lamps. For a description of this nozzle decor, see Ennabli, Salomonson, and Mahjoubi 1973, p. 125, series 1, group 3 (Raqqada).

319

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.213

Dimensions: L: 9.9 cm; W: 7.7 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR6/4 light brown, glaze 7.5YR5/4 brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part, one on lower. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VIII b, with closely spaced impressed rays, each with a dot at inner end. Filling-hole in lower field. Small air hole beneath it. Nozzle form close to Bus. 4f; band of vertical short lines separating nozzle from discus. Raised base-ring marked off by two circular grooves. Potter’s incuse signature: LVCCE/I, African workshop active A.D. 175–225.

Discus Iconography: Human face with strongly accentuated features, wrinkled forehead, large staring eyes, thick curved bushy eyebrows, nose with wide-open bovine nostrils, and a curious V-shaped notched line indicating a bearded collar.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 2

Date: A.D. 175–225

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: (Identical) Kricheldorf 1962, no. 176, pl. 20 (LASCI/VI); Deneauve 1969, no. 731, pl. 69; Kunst der Antike 10, no. 240 (LVCCEI); Casas Genover and Soler Fusté 2006, no. G 1168, pl. 78; for Acheloüs motifs, see Liesen 1994, pp. 26 and 40; Bussière 1998, pp. 299–303 (with further refs.); Raselli-Nydegger 1998, no. 80, pl. 41; Hanotte 2005, no. 52, pl. 64 (fr.); Bochum Museum, Schüller Collection, cat. no. 40, S 637 (Loeschcke I) (Anatolia).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

Discussion: Kricheldorf interprets an identical lamp as a bull mask. There is a link with a lamp signed PVLLAENI of the same date, representing Acheloüs’s face (Bussière 1998). The horns and the bull’s ears are not shown on this lamp, perhaps because of lack of space, but the treatment of the bearded collar, nostrils, and staring eyes recalls similar decors, especially cat. 463 and the lamp studied in Bussière 1998.

320

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.212

Dimensions: L: 10.0 cm; W: 7.5 cm; H: 2.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Chipped left side. Clay 7.5YR6/4 light brown, glaze mostly 5YR6/6 reddish yellow.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with two grooves. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VIII b, with closely spaced short rays. Filling-hole in left part. Nozzle form Bus. 4f. Base-ring marked off by two circular grooves.

Discus Iconography: Faun’s face with very narrow forehead, closely spaced staring eyes, pointed ears, straight nose starting from top of head, thick nostrils, and large stylized beard.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 2

Date: A.D. 175–225

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: (Close) Ponsich 1961, no. 282, pl. 21, and no. 923, pl. 34; Joly 1974, no. 417, pl. 15 (Sabratha); Bailey BM III, p. 9, Q 1702, pl. 14, fig. 13; Bussière 2000, p. 354, no. 3282, pl. 91, and p. 158, decor I.a.10.(14) (with further refs.); Chrzanovski et al. 2000, p. 54, no. 11, pl. 3 (Musée de Vuiz-Faverges); Casas Genover and Soler Fusté 2006, no. G 1086, pl. 71, and no. G 1161, pl. 77.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

Discussion: Casas Genover and Soler Fusté (2006) interpret the decor on this discus as the face of Silenus. The caprine ears suggest rather a faun.

321

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.391.10

Dimensions: L: 9.5 cm; W: 7.2 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact; from worn mold. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, thin glaze 2.5YR6/6 light red.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on both upper and lower parts. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VIII b, with closely spaced short rays. Filling-hole and air hole in lower part. Nozzle form Bus. 4f. Slightly raised base-ring marked off by two circular grooves.

Discus Iconography: Pegasus to right.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 2

Date: A.D. 175–225

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Unknown but presumably African

Parallels: (Close) Deneauve 1969, no. 819, pl. 66 (ATILIANI); (identical) Casas Genover and Soler Fusté 2006, p. 206, no. G 1172, pl. 78 (refs. to close discus decors); Gorny and Mosch 2007b, p. 184, lot 498.

Provenance: – 1983, Robert L. Lawson, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

322

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.155

Dimensions: L: 15.2 cm; W: 11.1 cm; H: 3.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR7/3 pink, glaze 5YR6/6 reddish yellow.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VIII b, with closely spaced impressed rays ending in small dots on interior. Nozzle form Bus. 6(?). Filling-hole a little below discus center. Unpierced air hole in discus, facing nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Frontal eagle with spreading wings, head to left.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 2

Date: A.D. 175–225

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: (Close) Deneauve 1969, no. 773, pl. 73, and no. 949, pl. 76; Bussière 2000, p. 324, no. 2399, pl. 66, and p. 203, decor III.b.1.(10) (with further refs.).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

III.A.b.14.I.2.a Bussière form D I 1

Because of its nozzle Loeschcke shape K, its absence of handle, and its shoulder of Loeschcke form VI b, we are inclined to place 323 in Bussière form D I 1 rather than in Bailey O group ii, whose lamps all have a handle.

323

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.158

Dimensions: L: 7.6 cm; W: 6.6 cm; H: 2.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR6/4 light brown, glaze mostly 10YR4/2 dark grayish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form IV a. Shoulder interrupted by a short V-shaped channel in front of nozzle. Concave discus. Central filling-hole with remains of corroded iron wick-nail. Nozzle form Bus. 1. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bailey O group i; Bussière form D I 1

Date: Claudian to Early Flavian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: None found. For the small channel, see Bussière 2000, nos. 1068 and 1088, pl. 52.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

III.A.b.14.I.2.b Bussière form D I 2

Because of their nozzle form Bus. 2a, the absence of a handle, and the ovolo decoration of the shoulder, cats. 324–25 are classified as Bussière form D I 2, even though cat. 325 has a flat shoulder and not the Loeschcke shoulder form VI b that cat. 324 has.

324

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.195

Dimensions: L: 7.3 cm; W: 6.2 cm; H: 2.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR6/4 light brown, glaze mostly 10R5/6 red.

Description: Moldmade. Rounded shoulder with a row of ovolos, separated from concave discus by convex ridge marked off by two grooves. Rather large filling-hole in lower part. Nozzle form Bus. 2a. Slightly raised base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: C.L. For this Italic mark, see CIL 15, no. 6344.

Discus Iconography: Lion rushing to left.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bailey O group i; Bussière form D I 2

Date: Claudian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: Morillo Cerdán 1999, no. 229, motif 112 (with further refs.); Bussière 2000, p. 195, no. 1057, pl. 51, decor III.a.1.(3) (with further refs.); Allison 2006, no. 80, pl. 5 (Loeschcke IV).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

325

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.209

Dimensions: L: 8.8 cm; W: 7.6 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact; incrustations. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, glaze 2.5YR5/6 red.

Description: Moldmade. Flat shoulder with a row of ovolos separated from concave discus by a convex ridge marked off by two grooves. Two almost symmetrical filling-holes in lower field. Nozzle form Bus. 2a. Blurred sunken base with incrustations.

Discus Iconography: Majestic frontal bust of bearded Jupiter, eagle with spreading wings below.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bailey O group i/ii; Bussière form D I 2

Date: Claudian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: None found. For bust of Jupiter and eagle, see Bussière 2000, p. 151, decor I.a; (near) Allison 2006, no. 175, pls. 10 and 128, no. 757, pl. 56 (Loeschcke IV), and no. 1612, pl. 128.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

III.A.b.14.I.2.c Bussière form C II/D I 3

This lamp is a hybrid form related to form C II with its side-lugs and narrow V-shaped channel, and to form D I 3 with its nozzle form Bus. 3.

326

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.236

Dimensions: L: 9.0 cm; W: 9.0 cm; H: 2.9 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 2.5YR6/6 light red, glaze mostly 2.5YR4/6 red, brownish shade.

Description: Moldmade. Deep basin. Shoulder: Loeschcke form II a; two wavy side-lugs. Small V-shaped channel from discus to top of nozzle. Nozzle form Bus. 3 variant. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Winged griffin to left, its right forepaw on its prey (the head of a deer[?]).

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form C II/D I 3

Date: Second half of first century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: Bailey BM III, Q 2400, pl. 63 (Loeschcke IV); Potentia 2001, no. 50 (Loeschcke I).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

III.A.b.14.I.2.d Bussière form D I 3

See introduction to cats. 278–82.

327

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.173

Dimensions: L: 9.3 cm; W: 7.7 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Crack all around shoulder, between discus and wick-hole, several on base. Clay 10YR7/2 light gray, glaze mostly 10YR4/3 dark brown.

Description: Moldmade. Flat shoulder, separated from discus by a molding consisting of a flat-topped ridge and two thin rounded ones. Filling-hole above discus center, substantial remains of corroded iron wick-nail. Nozzle form Bus. 3. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Oak wreath of six leaves tied at top.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D I 3

Date: Claudian to Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: Bailey BM II, Q 1212, pl. 7; Bailey BM III, p. 89, Q 2486, fig. 113; Goethert-Polaschek 1985, p. 268, motif M 221. All these lamps of Loeschcke type VIII are slightly different but have the same discus decor.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

328

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.391

Dimensions: L: 9.8 cm; W: 8.3 cm; H: 2.9 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR4/1 dark gray, glaze 10YR3/1 very dark gray.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII b. Central filling-hole within three circular bands. Nozzle form Bus. 3. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Rosette with twenty-two petals.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D I 3

Date: Claudian to Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Central Anatolia

Parallels: (Close) Bailey BM II, p. 86, Q 857, fig. 100.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

329

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.177

Dimensions: L: 10.0 cm; W: 6.9 cm; H: 2.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10R6/4 pale red, glaze varying between 10R5/8 red (top) and 10R4/6 red, darker shade (base).

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Deep basin. Shoulder: Loeschcke VI a; two small impressed circles on nozzle base. Filling-hole in right lower part. Slit air hole in molding, facing nozzle. Nozzle form Bus. 3. Raised base-ring.

Discus Iconography: Eagle to right (sometimes interpreted as a parrot), with conspicuous claws; winged caduceus above.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D I 3

Date: Late Flavian to second half of second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: (Loeschcke IV) Brun and Gagnière 1937, no. 149 and K137; Bailey BM II, Q 906; Bémont and Chew 2007, pp. 253, 468, pl. 43, GA 106.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

330

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.162

Dimensions: L: 11.0 cm; W: 7.8 cm; H: 3.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Small hole in right wall. Clay near 5YR7/4 pink, glaze 10R5/8 red.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves. Deep basin. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a. Central filling-hole. Small unpierced air hole in lower part. Nozzle form Bus. 3, with two small impressed circles on shoulder above it. Slightly raised base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D I 3

Date: Late Flavian to second half of second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: (Close) Deneauve 1969, no. 809, pl. 75.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

331

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.160

Dimensions: L: 9.2 cm; W: 6.5 cm; H: 3.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10R6/6 light red, glaze 10R5/6 red, browner shade.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Deep basin. Shoulder: Loeschcke form IV a. Concave discus. Central filling-hole. Nozzle form Bus. 3. Base marked off by one circular groove. Plain planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D I 3

Date: Late Flavian to second half of second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Southern Anatolia

Parallels: (Close) Bussière 2000, no. 1089, pl. 52.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

332

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.181

Dimensions: L: 9.4 cm; W: 6.8 cm; H: 3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Tip of nozzle chipped. Clay 2.5YR6/6 light red, faint traces of glaze 2.5YR5/4 reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves. Deep basin. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VI b. Filling-hole in upper part. Air hole in discus, facing nozzle. Nozzle form Bus. 3. Blurred base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Big peaceful lion to right drinking from a cantharus held by a winged Cupid sitting at right.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D I 3

Date: Late Flavian to second half of second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: (Close) Leibundgut 1977, p. 144, no. 409, pl. 29, motif 70 (Loeschcke type IV), a more elaborate scene showing the same lion drinking, but in upper field a big crater, a column with a mask atop, and a thyrsus at left. Leibundgut gives several refs. to such dionysiac representations, especially on sarcophagi. For a similar theme treated differently, see Loeschcke 1919, no. 10, pl. 4, and no. 662, pl. 66 (fr.); Heres 1972, no. 36, pl. 7 (Loeschcke I); Bailey BM III, Q 1886, pl. 32, fig. 17; Mlasowsky 1993, p. 133, no. 113; Morillo Cerdán 1999, no. 19, fig. 137; Morillo Cerdán 2003a, p. 539, no. 7, fig. 65; Bémont and Chew 2007, p. 59, decor 30, pp. 177–78, 438, pl. 13, IT 6. In most cases the lion is in left profile, with one Cupid on its back and another holding out a crater out of which the animal is drinking.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

333

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.187

Dimensions: L: 9.8 cm; W: 7.0 cm; H: 3.0 cm

Condition and Fabric: Chipped handle. Clay 2.5YR6/6 light red, a few traces of glaze 10R6/8 light red; many traces of white engobe: Red-on-White lamp. Some gold mica.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Deep body. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VI b. Filling-hole on left side. Small air hole in discus, facing nozzle. Nozzle form Bus. 3. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Frontal head of bearded and half-bald Silenus.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D I 3

Date: Late Flavian to second half of second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: Loeschcke, Willers, and Niessen 1911, no. 1884, pl. 77; Brants 1913, no. 730, pl. 5 (signed B.L.); Waldhauer 1914, no. 542, pl. 51 (Loeschcke IV); Loeschcke 1919, no. 362, pl. 5 (Loeschcke IV); (close) Vikić-Belančić 1976, no. 6, pl. 5 (Loeschcke I); Farka 1977, no. 1080, pl. 63 (with further refs.); Chrzanovski and Zhuravlev 1998, no. 36; Heimerl 2001, nos. 310–11, pl. 8 (Pergamon); (close) Bémont and Chew 2007, pp. 190, 447, pl. 22, IT 56.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

334

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.402

Dimensions: L: 10.2 cm; W: 7.4 cm; H: 2.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Crack under nozzle; burn marks on nozzle. Clay 5YR7/6 reddish yellow, glaze 10R6/8 light red. Powdery gold mica.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with three grooves on both parts. Outward-sloping shoulder, separated from discus by inward-sloping molding; small circle impressed on each side of handle and two more in front of nozzle. Filling-hole upper left. Slit air hole in lower part. Nozzle form Bus. 3. Base-ring marked off by two circular grooves.

Discus Iconography: Erotic scene on bed, man at left and woman at right. The slightly blurred decor makes the reading unclear.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D I 3

Date: Late Flavian to second half of second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

335

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.180

Dimensions: L: 9.8 cm; W: 6.8 cm; H: 2.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR6/4 light brown, glaze 10R6/6 light red.

Description: Moldmade. Outward-sloping shoulder, separated from discus by an inward-sloping molding; three globules close to nozzle. Filling-hole in lower field. Slit air hole in upper field. Nozzle form Bus. 3. Base-ring marked off by one external circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Winged Cupid to left standing on groundline at right, pulling a ram by its horns. Groundline.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D I 3

Date: Late Flavian to second half of second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: None found; (close discus decor, with another profile) Bochum Museum, Schüller Collection, cat. no. 279, S 774 (Anatolia) (with planta pedis).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

336

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.168

Dimensions: L: 9.7 cm; W: 7.0 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR6/6 reddish yellow, mottled glaze mostly 2.5YR5/6 red, darker in spots.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Deep body. Flat shoulder with a row of ovolos, separated from discus by a circular ridge marked off by two grooves. Filling-hole to right of center. Nozzle form Bus. 3. Base-ring marked off by two circular grooves.

Discus Iconography: Stave-dancer performing with sticks in each hand; nude except for loincloth.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D I 3

Date: Late Flavian to second half of second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: Kunst der Antike 13, no. 145. For stave-dancers and grotesques, see Bailey BM II, p. 60, fig. 64. Bochum Museum, Schüller Collection, cat. no. 148, S 819 (Anatolia).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

337

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.196

Dimensions: L: 7.8 cm; W: 5.4 cm; H: 2.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Crack on left side. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, flaked glaze 10YR5/3 brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part, one on lower. Sloping shoulder with a row of globules totally encircling discus; continuous molding separating shoulder from discus. Filling-hole in lower part. Rounded nozzle Bus. form 3. Base marked off by one circular groove; plain planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: Lion running to left.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D I 3

Date: Second century A.D.(?)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: Bussière 2000, p. 195, nos. 1101–2, pl. 53 (close), decor III.a.1.(3).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

III.A.b.14.I.2.e Bailey type O group vi

Bailey classifies in his type O group vi lamps of Loeschcke type VIII that “do not fall within the more rigid canons of [Bailey’s] types P and Q” (Bailey BM II, p. 310). The nozzle of cat. 338 has form Bus. 10c, a variant of the heart-shaped nozzle appearing in the second century A.D. (see, e.g., Deneauve 1969, nos. 904–6, pl. 82; Bailey BM II, Q 1249, pl. 63; or Bailey BM III, Q 3079 and Q 3081, pl. 103). However, an earlier nearly similar nozzle form, Loeschcke nozzle form K or Bus. 1, can be seen on first-century lamps (e.g., Bailey BM II, Q 1203–Q 1205, pl. 56; or Deneauve 1969, nos. 899–901, pl. 82). Therefore it would be wrong to attribute nozzle form Bus. 1 (instead of Bus. 10c) to cat. 338, which must be dated no earlier than the first half of the second century A.D.

338

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.112

Dimensions: L: 11.2 cm; W: 7.5 cm; H: 2.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, glaze 10R5/8 red; partly burned brownish.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VI b. Filling-hole left middle. Small air hole slit in front of nozzle. Nozzle form Bus. 1. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Frontal bust of a young man, bare-chested except for a mantle over his shoulders and fastened in front.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bailey type O group vi

Date: Flavian to Early Antonine

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

III.A.b.14.I.2.f Bussière form D II 1

See introduction to cats. 283–302.

339

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.176

Dimensions: L: 9.0 cm; W: 6.3 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR6/3 light reddish brown, scant remains of glaze 2.5YR5/6 red, with a few spots burned(?) dark.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VI b. Filling-hole in lower left. Nozzle form Bus. 4a. Slightly raised base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Garlanded amphora with tip set in flat base, braced by a forked stick; wreath to the left of the amphora.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D II 1

Date: Late Flavian to Early Antonine

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: Loeschcke, Willers, and Niessen 1911, no. 1903, pl. 81, Iványi 1935, no. 12, pl. 45 (Loeschcke IV); Bachofen and Meuli 1958, no. 3, pl. 10 (Loeschcke I); Perlzweig 1961, no. 172, pl. 6 (with further refs.); Di Filippo Balestrazzi 1988, vol. 2.2, no. 266a, pl. 45 (Loeschcke I), motif II.a.4.16 (with further refs.); Fischer and Welling 1984, no. 16, pl. 24 (near type Fabricotti Ia); Dusenbery 1998, p. 834, no. W9–1 (heart-shaped nozzle); Potentia 2001, p. 134 (Loeschcke I); cat. 303 (same discus decor).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

340

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.391.8

Dimensions: L: 11.1 cm; W: 7.3 cm; H: 2.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, glaze 2.5YR5/6 red.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a. Filling-hole slightly below center. Nozzle form Bus. 4a. Slightly raised base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: Q.M.Q.

Discus Iconography: Griffin to left, right foreleg on head of a prey (deer[?]).

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D II 1

Date: Late Flavian to Early Antonine

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Greece

Parallels: Oziol 1977, nos. 365–70, pl. 20 (Loeschcke IV); Portulano 1996, p. 73, no. 37, fig. 14 (Loeschcke IV); Bussière 2000, p. 176, no. 71, pl. 19 (Loeschcke I) (further refs. given for Bussière types B I and B III.1).

Provenance: – 1983, Robert L. Lawson, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

341

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.391.3

Dimensions: L: 10.4 cm; W: 7.3 cm; H: 2.2 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact; discus stained by green corrosion traces from bronze object (wick-needle or coin). Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, glaze varying between 10YR5/2 grayish brown and 10YR4/1 dark gray.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII, with a row of impressed dots. Central filling-hole. Small round air hole in lower field. Nozzle form Bus. 4a. Base-ring marked off by two circular grooves.

Discus Iconography: Rosette with sixteen petals.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D II 1

Date: Late Flavian to Early Antonine

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Greece

Parallels: Bussière 2000, no. 2197, pl. 61, decor II.g.1(2).

Provenance: – 1983, Robert L. Lawson, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

342

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.391.9

Dimensions: L: 9.5 cm; W: 6.8 cm; H: 2.2 cm

Condition and Fabric: Tiny hole on nozzle underside. Clay 5YR6/4 light reddish brown, uneven glaze varying between 10R5/4 and 10R4/4 weak red, in two shades of brownish tint.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a. Filling-hole just below center. Nozzle form Bus. 4a. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: CLO.HEL, Italic workshop active A.D. 80–150; plain planta pedis left top, above signature.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Myrtle wreath.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D II 1

Date: Late Flavian to Early Antonine

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Greece

Parallels: (Close) Heres 1972, no. 294, pl. 34 (COPPIRES); Bussière 2000, p. 210, no. 2549, pl. 68, decor IV.b.5.(3) (with further refs.).

Provenance: – 1983, Robert L. Lawson, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

343

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.140

Dimensions: L: 11.2 cm; W: 8.2 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Crack from right side of discus to tip of nozzle. Clay near 5YR6/4 light reddish brown, mottled glaze 2.5YR5/4 and 5YR4/2 from reddish brown to dark reddish gray.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VI a. Filling-hole slightly under discus center. Small air hole facing nozzle. Nozzle form Bus. 3a. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s signature: QNVMICEL.

Discus Iconography: Boar running to left on groundline.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D II 1

Date: Late Flavian to Early Antonine

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: (Identical) Deneauve 1969, no. 759, pl. 62 (QNVMICEL); (near, left profile) Bochum Museum, Schüller Collection, cat. no. 171, S 789. (LDOMITII) Tunisia.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

III.A.b.14.I.2.g Bussière form D III 1

See introduction to cats. 305–6.

344

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.188

Dimensions: L: 10.9 cm; W: 8.1 cm; H: 2.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10R5/8 red, same color slip.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with three grooves on upper part. Shoulder: near Loeschcke form VII a; globule on each side of handle and at top of nozzle. Filling-hole in left field. Air hole in upper field. Nozzle form Bus. 3. Base marked off by one circular groove. Plain planta pedis in center.

Discus Iconography: Antinous: bust of young man to right with long curly hair and tunic that leaves his right shoulder and arm bare.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D III 1

Date: Late Flavian to Antonine

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: For portraits of Antinous, see Clairmont 1966, pl. 1; cat. 424.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

345

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.404

Dimensions: L: 11.2 cm; W: 8.1 cm; H: 2.4 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR7/6 reddish yellow, glaze 2.5YR5/4 reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with one groove on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII b. Filling-hole slightly to left of center. Small air hole in discus, facing nozzle. Nozzle form Bus. 4h. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: NNAELVCI, Italic workshop of Late Flavian to Hadrianic period.

Discus Iconography: Comic-erotic scene. Nude woman sitting on bed at right, cooling down her mate’s ardor by pouring a presumably cold liquid from a cup onto his genitals; taken by surprise, he energetically protests, raising up his left arm.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bailey P group i; Bussière form D III 1

Date: Late Flavian to Antonine

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: Deneauve 1969, no. 890, pl. 81 (fr.); Bailey BM II, p. 62, Q 1320, pl. 71, fig. 66 (with further refs.); Bussière 2000, no. 2705, pl. 71, decor II.f.2.(1) (with further refs.); Rivet 2003, p. 158, no. 299; Kunst der Antike 9, no. 260 (Bussière D III 2).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

III.A.b.14.I.2.h Bussière form D III 2

See introduction to cats. 305–6.

346

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.97

Dimensions: L: 11.7 cm; W: 8.5 cm; H: 2.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR8/2 pinkish white, mottled glaze mostly 5YR6/6 reddish yellow.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII b; square panel on each shoulder. Filling-hole slightly above center. Small air hole in discus, facing nozzle. Nozzle form Bus. 4h. Base-ring marked off by two circular grooves. Potter’s incuse signature L.MVNPHILE, Italic workshop, possibly with African branches, active in the Late Flavian to Hadrianic period.

Discus Iconography: Two gladiators in combat; Samnite at left behind a large rectangular shield, wearing a crested helmet but no greaves, his sword arm protected by binding (manica); his adversary, a hoplomachus, behind a smaller rectangular shield, is also wearing crested helmet, greaves, and protective binding on sword arm.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bailey P group iii; Bussière form D III 2

Date: Late Flavian to Hadrianic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Southern Anatolia

Parallels: (Close) Gualandi Genito 1977, no. 283, pl. 39 (Loeschcke type V); Bailey BM II, p. 52, Q 960, pl. 21, fig. 55, with gladiators’ names in tabula ansata (with further refs.).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

III.A.b.14.I.2.i Bussière form D IV

With its shoulder panels and its nozzle form Bus. 5, cat. 347 is related both to Loeschcke types IX–X (Firmalampen) and to Bussière form D III (lampes galettes). Its shoulder form is similar to that of form D III 3. The discus is plain as on the few known similar examples.

The base-ring bears the workshop signature SERGPRIM, an Italic workshop active from the Late Flavian to the Trajanic period (according to Bailey), from Hadrianic to Antonine (according to Pavolini). An identical example with the same signature is one of three lamps of the form found in Algeria (Bussière 2000, p. 337, no. 2751, pl. 74). Bussière no. 2752 is not signed; no. 2753, with an illegible signature, was found associated with a coin of Domitian in a tomb in one of Tipasa’s necropoleis. Besides the three Algerian lamps, other similar examples are known: one in the Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris, signed CATILVEST, a workshop active from the Late Flavian to the Early Antonine period (Hellmann 1987, no. 291, pls. 37–38); one from Rome, signed NNAELVCI, a workshop active from the Late Flavian to the Hadrianic period (Vermaseren and van Essen 1965, no. 438, pl. 113.4); and one of unknown place of manufacture or origin signed MNOVIVSTI, a workshop active between A.D. 120 and 180 (Szentléleky 1969, no. 173). Date: between the end of the first century and the second quarter of the second century A.D.

347

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.255

Dimensions: L: 9.8 cm; W: 7.7 cm; H: 2.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Handle restored. Clay 5YR6/6 reddish yellow, worn glaze 2.5YR5/4 reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with two grooves. Sloping shoulder with ovolos; square shoulder-panels, closer to nozzle than to handle; shoulder separated from discus by a ridge continuing to nozzle, leaving a broad channel between discus and wick-hole; inner narrower ridge marked off by two grooves. Concave discus. Filling-hole off center. Small air hole facing nozzle channel. Nozzle form Bus. 5. Base-ring marked off by two circular grooves. Potter’s incuse signature: SERGPRIM, Italic workshop active first half of second century A.D.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D IV

Date: First half of second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: Bussière 2000, no. 2751, pl. 74 (SERPRIM) (Portus Magnus, Algeria); Bussière and Rivel 2012, no. 196 (Tunisia).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

III.A.b.14.I.2.j Bussière form D X 1

See introduction to cats. 315–16.

348

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.391.2

Dimensions: L: 9.8 cm; W: 7.1 cm; H: 2.9 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact; overpaint on top. Clay 10R5/8 red, uneven remains of glaze 2.5YR6/8 light red.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on both upper and lower parts. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VIII b, with a row of closely spaced ovolos. Shoulder separated from discus by a herringbone ridge between two grooves. Filling-hole in left part, with traces of corrosion from lost iron wick-nail. Small air hole in lower part. Nozzle form Bus. 4a. Base-ring marked off by two circular grooves.

Discus Iconography: Bust of Serapis to left, wearing modius; scepter at right.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 1

Date: Late second to early third century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Greece

Parallels: (Close) Deneauve 1969, no. 823, pl. 76 (EXOFMAVRICI); Bussière 2000, p. 169, no. 3125, pl. 85, decor I.c.1.(1) (with further refs.); Gorny and Mosch 2007a, p. 184, lot 494 (signed POMPO); cat. 315 and cat. 316.

Provenance: – 1983, Robert L. Lawson, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

III.A.b.14.I.2.k Broneer type XXVII C and D

These lamps are closely related to Greek mainland manufacture of the Roman period. All are variations of Broneer type XXVII, the delicate, unglazed lamp type emerging in Corinth from ca. A.D. 100 on (Broneer 1930). The type is characterized by a flat rim, mostly, but not always, decorated with ovolos or vines; kite-shaped nozzle; and slim, grooved, punctured handle. The lamps almost always have an incuse name of a maker or shop on the base marked off by one groove. Broneer divided this type into four (later five) subcategories, based on iconography. These categories initially implied consecutive, chronological value, but have since been modified (Slane 1990, p. 13).

These delicate lamps were exported widely and copied extensively with some variations. This is where the Getty lamps fit in: in fact, none was made in Corinth, as suggested both by their formal deviations and by their clay, which is far from the typical, Corinthian pale color. But all betray a close iconographic and formal dependence. Cats. 349–50 are imitations of the more elegant versions of Broneer type XXVII D, the so-called Channel-and-panel lamp (which itself has clear links to Italic predecessors, including Firmalampen). However, while maintaining the general rim form and panels, these two lamps lack the channel on the rim (which gave name to Broneer’s category); the nozzle is modified; the bowls are too deep for Corinthian standards; and, instead of a name signature on the base, both lamps have a planta pedis.

The three masks, evenly distributed over the plain surface between rim and filling-hole, occur frequently on Corinthian lamps, with some variations of the facial types; the same is the case with the two Getty lamps. Hübinger presents a close parallel (Hübinger 1993, p. 118, no. 219, pl. 28, with much useful comparanda, including from Corinth itself). His example carries incised circles flanking nozzle and handle, which strengthens the suggested place of manufacture or origin of Asia Minor. Although the circles are absent on the Getty lamps, we assign them to the same location of origin. Hübinger’s parallel is glazed, like the Getty examples, a condition occurring only rarely on very Late Corinthian lamps of type XXVII (although found on early Italian predecessors of type XXVII D, e.g., Bailey BM II, p. 335, Q 1326, pl. 72, ca. A.D. 90–130; or on north African lamps, which occasionally have the same discus decor, e.g., Bussière 2000, p. 336, pl. 73, type D III, also predating the Corinthian lamps).

Cat. 351 is a less well-made, worn version of the same original idea; cat. 352, however, has deviated to hybrid status with modifications of the nozzle; the upper half of the rim has a crude vine-and-grape decor, the masks are unclear, and the base consists of two widely spaced grooves encircling a large planta pedis.

The two remaining lamps—cats. 351 and 354—are derived from Broneer type XXVII C (a large category with figured discus, ovolo rim, and side panels). Although adhering more closely to formal Corinthian norms than cats. 349–51 (by their general proportions, kite-shaped nozzle, ovolo rim, and panels), cats. 353–54 have solid handles and lack signatures. Erotic iconography in great variety was very common on this variant.

The date of this Getty group need not be very far from the exported originals that provided the models: second half of the second century A.D. The fact that the handle bottom on either lamp fails to reach the base-ring indicates that the model used was early in the Corinthian development.

349

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.153

Dimensions: L: 10.0 cm; W: 7.9 cm; H: 2.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR6/6 reddish yellow, worn glaze varying between 2.5YR6/6 light red and 2.5YR5/6 red. Mica.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with three grooves on upper part. Flat shoulder, separated from discus by a flat-topped ridge marked off by two grooves and interrupted by a very narrow channel facing nozzle top; the two extremities of the ridge curl outward at channel; small rectangular panel on each side of shoulder. Ridge marked off by two grooves surrounding slightly concave discus with central filling-hole. Slit air hole facing nozzle. Small rounded nozzle form Bus. 9e encroaching upon shoulder. Base marked off by one circular groove; plain planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: Three different theater masks evenly distributed on flat upper part of discus.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; eastern Mediterranean imitation of Broneer XXVII D

Date: Second half of second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: (Very close, with Asia Minor links) Griepentrog 1986, nos. 1–2 (ΠEI/OY), nos. 4–6, pl. 30 (plain planta pedis); Hübinger 1993, p. 118, no. 219, pl. 28 (with further refs.); Bussière and Rivel 2012, no. 195; cat. 350. (Related: Corinthian lamps, basis for the Asia Minor imitation) Broneer 1930, p. 205, no. 702, pl. 12; Bailey BM III, p. 404, Q 3242–3243, pl. 116 (Corfu[?]); Mlasowsky 1993, p. 217, no. 206, and maybe also Böttger 2002, p. 90, no. 39, pl. 3 (Athens, fr.).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

Discussion: The decor of three masks distributed on discus in fact goes back to the Italian predecessors of Broneer XXVII D: e.g., Bailey BM II, p. 63, Q 1326, pl. 72, fig. 67 (LMVNPHILE).

350

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.179

Dimensions: L: 9.5 cm; W: 7.4 cm; H: 3.0 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 2.5YR6/4 light reddish brown, glaze 2.5YR5/6 red.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Pierced ring handle with three grooves on upper part. Deep body. Flat shoulder, separated from discus by a flat-topped ridge marked off by two grooves and interrupted by a short channel between discus and nozzle; small rectangular panel on each side of shoulder. Ridge marked off by two grooves surrounding slightly concave discus. Central filling-hole. Small air hole in discus, facing nozzle. Small rounded nozzle encroaching on shoulder, close to form Bus. 4g. Base marked off by one circular groove. Plain planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: Three identical theater masks evenly spaced in flat upper half of discus.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Broneer XXVII C

Date: Second half of second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: See cat. 349.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

Discussion: The masks on the discus are not identical to those on cat. 349: the right one there has long locks of hair on each side of the head.

351

Inventory Number: 81.AQ.112.7

Dimensions: L: 8.9 cm; W: 7.1 cm; H: 2.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Burn marks on nozzle. Clay 10YR7/3 very pale brown, very few traces of glaze 10YR5/3 brown.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with three grooves on upper part. Flat shoulder, separated from discus by a flat-topped ridge marked off by two grooves and interrupted by a narrow channel between discus and nozzle; small rectangular panel on each side of shoulder. Slightly raised ridge surrounding central filling-hole. Small air hole in low part of discus. Small rounded nozzle encroaching upon shoulder, close to form Bus. 4g. Base marked off by one circular indistinct groove.

Discus Iconography: Three blurred identical theater masks evenly spread on flat upper half of discus.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Broneer XXVII C

Date: Late second into early third century(?)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: See cat. 349 with refs.

Provenance: – 1981, Robert L. Lawson, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1981.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

352

Inventory Number: 81.AQ.112.8

Dimensions: L: 9.5 cm; W: 7.0 cm; H: 2.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Burn marks on nozzle and left side. Clay near 7.5YR8/2 pinkish white, glaze unevenly worn, mostly 2.5YR6.6 light red; parts burned dark near 5YR4/2 dark reddish gray. Powdery gold mica.

Description:
Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with three grooves on upper part. Flat shoulder, separated from discus by a flat raised band marked off by two grooves and interrupted by a short wide channel between discus and nozzle; rectangular panel on each side of shoulder; crude vine and bunch of grapes on upper shoulder between panels and handle; the two extremities of the ridge curl outward at the channel; incised circle on each side of handle and on each side of nozzle channel; another on the left shoulder close to nozzle. Two concentric ridges descending toward the central filling-hole. Small air hole in lower field. Heart-shaped nozzle encroaching upon shoulder, close to Bus. 4.3.[1] Base-ring marked off by two deep circular grooves; incuse plain planta pedis in center.

1. Despite its heart-shaped nozzle, this lamp is not placed with other lamps with similar nozzles, but rather, here, close to lamps it resembles in terms of its discus decor, its shape, and the presence of the two rectangular panels on the shoulders, which belong to Broneer type XXVII.↩

Discus Iconography: Three identical worn theater masks evenly spaced in upper half of concave discus, the heads overlapping the ridges.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Broneer XXVII C

Date: Early third century A.D.(?)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor?

Parallels: None found; see cats. 349–51 for related decor.

Provenance: – 1981, Robert L. Lawson, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1981.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

353

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.536

Dimensions: L: 8.7 cm; W: 6.8 cm; H: 2.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Hairline crack over upper discus’s left and right shoulders. Clay near 2.5YR6/6 light red, glaze mostly 2.5YR6/4 light reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Solid handle with two grooves on both upper and lower parts. Flat shoulder with a row of small ovolos; rectangular panel on each side; shoulder separated from discus by a circular narrow band marked off by two grooves. Filling-hole in upper field. Air hole facing kite-shaped nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Erotic scene. Nude man at right lying on bed; woman to left on top of him, her right elbow resting on a cushion, supporting her head; her left outstretched arm touches the man’s shoulder. Three or four objects below the bed, a cup and an oenochoë among them.

Type: Broneer XXVII C

Date: Late second into third century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Unknown

Parallels: For a non-Corinthian, slightly later, roughly drawn and glazed copy of the same discus composition, see Heimerl 2001, pp. 176–77, no. 994, pl. 21. Numerous near-variations exist in different media in the Roman world; see, for instance, Clarke 1998, especially pp. 250–54 for lamps.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Galerie Günter Puhze 1983, no. 243.

354

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.394

Dimensions: L: 9.5 cm; W: 7.5 cm; H: 2.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR7/4 pink, thin uneven glaze 2.5YR6/4 light reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Solid round vertical handle with two grooves on upper part. Flat shoulder with a row of ovolos and a panel on each side; shoulder separated from discus by a circular ridge marked off by two grooves. Filling-hole in upper left part. Kite-shaped nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Erotic scene. Nude woman crouching down, copulating with a horse or a donkey lying on its back under her.

Type: Broneer XXVII C

Date: Late second into third century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: Bruneau 1965, pp. 349–57; Bruneau 1977, p. 267, fig. 12 (Corinth Museum), and a detailed study with further refs. pp. 265–71; a bone tessera (game piece) with similar decor found in 2008 in Fréjus (France), will be published by Y. Lemoine.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

Discussion: In spite of clear echoes of Corinthian type XXVII lamps (side panels, ovolo rim, kite nozzles, and erotic theme), its transfer to the eastern Mediterranean has dropped the pierced handle and the bottom signature.

III.A.b.14.I.2.l Broneer type XXVIII

Two discus frr., cats. 355–56, were most likely made in Athens and belong to Broneer type XXVIII. The major Roman lamp production in Athens starts in the third century A.D., under strong influence from Corinthian models, so much so that the earliest Athenian efforts copy characteristic Corinthian types (ray discus with vine rim, or figured discus with ovolo rim; in the beginning they even imitate the light-colored Corinthian clay).

The Athenian lamps remain unglazed into the early fourth century A.D., although the fabric is darker and heavier than the typical Corinthian clay. By the mid-fourth century, however, Athenian lamp production again adopted glazing, which had prevailed during the first and second centuries. Another characteristic hallmark, gradually introduced, is a rich variety of rim-patterns (see Perlzweig 1961, pl. 51). Cats. 355–56 belong to this fourth-century phase. Both frr. feature erotic symplegmata, which are known in numerous copies. Cat. 356 shows one of the copious variations of male-female intercourse; cat. 355 picks up on the Corinthian theme of woman-horse, carried out with numerous varieties both in Corinthian and Athenian productions (see, e.g., Bruneau 1977, pp. 266–67, figs. 10 and 11, from Corinth; or Bailey BM II, p. 410, Q 3271, pl. 119, from Athens). The individualism as well as the interaction between the well-documented Athenian lamp shops (see Perlzweig 1961) allows us—even in the absence of signatures on the Getty frr.—to suggest closeness to some workshops that favored the present subject matters. Pireithos, who specialized in symplegmata, signed an early parallel to cat. 356 (Perlzweig 1961, pp. 47–48). Others continued the subject into the fourth century.

Especially frequent was the combination of this discus with the rim decor used on cat. 355: trefoil and reel, which occurs in a raised version (third century), and a later incised variety, as on cat. 355 (late third into early fourth century, see Perlzweig 1961, p. 23). The lamps are dated to the fourth century A.D.

355

Inventory Number: 75.AQ.31

Dimensions: Max. pres. L: 5 cm; max. pres. W: 6.7

Condition and Fabric: Discus fr. Clay 5YR6/6 reddish yellow, same color glaze.

Description: Moldmade, with a large thumbprint in the clay to the right of the filling-hole on the inside. Athenian production. Shoulder-pattern, Perlzweig 1961, no. 11, pl. 51 (incised trefoil and reel). Shoulder separated from discus by a raised band, marked off by two incised circles. Filling-hole in upper right field.

Discus Iconography: Erotic scene. A woman to right on a bed, copulating with a horse upright on its hind legs.

Type: Broneer XXVIII

Date: Late third into early fourth century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Athens (Greece)

Parallels: (Predominantly with different rims) Waldhauer 1914, p. 63, no. 495, pl. 47 (fr.); Broneer 1930, p. 257, nos. 1201–2, fig. 182; Libertini 1930, p. 278, no. 1333, pl. 125; Haken 1958, pp. 93–94, no. 96, pl. 13; Perlzweig 1961, p. 123, nos. 831–33 (pl. 18); Chrzanovski and Zhuravlev 1998, pp. 121–25, no. 67 (with further refs.); Böttger 2002, pp. 148–50, nos. 1275–1308, pls. 27–28. The subject matter has links to Corinthian lamps, see refs. for cat. 354.

Provenance: – 1975, Dr. Fred Bromberg and Virginia M. Bromberg (Bay Shore, New York), donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1975.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

356

Inventory Number: 75.AQ.30

Dimensions: Max. pres. L: 5.8 cm; max. pres. W: 4.9

Condition and Fabric: Discus fr. restored from two parts. Clay 5YR7/4–6/4 between pink and light reddish brown, glaze 10R6/6 light red.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Fingerprint visible in the clay on the inside. Athenian production.

Discus Iconography: Erotic scene. At right, man half lying on a bed, woman at left, crouching on top of him, holding her hands on her stomach.

Type: Broneer XXVIII

Date: Third century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Athens (Greece)

Parallels: (Identical) Böttger 2002, pp. 148–50, nos. 1135–79, pls. 25–26 (woman’s right arm is not held on the body as it is here, i.e., the lamp is from a different mold series); (close) Haken 1958, nos. 93 and 97, pl. 13 (Athens); Perlzweig 1961, p. 122, no. 823, pl. 18, and nos. 824–26; Slane 1990, p. 33, no. 45, pl. 4; all the examples from the Athenian Kerameikos have the same shoulder decor (when preserved): trefoil and reel (see cat. 355). Of the many recurring erotic scenes in the Athenian repertory, this distinct type is called “symplegma with canopy.”

Provenance: – 1975, Dr. Fred Bromberg and Virginia M. Bromberg (Bay Shore, New York), donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1975.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

III.A.b.14.II.1.a Bussière form D IX

This form groups together lamps with a plain shoulder and a heart-shaped nozzle. In an early variant, D IX 1, the upper curves of the “heart” are nearly on a horizontal level: nozzle form Bus. 10a. This is the case for all the African and Italic examples in the Getty collection. In another variant, D IX 2, the curves are much more rounded: nozzle Bus. 10b. This is the case with practically all the Getty lamps of this type of eastern place of manufacture or origin, although we must admit that differences between variants Bus. 10a and 10b are less obvious on the eastern lamps than on the African or Italic ones.

The shoulder form of the lamps (irrespective of African, Italic, or eastern place of manufacture or origin) varies widely. Loeschcke shoulder form VI b is represented twice, in cats. 404 and 410; form VII a is seen in cats. 409 and 411; form VII b appears in cat. 412; and form VIII b in cats. 403 and 408.

Among the discus decors are: mythology (4 ex.), amphitheater (3 ex.), daily life (2 ex.), animals (5 ex.), and geometric pattern (1 ex.). Four lamps have a plain discus. Ten bases are marked off by one circular groove; seven by two closely placed circular grooves. Two lamps have a base-ring. Cat. 359 is signed AVFIFRON, an African lampmaker active in the mid-second century. Ten eastern lamps have an incuse plain planta pedis on their base, a feature common among eastern lamps of the type, but exceptional among African lamps. The date of form D IX is Flavian to mid-second century for the D IX 1 variant; second century for the D IX 2 variant.

Additional objects of this type: cats. 402–17.

357

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.391.12

Dimensions: L: 9.3 cm; W: 6.5 cm; H: 2.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Small sample of clay has been removed from handle for analysis; otherwise intact. Clay 7.5YR8/2 pinkish white, mottled glaze originally 10R6/6 red; several darker areas.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Outward-sloping plain shoulder, separated from discus by ridge between two circular grooves. One additional circular groove in middle of concave discus. Central filling-hole. Heart-shaped nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D IX

Date: Late Flavian to early Antonine period

Place of Manufacture or Origin: El Djem (Tunisia)

Parallels: Bussière and Rivel 2012, no. 202.

Provenance: – 1983, Robert L. Lawson, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

358

Inventory Number: 83.AK.438.418

Dimensions: L: 13.0 cm; W: 9.6 cm; H: 3.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR7/3 very pale brown, glaze 10YR6/4 light yellowish brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Outward-sloping shoulder, separated from discus by a ridge marked off by two circular grooves and an additional inner ridge. Heart-shaped nozzle; burn marks. Base-ring marked off by two circular grooves.

Discus Iconography: Leda and the swan embracing and kissing. Leda, to right grasped by swan with spreading wings; small Cupid at left.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D IX

Date: Second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Tunisia

Parallels: (Identical) Bailey BM II, p. 329, Q 1304, pl. 69; (close) Gualandi Genito 1977, no. 216, pl. 32 (Loeschcke IV); (Cupid lacking) Mlasowsky 1993, p. 109, nos. 90–91.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

359

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.465

Dimensions: L: 13.1 cm; W: 10.5 cm; H: 3.2 cm

Condition and Fabric: A few chips. Clay 7.5YR7/2 pinkish gray, vitreous glaze near GLEY 1 near 5G5/2 grayish green (although more intensely green).

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with three grooves on upper part. Shoulder separated from discus by a molding consisting of one ridge and three inner descending grooves; voluted ear handles on opposite sides of shoulder, each ending in two short descending ridges on the side of the lamp. Central filling-hole. Heart-shaped nozzle. Slightly raised base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature in small capital letters: AVFIFRON, African workshop active mid-second century A.D.

Discus Iconography: Four incised leaves symmetrically placed in cross-shape.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D IX

Date: Mid-second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Mainz (Germany)

Parallels: (Close, but with six leaves) Menzel 1954, p. 50, no. 269, fig. 19.7; Rosenthal and Sivan 1978, p. 42, no. 168 (no vitreous glaze); Zaccaria Ruggiu 1980, p. 103, no. 159 (no vitreous glaze). For same ear handles, see Bussière 2000, no. 2995, pl. 81.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

III.A.b.14.II.1.b Bussière form D X 1, variants a and c

See introduction to cats. 315–16.

360

Inventory Number: 81.AQ.112.13

Dimensions: L: 7.8 cm; W: 5.4 cm; H: 2.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Part of discus broken and restored. Clay near 5YR7/6 reddish yellow, a few remains of glaze varying between 10R6/6 light red and 10R5/6 red. Incrustation all over.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Flat shoulder with a row of ovolos, separated from the discus by a molding consisting of two ridges and two circular grooves. Almost central filling-hole. Heart-shaped nozzle. Base-ring marked off by two circular grooves.

Discus Iconography: Dolphin to right with curled-up splayed tail; trident behind it at right.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 1a

Date: Second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Italy

Parallels: (Close) Bussière 2000, p. 326, no. 2447, pl. 67, and p. 200, decor III.a.9.(8).

Provenance: – 1981, Robert L. Lawson; donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1981.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

361

Inventory Number: 81.AQ.38.5

Dimensions: L: 10.3 cm; W: 7.2 cm; H: 2.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR7/4 pink, glaze 2.5YR6/8 light red.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a with a row of ovolos. Filling-hole in upper right field with trace of iron corrosion. Air hole in lower part. Heart-shaped nozzle Bus. form 10c. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: At left, Anubis to left holding caduceus; at right, Isis with basileion on her head; both richly draped and turning their heads to right.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 1a

Date: A.D. 175–225

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Tunisia

Parallels: (Identical) Deneauve 1969, no. 904, pl. 82 (CHELIAN), published in LIMC 5.1, p. 774, no. 187a, s.v. Isis, illustrated in LIMC 5.2, p. 511; Bémont and Chew 2007, pp. 330, 503, pl. 78, AF 15 (from North Africa).

Provenance: – 1981, William L. Eagleton, Jr., American, 1926–2011, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1981.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

362

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.292

Dimensions: L: 10.6 cm; W: 8.1 cm; H: 2.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Some cracks on discus and sides. Clay 10YR7/3 very pale brown, uneven remains of glaze 7.5YR4/2 dark brown.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VIII b with a row of double ovolos, separated from discus by a thin herringbone cord. Flat-bottomed discus with some trace of iron corrosion near central filling-hole. Small air hole in lower field. Heart-shaped nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: QNVMICEL, Italic workshop active Late Flavian to Hadrianic.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 1a

Date: Hadrianic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

363

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.224

Dimensions: L: 10.6 cm; W: 8.4 cm; H: 2.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR8/4 pink, uneven glaze varying between 10YR5/2 grayish brown and 10YR4/2 dark grayish brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Slightly outward-sloping shoulder with a row of double-ovolos, separated from discus by a ridge marked off by two circular grooves. Filling-hole in left field with traces of iron corrosion from lost wick-nail. Unpierced air hole on shoulder above nozzle. Heart-shaped nozzle. Base marked off by three circular grooves.

Discus Iconography: Apollo seated to right on a stool playing kithara.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 1a

Date: Second half of second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

364

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.244

Dimensions: L: 11.5 cm; W: 8.2 cm; H: 2.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, glaze varying between 2.5YR6/6 light red and 5YR4/2 weak red, of brownish shade.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder with a row of double-ovolos, separated from discus by an outer ridge and an inner narrower one marked off by two grooves. Filling-hole and air hole in lower part of discus. Heart-shaped nozzle; underneath, a band of tongues between two twisted cords. Flat base, demarcated by a band marked off by two grooves with three incised ovo-patterns; two additional inner circles. Signature: PVLL/AENO/RV, African workshop active during Late Antonine and Severan periods.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Europa on bull (Jupiter) rushing to right.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 1a

Date: Late Antonine to Severan

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: (Close) Cologne Museum, Wollmann Collection, inv. no. W 659.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

365

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.230

Dimensions: L: 10.5 cm; W: 7.6 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR7/2 light gray, unevenly preserved glaze mostly 5YR4/2 dark reddish gray.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VIII b, with a row of double ovolos. Almost central filling-hole. Air hole facing the heart-shaped nozzle. Underneath, a row of small dotted circles. Base with a band marked off by two circular grooves and a narrow additional inner one; within this band three evenly spaced incised ovo-patterns; small dotted circle toward the nozzle.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Amphitheater scene: lion running to right with a long spear through its throat; man below wearing a tunic and holding an unidentified object in his right hand; oddly represented horizontally, the man is in fact standing and seems unharmed.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 1c

Date: Antonine to Severan

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

Discussion: The ovo-pattern is common on bases of African lamps dated A.D. 170–230.

366

Inventory Number: 81.AQ.38.3

Dimensions: L: 10.8 cm; W: 7.6 cm; H: 2.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay near 5YR6/4 light reddish brown, mostly same color glaze; darker burned(?) areas on bottom.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part and one on lower. Shoulder with a row of ovolos, separated from discus by a braided ridge marked off by two circular grooves. Filling-hole and air hole in lower field. Heart-shaped nozzle; below it two striated bands between two twisted cords. Base-ring marked off by two circular grooves.

Discus Iconography: Amphitheater scene: big lion at left, with its right claw striking a fallen man whose raised right leg seems to be chained to a pole, which he is grasping.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 1c

Date: Antonine to Severan

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Tunisia

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: – 1981, William L. Eagleton, Jr., American, 1926–2011, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1981.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

367

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.472

Dimensions: L: 14.5 cm; W: 10.2 cm; H: 3.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR6/2 pinkish gray, scant remains of glaze 10YR4/2 dark grayish brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with two grooves on both upper and lower parts. Shoulder with a row of medium-sized double ovolos, separated from discus by a twisted cord marked off by two circular grooves. Deep basin. Filling-hole slightly below center. Small air hole on shoulder, facing the heart-shaped nozzle; below, a band of eight tongues. Base-ring marked off by two circular grooves and an additional inner circle. Workshop mark: three vertical palm branches hanging from a horizontal line.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Bull standing to left on groundline, head frontal.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 1c

Date: Antonine to Severan

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

368

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.240

Dimensions: L: 11.3 cm; W: 8.5 cm; H: 3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay near 5YR6/4 light reddish brown, glaze mostly 5YR6/6 reddish yellow.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with three grooves on upper and lower part. Deep body. Shoulder with closely spaced tongues, separated from discus by two circular grooves. Filling-hole slightly left of center. Unpierced air hole in lower field. Heart-shaped nozzle; below, striated band between two twisted cords. Rounded raised base-ring marked off by two circular grooves and a second thin inner circular ridge; small dotted circle in center.

Discus Iconography: Apollo, nude, driving his chariot to right drawn by two griffins.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 1c

Date: Antonine to Severan

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: (Identical) Deneauve 1969, no. 932, pl. 85; Bussière 2000, p. 351, no. 3179, pl. 86, and p. 153, decor I.a.4.(2) (with further refs.); Bémont and Chew 2007, pp. 331, 504, AF 19; (close) Kunst der Antike 13, no. 152.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

369

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.204

Dimensions: L: 10.5 cm; W: 8.0 cm; H: 2.4 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 2.5YR7/3 light reddish brown, mottled glaze varying between 7.5YR5/2 brown and 5YR6/6 reddish yellow.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with two grooves on both upper and lower parts. Shoulder flat: outer part plain, inner with a row of raised tongues, separated from discus by a thin twisted cord marked off by two circular grooves. Filling-hole in upper right field. Air hole in discus, facing nozzle. Heart-shaped nozzle; below, a band of tongues between two twisted cords. Flat base with three bands marked off by circular grooves. The two outside bands are of the same width, the outer is decorated with symmetrically repeated, incised ovo-patterns, the inner with a row of small dotted circles. The innermost band is plain and narrower. In the central area of the base one small dotted circle.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Mercury wearing his winged cap galloping to left on a woolly ram, caduceus in left arm, purse in right hand, drapery flowing behind.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 1c

Date: Antonine to Severan

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Kunst der Antike 14, no. 158. For the same theme treated differently, see Di Filippo Balestrazzi 1988, vol. 2.2, decor I.a.4.(2); Bussière 2000, decor 1.a.6.(5). For the same motif on a Greek vase, see Rohde 1990, no. F 2727, pl. 27, different treatment.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

370

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.201

Dimensions: L: 10.3 cm; W: 7.8 cm; H: 2.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR7/4 very pale brown, thin worn glaze 7.5YR6/4 light brown.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on both upper and lower parts. Shoulder with a row of raised tongues, separated from discus by a narrow ridge marked off by two circular grooves. Filling-hole slightly left of center. Air hole in lower field. Heart-shaped nozzle; under it a band of eight tongues. On the base, a wide band marked off by two grooves, accompanied by a third thin inner ridge; on this band four small dotted circles evenly spaced; a fifth small circle in the center of the base.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Bacchus standing frontally, looking to left, picking grapes from a vine at far left; his left arm is around the shoulder of a youth with thyrsus at right; both are nude.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 1c

Date: Antonine to Severan

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: (Very close) Deneauve 1969, no. 928, pl. 34; Djuric 1995, p. 50, no. C 140.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

371

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.323

Dimensions: L: 12.0 cm; W: 8.6 cm; H: 3.2 cm

Condition and Fabric: Thin crack on discus and nozzle. Clay 5YR7/4 pink, uneven remains of glaze 10R5/6 red.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Solid round ring handle. Blurred shoulder with a row of raised tongues, separated from discus by a thin twisted cord marked off by two circular grooves. Same-sized filling-hole and air hole on discus. Heart-shaped nozzle. Raised rounded base-ring, within which are fifteen rays forming a star-pattern.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Meleager and the Calydonian boar. The nude Meleager is spearing the boar hiding under a tree on the right; only its forequarters are visible.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 1c

Date: Antonine to Severan

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Ennabli, Salomonson, and Mahjoubi 1973, no. 286, pl. 21, type 12, series 6 (Raqqada); (close for discus decor but left profile) Kunst der Antike 14, no. 159; Bochum Museum, Schüller Collection, cat. no. 295, S 373 (Tunisia); cat. 372.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

372

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.351

Dimensions: L: 10.7 cm; W: 8.4 cm; H: 3.2 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay near 7.5YR7/4 pink, glaze 2.5YR6/6 light red.

Description: Moldmade. Solid round handle. Shoulder with a row of long ovolos, separated from discus by a thin twisted cord marked off by two circular grooves. Filling-hole slightly above center, with traces of iron corrosion. Air hole in lower field. Heart-shaped nozzle. Raised rounded base-ring; within it fourteen radiating lines form a star-pattern.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Meleager and the Calydonian boar. Meleager at left, nude except for a hat and a mantle fastened over his shoulders, is charging with a spear; boar at right is hiding under a tree, only its forequarters are visible.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 1c

Date: Antonine to Severan

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Tunisia

Parallels: Ennabli, Salomonson, and Mahjoubi 1973, no. 286, type 12, series 6, pl. 21 (Raqqada); cat. 371.

Provenance: – 1983, William L. Eagleton, Jr., American, 1926–2011, and Kay Eagleton, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

373

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.222

Dimensions: L: 11.0 cm; W: 8.3 cm; H: 2.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR7/3 pink, glaze 10R5/8 red.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper and lower parts. Shoulder with a row of raised tongues, separated from discus by a thin twisted cord marked off by two circular grooves. Filling-hole in upper left field, air hole in lower field. Heart-shaped nozzle; underneath, a band of tongues between two curved lines. Flat base with a band marked off by two circular grooves and an additional inner circle; the band has three pairs of small dotted circles, probably ovo motifs.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Diana galloping to right on a stag, pulling an arrow out of her quiver.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 1c

Date: Antonine to Severan

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: (Close) Deneauve 1969, no. 835, pl. 77 (PVLLAEN), and no. 922, pl. 34 (CAPRARI); Svoboda 2006, p. 62, no. 99; Bonifay 2004a, p. 327, no. 11, fig. 183 (LVCCEI) (Pupput); Kunst der Antike 11, no. 238.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

374

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.217

Dimensions: L: 11.8 cm; W: 8.2 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay near 5YR7/6 reddish yellow, glaze 2.5YR5/8 red.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on each part. Flat shoulder with a band of tightly placed raised tongues, separated from discus by a thin herringbone ridge marked off by two circular grooves. Filling-hole in lower left. Air hole at bottom of discus. Heart-shaped nozzle top framed by a herringbone ridge, giving the nozzle an unusual rectangular form; flanking the nozzle, two volute-knobs with a small circle impressed on each. Base surrounded by a narrow band demarcated by two grooves. On the band six pairs of small circles; inside this band, three vertical palm branches hanging from horizontal line: a well-known African workshop mark. See cat. 367 for the same mark.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Bust of bearded Serapis to left wearing a calathus, head surrounded by five long rays; scepter behind left shoulder.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 1c

Date: Antonine to Severan

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Ennabli, Salomonson, and Mahjoubi 1973, no. 286, pl. 21, type 12, series 6 (Raqqada); Bussière 2000, no. 3125, pl. 85 (fairly close lamp, except for the absence of rays and of a rectangular ridge on the heart-shaped nozzle).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

Discussion: Serapis busts are common on African lamps; for Algeria alone, see Bussière 2000, nos. 3132, 3201, 3270, 3517, and 3683, all dated to the same period: A.D. 150–235.

III.A.b.14.II.1.c Bussière form D X 2, variant b

See introduction to cats. 317–22.

375

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.184

Dimensions: L: 10.1 cm; W: 7.3 cm; H: 2.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR7/3 very pale brown, glaze 7.5YR6/4 light brown.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder with closely spaced outward-slanted rays, separated from discus by two circular grooves. Filling-hole in upper right field. Air hole in lower. Heart-shaped nozzle. Base-ring marked off by two circular grooves; two additional interior rings. Potter’s incised signature: AVGVS/TIANI, African workshop active A.D. 175–225.

Discus Iconography: Protome of lion to right.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 2b

Date: Antonine to Severan

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: (Identical) Kricheldorf 1962, no. 231, pl. 27; Deneauve 1969, no. 921, pl. 34 (PVLLAENI); Joly 1974, no. 1280, pl. 54; Palanques 1992, no. 655, pl. 25; Bussière 2000, no. 3273, pl. 90, decor III.1.(11) (with further refs.).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

III.A.b.14.II.1.d Bussière form D X 4, variants a and b

This form groups lamps characterized by their shoulder decor—a laurel wreath. This decor may be treated realistically (Bussière 2000, groupe a style 1 figuratif) or be stylized (Bussière 2000, groupe b style 2 schématisé). Both groups appear on lamps found in Italy (e.g., Bailey BM II, Q 1392–Q 1393 and Q 1409–Q 1413). The hypothesis that they might only be African imports is contradicted by the signature of L.CAESAE, a prolific Italic lampmaker (Late Antonine and Early Severan); his products are scarce in North Africa.

Except for cat. 378, the remaining thirteen Getty examples all have shoulder form Loeschcke VII a and nozzle form Bus. 10b. The nozzle underside of some lamps is decorated with a typical motif consisting of a striated band, a notched band, or a band of tongues between two twisted cords or two curved lines (see cats. 381, 383, 385–88). Discus decors: mythology (6 ex.); amphitheater (1 ex.); animal (1 ex.); daily scene (a warship and a man in front of an altar, 2 ex.); a central pierced boss (3 ex.).

Ten lamps have a regular base-ring marked off by two circular grooves; one is marked off by one groove only; two have a narrow base-ring; one several rings. Cats. 377 and 387 have ovo-patterns within a circular band.

Cats. 378 and 384 are signed AVGENDI, cat. 379 is signed PVLLAENI: both African workshops active A.D. 175–225. Cat. 380 is signed on both sides of its basin EXOFICINA/RO[-]YTI; this African atelier, otherwise unknown to us, was presumably operating in the first half of the third century. Cat. 381 is signed EXOFI/CINA/KAPITO/NIS, active in the first half of the third century. A comparative study of workshop signatures among 150 Algerian lamps, and of the periods of shop activity, points to a chronological difference between the two above-mentioned groups: group a (figuratif) is slightly earlier than group b (schématisé) (see Bussière 2000, pp. 109–10). Reliable data from stratigraphic excavations are so far lacking. Nevertheless, from the scarce solid information we possess, lamps of form D X 4 can be dated between the first quarter of the second century and the end of Severan times.

Additional objects of this type: cat. 428.

376

Inventory Number: 79.AQ.28.5

Dimensions: L: 10.4 cm; W: 7.7 cm; H: 2.9 cm

Condition and Fabric: Slight crack above nozzle. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, worn glaze mostly 7.5YR5/2 brown.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on both upper and lower parts. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a, with a laurel-wreath decor of leaves and berries. Filling-hole slightly right above center. Air hole in lower field. Heart-shaped nozzle. Raised base-ring marked off by two grooves (decorated with three ovo-patterns); two additional inner circles.

Discus Iconography: Hippocamp, mythic sea creature with the head of a horse and the twisted tail of a fish, rushing left.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 4a

Date: A.D. 175–225

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Tunisia

Parallels: Cat. 377.

Provenance: – 1979, William L. Eagleton, Jr., American, 1926–2011, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1979.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

377

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.237

Dimensions: L: 10.5 cm; W: 7.8 cm; H: 2.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR8/4 very pale brown, uneven remains of glaze 10YR5/3 brown.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on both upper and lower parts. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a, with laurel wreath and berries. Central filling-hole with traces of corroded iron wick-nail. Air hole facing nozzle. Heart-shaped nozzle. Raised base-ring marked off by two grooves, inside two additional thin grooves; ovo-patterns on base-ring.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Hippocamp, mythic sea creature with the head of a horse and the twisted tail of a fish, rushing left.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 4a

Date: Ca. A.D. 175–225

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Same discus theme treated differently: Bussière 2000, no. 2139, pl. 60; cat. 376.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

378

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.228

Dimensions: L: 12.3 cm; W: 8.5 cm; H: 3.0 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR6/4 light brown, glaze near 10YR7/4 very pale brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Unpierced ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VIII a, with laurel-wreath decor. Sunken discus with central boss pierced by filling-hole. Big air hole at right. Heart-shaped nozzle. Flat raised base-ring. Potter’s incuse signature: AVGENDI, African workshop active A.D. 175–225; under signature, small dotted circle surrounded by four dots.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Plain central boss.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 4a

Date: Ca. A.D. 175–225

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Bussière 2000, no. 3346, pl. 92; Bonifay 2004a, p. 328, no. 3, fig. 184 (AVGENDI, from Pupput).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

379

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.259

Dimensions: L: 11.2 cm; W: 8.4 cm; H: 3.0 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR7/4 pink, glaze 5YR6/6 reddish yellow.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on both upper and lower parts. Shoulder: laurel-wreath decor separated from discus by two narrow ridges marked off by grooves. Radial band on the inward-sloping wall of discus. Central striated boss pierced by filling-hole. Air hole in left field. Heart-shaped nozzle. Flat raised base-ring marked off by two circular grooves; an additional inner circle. Potter’s incuse signature: PVLL/AENI.

Discus Iconography: Band of rays.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 4a

Date: Ca. A.D. 175–225

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Brants 1913, no. 991, pl. 6 (Tunisia); Ponsich 1961, no. 324, pl. 24 (AVGEN), and no. 344, pl. 25 (LASCIVI); Kricheldorf 1962, no. 233, pl. 27 (MAVRICI); Deneauve 1969, no. 1005, pl. 91 (LVCCEI); Ennabli, Salomonson, and Mahjoubi 1973, no. 29, pl. 16, no. 68, pl. 17, and no. C 2, pl. 36 (Raqqada); Joly, Garraffo, and Mandruzzato 1992, p. 151, nos. L 32–L 34, figs. 43–45; Bailey 1997, nos. 3-88 and 3-89; Bussière 2000, nos. 3321–83 (EXOFVIC/TORIS) (LVCC/EI) (VIS) (VICT/ORINI) (PVLL/AENI) (AVGENDI); Ben Abed Ben Khader and Griesheimer 2004, p. 35, no. 31, fig. 13 (Pupput); Bonifay 2004b, no. 1 (Pupput) and no. 9 (Carthage), fig. 184; Casas Genover and Soler Fusté 2006, nos. G 1213–G 1215, pl. 81; Bussière and Rivel 2012, no. 215.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

380

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.278

Dimensions: L: 10.5 cm; W: 7.8 cm; H: 3.1 cm

Condition and Fabric: Crack on right shoulder. Clay near 5YR7/6 reddish yellow, glaze 5YR5/6 yellowish red.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VIII b, with laurel wreath. Inward-sloping wall of discus. Central boss pierced by filling-hole. Big air hole close to it at right. Heart-shaped nozzle. Inscription in relief letters on sides of basin: EXOFICINA RO(-)YTI; letter before last I is a capital T upside-down; missing letter may be a C. Raised base-ring.

Discus Iconography: Raised zigzag design.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 4a

Date: Ca. A.D. 175–225

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: None found with zigzag line on discus.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

381

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.178

Dimensions: L: 10.0 cm; W: 7.8 cm; H: 2.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR7/2 pinkish gray, glaze 5YR6/3 light reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part and one on lower. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a, with laurel wreath, leaves, and berries. Filling-hole in upper left field with portion of corroded iron wick-nail. Air hole facing nozzle. Heart-shaped nozzle; underside with a striated band between two cords. Raised rounded base-ring marked off by two circular grooves. Potter’s incuse signature: EXOFI/CINA/KAPITO/NIS, African workshop of Severan times.

Discus Iconography: Bust of satyr to left, holding thyrsus and blowing flute; deer skin(?) over shoulder.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 4b

Date: A.D. 225–250

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: (Identical) Deneauve 1969, no. 946, pl. 86; Bussière 2000, p. 358, nos. 3414–15, pl. 93, decor I.a.10 (26) (with further refs.).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

382

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.216

Dimensions: L: 10.9 cm; W: 7.8 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR7/4 very pale brown, mottled glaze mostly 10YR5/3 brown.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a, with knotted laurel-wreath decor. Filling-hole with iron corrosion in lower left field. Air hole in lower field, opposite nozzle. Heart-shaped nozzle. Slightly raised rounded base-ring marked off by two circular grooves, an additional thinner ridge, and an inner wider band.

Discus Iconography: Majestic bare-chested, bearded figure, standing frontal, looking left, himation wrapped around his waist and over his left shoulder; he is holding a cylindrical object (a scroll[?]) over a lit altar.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 4b

Date: Ca. A.D. 225–250

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Bussière 2000, no. 3439, pl. 94, decor II.a.3.(29); Gorny and Mosch 2007b, p. 182, lot 491.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

383

Inventory Number: 81.AQ.38.6

Dimensions: L: 10.7 cm; W: 8.5 cm; H: 2.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: Ring handle half broken off; small chip on discus. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, worn glaze near 5YR6/6 reddish yellow.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with two grooves on both upper and lower parts. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a, with knotted laurel-wreath decor. Filling-hole slightly to right of center. Air hole in lower field. Heart-shaped nozzle with burn marks; underneath, a row of tongues between two twisted cords. Raised base-ring; at midwidth of the base, a circular ridge marked off by two grooves.

Discus Iconography: Ship with a ram under its prow, moving to right, sail hoisted; six oars and side rudder are indicated; stern has the standard swan’s-head ornament.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 4b

Date: Ca. A.D. 225–250

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Tunisia

Parallels: (Identical) Deneauve 1969, no. 929, pl. 34, and (different shoulder) no. 947, pl. 86.

Provenance: – 1981, William L. Eagleton, Jr., American, 1926–2011, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1981.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

384

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.242

Dimensions: L: 12.2 cm; W: 8.6 cm; H: 3.0 cm

Condition and Fabric: Several cracks on base, right lower discus, and shoulder; small fr. missing at nozzle. Clay 7.5YR6/4 light brown, glaze mostly 7.5YR5/2 brown.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a, with knotted laurel-wreath decor. Nearly central filling-hole with corrosion from an iron wick-nail. Small air hole in lower field. Heart-shaped nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: AVGENDI, African workshop active A.D. 175–225.

Discus Iconography: Winged Cupid seated at the helm of a boat sailing to right, steering with a long oar; swollen sail; waves indicated by curved dotted lines.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 4b

Date: Ca. A.D. 225, at end of Augendi’s activity when the laurel wreath Bussière style 2 starts prevailing over style 1 (A.D. 225–250, cf. Bussière 2000, p. 30)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

385

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.154

Dimensions: L: 11.6 cm; W: 8.4 cm; H: 2.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR6/3 pale brown, uneven glaze 5YR4/1 dark gray.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with two grooves on both upper and lower parts. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VIII b, with knotted laurel-wreath decor. Filling-hole at left, with traces of corroded iron pin. Unpierced air hole in lower field. Heart-shaped nozzle; underneath, a notched band between two cords. Slightly raised base-ring; at middiameter two thin circles; small dotted circle in center.

Discus Iconography: Diana frontal, striding to right, holding a bow and pulling an arrow out of her quiver, mantle flying behind her.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 4b

Date: Ca. A.D. 225–250

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Deneauve 1969, no. 961, pl. 87; Rosenthal and Sivan 1978, p. 44, no. 175; Bussière 2000, p. 358, nos. 3428–34, pl. 94, decor I.a.5(8) (with further refs.).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

386

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.221

Dimensions: L: 10.8 cm; W: 7.8 cm; H: 2.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Clay 5YR6/6 reddish yellow, glaze 2.5YR5/6 red.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Intact. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder near Loeschcke form VIII b, with knotted laurel-wreath decor; ridge with herringbone-pattern separating shoulder from discus. Central filling-hole. Air hole in lower field. Heart-shaped nozzle; above it, raised line with centrally dotted double-circle; under nozzle, a striated band between two curved corded lines. Slightly raised base-ring marked off by two grooves; additional inner circle; at middiameter, two close circles; in intermediate space, four small evenly spaced double circles.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Four unconventionally represented Cupids with short squarish wings, active around an unidentified structure—portico or shop interior(?).

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 4b

Date: Ca. A.D. 225–250

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: (Identical) Bussière 2000, no. 3445, pl. 94, decor II.a.3.(1).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

Discussion:
The structure represented in the discus has different levels marked off by two (three[?]) horizontal lines, possibly representing what might be referred to as “shelves”; on top “shelf” are two more or less vertical, rectangular shapes with rounded top, one in the middle, the other at left: woven baskets(?); on them are seven or eight raised globules arranged within diagonal lines. The interpretation of the shape on the right is uncertain. On the middle “shelf” is a series of five square panels with an X-shaped cross on each. On both “shelves” one can see also a series of small objects, either round or semicircular, three on the lower “shelf,” five on the upper one. One Cupid, standing on a ladder at left, is just placing the fifth one. Another Cupid is seated at right on a high stool in front of some mechanism. In his left hand he has a puzzling curved object containing a well-defined globular form. Two more Cupids, standing in the foreground, are busy passing an object between them.

The scene is so far unexplained, but the interpretation of the two rows of small objects on the shelves might give a possible clue, as well as the activity of the Cupid sitting at right. It would also be interesting to explain the shape under his left foot and the vertical grooves behind. Unfortunately the quality of the copy of this unusual decor is mediocre, and several parts are blurred, for instance, the central part above the filling-hole, where one supposes a third “shelf,” a portion just above the sitting Cupid, and one behind the Cupid standing at left in the foreground.

387

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.198

Dimensions: L: 11.3 cm; W: 7.8 cm; H: 2.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay near 2.5YR5/8 red, glaze same color with a few darker areas.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part, one on lower. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VIII b, with knotted laurel-wreath decor. Filling-hole lower left. Air hole at lower edge of discus. Heart-shaped nozzle; striated band underneath. Circular base with a wide band marked off by two grooves; a third inner narrower one; on the band, three evenly spaced ovo-patterns.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Big bear biting the shoulder of a bestiarius crouching on the ground, hiding his face in his hands; in the foreground a whip, the dying man’s only weapon.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 4b

Date: Ca. A.D. 225–250

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: (Identical) Gorny and Mosch 2006, p. 198, lot 574; for the whip and the man’s garment, see cat. 468, which treats same theme differently.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

388

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.235

Dimensions: L: 10.8 cm; W: 8.4 cm; H: 2.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Several thin cracks on discus, shoulder, and base; possibly restored. Burn marks on the nozzle. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, remains of glaze mostly 7.5YR6/6 red; some tinted overpaint.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with two grooves on upper and lower parts. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a, with knotted laurel-wreath decor. Central filling-hole. Heart-shaped nozzle; underneath, a band with small incuse tongues between two twisted cords. Slightly raised convex base-ring marked off by two circular grooves; small dotted circle in center.

Discus Iconography: Two fighting cocks facing each other, palm branch below, victory wreath above.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 4b

Date: Ca. A.D. 225–250

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

III.A.b.14.II.1.e Bussière form D X 5

These lamps are characterized by a shoulder decor of vine-leaves and grapes. The Italic lamp cat. 389 and the eastern examples cats. 390 and 429 have shoulder forms not recorded in Loeschcke’s classification and nozzle forms Bus. 10b. The nozzle underside of cats. 389 and 391 is decorated by a typical motif consisting of rays between curved lines. This decor, quite common on African lamps of the third century, should not be considered exclusively African, for cat. 389, which bears it, comes from an Italic workshop. The three other lamps are African and have Loeschcke shoulder form VII a and nozzle form Bus. 10c. Discus decors: mythology (4 ex.); daily life (1 ex.); and plain discus (1 ex.).

Four lamps have a base-ring. On cats. 389 and 391–92 this base is decorated with three ovo motifs evenly spaced between two circular grooves (for the motif, see Bussière 2000, p. 235, no. 76, fig. 54). This motif, which is often found on African lamp bases (e.g., cat. 365, Bus. form D X 1c), appears also on the Italic lamp cat. 389. One lamp has a base marked off by one circular groove; another a slightly raised base. Cat. 389 is signed CPOMPO, an Italic workshop active at the end of the second century A.D.; cat. 393 is signed CHELIAN, an African workshop of A.D. 175–225. Bus. form D X 5 is dated from the end of the second century to the first third of the third century.

Additional objects of this type: cat. 429.

389

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.241

Dimensions: L: 12.2 cm; W: 9.0 cm; H: 3.0 cm

Condition and Fabric: Restored from several frr.; some overpaint on top. Clay 7.5YR7/6 reddish yellow, worn glaze between 10R5/6 and 10R6/6 red to light red.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on both upper and lower parts. Shoulder with scroll of vine-leaves and grapes, separated from discus by a raised ridge marked off by two outside grooves and one inside. Filling-hole slightly above center. Small air hole on edge of discus above nozzle. Heart-shaped nozzle; underneath, a band with tongues between two twisted cords. Base delimited by a band marked off by one exterior groove and two inner ones; within the band three evenly spaced ovo-patterns. Potter’s incuse signature: CPOMPO, Italic workshop active end of second century A.D.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Apollo, with sun rays crowning his head, driving a quadriga to left; his right extended arm is showing direction, his left hand holding a whip; he is wearing a belted, pleated tunic and a mantle floating behind.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 5

Date: Late second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

390

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.231

Dimensions: L: 12.2 cm; W: 8.7 cm; H: 2.0 cm

Condition and Fabric: Some restoration on the right side; some overpaint. Clay near 5YR6/6 reddish yellow, uneven glaze mostly 2.5YR5/6 red.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle. Flat shallow body. Flat shoulder with vine-leaves and grapes, separated from discus by a raised ridge marked off by two grooves. Filling-hole in lower center. Air hole at lower edge of discus. Heart-shaped nozzle. Raised circular base marked off by one groove.

Discus Iconography: Cybele riding on a lion moving to right on articulated groundline.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 5

Date: Second half of second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

391

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.218

Dimensions: L: 11.4 cm; W: 8.5 cm; H: 2.2 cm

Condition and Fabric: Slight crack on nozzle. Clay 2.5YR6/4 light reddish brown, glaze between 10YR5/6 and 10YR5/4 red and weak red.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with two grooves on both parts; lower part ends in a fishtail. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a, decorated with vine-leaves alternating with grapes, in pronounced relief. Filling-hole at left edge of discus. Small air hole in front of nozzle. Heart-shaped nozzle, Bus. form 10c (see fig. 3); underneath, striated band between two curved corded lines. Large base with a circular band marked off by one external and two internal circular grooves; within this band, three evenly spaced ovo-patterns: common on African lamps dated A.D. 170–230 (cf. cats. 365 and 392).

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Winged head of Medusa, snakes tied under her chin.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 5

Date: Ca. A.D. 225–230

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: None found; (close) Bussière 2000, no. 3027, pl. 82, decor 1.d.5.(1); Bonifay 2004a, p. 332, no. A1, fig. 186 (Pupput).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

392

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.352

Dimensions: L: 11.8 cm; W: 8.3 cm; H: 3.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR6/4 light brown, unevenly worn glaze mostly 5YR5/3 reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with two grooves on both upper and lower parts. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a, with vine-leaves alternating with grapes in pronounced relief. Filling-hole with corroded iron wick-nail at right side of discus. Tiny air hole in front of nozzle. Heart-shaped nozzle, Bus. 10c, with burn marks. Base with peripheral band marked off by two circular grooves; an additional inner groove; within the band, three evenly spaced ovo-patterns: common on African lamps dated A.D. 170–230 (see cat. 365 or cat. 391).

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Two winged Cupids on groundline (twisted cord); the left one supporting his visibly tipsy companion, perhaps infant Bacchus holding a big bunch of grapes.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 5

Date: Ca. A.D. 225–230

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Tunisia(?)

Parallels: (Identical) Deneauve 1969, no. 906, pl. 82; Pastorino 1990, no. 28, fig. 7 (EXOF/VIC/TORIS); Palanques 1992, no. 1095, pl. 39; (close) Bussière 2000, p. 355, no. 3296, pl. 91, and p. 163, no. 3297, decor I.b.1 (39) (with further refs.).

Provenance: – 1983, William L. Eagleton, Jr., American, 1926–2011, and Kay Eagleton, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Acquisitions/1983, p. 254, no. 132.

393

Inventory Number: 80.AQ.46.8

Dimensions: L: 10.8 cm; W: 7.7 cm; H: 3.1 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR8/4 pink, worn thin glaze 7.5YR5/4 brown.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on both upper and lower parts. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a, with vine-leaves alternating with grapes in pronounced relief. Filling-hole and tiny air hole in lower field. Heart-shaped nozzle, Bus. 10c. Base-ring marked off by two circular grooves; an additional inner groove. Potter’s incuse signature: CHELIAN, African workshop active A.D. 175–225.

Discus Iconography: Man wearing tunic, mantle, and pointed cap rushing to left, looking back at an angry bear ready to strike him with its claws; the man is holding a round object (a purse[?]).

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 5

Date: Ca. A.D. 225

Place of Manufacture or Origin: None given by Schüller but probably North Africa

Parallels: (Close) Gorny and Mosch 2007b, p. 182, lot 497.

Provenance: – 1980, William L. Eagleton, Jr., American, 1926–2011, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1980.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

III.A.b.14.II.1.f Bussière form D X 6

Form D X 6 comprises lamps characterized by a decor of rows of shoulder globules. Cats. 430–32 have shoulder forms absent in Loeschcke’s classification; cats. 394–95 have Loeschcke shoulder form VIII b; all have nozzle form Bus. 10b. The nozzle underside of cat. 394 is decorated with a row of small tongues between two twisted cords, that of cat. 395 with a striated band between two curved lines. Cats. 430 and 432 have a plain discus, cat. 431 a deer, and cats. 394–95 Mars.

One lamp has a base marked off by one groove, the four others have a base-ring. Lamps of form D X 6 have rounded or heart-shape nozzles (Bus. 4a or Bus. 10b). Those with nozzle form Bus. 4a are assigned to the second half of the second century, as confirmed by an example found in a tomb in Tipasa necropolis de la Porte de Césarée, which ceased to be used around A.D. 180. On its discus (as an obol to Charon) lay a sestertius of Marcus Aurelius of A.D. 140–43. Those with nozzle form Bus. 10b were produced during the second half of the third century. The excavations by University of Michigan at Carthage have yielded about fifteen frr. (identical to Deneauve 1969, no. 999); they derived from layer XIV, dated to the end of the fourth century A.D. Also at Carthage, a ceramic deposit dated approximately to the mid-fifth century A.D. has yielded a few more (Neuru 1980, no. 198, pl. 2, L 1; see also Rossiter 1988, group 4, pl. 2).

Additional objects of this type: cats. 430–32.

394

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.466

Dimensions: L: 11.8 cm; W: 9.1 cm; H: 3.2 cm

Condition and Fabric: Small cracks on discus; small hole on right side of discus. Clay 7.5YR6/4 light brown, glaze 5YR5/6 yellowish red.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with three grooves on both upper and lower parts. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VIII b, with three rows of globules. Filling-hole left of center, with traces of corrosion from former iron wick-nail. Air hole at lower edge of discus, facing nozzle. Heart-shaped nozzle, Bus. 10b; underneath, a row of small tongues between two twisted cords. Flat-topped slightly raised base-ring marked off by two grooves: between them three evenly spaced ovo-patterns: Midway toward center, two further incised circles; one small dotted circle in center.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Bust of bearded Mars, body in frontal view, head to right; wearing crested helmet with visor and cuirass; an arrow behind him.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 6

Date: Ca. A.D. 225–250

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: (Very close) Bussière 2000, p. 363, no. 3574, pl. 99 (the cuirass decor is different), and p. 157, decor I.a.9.(1) (with further refs.).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

395

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.391.5

Dimensions: L: 11.1 cm; W: 8.1 cm; H: 3.2 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact, but underside deformed during production. Surface smudged. Clay 5YR6/6 reddish yellow, mottled glaze mostly 2.5YR5/4 reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with three grooves on upper part. Deep basin, lesser depth toward nozzle. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VIII b, with three rows of beads. Filling-hole slightly left of center. Air hole facing nozzle. Heart-shaped nozzle, Bus. 10b; underneath, striated band between two curved, twisted cords. Flat base-ring marked off by two circular grooves and decorated with three blurred, evenly spaced ovo-motifs; two additional thin inner circles; a small dotted circle in center.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Bust of Mars, body frontal, head to right, wearing a helmet with visor and a cuirass.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 6

Date: Ca. A.D. 225–250

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Unknown

Parallels: (Close) Bussière 2000, p. 363, no. 3574, pl. 99 (different cuirass), p. 157, decor I.a.9.(1) (with further refs.); cat. 394.

Provenance: – 1983, Robert L. Lawson, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

III.A.b.14.II.1.g Bussière form D X 10

This group consists of Bussière D X 10 lamps of Loeschcke type VIII with various unusual shoulder decors, occurring either once or in very limited numbers. The shoulder of cat. 396 has vine tendrils, cat. 397 connected spirals, cat. 398 features garlands, cat. 399 two rows of dots, cat. 400 a molding, cat. 401 angular lines forming a row of plain triangles, cat. 433 small heart-shaped motifs, and cat. 434 rows of ornate triangles.

The nozzle shapes vary but most lamps have nozzle form Bus. 10b. The nozzle underside of cat. 398 is decorated with the already mentioned motif consisting of a dotted band (see Introduction to cats. 376–88).

The discus decors of cats. 396 and 398–99 are related to mythology, cat. 400 shows a quadriga, cat. 401 hares, cat. 433 a rosette, cat. 434 a centaur, and cat. 397 is plain.

Five lamps have a base-ring marked off by two circular grooves, two have a plain base-ring, one is a base marked off by one circular groove. There are three workshop marks: cat. 397 a plain planta pedis, cat. 400 possibly MISASIVS or ANSASIVS(?), cat. 401 Q V I N T V S I V S P I C T O R E T C E N E N S.

The lamps grouped under D X 10 may have various shapes and do not form a coherent series. Therefore, they can be dated only individually, and due to that lack of dated comparanda, the chronology below is very approximate. Cat. 433 may be assigned to the end of Flavian to the Antonine period, cat. 397 to the second century A.D., cats. 396 and 398 to a period from the end of the second to the beginning of the third century, cat. 401 to the end of the third century A.D.

Additional objects of this type: cats. 433–34.

396

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.232

Dimensions: L: 10.7 cm; W: 7.5 cm; H: 2.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: Long crack on top and base; chipped handle. Clay 10YR7/2 light gray, mottled glaze varying between 10YR6/2 light brownish gray and 10YR4/2 dark grayish brown; partly burned(?).

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with three grooves on upper part and one on lower. Shoulder with grapes and tendrils, framed by two ridges. Inner ridge marked off by two grooves. Filling-hole and air hole in lower field. Heart-shaped nozzle, Bus. 10b. Base-ring marked off by two circular grooves; two additional concentric inner circles.

Discus Iconography: Hercules fighting the Hydra of Lerna; in lower right field King Eurystheus hiding in a bronze jar, lifting his arms as if imploring Hercules for help.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 10

Date: Late second to early third century A.D.(?)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Bussière 2000, no. 3541, pl. 98; for the same theme treated differently, see Rodríguez Martín 2002, no. 127, pl. 26 (Loeschcke IV); Pastutmaz-Sevmen 2005, fig. 10 (Loeschcke IV); LIMC 5.2, pp. 55–60, especially nos. 2082–83, s.v. Herakles. For a representation of King Eurystheus hiding in a bronze jar and lifting his arms, see LIMC 5.2, p. 63, s.v. Herakles.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

397

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.227

Dimensions: L: 10.3 cm; W: 7.5 cm; H: 3.0 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR6/4 light brown, glaze 7.5YR5/2 brown.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Deep body. Flat shoulder with slightly raised connected spirals, separated from discus by a molding consisting of three consecutively sinking ridges. Concave discus. Central filling-hole. Small unpierced air hole on molding, facing nozzle. Heart-shaped nozzle. Flat base-ring marked off by two circular grooves. Plain planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 10

Date: Second century A.D.(?)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Bussière 2000, p. 364, no. 3625, pl. 100.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

398

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.234

Dimensions: L: 10.7 cm; W: 7.8 cm; H: 2.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Repair patch on lower right side. Clay 7.5YR8/4 pink, mottled worn glaze mostly 2.5YR6/6 light red.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle bent slightly off axis, with two grooves on upper part, one on lower. Shoulder with outer plain ridge; inside it, six garlands interspersed with dot rosettes, separated from discus by a herringbone ridge. Filling-hole at left. Air hole in lower field. Heart-shaped nozzle with a dotted band below. Raised slightly convex base-ring with four symmetrically placed small dotted circles; one more in center.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Winged Cupid resting on a bed; above, hanging garland similar to those on shoulder; undefined object below.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 10

Date: Late second to early third century A.D.(?)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

399

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.238

Dimensions: L: 12.5 cm; W: 9.5 cm; H: 3.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10R6/6 light red, glaze 10R5/6 red.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with two blurred grooves. Deep body. Narrow flat shoulder with two rows of impressed dots. Filling-hole near center of discus. Air hole on its lower edge. Heart-shaped nozzle, Bus. 10b. Base-ring marked off by two circular grooves.

Discus Iconography: Hippocamp, mythical sea monster to left with a lion’s head, forequarters with claws, and a fishtail.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 10

Date: Third century A.D.(?)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: For the same theme treated in a different way, see Rosenthal and Sivan 1978, p. 44, no. 174 (a Tunisian lamp); Bussière 2000, nos. 3466–68, pl. 95.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

400

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.318

Dimensions: L: 13.2 cm; W: 9.9 cm; H: 3.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact; grayish incrustation on back of lamp and handle. Clay 2.5YR6/6 light red, glaze near 10R5/8 red.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Solid round vertical handle. Shoulder with molding: a convex circular ridge marked off by two grooves and an inner circular ridge. One filling-hole in the upper field, another in the lower right. Heart-shaped nozzle. Raised base-ring with incuse inscription in cursive writing: possibly ANSASIVS(?).

Discus Iconography: Quadriga with charioteer rushing to right.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 10

Date: Late second to early third century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

401

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.391.4

Dimensions: L: 12.1 cm; W: 8.9 cm; H: 5.1 cm

Condition and Fabric: Cracks on lower part of basin. Clay 10YR8/2 white, worn remains of glaze 10YR4/1 dark gray.

Description: Moldmade. Solid vertical handle with two grooves on both upper and lower parts. Shoulder: near Loeschcke VIII b, with angular lines forming coupled triangles. Retrograde molded inscription all around outer part of discus; clockwise from smaller animal: Q V I N T V S I V S P I C T O R E T C E N E N S, which Manzoni Macdonnell 1984, p. 141 interprets as: QUINTVS IVS[TVS] PICTOR ET CEMENS (Quintus Ivstvs, designer and lampmaker), a reading we adopt. Filling-hole to right of center with iron corrosion from wick-nail. Round-tipped nozzle, possibly heart-shaped. Blurred base-ring marked off by two grooves.

Discus Iconography: Two frolicking animals, probably hares, with long straight ears tilted backward; the larger animal is on a vertical axis, facing nozzle, legs to left; the smaller one is in the opposite direction at left.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 10

Date: Late third century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Italy

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: – 1983, Robert L. Lawson, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Manzoni Macdonnell 1984.

Discussion: The retrograde inscription most likely arises from the unusual length of the text, which makes it very cumbersome to write in retrograde in the mold.

III.A.b.14.II.2.a Bussière form D IX

See introduction to cats. 357–59.

402

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.416

Dimensions: L: 13.0 cm; W: 9.6 cm; H: 3.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Thin cracks on handle, upper left side of basin, and nozzle. Clay near 7.5YR7/4 pink, thin worn glaze near 7.5YR6/4 light brown, a few patches of 2.5YR6/6 light red (lower part and handle).

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with three grooves on upper part. Plain outward-sloping shoulder separated from discus by one ridge and two inner grooves. Small filling-hole in lower left discus. Small air hole in lower discus, facing nozzle. Heart-shaped nozzle; burn marks. Base-ring marked off by two circular grooves. Possibly small plain worn planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: Bust of bearded draped majestic Jupiter behind eagle with spreading wings.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D IX

Date: Late Flavian to Antonine

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: Deneauve 1969, no. 544, pl. 56 (Loeschcke III); Bailey BM II, p. 8, fig. 2, decor I(a)ii; LIMC 8.2, p. 254, no. 212, s.v. Zeus (in peripheria orientali); (close) for discus decor: Bochum Museum, Schüller Collection, cat. no. 219, S 589.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

403

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.461

Dimensions: L: 12.0 cm; W: 8.7 cm; H: 3.2 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, glaze uneven, varying between GLEY 1 5GY5/1 and 5G5/1 greenish gray, but somewhat stronger green.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VIII b. Central filling-hole. Air hole on discus near nozzle. Heart-shaped nozzle, Bus. 10a, tangent to discus molding. Base-ring with plain planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: Two gladiators in combat; hoplomachus at right armed with a spear, holding a small round shield, wearing greaves, manica, and Greek-type helmet; Thrax(?) at left holding a short sword, a small square or rectangular shield, greaves, and the same helmet as his opponent.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D IX

Date: Late Flavian to Antonine

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: Waldhauer 1914, no. 335, pl. 35; Heres 1972, no. 552, pl. 39; Bémont 2005, p. 155, note 29, and p. 156, fig. 6.

Provenance: By 1973, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); – 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Antiken aus Rheinischem Privatbesitz, pp. 124–25, no. 190, pl. 85.

404

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.163

Dimensions: L: 9.7 cm; W: 8.0 cm; H: 2.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR6/3 light reddish brown, glaze 10R5/8 red.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Deep body, whose upper part near handle has purposely been designed by potter as straight. Shoulder: near Loeschcke form VI b. Central filling-hole. Heart-shaped nozzle of an early form, tangent to discus molding. Base marked off by one circular groove. Plain planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D IX

Date: Late Flavian to Antonine

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: Dressel 1899, no. 18, pl. 3.2.1, fig. 3; Bailey BM III, Q 3075, pl. 103 (Ephesus); Bochum Museum, Schüller Collection, cat. no. 195, S 791 (Anatolia).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

405

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.156

Dimensions: L: 12.5 cm; W: 9.5 cm; H: 2.4 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Burn marks on nozzle. Clay 5YR7/6 reddish yellow, glaze 5YR6/6 reddish yellow, slightly darker than clay shade.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Flat shoulder, separated from discus by a circular ridge marked off by two grooves; two small circles flank handle, two are at handle base, and three at nozzle. Filling-hole in center of scallop shell. Slit air hole facing the rather small heart-shaped nozzle, Bus. 10a. Large flat base marked off by two close circular grooves. Incuse plain planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: Discus divided into two distinct areas separated by a circular ridge marked off by two grooves; inner area decorated with scalloped shell segments with bead between ends of each segment; outer area sloping upward, decorated with three evenly spaced similar theater masks.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D IX

Date: Late Flavian to Hadrianic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

406

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.161

Dimensions: L: 8.7 cm; W: 7.2 cm; H: 2.4 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Burn marks on nozzle. Clay near 5YR7/6 reddish yellow, glaze 2.5YR6/6 light red. Mica.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with two grooves. Deep basin. Plain outward-sloping shoulder with arched bow-shaped volutes, whose knobs continue down the side of the basin wall. Small impressed circle on each side of nozzle, three more by each bow-shaped shoulder-volute, one on discus ridge near handle, and possibly one more on shoulder on each side of handle. Concave discus surrounded by plain ridge. Filling-hole slightly to left of center. Heart-shaped nozzle with burn marks. Base-ring.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D IX

Date: Second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Southern Anatolia

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

407

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.193

Dimensions: L: 9.6 cm; W: 7.2 cm; H: 2.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR6/3 light reddish brown, glaze 2.5YR5/6 red.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with three grooves on both upper and lower parts. Deep basin. Flat shoulder, separated from discus by a flat-topped ridge marked off by two grooves; one further groove inside; small globule on each side of handle and on each side of heart-shaped nozzle with burn marks. Central filling-hole. Air hole in lower field. Base marked off by one circular groove. Incuse plain planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: Two gladiators in combat on groundline; secutor at left wearing helmet completely hiding his face, holding a short sword; retiarius at right attacking him with trident.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D IX

Date: Second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: None found; (close) Bémont 2005, p. 152, fig. 2.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

408

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.191

Dimensions: L: 9.8 cm; W: 7.2 cm; H: 3.0 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, a few traces of glaze 2.5YR6/6 light red.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Deep basin. Shoulder: near Loeschcke form VIII b; two small incised circles flanking handle and nozzle. Filling-hole in lower field. Unpierced air hole above heart-shaped nozzle with burn marks. Base marked off by one circular groove. Incuse plain planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: Nude Cupid or infant Bacchus riding lioness or panther rushing to right; unidentified sinuous shape behind the boy, staff on his left shoulder—thyrsus(?).

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D IX

Date: Second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Southern Anatolia

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

409

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.167

Dimensions: L: 10.0 cm; W: 7.4 cm; H: 3.0 cm

Condition and Fabric: Chip in right lower part of shoulder. Burn marks on nozzle. Clay 5YR6/6 reddish yellow, glaze 2.5YR5/8 red.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Deep basin. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a; small dotted circle on each side of handle, three globules in a row above nozzle. Filling-hole slightly below center. Long slit air hole below. Heart-shaped nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Incuse planta pedis, no letters but two raised vertical lines and the toes of the foot.

Discus Iconography: Two bare-breasted figures seated side by side, each wearing ample drapery below waist (termentarium); at right Jupiter with drapery over his left arm, holding scepter; at left Juno arranging her veil over her head and shoulders with her right hand.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D IX

Date: Second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Southern Anatolia

Parallels: (Identical) Gorny and Mosch 2011, p. 220, lot 429 (Asia Minor); (near) Poulou-Papadimitriou 1986, p. 592, fig. 2 (from Asia Minor), dated to the end of the fourth century A.D.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

410

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.200

Dimensions: L: 9.0 cm; W: 7.0 cm; H: 2.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: Several cracks, especially on bottom; handle reattached. Clay 2.5YR6/6 light red, remains of mottled glaze mostly 2.5YR5/8 red over white engobe: Red-on-White lamp; red glaze has a few darker burned(?) spots.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with three grooves on upper part. Deep basin. Shoulder: near Loeschcke form VI b; small incised circle on each side of handle and of nozzle. Filling-hole below center. Air hole in lower field. Heart-shaped nozzle, Bus. 10b, with burn marks. Base marked off by one circular groove. Plain planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: Woman at left wearing flat-topped bonnet and double garment, upper one with folds ending in border, lower one vertically pleated; she is performing some domestic task, helped by a young man in loincloth sitting on a stool at right; he is killing a fowl (duck[?]); the woman is bent in front of him holding out a round vessel to collect blood.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D IX

Date: Second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: None found; (near) Heimerl 2001, p. 109, no. 356, pl. 9, motif M 1–2, the woman is alone and slightly different (Pergamon).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

411

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.165

Dimensions: L: 10.3 cm; W: 7.8 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact; some root-marks on base. Clay 2.5YR5/6 red, glaze mostly 2.5YR4/6 red, darker shade than clay.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with three grooves on upper part. Deep basin. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a; small circle with central dot on each side of handle and of nozzle. Filling-hole in lower field. Small air hole in lower right field. Heart-shaped nozzle with burn marks. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Slightly blurred relief of figure standing frontally on chariot, indicated by two vertical lines on each side of him; rays surrounding his head: Apollo or Helios; he raises his arms, holding a whip in each hand; in front of him four horses, two veering off to the left, two to the right.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D IX

Date: Second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: Brentchaloff 1972, p. 70, no. 143, Musée de Clermont inv. no. 56.465.63; Hellmann 1985, pp. 47–49, no. 48, same discus decor on an Egyptian lamp of Corinthian type with ornament handle featuring Medusa (with further refs.).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

412

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.469

Dimensions: L: 11.2 cm; W: 8.3 cm; H: 3.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Burn marks on nozzle. Clay near 5YR7/4 pink, faint traces of glaze 2.5YR6/6 light red. Mica.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII b; small circle on each side of handle and of nozzle. Discus slightly sunken, divided into two parts; outer one marked off by two grooves and decorated, inner one plain with a concave roundel, pierced in the center by filling-hole with traces of iron corrosion around it. Slit air hole in lower field. Heart-shaped nozzle. Flat slightly raised base-ring marked off by two circular grooves. Small plain incuse planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: A chase: two dogs alternating with two rabbits.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D IX

Date: Second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Central Anatolia

Parallels: None found; (near) Bailey BM III, pp. 74–75, Q 2012, pl. 42, fig. 95.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

413

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.254

Dimensions: L: 10.7 cm; W: 8.1 cm; H: 3.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact; root-marks on bottom. Clay near 5YR6/6 reddish yellow, glaze 5YR5/4 reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with three grooves, central one deeper and continued on lower part. Deep basin. Shoulder separated from discus by four circular grooves; small circle on each side of handle, row of three more facing nozzle. Concave discus. Central filling-hole. Slit air hole in lower field. Heart-shaped nozzle. Flat slightly raised base-ring marked off by two circular grooves.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D IX

Date: Second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: (Close) Fischer and Welling 1984, p. 386, no. 42.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

414

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.214

Dimensions: L: 9.6 cm; W: 7.0 cm; H: 2.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Handle restored. Clay near 7.5YR7/4 pink, glaze 2.5YR6/6 light red.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with three grooves on upper part. Deep basin. Shoulder separated from discus by a molding consisting of three ridges marked off by four grooves; small globule on each side of handle and of nozzle. Filling-hole in lower field. Heart-shaped nozzle. Flat slightly raised base-ring marked off by two circular grooves. Plain planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: Heads of Pan and a nymph to right.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D IX

Date: Second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: Bochum Museum, Schüller Collection, cat. no. 270, S 724 (Anatolia) (planta pedis).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

415

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.172

Dimensions: L: 8.8 cm; W: 6.6 cm; H: 2.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR6/6 reddish yellow, glaze varying between 2.5YR5/6 red and 2.5YR5/8 red, a shade clearer than the previous.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with three grooves on upper part. Deep basin. Shoulder separated from discus by a molding consisting of a flat band and two narrower rings inside; small circle on each side of handle and of nozzle. Filling-hole in upper field, slit air hole in lower. Heart-shaped nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Plain planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: Scalloped shell with mostly forked edges and a few rounded edges on the left.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D IX

Date: Second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

416

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.557

Dimensions: L: 11.2 cm; W: 8.1 cm; H: 3.1 cm

Condition and Fabric: Half-broken ring handle (once three grooves on upper part, two on the lower); tiny hole on right side of basin. Burn marks on nozzle. Clay 5YR6/6 reddish yellow, glaze 2.5YR6/6 light red. Much powdery mica.

Description: Moldmade. Fairly deep basin. Shoulder separated from discus by a ridge between two circular grooves; small bead on each side of handle and of nozzle. Filling-hole in left field. Tiny air hole in lower part. Heart-shaped nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Plain incuse planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: Wading bird, probably a stork, to left fighting snake curling around its neck and leg.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D IX

Date: Second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Unknown. Probably Asia Minor

Parallels: None found. For a decor with a different bird and a snake, see Loeschcke 1919, no. 286, pl. 13.

Provenance: Before 1979, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); by 1979–1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Galerie Günter Puhze 1979, no. 140.

417

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.182

Dimensions: L: 9.2 cm; W: 6.6 cm; H: 2.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay near 7.5YR6/2 pinkish gray, glaze between 7.5YR5/4 and 7.5YR4/2 brown and dark brown, burned.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Deep basin. Shoulder separated from discus by a molding consisting of an outer wide flat ring and an inner narrow one; globule on each side of handle and of nozzle. Big filling-hole in lower right field. Smaller air hole in upper discus. Heart-shaped nozzle. Inward-sloping base-ring marked off by two circular grooves.

Discus Iconography: Frontal eagle with spreading wings, head turned to right.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D IX

Date: Second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

III.A.b.14.II.2.b Bussière form D X 1

See introduction to cats. 315–16.

418

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.203

Dimensions: L: 11.5 cm; W: 9.0 cm; H: 3.4 cm

Condition and Fabric: Small chips at filling-hole and air-hole. Clay 5YR6/6 reddish yellow, glaze varying between 10R5/6 red and 5YR4/2 dark reddish gray.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with herringbone-pattern between two grooves on upper part. Deep basin. Flat shoulder with a row of double-ovolos, separated from discus by a large convex ridge marked off by two circular grooves. Central filling-hole. Air hole above it. Heart-shaped nozzle with a row of three globules above it. Base marked off by one circular groove. Plain planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: Two gladiators in combat (Thraces[?]).

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 1

Date: Second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: (Close) Heres 1972, no. 377, pl. 42.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

419

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.194

Dimensions: L: 10.3 cm; W: 7.5 cm; H: 2.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 2.5YR6/6 light red, a few remains of glaze 10R5/8 red.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with three grooves on upper part. Shoulder with a row of double ovolos, separated from discus by two convex ridges marked off by circular grooves. Filling-hole in lower field. Long slit air hole under it. Heart-shaped nozzle with two globules above it; burn marks. Base marked off by one circular groove. Incuse plain planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: Single gladiator on groundline in combat to right with rectangular shield, short sword, round crested metal helmet, greaves, and arm protection; large victory palm branch on right side.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 1

Date: Second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

420

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.202

Dimensions: L: 9.6 cm; W: 7.5 cm; H: 2.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: A few chips on shoulder. Clay 5YR6/6 reddish yellow, glaze varying between 2.5YR5/4 reddish brown and 2.5YR4/4 darker shade reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with three thin grooves on upper part. Shoulder decorated with ovolos: Loeschcke form VIII b. Filling-hole in lower field. Mark of unpierced air hole at lower right. Heart-shaped nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Plain planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: Boat with hoisted sail to right; a man at the helm is steering; a companion stands at the prow, pulling in a big fish hooked on his line; waves under the hull; dolphin partly cut by large filling-hole in lower field.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 1

Date: Second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: (Identical) Museum of Art and Archaeology, University of Missouri–Columbia, acc. no. 82.257 (from Asia Minor). Same theme treated differently, Deneauve 1969, no. 617, pl. 62 (Loeschcke V).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

421

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.210

Dimensions: L: 9.2 cm; W: 6.4 cm; H: 2.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR6/4 light reddish brown, mottled glaze 2.5YR6/6 light red and 2.5YR4/4 reddish brown, with a few spots darker still.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Flat shoulder with a row of double ovolos, separated from discus by a convex ridge marked off by two circular grooves. Filling-hole in lower field. Slit air hole on shoulder, facing nozzle. Heart-shaped nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove. Incuse mark in center: leaf with stem upward.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Frontal male face in high relief, long curly hair, Phrygian cap: Attis.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 1

Date: Second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

422

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.199

Dimensions: L: 9.2 cm; W: 6.9 cm; H: 2.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact; root-marks on bottom. Clay 5YR6/6 reddish yellow, glaze 10R5/6 red.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with three grooves on upper part. Shoulder with a row of double ovolos, separated from discus by a molding consisting of three ridges marked off by four grooves. Filling-hole near center. Air hole in lower field. Heart-shaped nozzle with burn marks. Base marked off by one circular groove. Plain planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: Cock to left facing a tripod altar at left; on it, conical shape (flame[?]) between two small globules.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 1

Date: Second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

423

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.175

Dimensions: L: 9.3 cm; W: 6.8 cm; H: 2.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR7/4 pink, same color slip, a few blackish traces. Mica.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Flat shoulder with a row of ovolos, separated from discus by a molding consisting of two ridges marked off by three circular grooves; a small half-sunk globule on each side of handle base and of nozzle top. Central filling-hole. Unpierced air hole in lower field. Heart-shaped nozzle. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Dolphin with curled-up tail to right, head down.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 1

Date: Second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: (Close) Bussière 2000, p. 326, no. 2447, pl. 67, and p. 200, decor III.a.9.(8).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

424

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.189

Dimensions: L: 9.2 cm; W: 7.1 cm; H: 2.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: Thin crack on right side of shoulder and basin; restored; some overpaint. Clay 5YR6/6 reddish yellow, a few traces of glaze 10R5/8 red.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Flat shoulder with a row of double ovolos, separated from discus by a ridge and two inner circles. Filling-hole on right side; traces of corroded iron wick-nail. Heart-shaped nozzle with burn marks. Slightly raised base marked off by one circular groove. In center, plain planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: Bust of young man to right: Antinous with long curly hair, wearing a tunic that leaves his right shoulder and arm bare.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 1

Date: Second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Southern Anatolia

Parallels: None found. Cat. 344 has same discus decor but different nozzle.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

425

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.414

Dimensions: L: 12.8 cm; W: 9.5 cm; H: 3.4 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Burn marks on nozzle. Clay 5YR6/4 light reddish brown, glaze 10R5/6 red.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with one central groove on both parts. Slightly outward-sloping shoulder with a row of ovolos, separated from discus by a ridge and two circular grooves. Central filling-hole. Heart-shaped nozzle with burn marks. Vague base-ring. Small plain planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: Orpheus sitting on a rock in three-quarter view to right, tree behind him, playing the lyre to four listening animals; clockwise from top of discus: bird (possibly duck), doe or deer, sheep, and dog; a small child, partly cut by filling-hole, sits on a stool watching Orpheus.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 1

Date: Second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: (Identical) Rosenthal and Sivan 1978, p. 40, no. 158; (related, but similar composition adapted to Apollo) Mlasowsky 1993, p. 77, no. 65, Apollo instead of Orpheus; (close) Kunst der Antike 11, no. 234.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

426

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.415

Dimensions: L: 13.2 cm; W: 10.0 cm; H: 3.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: Thin crack on basin. Clay 5YR7/4 pink, glaze 10R5/8 red.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with three grooves on upper part. Outward-sloping shoulder with a row of double ovolos, separated from discus by a molding consisting of two ridges formed by three circular grooves. Filling-hole lower right. Small air hole in lower discus, facing nozzle. Heart-shaped nozzle. Base-ring marked off by two circular grooves. Small plain planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: Nude ithyphallic dwarf or grotesque to left dancing with staves or juggling with sticks.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 1

Date: Second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: None found. Same motif treated differently: Bochum Museum, Schüller Collection, cat. no. 230, S 650 (Anatolia).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

427

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.463

Dimensions: L: 12.3 cm; W: 9.0 cm; H: 3.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay near 10YR6/1 gray/light gray, varying vitreous glaze mostly GLEY 1 5G5/2 grayish green.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Outward-sloping shoulder with a row of ovolos, separated from discus by a ridge marked off by two circular grooves. Filling-hole above center. Air hole in lower field. Heart-shaped nozzle. Base-ring. Plain planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: Nude seated Omphale in rear view, arranging her hair; veil visible behind her; around her three small winged Cupids and some foliage; at lower right the club of Hercules.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 1

Date: Second half of second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Central Anatolia

Parallels: Bartoli Santi and Bellori 1702, p. 8 (Loeschcke IV); Loeschcke 1919, no. 396, pl. 7; Goldman et al. 1950, no. 430, pl. 112 (Tarsus); Bachofen and Meuli 1958, pl. 54.1 (Loeschcke IV): Perlzweig 1961, no. 56, pl. 3 (fr.); Leibundgut 1977, p. 242, no. 386, and no. 21, pl. 25; Maccario 1980, no. 273, pl. 23 (fr.); Goethert-Polaschek 1985, no. 484, pl. 53 (Loeschcke IV) (with further refs.); Hellmann 1987, no. 107, pl. 11 (Loeschcke IV); Olcina, Reginard, and Sánchez 1990, p. 80, no. 86 (Tossal de Manises); Moscara 2003, no. 11, fig. 1; Beames 2004, figs. 1–2; Casas Genover and Soler Fusté 2006, no. G 487, pl. 32 (fr.); LIMC 8.1, p. 212, no. 211, s.v. Venus; LIMC 8.2, p. 147, no. 211, s.v. Venus.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

III.A.b.14.II.2.c Bussière form D X 4, variant a

See introduction to cats. 376–88.

428

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.403

Dimensions: L: 11.6 cm; W: 8.2 cm; H: 2.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, glaze 2.5YR5/4 reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with two grooves on each part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a, with laurel-wreath decor. Filling-hole in lower left. Small air hole in discus, facing nozzle. Heart-shaped nozzle. Flat base-ring marked off by two circular grooves, one additional inner circle.

Discus Iconography: Bacchus at left holding his pedum, dancing with a maenad at right; both are nude.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 4a

Date: A.D. 175–225

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: Svoboda 2006, p. 60, no. 90.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

III.A.b.14.II.2.d Bussière form D X 5

See introduction to cats. 389–93.

429

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.174

Dimensions: L: 9.3 cm; W: 6.9 cm; H: 3.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR6/4 light reddish brown, remains of glaze 5YR6/2 pinkish gray. Mica.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Rounded wide shoulder with grapes, vines, and vine-leaves in pronounced relief, separated from discus by two ridges marked off by three circular grooves. Concave discus with central filling-hole. Heart-shaped nozzle with burn marks. Base marked off by one circular groove. Deep, plain planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 5

Date: Ca. A.D. 225–250/275

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Southern Anatolia

Parallels: None found; (close) Abadie-Reynal and Sodini 1992, no. i-L6 (Thasos); for the shoulder decor only, see Bussière 2000, pp. 360–62, nos. 3471–3566.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

III.A.b.14.II.2.e Bussière form D X 6

See introduction to cats. 394–95.

430

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.260

Dimensions: L: 10.4 cm; W: 7.8 cm; H: 3.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Cracks on left side. Clay near 5YR6/6 reddish yellow, glaze 2.5YR5/6 red (bottom); sides and top burned dark. Mica.

Description: Moldmade. Deep body. Ring handle with deep central groove between two thinner ones. Shoulder with three rows of globules, separated from concave discus by a molding consisting of three ridges, the exterior one flat. Central filling-hole. Small air hole in discus, facing nozzle. Heart-shaped nozzle. Base-ring marked off by two circular grooves.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 6

Date: Ca. A.D. 225–250

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: (Close) Ennabli, Salomonson, and Mahjoubi 1973, pl. 19, type 12, series 2; Hellmann 1987, no. 319, pl. 43; Sanciu 2002, no. L1, pl. 13.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

431

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.197

Dimensions: L: 9.1 cm; W: 6.7 cm; H: 3.0 cm

Condition and Fabric: Thin crack all across lamp from nozzle to right shoulder top. Clay 2.5YR6/6 light red, uneven glaze 2.5YR5/6 red; entire lower part of basin blackened by fire.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Deep body. Shoulder with four rows of globules, separated from discus by a raised outer ring and a smaller inner one. Filling-hole on lower discus. Unpierced air hole opposite nozzle. Heart-shaped nozzle with burn marks. Base marked off by one circular groove. Plain planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: Deer galloping to right.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 6

Date: Ca. A.D. 225–250

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Southern Anatolia

Parallels: For discus only, see Perlzweig 1961, no. 163, pl. 6; Deneauve 1969, no. 624, pl. 63 (Loeschcke V); Heres 1972, no. 187, pl. 23 (Loeschcke IV), and no. 221, pl. 27 (Loeschcke V); Bémont 2002, p. 92, D 117, no. 215, pl. 20.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

432

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.169

Dimensions: L: 10.0 cm; W: 7.5 cm; H: 3.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR6/6 reddish yellow, mottled glaze varying between 7.5YR5/2 brown and 7.5YR4/2 dark brown.

Description: Moldmade. Band handle with median groove on both parts. Deep basin. Shoulder convex, with five rows of globules, separated from concave discus by a molding consisting of flat band and two inner grooves. Central filling-hole. Heart-shaped nozzle. Slightly raised base-ring.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 6

Date: Ca. A.D. 225–250

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: (Close) Deneauve 1969, no. 1121, pl. 101.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

III.A.b.14.II.2.f Bussière form D X 10

See introduction to cats. 396–401.

433

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.462

Dimensions: L: 13.5 cm; W: 11.0 cm; H: 3.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR6/4 light reddish brown, glaze 10R5/6 red.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Slightly outward-sloping shoulder with a row of small heart-shaped motifs, separated from discus by a molding consisting of a band and two inner grooves. Central filling-hole. Small air hole in lower field. Heart-shaped nozzle tangent to discus molding. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Rosette with seven double-petals.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 10

Date: Late Flavian to Antonine

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: For shoulder decor only, see Allison 2006, no. 1581, pls. 100 and 127 (Loeschcke VIII) (Pompeii).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

434

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.183

Dimensions: L: 8.7 cm; W: 5.8 cm; H: 3.0 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact, but poor workmanship. Burn marks on nozzle. Clay near 7.5YR6/4 light brown, glaze mostly 5YR5/6 yellowish red.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with three grooves on upper part, one on lower. Deep basin. Flat shoulder with stamped motifs (each with three imbricated equilateral triangles), separated from discus by two circular grooves. Filling-hole above left. Large air hole below. Heart-shaped nozzle; two short relief lines below nozzle on each side. Flat base-ring marked off by two slightly oval grooves.

Discus Iconography: Centaur to right playing kithara: Chiron.

Type: Loeschcke VIII; Bussière form D X 10

Date: Late third to second half of fourth century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: None found. Related to Ricci 2002, no. 5, fig. 22 (La Luque).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

III.A.b.14.II.3 Single lamps, variants of Loeschcke type VIII

435

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.515.2

Dimensions: L: 6.0 cm; W: 4.0 cm; H: 1.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Burn marks on nozzle. Clay 5YR6/6 reddish yellow, thin worn glaze 10R5/6 red. Much powdery gold mica.

Description: Moldmade. Miniature lamp. Ring handle with three grooves on upper part. Outward-sloping plain shoulder, separated from discus by two ridges close to one another, which divide at front of nozzle; at that point extremities curl up into volutes, creating a channel between discus and nozzle; large globule on each side of voluted extremities. Central filling-hole. Nozzle tangent to lamp body, but its slightly raised flat top does not match exactly Bus. form 3. Base marked off by one circular groove. Incuse plain planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: Rosette with twelve petals.

Type: Loeschcke type VIII var.

Date: Second half of first to early second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: None found. For discus decor only: Bussière 2000, pp. 208–9, decor IV.a.5.(5); (near) Bailey BM II, Q 1125, pl. 44.

Provenance: By 1973, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); before 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Antiken aus Rheinischem Privatbesitz, pp. 126–27, no. 193, pl. 86.

Discussion: This lamp was acquired in association with the lantern cat. 610. It most likely was found together with the lantern, for they have the same mica-bearing clay and slip.

436

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.253

Dimensions: L: 10.0 cm; W: 8.1 cm; H: 3.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR6/6 reddish yellow, faint traces of glaze 5YR4/2 dark reddish gray.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with one deep groove. Very deep basin. Rounded shoulder with a row of hardly visible dots, separated from discus by five rills. Inward-sloping discus; circular groove in the middle, pierced by central filling-hole. Small air hole in lower field. Small rounded nozzle form Bus. 4e encroaching half way upon shoulder. Undefined base.

Discus Iconography: Band of rays.

Type: Loeschcke VIII var.

Date: Second century A.D.(?)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

437

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.223

Dimensions: L: 7.3 cm; W: 6.8 cm; H: 2.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Two cracks on right shoulder; broken-off right ear missing and side mended. Clay 10YR8/1 white, same color slip, grayish.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder: convex outer part, inward-sloping toward single groove surrounding discus. Filling-hole in left field. Nozzle form near Bus. 3. Plain base.

Discus Iconography: Thetis wearing diadem, standing at left; she is holding Achilles’ helmet; Achilles, standing at right, draped in ample woman's clothing, bare-chested, left arm lifting up a round shield, from which hangs a drapery.

Type: Loeschcke VIII var.

Date: Second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Southern Anatolia

Parallels: None found. For a close lamp shape, see Bailey BM III, Q 2626 (Salamis)–Q 2627, pl. 72 in buff clay; for similar side-ears on Loeschcke type VIII, see Bussière 2000, no. 2995, pl. 81.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

Discussion: Achilles at the court of Lycomedes in Scyros, obeying the will of his mother, Thetis, by hiding in women’s clothes; see LIMC 1.2, p. 70, no. 137, s.v. Achilleus, and p. 71, no. 140, s.v. Achilleus.

438

Inventory Number: 81.AQ.112.2

Dimensions: L: 6.5 cm; W: 5.6 cm; H: 2.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Broken nozzle tip restored; crack on discus from top to bottom; chip on top rim. Clay 7.5YR8/2 whitish pink, slip 5YR8/3 pink.

Description: Moldmade. Convex shoulder, separated from concave discus by a narrow band with wreath. Central filling-hole. Nozzle form Bus. 2c var. 2 with burn marks. Flat undefined base.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Loeschcke VIII var.

Date: Second century A.D.(?)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Given by donor as Corinth (but doubtful)

Parallels: (Near) Bailey BM III, Q 2643, pl. 72 (Tarsus).

Provenance: – 1981, Robert L. Lawson, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1981.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

439

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.458

Dimensions: L: 12.1 cm; W: 10.0 cm; H: 2.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR7/4 pink, glaze near 2.5YR6/4 light reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ornament ring handle in the shape of a bearded head: Serapis with calathus; one groove on handle. Straight body walls, sloping inward toward base. Curved shoulder richly decorated with vegetal pattern, separated from a rather small discus by two wide moldings; narrow voluted ear on each side. Filling-hole in lower left. Nozzle close to Bus. 2d; relief decor on its top (head). Base-ring marked off by two circular grooves. Potter’s mark: a branch.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Europa, seen frontally, riding to the left on a bull (Jupiter), veil floating behind her.

Type: Loeschcke VIII var.

Date: Second to early third century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: (Identical but without handle shield) Bailey BM III, Q 2081, pl. 45; (near, but with slave and amphora on discus and broken handle) Bailey BM III, Q 2080, pl. 45 (Egypt); (close) Djuric 1995, p. 54, no. C 155; for lamps of the same type, see Shier 1978, nos. 367–68, pl. 40 (Egypt).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

440

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.192

Dimensions: L: 9.1 cm; W: 7.1 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Minor chips on shoulder. Clay 5YR6/4 light reddish brown, glaze 5YR6/6 reddish yellow.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a. Filling-hole lower left. Large heart-shaped nozzle tangent to shoulder (nozzle form Cn. A1, in BM III, p. 330, fig. 160). Base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s incuse signature: ROMANH/S IS (both sigmas retrograde); small circle in lower part.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Two gladiators, Samnite and hoplomachus, in combat to right, each with double-plumed helmet, greaves, and rectangular shield; sword-arm bound for protection (manica); victor standing at left, his adversary kneeling at ground.

Type: Loeschcke VIII var.

Date: First third of second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: For discus (identical) Bruneau 1965, nos. 4633–34, pl. 30 (ROMANESIS); Heres 1968, no. 62, pl. 33.5 (ROMANESIS) (Musée du Louvre); Heres 1972, no. 472 (fr.), pl. 50 (Smyrna); Bailey BM III, p. 56, Q 2769, pl. 85 (ROMANESIS), fig. 66 (with further refs.); Oziol 1993, nos. 77–78, fig. 12 (ROMANESIS).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

III.A.b.15 Loeschcke types IX and X (Firmalampen)

Firmalampen were first produced by workshops in the Po Valley in northern Italy. Broadly diffused since Flavian times in Gaul, Britain, Germany, and central European provinces, they were soon imitated and produced locally in these areas. The lamps have a sturdy biconical body and flat outward-sloping shoulder, separated from the flat-bottomed discus by a raised rim. The plain shoulder features two or three square lugs symmetrically placed on both sides of the lamp axis. Some are pierced, a reminiscence of a former, abandoned function when those lugs (three or two) and the handle served to hold three suspension chains; these chains were joined at one end with a ring or a hook, as can be seen on bronze lamps with still-extant chains. The circular base generally has two rings, a bigger outer one and a thin inner one. Many bases have a workshop signature in relief capital letters, hence the appellation of Firmalampen. Three different individualized shapes of nozzles determine three types:

1. In Loeschcke type IX the cylindrical nozzle has a beveled top and a rounded flat tip. Three variants in this type have been distinguished by Buchi 1975: Buchi IX-a, IX-b, and IX-c. In Buchi IX-a and IX-b, the discus rim is continuous, and there is a groove on the beveled nozzle top between the discus rim and the flat raised nozzle tip. This groove can be very narrow and shallow like a capital letter I (Buchi IX-a); or it can be much deeper and broader (Buchi IX-b, which is more common). In Buchi IX-c, the discus rim is interrupted by a V-shaped channel on the axis of the beveled nozzle top. This channel does not communicate with the wick-hole area, which is on a higher level.

2. In Loeschcke type X the discus rim is prolonged to the nozzle tip, surrounding it and forming a broad channel, which communicates with both the discus and the wick-hole areas; this corresponds to Buchi variant X-a. From the Aquileia material Buchi has distinguished two more variants: Buchi X-b and X-c. The lamps in Buchi X-b are coarser, with rounded shapes; the sides of the nozzle neck are rarely slanted. Those lamps are executed in a poor-quality clay, sometimes slipped. The base usually has only one ring. Buchi’s X-c lamps are of even worse workmanship; rarely slipped, they have a blurred relief, a nozzle channel of varying width without an air hole, and the plain base, exceptionally marked off by one ring, is oval.

3. Finally, there is a rather rare variant of Loeschcke type X, his type X-Kurzform, which corresponds to Buchi’s tipo X forma corta, whose main distinction is its short nozzle and wide shallow body.

Bailey states that the north Italian lamps of Loeschcke type IX started under Vespasian and were produced until the end of the first century A.D. (Bailey BM II, p. 274); in the European provinces copies continued to be produced until the end of the second century A.D. Loeschcke type X began ca. A.D. 90 and lasted until the end of the third century and even much later (Buchi 1975, pp. 29–33; Bailey BM II, p. 272). Bailey stresses that “there is no evidence for dating the cessation of manufacture of the Type in north Italy, and the situation is complicated by the difficulty of distinguishing, in many cases, between north Italian and provincial examples in many publications” (Bailey BM II, p. 275). In Pannonia, according to Iványi, local workshops continued to produce Firmalampen, sometimes much degraded imitations, until the fifth century A.D.

Apart from the Po Valley—where FORTIS, the most prolific and best-known workshop exercised its activity—Firmalampen were produced also in central Italy, as cat. 448, signed LMADIEC, probably proves. Very numerous in central European provinces, Firmalampen are scarce in southern provinces such as Spain, Sicily, Sardinia, Africa, and in Greece and the eastern Mediterranean. Out of sixty-four examples recorded in Algeria, only three seem to be imported north Italian products; the rest are locally made imitations, sometimes quite far from the original models, as shown by Bussière subtype C VII 1,c or C II 2,b (Bussière 2000, p. 85).

III.A.b.15.a Buchi type IX-a = Loeschcke type IX a

Cat. 441 has the general shape of type IX a, with thick continuous discus rim, base with two rings, beveled top nozzle neck with thin shallow groove in letter-I shape, but it does not have the typical square shoulder lugs. We will therefore consider it a variant of the type.

441

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.534

Dimensions: L: 8.6 cm; W: 6.5 cm; H: 2.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay near 5YR6/6 reddish yellow, worn uneven remains of glaze 10R5/6 red.

Description: Moldmade. Unpierced solid vertical handle with one groove. Rounded plain outward-sloping shoulder, separated from flat discus by a ridge and an inward-sloping molding; no square lugs on shoulder, contrary to the norm on Firmalampen. Central filling-hole. Protruding rounded nozzle with semicircular raised wick-hole area; a small circle on each corner of this area; short beveled nozzle neck with narrow and shallow median groove on top, flanked by two small oblique ridges, each ending in a small bead, separating nozzle from shoulder. Flat base marked off by two rings, outer one thicker than inner one.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Buchi IX-a var.

Date: Flavian

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Unknown

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

III.A.b.15.b Buchi type IX-b = Loeschcke type IX b

In lamps of this type, the discus rim is continuous. All have a handle except cats. 442 and 447. On the beveled nozzle top, between the discus rim and the flat raised nozzle tip, is a rather deep and wide groove. The base is marked off by two rings, the outer one bigger than the inner one, the sole exception being cat. 448, whose base has only one wide raised ring. The seven Getty lamps of type IX b are all signed, five in capital relief letters, printed upside-down: FORTIS (twice), STROBILI, ATIMETI, EVCARP; a sixth one in straight relief letters: PVLCHRI; the seventh bears an incuse tria nomina, LMADIEC, a workshop active in central Italy that only occasionally made Firmalampen. The six first workshops were active in northern Italy in the Flavian period (FORTIS kilns have been found near Modena). They specialized in producing Firmalampen. However, their products are geographically so widely dispersed and made over such a long time span that they probably developed branches in several provinces or were copied, not to say pirated, on a large scale and at least during the whole second century. The seventh signature, cat. 448, is an incuse tria nomina, LMADIEC, a workshop active in central Italy that only occasionally made Firmalampen.

442

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.442

Dimensions: L: 11.5 cm; W: 7.6 cm; H: 3.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Nozzle front restored: overpainted and possibly too long. Clay near 7.5YR7/4 pink, glaze 5YR5/6 yellowish red.

Description: Moldmade. Outward-sloping shoulder, separated from flat discus by a ridge; symmetrically placed lug on each side below median horizontal axis. Central filling-hole. Protruding rounded nozzle with semicircular raised wick-hole area; short nozzle neck with broad deep median groove between two slanted sides. Small air hole in the groove. Flat base marked off by two rings, the outer one thicker than the inner one. Workshop signature in relief capital letters upside-down: FORTIS; crown or wreath under it.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Buchi IX-b

Date: Early Flavian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Italy

Parallels: Buchi 1975, no. 447, pl. 25; Bailey BM II, Q 1165, pl. 51; Alram-Stern 1989, no. 135, pl. 25.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

443

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.428

Dimensions: L.7.4; W.3.7; H.2.0

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR8/4 pink, mottled glaze mostly 5YR6/6 reddish yellow.

Description: Moldmade. Substantial smooth ring handle. Outward-sloping shoulder, separated from flat discus by a ridge; two lugs symmetrically placed below median horizontal axis. Central filling-hole. Protruding rounded nozzle with semicircular raised wick-hole area; slightly longer nozzle neck than on cat. 447 and cat. 448, deep median groove between two flat outward-slanting sides. Flat base marked off by two rings, the outer one thicker than the inner one. Workshop signature in relief capital letters upside down: FORTIS, with a wreath below.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Buchi IX-b

Date: Early Flavian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Cologne (Germany)

Parallels: Buchi 1975, no. 447, pl. 25; (close) cat. 447 and cat. 448.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

444

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.440

Dimensions: L: 13.6 cm; W: 7.5 cm; H: 3.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Chips and thin cracks on lower discus, at joint of two halves (left side), and on nozzle top. Clay 2.5YR5/6 red, glaze same color with some darker spots.

Description: Moldmade. Large smooth ring handle with trace of two grooves on upper part. Outward-sloping shoulder, separated from flat discus by a ridge; two lugs symmetrically placed below median horizontal axis. Filling-hole on each side of head. Protruding rounded nozzle with semicircular raised wick-hole area; slightly longer nozzle neck than cat. 447 and cat. 448, with broad deep median groove between two slanting sides. Flat blurred base-ring. Workshop signature in relief capital letters upside down: STROBILI.

Discus Iconography: Youthful face with abundant curly hair in pronounced relief: Bacchus(?).

Type: Buchi IX-b

Date: Early Flavian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Italy

Parallels: (Close) Buchi 1975, no. 992, pl. 51; Bussière 2000, no. 789, pl. 49 (without handle).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

445

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.427

Dimensions: L: 9.4 cm; W: 4.8 cm; H: 2.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact; modern overpaint on discus and handle. Clay near 5YR6/3 light reddish brown, glaze mostly 5YR5/4 reddish brown with a few darker spots.

Description: Moldmade. Substantial smooth ring handle. Sloping shoulder, separated from flat discus by a ridge; two lugs symmetrically placed below median horizontal axis. Central filling-hole. Protruding rounded nozzle with semicircular raised wick-hole area; slightly longer nozzle neck than cat. 447 and cat. 448, with deep median groove between two flat outward-slanting sides. Flat base marked off by two rings, the outer one thicker than the inner one. Workshop signature in relief capital letters upside down: ATIMETI.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Buchi IX-b

Date: Early Flavian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Cologne (Germany)

Parallels: (Close) Buchi 1975, no. 42, pl. 3, and no. 50, pl. 4.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

446

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.420

Dimensions: L: 10.4 cm; W: 5.5 cm; H: 2.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Most of discus missing; broken handle reattached. Clay 7.5YR6/4 light brown, glaze near 2.5YR5/6 red; bottom of lamp burned.

Description: Moldmade. Substantial smooth ring handle. Outward-sloping shoulder, separated from discus by a ridge; two lugs symmetrically placed below median horizontal axis. Small air hole at top of groove on nozzle top. Protruding rounded nozzle with semicircular raised flat wick-hole area; slightly longer nozzle neck than cat. 447 and cat. 448, with broad deep median groove between two flat outward-slanting sides; burn marks. Flat base marked off by two rings, the outer one thicker than the inner one. Workshop signature in relief capital letters upside down: EVCARP.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus(?).

Type: Buchi IX-b

Date: Early Flavian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Cologne (Germany)

Parallels: (For signature only) Buchi 1975, no. 358, pl. 18 (Loeschcke IX c).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

447

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.438

Dimensions: L: 8.1 cm; W: 5.9 cm; H: 2.9 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR7/3 pink, thin uneven glaze mostly 7.5YR5/4 brown.

Description: Moldmade. Outward-sloping shoulder, separated from flat discus by a ridge marked off by a circular groove; lugs symmetrically placed on each side of shoulder. Filling-hole in lower field. Protruding rounded nozzle with semicircular raised wick-hole area; short nozzle neck with broad deep median groove between two flat slanting sides. Flat base marked off by two rings, the outer one thicker than the inner one. Workshop signature in relief capital letters: PVLCHRI (HR in ligature).

Discus Iconography: Two theater masks side by side above filling-hole.

Type: Buchi IX-b

Date: Early Flavian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Bailey BM II, p. 63, Q 967, fig. 67; Alram-Stern 1989, no. 131, pl. 24; Bussière 2000, no. 788, pl. 49.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

448

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.439

Dimensions: L: 9.6 cm; W: 6.2 cm; H: 2.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR6/4 light reddish brown, glaze 10R5/6 red (bottom); top burned dark.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Outward-sloping shoulder, separated from flat discus by a ridge; a symmetrically placed lug on each side of shoulder. Filling-hole left of mask. Protruding rounded nozzle with semicircular raised wick-hole area; short nozzle neck with broad deep median groove between two flat slanting sides. Flat base-ring marked off by two circular grooves. Workshop incuse signature: LMADIEC.

Discus Iconography: Comic theater mask.

Type: Buchi IX-b

Date: Early Flavian to Early Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: (Close) Bémont and Chew 2007, pp. 332, 504, pl. 79, AF 22 (LMADIEC), from North Africa. For the discus decor only, see Bussière 2000, no. 2262, pl. 62 (Loeschcke VIII).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

III.A.b.15.c Buchi type X-a = Loeschcke type X

The characteristic of this type is the prolongation of the discus rim down the nozzle to the tip, which it surrounds, making a broad open channel between the discus and the wick-hole area. Buchi distinguishes three variants in this type, a, b, and c.

Cats. 449 and 450 have no handle. The base of cat. 449 has two unequal-sized rings like the ones seen on the bases of type IX; the base of cat. 450 has three rings. Both lamps have a workshop signature in relief capital letters, upside-down: OCTAVI (cat. 449) and CAMPILI (cat. 450). These two workshops were active in northern Italy from Flavian times until the beginning of the second century A.D. But local workshops produced lamps bearing their names until the beginning of the third century, if not later (Buchi 1975, pp. 16–17 and 127–28).

449

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.441

Dimensions: L: 10.2 cm; W: 7.0 cm; H: 3.1 cm

Condition and Fabric: Nozzle bottom restored; bottom overpainted. Clay 2.5YR6/6 light red, same color slip.

Description: Moldmade. Outward-sloping shoulder, separated from flat discus by a continuous ridge surrounding most of the discus and nozzle, leaving a broad channel between discus and wick-hole; a symmetrically placed lug on each side of the shoulder, slightly below the median horizontal axis. Large filling-hole in lower field. Small air hole in channel. Protruding long nozzle with rounded tip. Flat base marked off by two rings, the outer one slightly thicker than the inner one. Workshop signature in relief capital letters upside-down: OCTAVI.

Discus Iconography: Theater mask.

Type: Buchi X-a

Date: Late Flavian to Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Cologne (Germany)

Parallels: (Close) Buchi 1975, nos. 903 and 919, pl. 45; Bailey BM II, Q 1168, pl. 52.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

450

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.444

Dimensions: L: 12.2 cm; W: 8.2 cm; H: 3.0 cm

Condition and Fabric: Nozzle restored and overpainted. Clay 5YR6/4 light reddish brown, glaze 5YR4/3 reddish brown; most of the lamp burned dark.

Description: Moldmade. Slightly outward-sloping shoulder, separated from flat discus by a continuous ridge surrounding most of discus and nozzle, leaving a straight broad channel between discus and wick-hole; three lugs evenly distributed on shoulder. Filling-hole slightly below center. Two small air holes in channel. Protruding long round-tipped nozzle. Base marked off by three rings, the outer one bigger than the others. Workshop signature in relief capital letters upside-down: CAMPILI.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Buchi X-a

Date: Late Flavian to Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Italy

Parallels: Buchi 1975, no. 83, pl. 6 (similar, with one air hole only).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

III.A.b.15.d Buchi type X-b/c = Loeschcke type X

The criteria used to distinguish groups b and c in the Aquileian material of Loeschcke type X are not always relevant to the Getty lamps, hence the recourse to a mixed group, Buchi X-b/c. These lamps are coarser than the lamps of previous groups and have rounded shapes of blurred relief. The lamps are executed in poor-quality clay, sometimes glazed or slipped, sometimes without any surface cover. The nozzle channel has no air hole. The base is usually circular with one or two rings. In cat. 454, which in contrast to the others has no shoulder lugs, the base tends toward a barely defined oval. None of these lamps bears a workshop signature. We will give them Buchi’s dating: second century A.D.

451

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.436

Dimensions: L: 7.4 cm; W: 4.5 cm; H: 2.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR6/6 reddish yellow, metallic shiny glaze 10YR3/1 very dark gray.

Description: Moldmade. Smooth ring handle. Rounded shoulder, separated from discus by a ridge surrounding most of discus and nozzle, leaving a straight broad channel between discus and wick-hole; a symmetrically placed lug on each side of shoulder. Large central filling-hole. Round-tipped nozzle not distinctly detached from oval lamp body. Base marked off by two rings.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Buchi X-b

Date: Second century A.D. (Buchi)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Cologne (Germany)

Parallels: (Close) Iványi 1935, no. 7, pl. 48; Bémont and Chew 2007, pp. 301, 490, pl. 65, GA 308.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

452

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.425

Dimensions: L: 6.2 cm; W: 3.3 cm; H: 2.1 cm

Condition and Fabric: Right upper part of shoulder chipped; ring handle slightly askew. Clay 5YR7/1 light gray, glaze 5YR5/1 gray.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder slightly sloping and separated from the flat discus by a ridge surrounding most of the discus and nozzle, leaving a straight broad channel between discus and wick-hole; symmetrically placed rectangular grooved lug on each side of shoulder. Large filling-hole. Protruding long nozzle with rounded tip. Base with inner ring marked off by one deep outer groove.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Buchi X-b/c

Date: Second century A.D. (Buchi)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Cologne (Germany)

Parallels: Bémont and Chew 2007, pp. 301–2, 490, pl. 65, GA 310.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

453

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.430

Dimensions: L: 6.1 cm; W: 3.4 cm; H: 2.0 cm

Condition and Fabric: Thin cracks and chips; from worn mold. Clay 7.5YR6/4 light brown, thick glaze near 10YR7/2 light gray.

Description: Moldmade. Substantial ring handle with median groove. Shoulder separated from discus by a ridge surrounding most of discus and nozzle, leaving a straight channel between discus and wick-hole; a nearly symmetrically placed lug on each side of shoulder. Nozzle with rounded tip not distinctly detached from oval lamp body. Blurred base with three rings.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Buchi X-b/c

Date: Second century A.D. (Buchi)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Cologne (Germany)

Parallels: (Close) Liesen 1994, p. 50, no. 219.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

454

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.431

Dimensions: L: 7.7 cm; W: 4.3 cm; H: 2.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR8/2 white, mottled glaze 5YR6/6 reddish yellow with many burned areas.

Description: Moldmade. Smooth ring handle. Outward-sloping shoulder, separated from discus by a ridge surrounding most of discus and nozzle, leaving a straight broad channel between discus and wick-hole; no shoulder-lugs. Central filling-hole. Round-tipped nozzle not distinctly detached from oval lamp body. Oval blurred base.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Buchi X-c

Date: Second century A.D. (Buchi)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Cologne (Germany)

Parallels: Liesen 1994, no. 220.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

III.A.b.15.e Buchi tipo X forma corta = Loeschcke type X-Kurzform

The main difference between lamps of this subtype and the other groups of type X is a circular basin with a short nozzle. The depth of the basin of the coarsely made cat. 457, its orange-brown color, and the shape of its plain planta pedis suggest an eastern Mediterranean place of manufacture or origin, as is the case for cat. 455, also marked with a planta pedis. Both lamps were purchased in Asia Minor. The three theater masks on the discus of cat. 457 are hardly visible, and the three lugs on its shoulder are incised and not in sharp relief as on cat. 455. A date for cat. 457 at the end rather than the middle of the second century A.D., like cat. 455, seems probable.

455

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.152

Dimensions: L: 10.2 cm; W: 7.0 cm; H: 3.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 2.5YR6/6 light red, same color slip, with faintly darker areas.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with three grooves on upper part and one on lower. Sloping shoulder, separated from flat discus by a ridge surrounding most of discus and nozzle, leaving a straight broad but short channel between discus and wick-hole; a raised lug with a median groove symmetrically placed on each side of shoulder below median horizontal axis; small circle incised on each side of handle and of nozzle channel. Small central filling-hole. Small air hole in lower field near the channel. Short round-tipped nozzle. Base with two rings, the interior one narrower than the outer one. Plain planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: Three comic theater masks evenly distributed.

Type: Loeschcke X-Kurzform

Date: Mid-second century A.D. (Bailey)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: None found. For the shape only, see Bailey BM II, Q 1180–Q 1181, pl. 54.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

456

No entry.

457

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.287

Dimensions: L: 7.2 cm; W: 5.3 cm; H: 2.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR6/6 reddish yellow, a few remains of original glaze 10R6/6 light red; many areas burned darker, both on top and bottom. Mica. Incrustation.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with three grooves on upper part, one on lower. Rounded shoulder, separated from discus by a ridge marked off by two grooves surrounding most of discus and channel; square incised mark with central dot, reminiscent of shoulder lugs, symmetrically placed on each side of shoulder; small circle incised on each side of handle and of nozzle channel. Small central filling-hole. Air hole in lower field partly hiding one mask. Short round-tipped nozzle. Flat base-ring marked off by two circular grooves. Large incuse plain planta pedis in center.

Discus Iconography: Three blurred and hardly visible theater masks evenly spaced.

Type: Loeschcke X-Kurzform

Date: Late second century A.D. or later(?)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Southern Anatolia

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

458

Inventory Number: 83.AK.438.418

Dimensions: L: 13.0 cm; W: 8.4 cm; H: 2.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: Broken in several pieces and mended. Coarse clay 5YR6/6 reddish yellow.

Description: Upper mold of Firmalampe, presumably of Loeschcke type X. The lamp produced would have a shoulder with two raised lugs symmetrically placed on median horizontal line; a ridge surrounding both discus and nozzle, leaving a straight broad channel between them. Central filling-hole.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Loeschcke X(?)

Date: Second to third century A.D.(?)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Unknown

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

III.A.b.16 Loeschcke type XI (achtförmige Lampen)

Lamps of this type consist of two communicating bowls with vertical walls and a flat bottom. The bigger bowl would receive tallow as a fuel, and the much smaller one would hold the wick. The general shape evokes the number eight, hence the German appellation achtförmige Lampen (figure-eight lamps). They are found essentially in Britain, Gaul, and Germany, where they are especially numerous: 230 examples have been found in Trier alone, and fourteen in Vindonissa (see Bailey BM III, Q 1639, for more refs. concerning Germany). The two Getty examples both have a base-ring. Cat. 459 has a band handle, cat. 460 a ring handle. Handles were made separately, then applied to the lamp made on the potter’s wheel. According to Loeschcke, examples with a band handle are older than those with a ring handle. The production of these lamps covers a time span from the second half of first century to the first half of second century A.D.

459

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.422

Dimensions: L: 12.3 cm; W: 7.5 cm; H: 3.0 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR8/4 pink, glaze 2.5YR6/6 red.

Description: Wheelmade tallow lamp. Applied band handle with wide median groove. Wide bowl with a flat bottom and nearly vertical wall communicating with a similar much smaller bowl, serving as wick-bowl. Substantial black burn marks on wick-bowl. Raised base-ring.

Type: Loeschcke XI

Date: Second half of first century to first half of second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Cologne (Germany)

Parallels: Loeschcke, Willers, and Niessen 1911, pl. 177; Loeschcke 1919, no. 1003, pl. III; Cleveringa 1949–53, no. 8, fig. 56; Leibundgut 1977, pp. 58–59, nos. 981–87; Defives and Gernez 1971, p. 229, Musée de Bavay no. 4, p. 230, Musée d’Avesnes no. 5, p. 231, and Musée de St. Omer no. 6; Hayes 1980, no. 269, pl. 30; Bailey BM III, Q 1641–Q 1649, pls. 8–9 (from England); Vertet 1983, pp. 126–29; Carré 1984, pp. 77–78, nos. 203–5 and 315–24 (Autun); Goethert 1989, pp. 40–130 (Trier); Liesen 1994, p. 52, nos. 234–35; Goethert 1997, pp. 124–25, fig. 68, pp. 128–29, nos. 97–98, and p. 189 for a bronze model; Kirsch 2002, nos. 447–48, pl. 24; Bémont and Chew 2007, pp. 310, 494, pl. 69, GA 346.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

460

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.424

Dimensions: L: 11.5 cm; W: 6.2 cm; H: 1.9 cm

Condition and Fabric: A few chips on rim near handle. Clay 10YR8/2 white, mottled glaze 2.5YR6/6 light red with black traces.

Description: Wheelmade tallow lamp. Applied ring handle. Shallow bowl with flat bottom and nearly vertical wall communicating with smaller similar bowl, serving as wick-bowl. Raised base-ring.

Type: Loeschcke XI

Date: Second half of first century to first half of second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Cologne (Germany)

Parallels: See parallels given for cat. 459.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

III.A.b.17 Loeschcke type XIII (Tiegellampe)

Lamps of this type look like small casseroles, hence the German appellation Tiegellampen (crucible lamps). Bailey has doubts about the lighting function of these vessels and does not include them in his catalogue (Bailey BM III, p. vii). As he points it out, they do not have a nozzle or even an open wick-place like Loeschcke type XI; no traces of burning have ever been noticed on their rims. In her 1997 publication, published nine years after Bailey BM III, Goethert still accepts them as lighting devices, as Loeschcke did in his time, and as several authors have since, for instance, recently Bémont. We will include the only Getty example in this catalogue, leaving the issue open.

Did these open lamps burn tallow? Loeschcke asked the question and was inclined to answer negatively because of their presence in Pompeii, where olive oil was the usual abundant and cheap lamp fuel. Leibundgut considers that open lamps, including Tiegellampen, may have burned wax or tallow rather than oil (Leibundgut 1977, pp. 57–58). Actually, the lamps probably burned either, depending on which was the cheaper fuel in any given geographical region. Goethert favors oil (Goethert 1997, p. 148), although in Trier tallow would be the expected fuel, as it is in Avenches or Bern.

In the Trier material Goethert identifies seven different profiles of Tiegellampen: her variants a–g (Goethert 1997, p. 148, fig. 87). The wide opening on the top of the vessel, sometimes with a lip, varies in diameter. The profile of the body varies between biconical and biconvex. In Goethert’s variant g the general silhouette of the remarkably small lamp evokes a lens, hence the German appellation of Linsen-förmige Tiegellämpchen.

Tiegellampen have been found in nearly all parts of the Roman Empire. The type is well documented in central and northeastern Gaul, in Switzerland, the Rhine Valley, Aquileia, north of the Alps, in Pannonia, and in the Danubian plain in the Balkans. Isolated examples have been found in Spain, Cyprus, and the Palmyra region. Loeschcke writes, “In Pompei kommen Lämpchen des Typus XIII zahlreich vor” (Loeschcke 1919, p. 306), although the type is not mentioned by Pavolini, in Carandini et al. 1977. For references to these geographical locations, see Di Filippo Balestrazzi 1988, vol. 2.1, pp. 81–86, and vol. 2.2, pls. 13–14 (Aquileia); Larese 1983, no. 115; Hübinger 1993, p. 102, no. 187; and Bémont and Chew 2007, p. 227.

Different dates for Tiegellampen, all forms included, have been suggested: Early Flavian to second and third centuries (Loeschcke 1919); first and second century A.D. (Di Filippo Balestrazzi 1988, vol. 2.1; Bet, Gangloff, and Vertet 1987); first to third century (Leibundgut 1977); second half of first century to mid-third century A.D. (Goethert 1997); and mid-first century to beginning of third century (Bémont and Chew 2007).

461

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.423

Dimensions: L: 8.5 cm; W: 6.7 cm; H: 4.4 cm

Condition and Fabric: Crack on right side. Gray clay and slip burned: 5YR4/1 dark gray.

Description: Wheelmade. Small pierced horizontal stump handle, placed very low on basin. Deep globular body in the shape of a casserole. Large filling-hole. Raised flat base with string marks, left when the lamp was detached from the potter’s wheel.

Type: Loeschcke XIII

Date: Flavian (Loeschcke); first and second centuries A.D. (Di Filippo Balestrazzi; Bet, Gangloff, and Vertet); first to third century A.D. (Leibundgut); second half of the first to middle of the third century A.D. (Goethert); mid-first to early third century A.D. (Bémont)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Cologne (Germany)

Parallels: Fremersdorf 1922, p. 108, type 69; Joffroy 1957, no. 20, pl. 27; Menzel 1969, p. 80, nos. 526–27, figs. 69–70 (Pompeii); Carré 1985, no. 56, fig. 7 (Alesia); Bet, Gangloff, and Vertet 1987, no. 986 (Lezoux); Goethert-Polaschek 1987, p. 169, nos. 1–2, fig. 2; Di Filippo Balestrazzi 1988, vol. 2.1, pp. 81–86, vol. 2.2, pls. 13–14 (Aquileia); Elaigne 1996, figs. 1–3; Goethert 1997, p. 151, no. 114; Kirsch 2002, nos. 464–79, pl. 25; Bémont and Chew 2007, pp. 311–12, 497, pl. 72, GA 349–GA 353.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

III.A.b.18 Loeschcke type XIV (Tüllenlampe)

The vessel of this type looks like a candlestick. It consists of a wheelmade flat-bottomed bowl with a slightly rounded or vertical wall, which is equipped in its center with a cylindrical vertical socket whose function, at first thought, is to hold a wax candle. The presence of one or often several cut-out openings in this socket has intrigued several specialists. Loeschcke has with some reason considered that they might facilitate, by means of a needle, taking off the stump of a burned-down candle before putting in a new one. But some openings, he remarks, are so small that they could not play that role.

Another possibility is that the socket might be the wick-holder of an open lamp burning either fat or tallow, like open lamps of Loeschcke types XI and XIII. Goethert explains the openings in the socket as a way to bring more air to the burning wick. She identifies six variants of sockets based on the shape and number of their openings (Goethert 1997, p. 152, figs. 91–92). Bailey BM III publishes three lamps, Q 1650–Q 1652, close to Loeschcke 1919, Tüllenlampen nos. 1044 and 1047–49; Bailey interprets the BM lamps only as candlesticks, calling the socket a candleholder (description of Q 1650). Several authors prefer to see in these objects nothing but open tallow lamps: Goethert, for the thirty-eight examples from Trier; Bémont, for the nine Gallic examples in the Musée d’Archéologie Nationale Saint-Germain-en-Laye (Bémont and Chew 2007, p. 227); Carré, for the fifty examples from Alesia (Carré 1985); and Joffroy, for the twenty-four examples from Vertillum (Joffroy 1957). A compromise is to adopt, as Leibundgut does, both interpretations. Concerning the seventy-seven examples recorded in Switzerland, she says: “Die Tüllenlampen dienten als Talghälter und als Kerzenhälter” (Leibundgut 1977 p. 58). To confirm this view, fig. 17, p. 317, in Loeschcke’s 1919 catalogue shows two tallow lamps close to his type XI, each provided with a candleholder.

Numerous in Britain and central and eastern Gaul, Tüllenlampen are attested in small numbers also in Italy, the Iberian Peninsula, and Asia Minor. A related type is found in great numbers at Isthmia, Greece—about 1,300 lamps have been excavated in the Sanctuary of Palaimon there (and very few at Corinth), hence their name of Palaimonion lamps—(see Broneer 1977, pp. 35–52). They do present some similarity to Loeschcke type XIV, mostly in the presence of a tubular socket or wick-holder in the center of a saucerlike bowl. But they are larger than Loeschcke type XIV, their walls are curved and not almost vertical, they have no handle, and they burned olive oil exclusively. Given the differences, “it would be hazardous to conclude that there is any direct connection between the few examples from the western provinces and the more numerous lamps from Isthmia” (Broneer 1977, p. 36). The date of Tüllenlampen lacks substantial archaeological evidence. Bailey suggests the second half of the first century A.D. or the first half of the second century; Leibundgut and Goethert, first to third century A.D. Lamps found in Alesia are dated from the last decades of first century to the first decades of second (Carré 1985, p. 283). Lindros Wohl takes into account the more recent excavations at Isthmia, showing that Palaimonion lamps lasted in use until the early decades of the third century A.D. (see Lindros Wohl 2017, cat. nos. 83–102).

462

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.419

Dimensions: W: 6.9–7.4; H: 3.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Handle broken off. Clay 10YR8/2 white, slip near 10YR7/3 light gray.

Description: Wheelmade. Deep bowl with vertical wall and short cylindrical socket (wick-holder[?]) rising at center; socket pierced by openings on opposite sides at bottom; socket rim blackened by fire. Part of edge of bowl blackened. Flat even base.

Type: Loeschcke XIV

Date: Second half of first century or first half of second century A.D. (Bailey); first to third century (Leibundgut and Goethert)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Cologne (Germany)

Parallels: Joffroy 1957, pl. 27; Leibundgut 1977, no. 980, pl. 17; Carré 1985, no. 72, fig. 7; Bailey BM III, Q 1650, pl. 10; Goethert-Polaschek 1988, pp. 463–510; Goethert 1997, pp. 152–53, fig. 93; (near) Bémont and Chew 2007, pp. 312–14, 499, pl. 74, GA 356–63.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

Discussion: The blackened rim of the socket would tend to confirm that its function was to hold a wick and not a candle.

III.b.B.19 Deneauve type X A

This type was long assimilated with Loeschcke type I, until Deneauve in his Lampes de Carthage (Deneauve 1969) rightly identified it as a type of its own. It was developed by African potters between A.D. 175 and 250, at a time when Loeschcke type I had not been in production for more than a century. Deneauve type X A keeps the general shape of its predecessor—round discus and triangular volute-nozzle—and yet it has distinct original features. Deneauve has isolated six nozzle forms not found on the first-century models (Deneauve 1969, p. 76, pl. 2). Generally triangular, the volute-nozzle may also have a more or less rounded tip (see Deneauve 1969, nos. 1042, 1043, pl. 94). Distinct forms of shoulder and base have so far not been worked out. Had it not been signed by PVLLAENVS, the well-known African workshop active A.D. 175–250, a lamp of this type in a private collection (see Bussière 1998) would certainly have been dated to the Julio-Claudian period by many specialists on the basis of its shape alone. This rare document shows one of the first attempts of the African workshop to revive faithfully a completely abandoned form. This was probably done from reuse of old molds, or through the technique of surmoulage, and by progressively adding to the form new original features more in the taste of the time. Among these, for example, is the treatment of the volutes. On cat. 463 they are quite similar to the volutes on Loeschcke type I, but the way they are connected by a ridge underneath the nozzle is something new. On cats. 463 and 465 the volutes are separated by a relief decor on the nozzle top; underneath the nozzle they are linked to each other by a raised fleur-de-lis motif. On cat. 471 they are merely sketched out and marked off by two grooves.

The discus decors are also original and do not figure in the iconographic repertories of former types. They deal with harbor scenes, Alexandrian landscapes, still lifes, hunting scenes, actors, athletes, and mythological representations, all treated in a new style.

Of the nine Getty examples, four have a signature: VICTORINI, POSSESSORVM, PORCI, and one that is illegible. Among other African workshops that produced Deneauve type X A lamps, one finds PVLLAENI, AVGENDI, LVCCEI, MAVRICI, REVOCATI, VENVSII, CARPAMI, and CRETASSI. These ateliers, located in Africa Proconsularis, have also produced and exported lamps to other African provinces, to Italy, the Italian islands, and to Spain. Late examples of such lamps have a rounded or heart-shaped nozzle of type Deneauve VIII B. The date of Deneauve type X A—A.D. 175–250—is supported by the presence of several signatures of those workshops also found in Carthage on clay figurines (Deneauve 1987, pp. 197–230). These show female figures with the fashionable hairstyle of Julia Domna, which provides a chronological clue. One of these figurines, representing an hydraulic organ with its player (Deneauve 1987, fig. 17, Mu 1), bears the signature POSSESSORIS, incised in a characteristic handwriting that is found also on a lamp of Deneauve type X A in the British Museum (Bailey BM III, Q 1718, pl. 15); on one from Bu Njem (Deneauve 1986, p. 145, figs. 2–5): (GRATIANI[?]); on one from Sabratha (Joly 1974, no. 1318, pl. 57); and on cat. 463 (POSSESSORVM). The same writing was used also by MAVRICIVS, as testified by two lamps from Pupput (Bonifay 2004a, p. 336, nos. 11 and 12, fig. 189); and by CARPAMI, AVGENDI, and REVOCATI (see Guarducci 1982, p. 131, fig. 1).

There are a few other archaeological criteria to date the type. Bu Njem (ancient Gholaia), a Roman camp in Libya occupied between A.D. 201 and 259/263, has yielded five lamps of the type under discussion (Rebuffat 1987, pp. 86–87). Another example has been found in a tomb of Pupput dated by its context to the middle or second half of the third century (Bonifay 2004a, p. 336, fig. 189.6, already quoted above for its handwriting). Finally, Chemtou (Tunisia), where the workshop was active between A.D. 175 and 280, has yielded 209 examples of the type (Vegas 1994, p. 175).

Deneauve type X A lamps with harbor scenes have been much discussed: Is the harbor represented Alexandria, Ostia, or Carthage? Ultimately, Bailey favors Carthage (Bailey BM III, p. 431). In several articles—the most important being Joly 1968, Bernhard 1972, Bailey 1984, Carretero Vaquero 1991, and Amaré Tafalla and Liz Guiral 1994—one can find more parallels than the ones given for the similar lamps cats. 464–67. These four lamps had been registered in the Getty Museum as fakes. After careful examination, we think they are authentic. Because parallels of these lamps given by several authors have systematically been considered forgeries produced by a modern workshop in Naples, we will develop our arguments.

Authenticity of cats. 464–67, discussion

The shape, workmanship, and looks and color of clay and slip of the first two lamps, cats. 464–65, are in accordance with some identical known parallels: see Deneauve 1969, no. 1047, pl. 95; or Hellmann 1985, no. 14, for cat. 464; Deneauve 1969, no. 1044, pl. 95, for cat. 465, signed PORCI by an African workshop. The only slight difference between Deneauve no. 1044 and our cat. 465 is the design on their nozzle tops: a stepped structure (lighthouse[?]) on the former, a small boat on the latter. This last design appears also on the nozzle top of a lamp from Carthage of the same African type, signed PVLLAENI, IANVARI (Alaoui I, no. 233). As further evidence of their authenticity, cats. 464–65 have remains of corrosion from an iron wick-nail. In the case of cat. 465, the half-preserved needle, integrated into the clay, is unmistakably ancient.

The general form of cat. 466 as well as the shape of its rilled shoulder and of its base undoubtedly belong to Deneauve type X A, but the blunt squarish shape of its nozzle does not. At least we do not know of any such nozzle form on lamps of Deneauve type X A. Except for its peculiar nozzle, the lamp has several parallels in the literature, for example, Deneauve 1969, no. 1046, signed PVLLAENI just like cat. 466. Puzzling detail: on the discus of the Carthage lamp the fisherman in the boat is holding a fishing rod, which is not represented on cat. 466. Would the same workshop (PVLLAENI) represent practically the same scene both with and without a relatively important detail, or can this omission be due to a defect in the molding process? On some unsigned lamps showing the same fishing scene done in excellent relief—for instance, Mlasowsky 1993, no. 289—we see both the rod and the fisherman unhooking the fish caught on his line. On the other hand, the discus of a fragmented lamp of Deneauve type X A (Vegas 1994, no. 498, pl. 124a) bears the same decor without the fishing rod, as on cat. 466. The authenticity of this lamp is ascertained, for it was found in situ in the camp of Simitthus. Unfortunately its base is missing, so we do not know whether or not the lamp was signed PVLLAENI.

Do the peculiar shape of the nozzle, the omission of the fishing rod, and the perhaps too conspicuous burn marks around the wick-hole of cat. 466 suggest a forgery? The lamp was registered in the Getty Museum as a fake. An inspection under ultraviolet light conducted by Eduardo Sánchez of the Museum’s Antiquities Conservation Department has proved that the nozzle has been restored: the joint lines on the nozzle are visible with some dark brown resinous material in them, which may be paint. Mortar or clay has been used to mask the joints. Is the nozzle the original one, or has it been borrowed from another broken lamp? Only a comparative analysis of both clays, from the basin and the nozzle, performed in a specialized laboratory, could give the answer. Ultimately, our present conviction is that the lamp, despite its suspicious nozzle, is authentic.

One merit of BM III is its classification into organized groups of 165 false lamps in the British Museum, giving, as always, an abundance of parallels. According to BM III, our cat. 467 should be classified in the Naples group of forgeries produced between 1870 and World War II (Bailey BM III, pp. 429–38), more precisely in group 6 of this modern workshop (Bailey 1984, pp. 268–69). This group gathers five lamps showing a fishing scene; group 7 contains five lamps showing a causeway. While admitting that he has seen only three of these ten lamps and that “it is perhaps hazardous to condemn the other seven from photographs alone,” Bailey nevertheless has no doubt whatsoever that the three examples he has actually seen are modern products stemming from an Italian factory, probably in Naples, that manufactured fake lamps as tourist souvenirs. In the course of twenty-five years’ museum work, he adds, he has seen “hundreds of examples of the products of this factory in many museums; these products are readily recognizable by shape, appearance, fabric and surface treatments” (Bailey 1984, p. 269).

Without casting any doubt on Bailey’s exceptional professional experience, we feel that he has not given sufficient reasons to declare as forgeries the five lamps of his group 6 to which cat. 467 belongs, four of which he has not seen. Elsewhere, in Bailey BM III, p. 429, about the thirty-eight lamps of different types included in the Naples group, Bailey specifies: “The fabric is usually of a brownish color, but is occasionally cream-coloured or pale buff, and is normally covered with a dark brown paint, with painted blackening round the wick-holes; very often there is an applied incrustation of rust-coloured particles.” None of these observations applies to cat. 467, nor do the following comments on fakes, made by Haken describing a lamp in the Prague museum (an exact replica of cat. 467): “The lamp is molded of light yellow material. Its surface is light grey. . . . The light weight and the exceptionally well preserved decoration leads immediately to the suspicion that a copy or a falsificate is present here. Noteworthy is also the covering of the surface by a grey color and the application of small grains of rusty color to the decorated surface” (Haken 1958, pp. 106–8, no. 113, pl. 16).

The Prague lamp is undoubtedly a fake. It probably has influenced Joly (1968) to consider as fakes similar lamps gathered in her group I B, and likewise Bailey (1984) when he discusses the four lamps in his group 6 of which, as already noted, he has seen only one (lamp V, from the Fitzwilliam Museum). Carretero Vaquero (1991) and Amaré Tafalla and Liz Guiral (1994) take for granted the same assessment of forgery. Speaking of his lamps nos. 24–28 (p. 202), Carretero Vaquero (1991) writes: “Son falsificaciones napolitanas del siglo XIX, próntamente reconocibles tanto por su forma como por su acabado” (They are Neapolitan fakes from the nineteenth century, immediately recognizable both by their shape and by their finish). Those two statements are unjustified. There is nothing in the shape alone that authorizes us to consider as a fake cat. 467, which has replicas in Deneauve’s authentic lamps nos. 1042–43 signed PVLLAENI. The acabado (finish) of Carreto’s fake lamps nos. 24–28 cannot be a criterion for identifying a forgery, for we have observed the same finish on genuine lamps of Deneauve type X A, such as the Kestner Museum example (Mlasowsky 1993, p. 279, no. 289). Here again we suspect an author of being a posteriori influenced by Haken’s remarks made for his fake lamp no. 113 (Haken 1958, p. 106).

In conclusion, we have no reason whatsoever to suspect the authenticity of cat. 467. The Prague fake lamp no. 113 must have been inspired by a genuine lamp that has to be sought in Africa exclusively, given that its shape is absent in other Roman provinces.

463

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.473

Dimensions: L: 14.6 cm; W: 8.2 cm; H: 3.4 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, mottled glaze 5YR5/6 yellowish red.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with two grooves on both upper and lower parts. Plain shoulder separated from concave discus by a molding consisting of a thin outer ridge and a wider inner one. Two equal-sized filling-holes, one on each side of center. Unpierced air hole on nozzle top. Double-volute nozzle with angular tip; thin ridge connecting volutes under nozzle. Flat base-ring marked off by two circular grooves. Potter’s incuse signature: POSSESSO/RVM.

Discus Iconography: Head of Acheloüs: half human, collar of beard and wide-open nostrils; half bovine, two horns and two bovine ears.

Type: Deneauve X A; Bussière form E I 1

Date: A.D. 175–230

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: None found. For different treatment of the head of Acheloüs, see: Deneauve 1969, no. 304, pl. 37 (Loeschcke I), with main characteristics similar to those of cat. 463, and no. 915, pl. 83 (Loeschcke VIII, signed AVRELI), with much similarity too; Hanotte 2005, no. 52, pl. 64. For the representation of Acheloüs as a whole ox with a human face: Deneauve 1969, no. 305, pl. 37; Casas Genover and Soler Fusté 2006, no. G 58, pl. 5 (Loeschcke I); Gauthier 1984 (Avignon St. Agricol), p. 410, fig. 6, top right; Rivet 2003, no. 434.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

464

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.438.249

Dimensions: L: 14.1 cm; W: 8.6 cm; H: 3.1 cm

Condition and Fabric: Chipped ring handle. Clay and slip near 10YR7/4 very pale brown.

Description: Moldmade. Shoulder separated from concave discus by a molding consisting of a flat band marked off by an outer groove and an inner ridge defined by two grooves. Filling-hole slightly left of center. Air hole in lower field with traces of iron corrosion. Double-volute nozzle with angular tip; on its top between volutes, triangular stepped design (tip downward), possibly representing a building; raised fleur-de-lis motif incised on nozzle underside. Raised base-ring marked off by two circular grooves.

Discus Iconography: Cityscape with harbor, presumably Carthage (Bailey BM III, p. 189, Q 1715); in the background, a series of monuments, from left to right: gate, portico with three columns and architrave, and three round-roofed buildings; behind, on a higher level, a big dome in the center, possibly with three trees at left and two columns at right; foreground: wide long bridge with seven arches, monumental arched entrance gate at left; a man crossing the bridge on a cart drawn by a donkey or mule, his extended right arm either whipping the animal or holding the reins. Two ducks swim in the water.

Type: Deneauve X A; Bussière form E I 1

Date: A.D. 175–230

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: (Identical) Besnier and Blanchet 1900, p. 23, no. 30; Deneauve 1969, no. 1047, pl. 95, fr.; Deneauve 1986, p. 148, fig. 7, reproduced in Joly 1968, pl. 42.a, and Amaré Tafalla and Liz Guiral 1994, group III; Joly 1968, p. 48, pl. 42 (b) Ostia Museum, and (c) Agrigento Museum; Rosenthal and Sivan 1978, p. 26, no. 77 (decor retouched); Hellmann 1985, p. 18, no. 14; (near, with different nozzle shape) Waldhauer 1914, no. 169, pl. 15; Bailey 1984, pl. 47, group 5, signed CIVNBIT, Firmalampen type, reproduced in Bernhard 1972, p. 319.2; Bémont and Chew 2007, p. 526, pl. 101, FX 8; Bailey 1984, no. 7, pl. 47, with a different foreground. These last three lamps are said by Bailey to be forgeries from a modern Naples workshop.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

Discussion:
Some have seen in the stepped design on the nozzle top the lighthouse at either Alexandria, Carthage, or Ostia (Reddé 1979, p. 862; Guarducci 1982; Bailey 1984).

Previously considered a fake, this lamp is authentic, as corroborated by the remains of corrosion from an iron wick-nail; see Authenticity of cats. 464–67 discussion.

465

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.438.245

Dimensions: L: 12.4 cm; W: 7.9 cm; H: 3.0 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR6/3 light reddish brown, mottled glaze mostly 5YR4/2 dark reddish gray.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder separated from concave discus by three circular rills. Filling-hole at left with remains of corroded iron wick-nail. Air hole in lower field. Volute-nozzle with angular tip; on top, small boat in relief (same design on lamp of Deneauve type X A found in Carthage, signed PVLLAENI IANVARI; cf. Alaoui I, p. 172, no. 233); raised fleur-de-lis motif on nozzle underside. Grooved raised base-ring. Potter’s incuse signature: PORCI.

Discus Iconography: Harbor scene showing semicircular portico with a row of evenly spaced columns and a tile roof; reefs in the foreground, two small boats in the harbor; in the upper one, a man is rowing to right; in the lower one, two mariners, the left one, with a hat, lifting an unclear round object.

Type: Deneauve X A; Bussière form E I 1

Date: A.D. 175–230

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: (Near, with different design on the nozzle; the upper boat is moving to left, the lower boat has a different shape) Deneauve 1969, no. 1044, pl. 45, reproduced in: Deneauve 1986, p. 149, fig. 8; Carretero Vaquero 1991, p. 212, fig. 1.7; Amaré Tafalla and Liz Guiral 1994, p. 25, nos. 31–32, pl. IV; Palanques 1992, no. 168, pl. 5; Lerat 1954, no. 69, pl. 9 (nozzle of different shape, possibly restored in modern or ancient time; see Deneauve 1986, p. 149, n. 36).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

Discussion: From its large semicircular portico, the port in the discus has sometimes been identified with Ostia. For a presumed connection of the potter’s signature with EXO/FICINA/PORC, see Bussière 2000, p. 230, type E III,1. Previously considered a fake, this lamp is authentic; see Authenticity of cats. 464–67 discussion.

466

Inventory Number: 75.AQ.21

Dimensions: L: 12.2 cm; W: 8.2 cm; H: 2.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Thin crack on discus; nozzle wrongly restored and reattached; conspicuous burn marks; some overpaint. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, glaze 10YR6/2 light brownish gray.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with two grooves on both upper and lower parts. Flat shoulder, separated from concave discus by a molding, two ridges marked off by three grooves. Filling-hole at left. Air hole in lower field. Volute-nozzle with unexpected blunt, nearly square tip; raised fleur-de-lis on nozzle underside. Base-ring marked off by two narrow rings. Potter’s incuse signature PVLLAENI (same written form as on cat. 463, signed POSSESSORIS).

Discus Iconography: City waterfront seen from a harbor; left to right on first level: house, portico with four columns, arch, building with pediment, possible temple, and small structure; on upper level: three substantial buildings; two fishermen in the foreground, the right one sitting in a boat, in contrast to parallels of this lamp not holding a fishing rod; the left one standing on shore, throwing a net; both wear hats; reefs or jetty made of big stone blocks behind him.

Type: Deneauve X A; Bussière form E I 1

Date: A.D. 175–230

Place of Manufacture or Origin: None given by donor, but presumably Tunisia

Parallels: (Discus decor similar except that the man in the boat is holding a fishing rod; different nozzle shape) Mercando 1962, no. 31, pl. 11; Joly 1968, Rome, Musei Capitolini/Vienna, Kunsthistorisches Museum/Sabratha, Antiquarium, pls. 40–42, a, b, c, d; Deneauve 1969, p. 212, no. 1046, pl. 95 (PVLLAENI), reproduced in Deneauve 1986, p. 147, fig. 6; Joly 1974, pp. 111–12, nos. 141–45, pl. 10; Bailey BM III, p. 189, Q 1715, pl. 15 (AVGENDI), also published in Bailey 1984, pl. 47.1; Mlasowsky 1993, p. 279, no. 289 (fr.); Vegas 1994, no. 498, pl. 124; Giuliani 1994, pp. 215–24, figs. 1 and 5–6; Musée du Louvre, inv. no. 2131; Vienna, Kunsthistorisches Museum, inv. no. V. 3068. A somewhat similar discus decor appears on lamp no. 113 in Heres 1972, pl. 15, and on lamp no. 306 in Gualandi Genito 1977, pl. 41. Both Italian lamps are a late form of Loeschcke type VIII with a round nozzle. An example found in Ostia is signed ANNISER, a well-known Italic potter working during Severan times. Bochum Museum, Schüller Collection, no. 216, S 874.

Provenance: – 1975, Jerome M. Eisenberg, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1975.

Bibliography: Frel 1981, p. 69, n. 2.

Discussion:
Bernhard interprets the three buildings in the upper register of the discus as the Mausoleum of Alexander, the Temple of Alexander, and the tomb of Cleopatra, all in Alexandria (Bernhard 1955; Bernhard 1956). This opinion is shared by Amaré Tafalla and Liz Guiral 1994, p. 35; and by Rostovtzeff 1911, p. 153, fig. 66. For his part, Bailey claims that since most of the harbor-scene lamps of Deneauve type X have been found in Tunisia, several bearing well-known African potters’ signatures, the harbor must be Carthage rather than Alexandria or Ostia (Bailey 1984, pp. 271–72).

Previously considered a fake, this lamp is authentic; see Authenticity of cats. 464–67 discussion.

467

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.438.248

Dimensions: L: 13.7 cm; W: 9.6 cm; H: 3.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR6/4 light brown, glaze varies between 5YR5/1 gray and 5YR5/2 dark gray, with darker spots. Powdery gold mica.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with three grooves on upper part and two on lower. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a. Central filling-hole. Small air hole on ridge near nozzle. Volute-nozzle with slightly rounded, rather than definitely angular tip; ridge joining volutes on its underside. Raised base-ring with two inner rings; central cavity, such as mentioned by Bailey on late Ephesus lamps (Bailey BM III, p. 371).

Discus Iconography: View of city seen from a harbor; left to right on first level: house, portico with four columns, gate, building with pediment, possible temple; on second level: three important buildings, one of them circular with domed roof; two fishermen in foreground, the right one seated in a boat is angling with a fishing pole; the other, standing at left, is fishing with a net; reefs or jetty made of big stone blocks behind him.

Type: Deneauve X A; Bussière form E I 1

Date: A.D. 175–230

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: (Identical, with narrow volute-nozzle) Balil 1962, fig. 8 (Museu de Prehistòria de València; according to Balil, the lamp was probably found in Ampurias); St. Petersburg, State Hermitage Museum, no. 2, reproduced by Joly 1968, pl. 41a; and Amaré Tafalla and Liz Guiral 1994, p. 23, given as a fake; Haken 1958, p. 106, no. 113, pl. 16, given as a forgery; Bailey 1984, no. 6, pl. 47, said to be a forgery from a modern workshop in Naples; (near, with the common broad nozzle of Deneauve type X A, and authentic) Mercando 1962, no. 31, pl. 10.4; Joly 1968, pl. 40b, reproduced in Amaré Tafalla and Liz Guiral 1994, pl. II.1; Deneauve 1969, no. 1046, type X A, pl. 95 (PVLLAENI); Bernhard 1972, no. f.4; Bailey BM III, Q 1715, pl. 15 (AVGENDI). A lamp in the Fitzwilliam Museum in Cambridge, acc. GR 11.1978, said to be a fake.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

Discussion: Previously considered a fake, this lamp is authentic; see Authenticity of cats. 464–67 discussion.

468

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.438.243

Dimensions: L: 14.7 cm; W: 9.0 cm; H: 3.4 cm

Condition and Fabric: Crack at upper end of handle. Clay near 5YR6/6 reddish yellow, traces of glaze 2.5YR6/6 light red.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on both upper and lower parts. Flat shoulder decorated with a band of narrow ovolos marked off by two circular grooves. Filling-hole in upper field, air hole in lower. Angular-tipped volute-nozzle with bilobed motif on top; raised fleur-de-lis on its underside. Raised base-ring consisting of three rings marked off by four grooves. Potter’s incuse upside-down signature VICT/ORINI.

Discus Iconography: Amphitheater scene: bear attacking a man falling at left, one knee on the ground; another man (bestiarius) at right whipping the beast, his left hand seeming to hold a cord or another whip(?); the attacked man’s whip may be below the groundline.

Type: Deneauve X A; Bussière form E I 1

Date: A.D. 175–230

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: (Identical) Deneauve 1969, no. 1056, pl. 45.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

469

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.247

Dimensions: L: 14.8 cm; W: 9.2 cm; H: 3.4 cm

Condition and Fabric: Thin crack between nozzle and discus; nozzle and lower volutes much restored; overpaint. Clay near 7.5YR7/4 pink, glaze mostly 7.5YR6/4 light reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a. Central filling-hole. Small air hole in lower field. Angular-tipped volute-nozzle; under nozzle, volute-knobs joined by ridge. Base: three concentric rings.

Discus Iconography: Fig and three radishes on a shelf in upper field; in lower field, a big round loaf of bread on a square tray between an artichoke or an unidentified vegetable at left and a napkin at right, perhaps representing victuals of sportula.

Type: Deneauve X A; Bussière form E I 1

Date: A.D. 175–230

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Tunisia

Parallels: (Near) Deneauve 1969, no. 1041, pl. 94. For other and different discus decors showing vegetables, see Loeschcke 1919, no. 466, pl. 11; Leibundgut 1977, nos. 153–55, pl. 35; Kirsch 2002, pl. 11.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

470

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.438.246

Dimensions: L: 14.1 cm; W: 8.3 cm; H: 3.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Thin crack between nozzle and discus; lower half overpainted. Clay 2.5YR5/6 red, glaze near 2.5YR6/6 light red.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Shoulder: Loeschcke form VII a. Central filling-hole. Air hole in lower field. Angular-tipped volute-nozzle; under it, a thick rounded ridge connecting the volutes. Raised base-ring marked off by two rings.

Discus Iconography: At left, a piece of furniture or cista(?) with a coiled-up snake on top; facing it at right, an unclear conical shape raised on a square unidentified base; three radishes in foreground; second unclear shape in upper field of discus, possibly a fruit(?).

Type: Deneauve X A; Bussière form E I 1

Date: A.D. 175–230

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: None found. Same body shape (shoulder and nozzle) as Deneauve 1969, no. 1041.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

471

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.79

Dimensions: L: 10.3 cm; W: 6.0 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR6/6 reddish yellow, uneven worn glaze 5YR5/6 yellowish red, with darker spots.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part and one on lower. Body with tapering sides. Shoulder separated from concave discus by a molding of three descending ridges. Central filling-hole. Small air hole(?) in right field, another one in lower field. Angular-tipped volute-nozzle; unclear relief decor on nozzle top. Flat base-ring marked off by two grooves.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Deneauve X A; Bussière form E I 1

Date: First half of third century A.D.(?)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

III.B.b.20 Near Deneauve type X B

This type differs from the preceding one, first, by the odd volutes in the shape of widely spread bird wings and, second, by the shoulder decors. Moreover, handles may be of the band type with twisted cord ornament. The type knew a limited production: in Deneauve’s Lampes de Carthage there are five examples of his type X B compared to twenty-one of his type X A; it has not been found in Chemtou and Bu Njem/Gholaia (Tunisia and Libya, respectively); five examples are recorded in Algeria; only one in Sabratha (Libya).

One lamp from Carthage published in Alaoui I (no. 350, pl. 36) is signed EX OFFI Q SEM; it is not recorded in Deneauve’s 1969 catalogue. The same signature appears on an Algerian lamp of Deneauve type X B published by Cardaillac (Cardaillac 1890, no. 270, fig. 14), only briefly mentioned in Bussière 2000, for the lamp has disappeared. The date of the well-known African workshop Q SEM, A.D. 175–225, matches the chronology assigned to Deneauve type X A: A.D. 175–250. But two lamps of Deneauve type X B (Deneauve 1969, nos. 1061 and 1063, pl. 96) are signed M.NOV.IVSTI, another African workshop, whose activity is slightly earlier than that of Q SEM: A.D. 150/160–180. Consequently type X B, absent from both Chemtou and Bu Njem, should be earlier than type X A (Bonifay 2004a, p. 335).

Within the two types whose major common feature is the revival of the triangular volute-nozzle of Loeschcke type I, one can trace a clear evolution. This starts from the original standard form of volutes and ends with a much more elaborate form, rightly perceived by Deneauve and others as “baroque.” A lamp from a private collection signed PVLLAENI (Bussière 1998) logically finds its place at the very beginning of this revival process, having the canonical form of a triangular nozzle, which will progressively be modified according to the African taste. Let us bear in mind that PVLLAENVS started his activity in the same period as NOV.IVSTVS, that is, in the Late Antonine period. For a time both ateliers produced the same lamps of Loeschcke type VIII with a plain shoulder and a short rounded nozzle. These lamps were either absolutely identical to the Italic ones (e.g., Bussière 2000, nos. 1241, 1876, 1893, and 1934 signed MNOVIVSTI; 1300–1303 signed PVLLAENI); or very similar (e.g., lamp no. 86, pl. 14, in Ennabli, Salomonson, and Mahjoubi 1973, signed PVLLAENI, itself identical to their lamp no. 53, pl. 14, signed EXOFIQSEM).

Actually, neither of the two Getty lamps cats. 472–73 has the same feathered volutes in slight relief as found on Deneauve type X B. In contrast to what is seen on lamps of this type, cat. 472 has an ornament handle, as Deneauve no. 1068 once had. The discus decor of cat. 472 is seen on third-century African lamps (Bussière 2000, nos. 3466, 3468).

Cat. 473 shows a lion in relief, a decor not uncommon on African lamps. Apart from Deneauve no. 1066 (Deneauve 1969, pl. 97) and its Algerian replica (Bussière 2000, no. 3681, pl. 105), we can also refer to a lioness (Joly 1974, no. 838, pl. 31) and to three examples of lions in private collections similar to Deneauve no. 1066. Is cat. 473 a very debased version of this popular theme? Deneauve’s no. 1066 is in brownish red clay with light red slip—colors not too far from those of cat. 473. However, we must admit that we relate cats. 472–73 to “near” Deneauve type X B without total conviction: they may not be African at all.

472

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.506

Dimensions: L: 21.5 cm; W: 13 cm; H: (total) 17.5 cm, (of basin) 4.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact except for slight crack on upper discus. Burn marks on nozzle. Clay near 2.5YR6/4 light reddish brown, glaze 10R5/8 red. Slight mica.

Description: Moldmade. Ornament handle in the shape of a horse’s head with curved neck, pierced at base; at midheight of neck a thick ridge not completely surrounding it. Narrow outward-sloping shoulder, separated from discus by a band of radiating pattern and a ridge: two parallel short straight lines surmounted by a heart-shaped motif alternating with a short straight line with globular top. Almost central filling-hole. Air hole in lower field. Large angular-tipped volute-nozzle; thinly striated double-volutes with curling spines incised on flat nozzle top; on the underside, a heart-shaped motif marked off by two thin grooves. Raised rounded base-ring marked off by two circular grooves; additional inner flat ring marked off the same way.

Discus Iconography: Hippocamp, mythic sea monster with a horse’s head on top of a long neck, feline claws, and the body of horse, ending in the curled tail of a marine creature.

Type: Near Deneauve X B(?); Bussière form E I 3

Date: A.D. 200–250(?)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: None found. For the discus decor alone, see Bussière 2000, p. 360, nos. 3466 and 3468, pl. 95, and p. 177, decor I.e.5.(1–4) (Loeschcke VIII). For the ornament handle, see Rodríguez Martín 2002 (Mérida museum), fig. 1.1, and fig. 19.7; the lamp in fig. 1.1, inv. no. 938, p. 44, pl. 5.1, is classified by Rodríguez Martín as a variant of Bailey type D group III = Deneauve V B, despite the fact that its nozzle is more triangular than ogival and not far from the nozzle of this lamp. The ornament handle of the Mérida lamp has a striking resemblance to the handle of this lamp. We wonder if the Mérida lamp should not rather be considered a variant of Deneauve type X B, although it is true that Augustan lamps of Bailey type D I or D III, sometimes have handles in the shape of a horse’s head, imitating bronze models. Ponsich wrongly attributed his lamp no. 33, pl. 5, to Loeschcke type I, when it belongs to Deneauve type X A, dated to Severan times (Ponsich 1961).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

473

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.314

Dimensions: L: 12.4 cm; W: 8.7 cm; H: 3.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact, except for slight crack on discus. Clay near 7.5YR6/4 light brown, glaze 2.5YR5/6 red.

Description: Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Rounded shoulder with three felines running. Starting from the handle: two felines running clockwise followed by a third running counterclockwise. Discus surrounded by a circular groove. Two equal-sized holes on discus. Round-tipped nozzle flanked by two plain spreading volutes in faint relief. Raised convex base-ring with two inner circular ridges; small central dotted circle in relief.

Discus Iconography: Crouching lion in pronounced relief to left, head turned to right; the lion’s tail and paws spill onto shoulder of lamp.

Type: Near Deneauve X B(?); Bussière form E I 3

Date: First half of third century A.D.(?)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

Discussion: Although the discus decor is elaborate, its quality is rather coarse.

III.B.b.21 Bussière type E I 4

This form, primarily found in Algeria, groups together lamps that mostly have volute-nozzles. Among the four subgroups of E I, E I 1, and E I 3 are typologically well identified and both correspond to Deneauve type X A. Subgroup E I 2 contains lamps that keep some features of Deneauve X A (e.g., the volute-nozzle), and that were produced at the same time. The last subgroup, E I 4, more or less artificially gathers together late North African lamps (end of the third century A.D.) of less definable shapes. Most still have volutes as in the previous subgroups, but the volutes are sketchier.

Cat. 474 is close to Bussière 2000, no. 3716, pl. 106. Its red clay, common in central Tunisia, confirms its African place of manufacture or origin. The depth of the basin of cat. 475 as well as the biconvex, nearly biconical basin of cat. 476 along with the profile of its nozzle and its potter’s mark confirm their eastern place of manufacture or origin. According to Schüller, both lamps were purchased in Asia Minor. We nevertheless classify them among African lamps due to their form near Bussière E I 4—a form we admit is not clearly defined—and in order to avoid creating another type. A lamp from Chemtou of a shape close to that of cat. 475 is by Vegas considered a variant of Deneauve type X A = Bussière form E I 1 (Vegas 1994, no. 535, fig. 188). The three Getty lamps may have been produced in the first half of the third century.

474

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.417

Dimensions: L: 14.6 cm; W: 10.5 cm; H: 3.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay and slip 2.5YR6/8 light red.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with three thin grooves on upper part, one on lower. Flat shoulder with two furrows, separated from concave discus by a ridge surrounding it completely. Two equal-sized filling-holes, one on each side of center discus. Volute-nozzle with slightly angular tip. Raised rounded base-ring with two circular ridges inside.

Discus Iconography: Bust of a bearded military man with curly hair in profile to right, wearing cuirass, possibly with a sword strap across his chest.

Type: Bussière form E I 4

Date: First half of third century A.D.(?)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: None found. Some similarity with Bussière 2000, no. 3716, pl. 106.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

475

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.171

Dimensions: L: 9.2 cm; W: 6.5 cm; H: 2.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Burn marks on left top and on nozzle. Clay 2.5YR6/6, light red, glaze 2.5YR6/4 light reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Rounded outward-sloping shoulder, separated from discus by an inward-sloping molding of three concentric circular ridges marked off by four grooves. Slightly concave discus with four filling-holes placed in an unusual configuration: three carelessly cut in a diagonal line, one in the upper left field of discus. Volute-nozzle with rounded tip. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Bussière form E I 4

Date: First half of third century A.D.(?)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

476

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.310

Dimensions: L: 10.5 cm; W: 6.6 cm; H: 2.9 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR5/6 strong brown, uneven glaze 7.5YR5/2 reddish gray (sediment on bottom).

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with three grooves on upper part, one on lower. Outward-sloping shoulder, separated from discus by a circular ridge marked off by one groove on exterior side. Concave discus with one or possibly two slightly raised bands. Central filling-hole. Small air hole in lower field. Round-tipped nozzle flanked by two widely spreading volutes, each with six notches; raised nozzle top with burn marks. Between the volutes are two raised lines. Base-ring. Potter’s mark in relief: four round cavities arranged in cross form.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Bussière form E I 4

Date: First half of third century A.D.(?)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

III.B.b.22 Ennabli (Raqqada) type 14

This type is derived from Deneauve’s African type VIII B with a heart-shaped nozzle, a form quite popular in the third century. Like the following types, Ennabli 15 and 16, type 14 is specific to central Tunisia; it is recorded in the literature only in La nécropole romaine de Raqqada (Ennabli, Salomonson, and Mahjoubi 1973, pls. 27–28) and by one example in Lampes de Carthage (Deneauve 1969, no. 1135, pl. 102). Its major characteristic is a ridge surrounding both the discus and the nozzle top, leaving a short narrow “strangled” channel between them. By canal étranglé Bussière means a short straight channel that opens up to the wick-hole area by right-angle turns of its ridges. The flat shoulder is decorated with simple geometric patterns: striations, dentils, ovolos, or globules. The shape of the base varies: either a flat base marked off by one groove (cat. 477), or a raised base-ring marked off by two grooves (cat. 480), or a base-ring with one inner ring (cat. 479).

Some discuses are plain, others show animals, amphitheater, circus scenes, or geometric motifs such as rosettes.

Ennabli does not give individual dates for any of the sixteen types he distinguishes in Raqqada. We will have to make do with his overall attribution to the second half of third century A.D.

477

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.239

Dimensions: L: 12.0 cm; W: 8.5 cm; H: 2.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 2.5Y7/4 pale yellow, a few remains of glaze 7.5YR5/4 brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with one groove on both parts. Flat plain shoulder, separated from discus by a ridge marked off by two grooves; ridge surrounding both discus and nozzle top, leaving short narrow “strangled” channel between them. Filling-hole left of center. Air hole in lower discus. Short round-tipped nozzle surrounded by a raised edge with burn marks. Base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Frontal eagle with spreading wings, head to left.

Type: Ennabli 14 (Raqqada)

Date: Second half of third century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: None found; (close) Kricheldorf 1962, no. 232, pl. 27; Deneauve 1969, no. 949, pl. 86.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

478

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.296

Dimensions: L: 10.1 cm; W: 7.2 cm; H.2.8

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, uneven worn glaze 2.5YR5/6 red.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part and one on lower. Flat shoulder with plain flat band marked off by two grooves, separated from discus by a narrower second flat band; this band, slightly raised, surrounding both discus and nozzle top, leaves a “strangled” channel between them. Central filling-hole. Air hole in lower field, facing channel. Short round-tipped nozzle. Raised flat base-ring marked off by one groove.

Discus Iconography: Rosette with ten petals.

Type: Ennabli 14 (Raqqada); Deneauve XII

Date: Second half of third century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

479

Inventory Number: 79.AQ.28.6

Dimensions: L: 10.8 cm; W: 8.6 cm; H: 3.0 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, uneven glaze 10R6/6 light red; right side burned.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with three grooves on upper part. Flat shoulder with slanted relief rays, separated from discus by a ridge surrounding both discus and nozzle top, leaving a short narrow “strangled” channel between them. Filling-hole lower right. Air hole in lower field. Short round-tipped nozzle surrounded by a raised edge; two curved rows of notches on underside. Raised base-ring with an additional narrower inner ring.

Discus Iconography: Frontal eagle with spreading wings, head to right.

Type: Ennabli 14 (Raqqada)

Date: Second half of third century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Tunisia

Parallels: Arslan 2001, p. 51, inv. no. 21.1.1984 (from Tunisia[?]).

Provenance: – 1979, William L. Eagleton, Jr., donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1979.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

480

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.215

Dimensions: L: 11.0 cm; W: 8.2 cm; H: 2.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR8/3 very pale brown, varying glaze between 5YR6/6 reddish yellow and 5YR5/3 reddish brown; part of side and bottom surface damaged, possibly by fire(?).

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with two grooves on both parts. Deep basin. Shoulder with a row of triangles alternately pointing inward and outward between two ridges; second inner thicker ridge surrounding both discus and nozzle top, leaving a short narrow “strangled” channel between them. Filling-hole on right side. Air hole in lower field. Short round-tipped nozzle surrounded by a raised edge. Raised base-ring marked off by two circular grooves.

Discus Iconography: A man walking to right in a garment that leaves arms and legs bare, a vessel on his left shoulder.

Type: Ennabli 14 (Raqqada)

Date: Second half of third century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: None found. For an identical discus decor but on lamps of type Deneauve X A, see Ponsich 1961, no. 33, pl. 5; Joly 1974, no. 139, pl. 9; Bussière 2000, p. 365, no. 3645, pl. 102, and p. 180, decor II.a.3.(20).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

481

Inventory Number: 81.AQ.112.15

Dimensions: L: 10.3 cm; W: 7.4 cm; H: 2.9 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 2.5YR8/4 pale yellow (rough surface, many small inclusions), scant remains of glaze 5YR6/3 light reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with one groove on upper part. Flat shoulder marked off by two grooves with a row of connected X-patterns; ridge surrounding both discus and nozzle top, leaving a short narrow “strangled” channel between them. Slightly concave discus surrounded by an additional inner ridge interrupted at channel. Filling-hole in upper field with remains of corroded iron wick-nail. Air hole in lower field. Short round-tipped nozzle surrounded by a raised edge. Slightly raised base-ring marked off by two circular grooves.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Ennabli 14 (Raqqada)

Date: Second half of third century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Given by the donor as Corinth, Greece, but the lamp is unmistakably African made

Parallels: Ennabli, Salomonson, and Mahjoubi 1973, nos. 319–21 and 339, pl. 28.

Provenance: – 1981, Robert L. Lawson, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1981.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

III.B.b.23 Ennabli (Raqqada) type 15

This is the most abundant type in Raqqada, represented by forty-three examples, which Ennabli arranges into seven distinct series. The main characteristic of the type is a ridge surrounding both the discus and the nozzle top, leaving a broad channel connecting the discus to the wick-hole area. The shoulder and base forms are similar to those of Raqqada type 14. The lamps date to the second half of third century A.D.

482

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.294

Dimensions: L: 10.2 cm; W: 7.4 cm; H: 3.0 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR8/4 pink, worn glaze 7.5YR5/4 brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Flat shoulder with short crossed lines making X-pattern, separated from the slightly concave discus by two ridges, the inner one smaller, both surrounding discus and nozzle top, leaving a broad channel connecting discus to wick-hole area. Central filling-hole. Facing the channel, air hole with traces of iron corrosion from wick-nail. Short round-tipped nozzle surrounded by a raised edge. Raised base-ring marked off by two circular grooves; an additional narrow inner one; two small concentric grooves in center.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Ennabli 15, series 3 (Raqqada)

Date: Second half of third century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

483

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.293

Dimensions: L: 10.5 cm; W: 7.2 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR6/4 light brown, thin remains of glaze 10YR5/6 yellowish red.

Description: Moldmade. Pierced vertical ring handle with two smudged grooves on upper part, one on lower. Slightly oval body. Flat shoulder with a row of connected spirals, separated from discus by an outer ridge surrounding both discus and nozzle top, leaving a wide channel between them. Central filling-hole with corroded iron wick-nail. Air hole in front of channel entrance. Raised flat base-ring.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Ennabli 15, series 6 (Raqqada)

Date: Second half of third century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor, according to Schüller, but this seems to be a mistake, for Ennabli type 15 is totally absent in this geographical area. A Tunisian place of manufacture or origin is most probable.

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

484

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.316

Dimensions: L: 13.2 cm; W: 9.0 cm; H: 3.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR7/4 pink, glaze 2.5YR5/6 red.

Description: Moldmade. Solid ungrooved handle. Outward-sloping shoulder with a row of dots, separated from the flat discus by a herringbone ridge surrounding both discus and nozzle top, leaving a broad channel with slightly curved sides between discus and nozzle. Filling-hole left of center. Same size air hole in lower field. Blurred base-ring.

Discus Iconography: Mercury, standing frontal, head turned to left; nude except for a mantle draped around his neck and hanging down his left side; his left hand is holding a caduceus, his right a purse; at right, a cock atop a pedestal or altar; a turtle and scorpion in lower left field. Raised curtain in upper left field(?).

Type: Ennabli 15 (Raqqada)

Date: Second half of third century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: None found. For the scorpion and the turtle shell as Mercury’s attributes, see Palanques 1992, no. 387, pl. 11; Bussière 2000, no. 3522, pl. 97; for the occurrence in other media, see Spier 1992, p. 104, no. 253, p. 129, for the scorpion, and no. 254 for the turtle; LIMC 6.2 (all s.v. Mercurius), p. 281, no. 120; p. 283, no. 166; and p. 291, no. 289, for the scorpion; for the turtle, see p. 291, no. 289; and p. 304, no. 495.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

III.B.b.24 Ennabli (Raqqada) type 16

This type is not far from Ennabli type 14: a ridge surrounds both the discus and the nozzle top, leaving a channel between them. But the channel is much broader, and the tip of the nozzle is spade-shaped. Same dating as types 14–15.

485

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.233

Dimensions: L: 11.0 cm; W: 7.9 cm; H: 2.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 2.5YR6/8 light red, glaze 10R5/8 red.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Outward-sloping shoulder with ovolos with outward bases (barely visible on left side), separated from discus by a ridge marked off by two grooves; the ridge surrounds both discus and nozzle top, leaving a broad “strangled” channel between them. Central filling-hole. Air hole in lower field, facing channel. Short round-tipped nozzle surrounded by a raised edge. Slightly raised base-ring marked off by two circular grooves; central dotted circle.

Discus Iconography: Venatores fighting a bull: a central figure is seizing the bull by its horns; another man with his arm around the animal’s belly is trying to immobilize it; two further figures, one on each side, are falling down after being catapulted into the air by the animal; a fifth man at right is stepping back, about to fall.

Type: Ennabli 16 (Raqqada); Deneauve XII

Date: Second half of third century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: (Discus only) Deneauve 1969, no. 1132, pl. 102 (signed EXO INICI); Ennabli, Salomonson, and Mahjoubi 1973, no. 405, pl. 31, wrongly interpreted the decor as the punishment of Dirce; Bochum Museum, Schüller Collection, cat. no. 59, S 601 (Tunisia). For bullfights, see Bussière 2000, p. 189, decor II.d.9.(1), with several refs.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

486

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.322

Dimensions: L: 12.2 cm; W: 8.7 cm; H: 3.2 cm

Condition and Fabric: Thin cracks on discus, handle repaired. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, glaze mostly 5YR5/4 reddish brown, some darkened parts.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two blurred grooves on both upper and lower parts. Outward-sloping plain shoulder, separated from flat discus by a ridge marked off by two grooves; this ridge surrounds both discus and nozzle top, leaving a broad “strangled” channel between them. Central filling-hole. Air hole in lower field, facing channel. Short round-tipped nozzle surrounded by a raised edge and flanked by two side-volutes. Circular base marked off by one circular groove. Potter’s signature on four lines EXOF(-)/CV(-)/OV(-)RS/I(-).

Discus Iconography: Alexandrian landscape: temple with three columns and spherical roof between knotty trees; in front, two fishermen sitting on rocks facing each other, holding fishing rods; the left one, wearing a round hat, has caught a fish dangling at the end of a line.

Type: Ennabli 16 (Raqqada); Deneauve XII

Date: Second half of third century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: (Discus only) Menzel 1969, p. 59, no. 338, fig. 34.8 (type Bussière E I 1); Heres 1972, no. 112, pl. 15, from North Africa (type Bussière E I 1); Ennabli, Salomonson, and Mahjoubi 1973, no. 283, pl. 31.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

III.B.b.25 Atlante type VI (near)

The five following lamps—cats. 487–89 and 490–91—are molded in Terra Sigillata Africana (TSA) = African Red Slip (ARS) and can be related to Atlante types VI and VIII B. The passage from lamps of Loeschcke type VIII in TSA with a heart-shaped nozzle ( = Atlante form I) to the channeled so-called Christian lamps ( = Atlante forms VIII and X, or Hayes types I and II) is progressively achieved by three factors: the transformation of the initially circular discus into an oval shape, the elongation of the nozzle, and the increased width and length of the channel. Lamps of Ennabli types 1–7 from Raqqada show interesting stages of these evolutions, although achieved mostly on ordinary clay lamps rather than on the orange-red clay (TSA) of the so-called Christian lamps. Cat. 487 has no channel, and its shape is similar to an example without channel that Bonifay relates to type Atlante VI (Bonifay 2004a, no. 1, fig. 200, his type 41). The motif incised on the nozzle top of cat. 487 is reminiscent of heart-shaped nozzles. The shoulder has the same beveled form that Bonifay points out as characteristic of the type.

Cat. 488 has two parallels in Bonifay type 41, which he links to Atlante type VI: his lamp no. 2 (supposedly from El Djem) with the same discus decor, and his lamp no. 3 from El Djem with the same shoulder decor. Cats. 487 and 488 have exactly the same base as Bonifay’s two examples. Bonifay suggests a date for lamp no. 1 of his type 41 not later than the third century A.D. He is silent about the dates of his lamps nos. 2 and 3, but we suggest the fourth century, following Bailey’s dating of Q 1733 (Bailey BM III, pl. 17), a date accepted by Bonifay (Bonifay 2004a, p. 357).

487

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.282

Dimensions: L: 11.5 cm; W: 8.2 cm; H: 3.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR7/2 pinkish gray, glaze 10R6/6 light red.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Solid vertical conical handle. Flat plain shoulder, separated from discus by a ridge marked off by two deep grooves; three incised dots on ridge at foot of handle. Slightly concave discus. Two filling-holes of equal size on vertical axis of discus. Short tapering round-tipped nozzle flanked by two curved grooves; on flat nozzle top just above wick-hole, four curved lines and one short straight line, possibly suggesting a plant(?). Raised rounded base-ring.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Near Atlante VI; Bonifay 41 (lamp no. 1)

Date: Late third century A.D.(?)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: None found; (close, with striated shoulder) lamp no. 201, from central Tunisia, in J.-Cl. Rivel’s private collection (Bussière and Rivel 2012).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

488

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.321

Dimensions: L: 12.2 cm; W: 8.8 cm; H: 3.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 2.5YR 6/6 light red, slip 10R5/6 red. Some mica.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Round vertical solid handle with the beginning of three grooves on upper part. Shoulder with three leaves in relief on each side, separated from slightly concave discus by a ridge, which continues toward the round-tipped nozzle, surrounding it and forming a wide channel between discus and wick-hole. Small circle in middle of channel. Two equal-sized filling-holes at center height of discus right and left. Raised slightly convex base-ring with an additional inner ring. Potter’s incuse initials in cursive writing: IAR(?).

Discus Iconography: Frontal bust of Isis, head to right, wearing basileion.

Type: Near Atlante VI; Bonifay 41

Date: Fourth century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: Joly 1974, no. 866, pl. 35 (Sabratha); Bonifay 2004a, p. 355, no. 2, fig. 200, and no. 3 for the shoulder decor only (El Djem); Bussière 2007, no. C 32, pl. 3, same discus decor but different shoulder decor, and no. C 31, pl. 3, same shoulder decor but plain discus (Tiddis).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

489

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.280

Dimensions: L: 12.8 cm; W: 9.2 cm; H: 3.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: Chipped handle. Clay 2.5YR6/6 light red, glaze 2.5YR6/8 light red, stronger red shade.

Description: Moldmade. Solid unpierced handle. Slightly oval body. Flat shoulder with raised herringbone motif marked off by two grooves, separated from discus by a ridge surrounding both discus and nozzle and forming a wide channel linking discus to wick-hole area. Flat discus. Central filling-hole. Mark of unpierced air hole above it. Short round-tipped nozzle with a long wide channel. Raised flat base-ring with an additional inner thin ridge.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Near Atlante VI

Date: Fourth century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

III.B.b.26 Atlante type VIII B

Lamps of this type are characterized by their convex shoulders decorated with relief foliage scrolls. The type originated in central Tunisia, mainly in the workshop located at Henchir es-Srira, where plaster molds with shoulder-scroll decor have been found in numbers (Peacock, Bejaoui, and Ben Lazreg 1990, figs. 12e and 12m). According to Bonifay, lamps with a pierced handle are earlier (Bonifay 2004a, p. 358). At Nabeul they appear in contexts dated to the second half or the end of the fourth century A.D. Later examples with a solid handle appear in layers dated to the first half of the fifth century A.D.

490

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.315

Dimensions: L: 12.5 cm; W: 9.2 cm; H: 3.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR6/8 light red, slip same color.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Pierced conical handle with deep median groove from front to back. Slightly oval body. Convex shoulder with vine scroll and grapes, separated from discus by a ridge that surrounds both discus and nozzle top, leaving a long broad channel between them. Two filling-holes of equal size right and left of discus scene. Two semicircular grooves underneath nozzle. Raised base-ring with two narrow rings close to one another; the outer one continues into lower part of the handle.

Discus Iconography: Standing nude couple embracing: Bacchus or satyr and maenad; he holds a pedum, she holds a big palm branch. Groundline.

Type: Atlante VIII B; Bonifay 43

Date: Second half or end of fourth century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Bussière 2007, no. C 187, pl. 15. For a similar representation of a satyr and a maenad, see Bussière 2000, no. 3534, pl. 98 (Bussière type D X 5); Bussière 2007, no. C 1, pl. 1 (Bussière E VII).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

491

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.406

Dimensions: L: 12.6 cm; W: 8.8 cm; H: 3.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR6/4 light reddish brown, thin remains of glaze 10R6/6 light red.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Pierced ring handle with one groove on both parts. Biconvex body. Shoulder with anchor-shaped relief motif repeated five times on each side, separated from discus by a ridge, which surrounds both discus and nozzle top, leaving a long wide channel between them. Long nozzle with broad channel. Raised rounded base-ring connected to handle.

Discus Iconography: Erotic scene: at left, nude man to right astride supine nude woman on right part of bed.

Type: Atlante VIII B

Date: Second half or end of fourth century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

III.B.b.27 Atlante type X; Hayes type II

The so-called Christian lamps in Terra Sigillata Africana (TSA) have been classified by Hayes into two major types, I and II. He has distinguished two classes in his type II, according to geographic place of manufacture or origin. Subtype II A groups lamps from central Tunisia characterized by a fine clay, glossy light orange slip, and carefully executed decoration using a great number of neatly drawn shoulder motives. Subtype II B groups lamps from northern Tunisia characterized by a coarser clay, dull brick-red slip, and larger shoulder stamps of often blurred quality. Lamps of Hayes types I and II, initially produced in Tunisia only, were broadly exported, then imitated throughout the Roman Empire for three centuries; consequently, they are extremely numerous. Several typologies have been worked out, but so far none is totally satisfactory, for new series continue to be distinguished. The basic work is the classification given in Atlante I, pp. 200–204, by Anselmino and Pavolini. More recently, Bonifay has devised a chronological typology that attempts simultaneously to take into account the shape, the decor, and the fabric (Bonifay 2004a, p. 371; 2005, pp. 34–37). This new approach, which leads him to individualize five groups—C 1 to C 5—is worthy but may seem premature, for very few methodical excavations of pottery workshops or kilns have been conducted in Tunisia. A major English-Tunisian field survey carried out in the 1980s in a large part of the Sahel located several important potteries and collected many thousands of ceramic sherds. But, unfortunately, so far only a short preliminary report has been published (Peacock, Bejaoui, and Ben Lazreg 1990). It is highly probable that new series or even subtypes of lamps will appear when the ceramic collected is thoroughly studied. Mackensen’s superb field survey in El Mahrine has revealed several series of Hayes type I lamps that had been totally unknown up until then (Mackensen 1993).

In his classification, Bonifay rightly takes into account the choice and the display of the stamped motifs on the lamp shoulders, but so far no comprehensive repertory of these stamps exists. Bussière 2007 has published the most extensive catalogue to date of lamp stamps; a planned larger work was hindered by insufficient Tunisian cooperation: he was not allowed free access to unpublished collections. The stamps found on the Getty lamps will be identified according to Barbera and Petriaggi’s stamp repertory from the Museo Nazionale Romano (MNR), which lists them all except one (MNR, pls. 11–31, pp. 399–419; for the exception, see Bussière 2007, no. Y 17, pl. 141). From their catalogue we also borrow the dates they attribute to the MNR lamps, whenever possible. Most often the dates are established by the stamps, following the chronology elaborated by Hayes and reproduced in Atlante I (Hayes 1972; Atlante I, pls. 56–138).

All the Getty lamps except cat. 500 belong to Hayes type II A and to Bonifay’s group C 2, meaning that they presumably come from central Tunisia. Cat. 500, of Hayes type II B, derives from northern Tunisia. The discus decors of the Getty lamps have published parallels, except perhaps cat. 498 (geometric rosette) and cat. 494 (seven apostles’ heads; similar heads are known, but on shoulders only). Among the decors already known: cat. 492 Christ treading on the snake and the lion; cat. 493 apostle or martyr; cat. 495 Chi-Rho monogram; cat. 496 cross-monogram; cat. 497 dromedary; cat. 499 geometrical motif; and cat. 500 dog.

All the bases of the Getty lamps consist of a raised ring connected to the handle, forming a design that is sometimes called a patera. In the middle of the base are two thin concentric circles, except on cat. 500, which instead has a workshop mark already recorded: a stylized anchor or spearhead (see MNR, p. 152, base type II.3.2; or Rosenthal and Sivan 1978, p. 68, no. 279, on Hayes type I examples).

The Getty lamps of the types here considered all date to the fifth or sixth century A.D., with the exception of cat. 492.

492

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.267

Dimensions: L: 13.5 cm; W: 8.0 cm; H: 3.2 cm

Condition and Fabric: One filling-hole slightly chipped. Clay and slip 2.5YR5/4 to 2.4YR5/6 reddish brown to red.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Solid spikelike handle flattened on sides. Oval elongated body. Shoulder frame with circular stamps, alternating between Chi-Rho–pattern and cross-pattern (Répertoire, Dj9 and Dm5). Ridge encircles discus, continuing onto nozzle to form wide channel. Equal-sized filling-holes at right and left, a third one above. Long nozzle with broad channel. Raised rounded base-ring connected to handle; in the middle of the base area two thin concentric circles.

Discus Iconography: Christ with halo, in tunic, flanked by two flying angels, holds a staff topped by a cross; he treads on a snake and a lion; basilisk at left, dragon at right.

Type: Atlante X; Hayes II A

Date: Twentieth century

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Europe(?)

Parallels: Wulff 1909, no. 1249; Cardaillac 1922, fig. 150; DACL, fig. 6678.8; Ennabli 1976, no. 59, pl. 2; Kunst der Antike 9, no. 266; Kunst der Antike 14, no. 167; Rosenthal and Sivan 1978, nos. 293–94; Weitzmann 1979, p. 526, no. 471; Hayes 1980, cat. no. 555 (fake); Lyon-Caen and Hoff 1986, no. 48; MNR, p. 175, no. 133; Bussière 2000, no. 340, pl. 23; Arslan 2001, p. 52, inv. no. A. 1994.12.2; Herrmann and Van den Hoek 2003, p. 47, no. 35; Gorny and Mosch 2007a, p. 186, lot 508; Gorny and Mosch 2010, p. 188, lot 472.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

Discussion: Judging from the fresh-looking fabric (esp. the interior as seen through the wick-hole), the lamp is a fake; see identical lamp reported as a fake in Hayes 1980, cat. no. 555.

493

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.529

Dimensions: L: 19.5 cm; W: 11.7 cm; H: 4.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Crack on lower discus. Clay near 10R6/4 pale red, slip 10R6/6 light red.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Solid spikelike handle flattened on sides. Oval elongated body. Shoulder with alternating motifs: vases (Répertoire Oa12), concentric circles (Répertoire, Da19), and quatrefoils (Répertoire, Fa23). Ridge encircles discus, continuing onto nozzle to form wide channel. Equal-sized filling-holes at right and left. Long nozzle with broad channel. Raised rounded base-ring connected to handle; two thin concentric circles in middle of base.

Discus Iconography: Young man with ample hair wearing long-sleeved tunic and mantle is holding out a wreath: a martyr, Apostle, or Christ. Around him clockwise from his head: small dove, Eucharistic vase, branch with five leaves, bigger dove, small dove.

Type: Atlante X; Hayes II A

Date: Late fifth to early sixth century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Herrmann and Van den Hoek 2003, p. 58, no. 47, for the central character only (Atlante form XI A 1 a); for a similar theme, see Bussière 2007, no. C 416, pl. 28.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

494

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.276

Dimensions: L: 14.3 cm; W: 8.9 cm; H: 3.2 cm

Condition and Fabric: Thin crack across discus. Clay near 10R5/6 red, same color slip.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Solid spikelike handle flattened on sides. Oval elongated body. Shoulder stamps alternating between heart shapes (Répertoire, Jf1) and dented wheels (Répertoire, Wa7). Central filling-hole. Discus surrounded by ridge, continuing around nozzle to form broad channel. Raised rounded base-ring connected to handle; two thin concentric circles in the middle of the base.

Discus Iconography: Seven busts of seven different Apostles around the filling-hole (Répertoire, Ta).

Type: Atlante X; Hayes II A

Date: Fifth to sixth century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: None found. For twelve similar apostle heads on shoulders, see Rossi 1870, pl. 1.1; DACL 8.1, fig. 6683; DACL 15.2, fig. 11123; Graziani Abbiani 1969, no. 264; Ennabli 1976, no. 906; Lyon-Caen and Hoff 1986, no. 100; Bailey BM III, Q 1777; Paleani 1993, no. 71; Trost and Hellmann 1996, no. 144; Mackensen 1998, no. 155; Bussière 2007, no. 1043, pl. 67; Gorny and Mosch 2007b, pp. 184–85, lot 509.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

495

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.269

Dimensions: L: 14.4 cm; W: 8.8 cm; H: 3.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Burn marks on the nozzle. Clay near 5YR6/6 reddish yellow, slip 10R5/6 red.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Solid spikelike handle flattened on sides. Oval elongated body. Shoulder with alternating concentric circles and beaded triangles (Répertoire, Da19 and Cg42). One filling-hole on each side of discus. Discus surrounded by ridge, continuing around nozzle to form broad channel. Burn marks on nozzle. Base marked off by a ridge from which another ridge extends to the handle; two thin concentric circles in the middle of the base.

Discus Iconography: Beaded Chi-Rho monogram; small palmette under it (Répertoire, La5).

Type: Atlante X; Hayes II A

Date: Mid-fifth to mid-sixth century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: (For the Chi-Rho monogram only) Menzel 1969, p. 92, no. 606, fig. 77.11; Graziani Abbiani 1969, no. 33; Ennabli 1976, nos. 858 and 861, pl. 47; Fulford and Peacock 1984, no. 10, pl. 2; Bailey BM III, Q 1753 and Q 1754, pl. 19; MNR, motif 209, pl. 17, and p. 375 (with further refs.); Bussière 2007, pl. 58, nos. C 813, C 820–C 824.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Sofroniew 2015, p. 127, fig. 65.

496

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.270

Dimensions: L: 14.9 cm; W: 8.8 cm; H: 3.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Very thin crack on upper discus. Burn mark under nozzle. Clay 10R6/4 pale red, slip 10R6/6 light red.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Solid spikelike handle flattened on sides. Oval elongated body. Shoulder: alternating stamps from gold coins (solidi) commemorating Theodosius II’s vicennalia, obverse and reverse (Répertoire, Za1, 2); next to nozzle channel, rectangular stamp with lozenge and triangles (Bussière 2007, no. Y 14, pl. 141). Two symmetrically placed filling-holes. Discus surrounded by ridge, continuing around nozzle to form broad channel. Raised rounded base-ring connected to handle; two thin concentric circles in the middle of the base.

Discus Iconography: Bejeweled cross-monogram.

Type: Atlante X; Hayes II A

Date: Ca. A.D. 422–500 (Bailey BM III); second quarter of sixth century A.D. (MNR)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: (Identical) Graziani Abbiani 1969, no. 225; Guéry 1970, p. 273, fig. 10; Ennabli 1976, no. 952, pl. 52; Mackensen 1980, no. 3, pl. 19; Bailey 1985, no. 584, pl. 16; Wilson 1996, p. 97, no. 95, fig. 29, and Wilson 2002, p. 28, fig. 13 (Campanaio, Sicily); Bussière 2007, nos. 914 and 921, pl. 60 (Algeria); (different) MNR, p. 201, no. 161, and p. 377, motif 219.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

Discussion: The rim motif reproducing a Theodosian solidus minted to commemorate the emperor’s vicennalia (A.D. 422) has often been interpreted as a terminus post quem. But the discus decor of a monogrammed cross does not seem to appear before the end of the fifth century A.D. (Barbera and Petriaggi 1993, p. 377, n. 1; Bonifay 2004a, p. 382).

497

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.274

Dimensions: L: 14.5 cm; W: 8.4 cm; H: 3.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Restored from several frr., infill, some overpaint. Clay near 2.5YR6/6 light red, slip 10R5/6 red.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Solid spikelike handle flattened on sides. Oval elongated body. Shoulder: stamps alternating between beaded triangles and concentric circles (Répertoire, Cg42 and Da20); stamps next to nozzle are half Répertoire, Da20. Two equal-sized filling-holes, at upper right and left. Discus surrounded by ridge, continuing around nozzle to form broad channel. Raised rounded base-ring connected to handle; two thin concentric circles in middle of base.

Discus Iconography: Dromedary with saddlebag walking to right, toward handle.

Type: Atlante X; Hayes II A

Date: Mid-fifth to mid-sixth century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: (Close) Cardaillac 1922, p. 122, fig. 165 (Tunisia); Ennabli 1976, no. 422, pl. 22; Mackensen 1998, no. 155; Gorny and Mosch 2007b, pp. 184–85, lot 509 with a different shoulder decor: busts of twelve apostles.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

498

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.271

Dimensions: L: 13.9 cm; W: 8.3 cm; H: 3.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 2.5YR6/8 light red, slip 2.5YR6/8–5/8 light red to red.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Solid spikelike handle flattened on sides. Oval elongated body. Shoulder: on each side, eight stamps of striated circles (Répertoire, Df14); arrowhead stamps next to nozzle (Répertoire, Ka5). Discus surrounded by a thin ridge. Central filling-hole. Discus surrounded by ridge, continuing around nozzle to form broad channel. Raised rounded base-ring connected to handle; two thin concentric circles in middle of base.

Discus Iconography: Six-pointed star consisting of six striated triangles; between each point another triangle with six small circles; at entrance to channel another arrowhead stamp.

Type: Atlante X; Hayes II A

Date: Fifth century A.D.(?)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

499

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.391.1

Dimensions: L: 13.7 cm; W: 8.2 cm; H: 5.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Central part of discus missing; nozzle broken off and reattached, nozzle tip restored. Clay near 2.5YR6/6 light red, slip 10R5/6 red.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Solid spikelike handle flattened on sides. Oval elongated body. Left shoulder: three stamps of concentric circles (Répertoire, Da20) alternating with three stamps of quatrefoils (Répertoire, Fa4); nearest nozzle, a stamp with the face of Orpheus (Répertoire, Tc1); right shoulder: four stamps Répertoire, Da20, alternating with three stamps Répertoire, Fa4. Central filling-hole. Discus surrounded by a ridge, continuing around nozzle to form broad channel. Raised rounded base-ring connected to handle; two thin concentric circles, possibly blurred potter’s mark in slight relief, in the middle of the base.

Discus Iconography: Octagonal star-shaped design decorated with frame of dots; interior with double lozenges, each with a small inner circle.

Type: Atlante X; Hayes II A

Date: Second half of fifth century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: None given by donor, but undoubtedly African (Tunisia)

Parallels: For the stamp motif, see Derksen 1975, pp. 41–42, figs. 110–13; for the discus motif, see Bussière 2007, nos. C 1070–C 1071, pl. 68.

Provenance: – 1983, Robert L. Lawson, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

500

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.552

Dimensions: L: 14.5 cm; W: 9.2 cm; H: 3.2 cm

Condition and Fabric: Thin crack on discus; ornament handle broken off; part of shoulder decor smudged. Clay and slip 10R5/8 red.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Oval elongated body. Shoulder: alternating floral S’s (Répertoire, Nf1), concentric circles (Répertoire, Da19), and quatrefoils (Répertoire, Fa18). Filling-hole on each side of discus, which is surrounded by a ridge, continuing around nozzle to form broad channel. Long nozzle with broad channel; heavy burn marks on nozzle and right side. Raised rounded base-ring connected to handle. Incised workshop mark in center of base: vertical arrow.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Furry dog with neck collar to right, facing handle.

Type: Atlante X; Hayes II B

Date: Second half of fifth century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Unknown, but presumably Tunisia

Parallels: Ennabli 1976, no. 453, pl. 24, with a different shoulder frame and spikelike handle; Bussière 2007, nos. 545–46, pl. 41, same discus, different shoulder frame.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

Discussion: The same discus motif has elsewhere been interpreted as a sheep (Ennabli 1976, no. 453).

III.B.b.28 Atlante type X, variants with funnel handle and one or two nozzles

We have not found any parallel to cat. 501, the variant with one nozzle. The herringbone decor on its shoulder relates it to Hayes type I. The variant with two nozzles, cat. 502, corresponds to Bonifay type 75. Not much is known about it. For similar but larger lamps corresponding to Bonifay type 78, see Ennabli 1976, nos. 537, 743, 867, 997, and 1192. For the workshop mark in the shape of a palm branch, see Bussière 2007, p. 80, on lamps of Hayes type I. The date given for cat. 502—end of fifth to beginning of sixth century A.D.(?)—is borrowed from Bonifay 2004a.

501

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.411

Dimensions: L: 14.5 cm; W: 9.2 cm; H: 3.2 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR6/4 light brown, slip 10R6/6 light red.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Funnel-shaped handle. Oval elongated body. Convex shoulder with relief branch to which are attached eight fruits on each side, evenly distributed; ridge separating shoulder from discus and surrounding both discus and nozzle, leaving a straight channel. A hollow cylinder or socket runs through the center of the lamp. Its function was probably to affix the lamp to a stand. The funnel-shaped handle allowed oil to be poured into the lamp. Long nozzle with broad channel. Raised rounded base-ring connected to handle; half a branch incised on upper part of base.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Rosette of eight petals surrounded by two raised rings.

Type: Atlante X (variant with funnel handle and one nozzle)

Date: Early fifth century A.D.(?)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor, possibly an exported African lamp(?)

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

502

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.275

Dimensions: L: 10.8 cm; W: (at shoulders) 7.5 cm, (at nozzles) 9.0 cm; H: 3.4 cm, (with spout) 6.0 cm

Condition and Fabric: Hole on upper left part of shoulder. Clay 2.5YR6/6 light red, slip 2.5YR6/6–5/6 light red to red.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Funnel-shaped handle, with some repair on back. Body: its shape differs from the oval shape of Hayes type II by its two angular sides on upper part of a squarish vessel. Raised edge surrounding entire top of lamp, including both nozzles; the phrase “shoulder” is not appropriate here as on Hayes type II lamps. Square flat discus communicating with both wick-hole areas by two wide channels. Central hole acts as air hole; the funnel-shaped handle serves as filling-hole. Two nozzles, each with a long broad channel and burn marks. Raised rounded base-ring connected to handle and to two angular sides of the lamp by ridges; vertical incised palm branch on base.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Sheep to right; herringbone-pattern on each side of the discus; below the sheep, close to the nozzles, five small incised circles; a sixth circle is above the sheep.

Type: Atlante X variant with funnel handle and two nozzles; Bonifay 75

Date: Late fifth to early sixth century A.D.(?) (Bonifay)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: None found. For the shape only, see Ennabli 1976, no. 867, pl. 47, and no. 1192, pl. 63.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

III.B.b.29 Atlante type XI

This type differs from Atlante type X only by the flukes on each side of the channeled nozzle, perhaps a reminiscence of volutes. The type has two variants: in XI A (cat. 503) the open discus is connected to the wick-hole area by a channel, while in XI B (cat. 504) the discus is closed and surrounded by a continuous shoulder-frame. The rarity of the discus decor of cat. 504 is worth pointing out. A central Tunisian place of manufacture or origin can be assumed for both lamps. Date: second half of fifth century A.D.

503

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.268

Dimensions: L: 12.0 cm; W: 7.9 cm; H: 3.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Handle, base-ring, and left side of nozzle slightly chipped; crack in right side of basin along joint and on base. Clay and slip 2.5YR5/6 red.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Solid spikelike handle flattened on sides. Oval elongated body. Shoulder: alternating stamps of beaded squares and concentric circles (Répertoire, Af5 and Da20). Discus surrounded by ridge, continuing around nozzle to form broad channel. Long nozzle with broad channel flanked on each side by pseudovolutes. Raised rounded base-ring connected by ridges to handle and to upper part of pseudovolute.

Discus Iconography: Four beaded horseshoe motifs arranged in cross-form (Répertoire, Hb18); the motif applied at right detached itself from the prototype before firing: an interesting evidence of the appliqué technique used in making Hayes type II lamp molds.

Type: Atlante XI A; Hayes II A

Date: Second half of fifth century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

504

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.317

Dimensions: L: 14.1 cm; W: 8.2 cm; H: 3.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Discus restored from several frr.; infill and overpaint. Clay near 5YR6/4 light reddish brown, slip 10R5/6 red.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Solid spikelike handle flattened on sides. Circular basin with long protruding volute-nozzle. Continuous shoulder-frame encircling discus, separating it from nozzle channel; on the shoulder, a row of beaded intertwined elongated S-shaped motifs (MNR, motif 48). Two equal-sized filling-holes on discus, which is surrounded by a ridge. Long nozzle with broad channel flanked on each side by volutes. Raised rounded base-ring connected to handle and to volutes by ridges.

Discus Iconography: At right, a kneeling Christian worshipper raising his arms as in worship of a Christogram (retrograde rho) in the upper left field.

Type: Atlante XI B; Hayes II A

Date: Second half of fifth century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: None found. For some resemblance in the worshipper’s pose, see Mardešić 1994, no. 12.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

III.B.b.30 Atlante type XIII

The production of this type is limited to Tripolitania, but the products were exported to a relatively wide area: Tunisia, Italy, Sicily, Spain, and Malta. A few examples are known in Greece, Egypt, and Turkey. (See refs. given in Atlante I, pp. 204–5.) The study of the type presented in Atlante distinguishes three forms: in form XIII the discus is delimited by a circular ridge; in XV the ridge around the discus prolongs itself in a channel that enables the open discus to communicate with the wick-hole; form XIV is a combination of XIII and XV. The clay and slip are usually red or near brown. The wide shoulder is always flat and decorated with vegetal or geometrical motifs, the latter usually being raised circles decorated with one or several beads in a row. The vertical handle is solid and slightly inclined backward. Date: fourth to fifth century A.D.

505

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.281

Dimensions: L: 12.2 cm; W: 8.3 cm; H: 3.1 cm

Condition and Fabric: Slightly chipped handle and discus ring. Burn marks on nozzle. Clay and slip 2.5YR6/6 light red.

Description: Moldmade. Solid flattened handle sloping backward. Rounded body with tapering nozzle. Broad flat shoulder edged by a thin slightly raised ridge; on each side of the handle is a big ring decorated with one central globule and a circular row of eleven similar globules; another slightly smaller ring, with a row of ten globules, is in front of the wick-hole. Flat discus surrounded by a raised ring. Central filling-hole. Tapering rather short round-tipped nozzle. Slightly sunken undefined base.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Atlante XIII; Bonifay 82 (both are also called Tripolitan)

Date: Fourth to fifth century A.D. (MNR); several frr. of the type found in Nabeul in a context dated to the second quarter of the fifth century (Bonifay 2004a)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: La Lomia 1971, nos. 768ff., pl. 5; Joly 1974, nos. 969 and 971–73; Bonifay et al. 2002–3, no. 102, fig. 9; (close) MNR, p. 334, no. 292, with a channel; Trost and Hellmann 1996, nos. 177–78, pl. 24; Bémont and Chew 2007, pp. 341–42, 509, pl. 84, AF 62.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

III.B.b.31 Atlante type XVI

The characteristics of this wheelmade lamp are its unusual form: a bowl superimposed by a smaller cone-shaped dome tapering up into a funnel-shaped collar of variable height or form. Around the junction of these two distinct parts is a deep gutter pierced by the wick-hole. Among several hundred Algerian examples, Bussière has distinguished five subtypes or variants, E VI 1–E VI 5. Most of the known lamps are made of common ceramic like cat. 507, but there are several examples made in TSA, too, for instance, cat. 506, hence their presence in Atlante I recorded as type XVI (pp. 205–6). Actually, cat. 507 was purchased in Asia Minor, but we present it together with its North African counterpart.

For a long time these lamps have been considered to be Vandal. Stratigraphic contexts elaborated during the international Carthage excavations confirm their production from the second half of the fifth century into the sixth, and even later (Carthage I, p. 57, fig. 4, no. 75; Carthage II, nos. 62–65, pl. 8, p. 235, fig. 4, no. 67, pp. 236–37, nos. 62–66; Carthage IV, p. 48, fig. 10, no. 6 [in a seventh-century layer], p. 92, fig. 30, no. G 47, pl. 8, type similar to Deposit XXII.6; Fulford and Peacock 1984, p. 240, nos. 1–3, fig. 91; Anselmino 1982, p. 162, nos. 14 and 15, inv. nos. 176B147 and III 76A411 in the Italian Mission material). In Algeria, where a considerable number of these lamps has been found, Leschi dates examples from his excavation of a Christian basilica to the sixth century and later (Leschi 1957, pp. 95–96). The type is found in North Africa only: Algeria, Tunisia, and Libya. It is possible that the type may have derived from a wheelmade model broadly diffused in the Syro-Palestinian area from the third century A.D. (Orssaud and Sodini 1997). Has the African shape in its turn influenced some Islamic lamps (Bailey 1985, no. 171, and no. 1235, pl. 37, Sidi Khrebish) and through them the later Palestinian series? The question is open. See, for instance, the Palestinian lamp (cat. 548), dated seventh to eighth century A.D.

506

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.392

Dimensions: Diam: 10.3 cm; H: 5.1 cm

Condition and Fabric: Shoulder and base-ring chipped. Clay 10R6/6 light red, slip 2.5YR6/8 light red (the common color of TSA).

Description: Wheelmade. Body: lamp composed of two parts, a round bowl with flaring sides, and a conical top ending in a short funnel neck with a large opening (filling-hole) terminating in an outward-sloping rim. Gutter at junction of bowl and top; small circular wick-hole in it. Raised narrow base-ring.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Atlante XVI; Bussière form E VI 2

Date: Mid-fifth to sixth century A.D. (possibly later)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: Delattre 1889, p. 158; Cardaillac 1890, p. 321, fig. 86; Alaoui I, no. 50, pl. 36; Brants 1913, no. 1180; Joly 1974, no. 1336, pl. 58; Hayes 1976, p. 123, deposit VII. 75; Bussière 2000, nos. 6548–49, pl. 134, and no. 6700, pl. 135.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

507

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.328

Dimensions: Diam: 8.5 cm; H: 3.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: A few thin cracks on upper part of lamp. Burn marks on rim near wick-hole. Clay near 5YR6/4 light reddish brown, slip 10YR8/3 very pale brown.

Description: Wheelmade. Body: same shape as cat. 506, but without upper raised cone, and no foot. Flat circular base.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Atlante XVI; Bussière form E VI 2

Date: Mid-fifth to sixth century A.D. (possibly later)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: None found; (close) Bonifay 2004a, p. 428, fig. 241, lamp no. 7 (Oudhna, Bonifay type 83 B); Fellmann 1975, fig. 3.7 (Palmyra).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

III.C.b.32 Frog lamps

This type seems to have been produced exclusively in Egypt. For a long time its chronology and production centers remained very uncertain, and most authors would not assign the beginning of the production earlier than the third century A.D. Cahn-Klaiber, for her part, would date an early example from the late first century B.C. to the first century A.D. (Cahn-Klaiber 1977, lamp no. 123) and the earlier examples of her variants a and b to the second half of the first century A.D. (Cahn-Klaiber 1977, p. 164). Since excavations in the 1980s at the Roman fort at Mons Claudianus, in the Eastern Desert of Egypt, we know that the type was in production at the beginning of the second century A.D. It probably continued into the third and fourth centuries (Bailey BM III, n. to pp. 226–29; Bailey 1991; Knowles 2006).

The various existing main classifications (Petrie 1905, Bernhard 1955, Michelucci 1975, Cahn-Klaiber 1977, and Shier 1978) are worked out more on morphological and decor criteria than on the scarce archaeological data. Michelucci, for example, distinguishes three major variants: in the first and oldest, the cylindrical elongated bow-shaped nozzle shows the affiliation of the type with Hellenistic models; in the second, the lamp body has a pronounced oval shape, and the frog on the upper part is rendered in a realistic way; in the third, the oval body is more pointed near the nozzle, and the treatment of the frog is much stylized, sometimes disintegrated to a point of no longer being recognizable. Under the generic term of “frog lamps,” authors have also indiscriminately classified examples whose decors may have no connection with a frog, such as ovolos, petals, monkeys, dogs, human embryos, heads of humans or of divinities (e.g., Bes), theater masks, ears of grain, and other images.

The bases of frog lamps are generally flat and may bear various potter’s marks. Among the most common: irregularly placed incuse notches, sometimes in the shape of the letter alpha.

The period of production of frog lamps appears to be long. Bailey mentions later variants of the fifth, sixth, and seventh centuries A.D. (Bailey BM III, pp. 227–28).

508

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.312

Dimensions: L: 8.2 cm; W: 7.5 cm; H: 3.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR6/3 pale brown, same color slip; partly burned.

Description: Moldmade. Biconvex body. The top has a small concave discus marked off by one groove and pierced by the central filling-hole; the left and right sides of the wide surrounding area are decorated with symmetrical ears-of-grain patterns represented by parallel lines for beard and by cross-grooves, creating small relief squares for the grains. Short rounded nozzle hardly detached from the lamp body; the nozzle top has a vertical branch-pattern with two short grooves and a dot on each side. Poorly defined base with five oval notches around central dot.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Frog lamp. Petrie’s group E frog and corn

Date: Between end of second and fourth centuries A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: (Close) Petrie 1905, no. 96, pl. 64, and no. 12, pl. 66; Shier 1978, no. 95, A 5.1, pl. 3; (close) Fraiegari 2008, p. 165, no. 85.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

509

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.456

Dimensions: L: 9.0 cm; W: 7.6 cm; H: 5.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Burn marks on bottom. Clay and slip 7.5YR6/2 pinkish gray.

Description: Moldmade. Biconvex lamp; pear-shaped deep body with sloping sides. Filling-hole in open mouth of Bes. Round-tipped nozzle, not distinctly set off from basin, separated from top by a curved groove. Poorly defined base.

Discus Iconography: Male face with knit eyebrows, flat nose, and moustache: Bes with an angry expression.

Type: Frog lamp

Date: Third to fourth century A.D.(?)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Syria

Parallels: None exact, but the following examples show different faces on lamps of similar type: Szentléleky 1969, no. 212; Rosenthal and Sivan 1978, p. 61, no. 248; Bailey BM III, Q 2127, pl. 47, and Q 2162, pl. 49; Mlasowsky 1993, p. 381, no. 369; Djuric 1995, p. 37, no. C 96.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

III.C.b.33 Jug lamp

Little is known about these curious lighting devices in the shape of a jug. Most of the few published ones come from Egypt, as is the case with cat. 510. The BM donor of lamp Q 532, excavated at Tell el-Fara’in (ancient Bouto), Egypt, specified that this type of lamp is “very common in and around Alexandria” (Bailey BM I, p. 250). Bailey wonders if these juglike vessels might not simply be fillers for pouring liquid, but adds that at least Q 530 has been used as a lamp, for there are burn marks around the spout. The substantial burn marks all around the wick-hole on cat. 510 confirm that such vessels could be used for lighting.

510

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.523

Dimensions: L: 6.0 cm; W: 5.4 cm; H: 5.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Coarse clay 2.5YR5/4 reddish brown, glaze 10R5/4 weak red. One tiny speck of gold mica.

Description: Wheelmade. Miniature lamp. Rounded globular body tapering upward to neck with a splayed rim. Ring handle with deep median groove. On one side, extending nearly the entire height of the vessel, is a broad scooplike hand-modeled attachment; fire-blackened wick-hole at bottom, six smaller holes above. Flat raised circular base.

Type: Jug lamp

Date: Probably third century B.C. (Bailey)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Egypt

Parallels: Petrie 1905, nos. 67–68, pl. 69; Szentléleky 1969, no. 257; Bailey BM I, Q 530–Q 532, pl. 106; Michelucci 1975, pp. 25–26, nos. 34–35, pls. 3 and 29; Cahn-Klaiber 1977, p. 134, no. 79, pl. 4; Gualandi Genito 1977, no. 97, pl. 7; Shier 1978, no. A 3.1, pl. 1; Hayes 1980, p. 12, no. 43, pl. 5; Mlasowsky 1993, p. 25, no. 15.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

III.C.b.34 “Daroma,” or southern Judean, lamp

Derived from the wheelmade “Herodian lamp type,” in favor during Herod’s reign, this new type evolved some time in the first century A.D. The “Daroma” lamp introduced into the local Palestinian lamp production a new technique already common elsewhere in the Roman world: the molding process. Contrary to the Herodian model, the shoulder of this new type, instead of being plain, is now decorated with geometric and floral motifs, sometimes with Jewish symbols. It always has a small handle, pierced or not. The nozzle is flanked by half-volutes strongly encroaching on the shoulder. Because most examples have been found in southern Judea, Sussman 1972 has proposed calling them “Daroma” or “southern” Judean lamps. They correspond to Kennedy type 7 and Da Costa type 5. Date: end of first to second century A.D.(?).

511

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.257

Dimensions: L: 8.7 cm; W: 5.8 cm; H: 2.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay and glaze 5YR6/6–5/6 reddish yellow to yellowish red.

Description: Moldmade. Small solid conical handle. Biconvex body. Outward-sloping continuous shoulder with fourteen large globules and a small upside-down vessel filled with fruit or berries facing the wick-hole; shoulder demarcated by an outer narrow ridge and a raised ring surrounding a large lipped filling-hole. Nearly triangular nozzle with curved end flanked by two volutes linked by two slightly curved ridges above wick-hole; underside marked by a V-shaped relief line joining upper ends of volutes. Flat slightly raised circular base.

Type: “Daroma” lamp; Kennedy 7; Da Costa 5

Date: Late first to second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: (Close) Baur 1947, no. 44 (Dura Europos); Crowfoot 1957, p. 368, no. 3, fig. 86, and p. 372, no. 3, fig. 88 (Samaria/Sebaste); Kennedy 1963, nos. 516 and 518, pl. 23 (Palestine); Sussman 1972, no. 5; Fellmann 1975, nos. 2–6, fig. 1, pl. 3 (Palmyra); Michalowski 1977, p. 173, no. 113, and p. 174, nos. 114–21 (Palmyra); Rosenthal and Sivan 1978, p. 83, nos. 335–40, and p. 84, nos. 343–45 (from Palestine); Adler 2004, pp. 33–58, section 3.3, Daroma lamps, pp. 59–63, section 3.4, nos. 353–84, lamps from Jerash (near).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

III.C.b.35 Syro-Palestinian lamp related to Loeschcke type II

The few parallels found for cat. 512 are: Djuric 1995, nos. C 167–C 168 and C 174 (the Anawati collection); Rey-Coquais 1964, nos. 21–22, especially no. 22, pl. 7, whose only difference with cat. 512 is a plain shoulder; and Bailey BM III, Q 2297, pl. 57, very close, except for its decor of one small rosette on each side of the shoulder. Those three publications give little information about this unrecorded type. Its circular discus and angular nozzle evoke Loeschcke type II, but one must remember that angular nozzles have been popular on different types of lamps from various periods and geographical areas (e.g., the revival of this shape in Tunisia in Severan times: see introduction to cats. 463–71). The near parallels found are all from the Levant, Lebanon, and Syria and point to a Near Eastern place of manufacture or origin for cat. 512 whose place of manufacture or origin is not given by Schüller. We give this lamp the date suggested by Bailey for Q 2297: Neronian to Trajanic.

512

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.553

Dimensions: L: 8.6 cm; W: 6.2 cm; H: 2.4 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR7/6 reddish yellow, slip 2.5YR6/6 light red.

Description: Moldmade. Biconvex shallow body. Large inward-sloping raised ring separating shoulder from slightly concave discus; three relief motifs impressed on the upper part of the wide shoulder: two dolphins separated by a rosette. Central filling-hole. The broad triangular-tipped nozzle has a flat-topped area with beveled sides, ending in two small volutes close to discus ring. Two concentric raised base-rings.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Type not recorded, near Loeschcke II

Date: Neronian to Trajanic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Unknown

Parallels: None found; (close) Bailey BM III, Q 2297, pl. 57, with two rosettes on shoulder and planta pedis (from the Levant); Djuric 1995, nos. C 167–C 168 and C 174; Rey-Coquais 1964, nos. 21–22, pl. 7 (all from Lebanon and Syria); form related to Zanoni et al. 1996, p. 331, figs. 903 and 928, “nabatäische Lampe,” Negev type 1a, no. 7; or to Grawehr type E.3 = Negev type 1c, dated first century A.D.; see Grawehr 2006, nos. 154–59 (Petra) and fig. 17.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

III.C.b.36 Lamp with horseshoe discus and angular nozzle

No parallel has been found to this peculiar shape of lamp. The color of its clay and slip, the depth of its basin, and the small impressed circles on shoulder and base all attest to an eastern Mediterranean place of manufacture or origin of this lamp, which was purchased in Anatolia (see Loeschcke type VIII. Introduction, before cat. 278). The date proposed for the lamp is based on its handle and nozzle shape: first to second century A.D.(?).

513

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.127

Dimensions: L: 9.1 cm; W: 6.5 cm; H: 2.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 2.5YR6/6 light red, slip 2.5YR5/8 red.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part. Deep horseshoe-shaped body. Outward-sloping shoulder with a row of small incised circles, separated from discus by a ridge marked off by two grooves. Flat-bottomed discus with sloping sides. Central filling-hole. Long triangular nozzle, well detached from the lamp body, flanked, on its top part, by two volutes with a row of the same small circles as on shoulder. Flat base with two semicircular depressions, each flanked by two small stamped circles. Plain planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Type not recorded

Date: First to second century A.D.(?)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

III.C.b.37 Lamp with heart-shaped discus and angular nozzle

The closest parallel found to this rare shape is a lamp from the Athenian Agora, which has sharper nozzle angles and an ornament handle (Perlzweig 1961, no. 90, pl. 4). The color of clay and slip of cat. 514, the depth of its basin, the small circles impressed on the shoulder near the handle and on the nozzle, and the planta pedis on its base with three small circles, attest to the eastern place of manufacture or origin of this item purchased in Asia Minor (see Loeschcke type VIII. Introduction, before cat. 278). Perlzweig dates the Athenian Agora lamp no. 90 to the mid-first century A.D. The sharpness of its nozzle angles and its ornament handle point to an earlier date than we propose for cat. 514: end of the first century A.D. or later.

514

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.251

Dimensions: L: 9.6 cm; W: 6.0 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR7/4 pink, glaze 5YR5/6 yellowish red.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part and one on lower. Pear-shaped deep body. Plain rounded shoulder, separated from discus by two ridges, sloping toward discus; the inner ridge borders a heart-shaped plain discus, as does the outer one, which also continues to the pointed sides of the triangular nozzle; small circles on shoulder at each side of handle. In the curved top edge of discus are two smaller circles within a heart-shaped pattern. Central filling-hole. One more similar circle is on each pointed side of the nozzle. Base marked off by one tear-shaped groove; one small circle at its pointed end. Two more small circles on the wall of the basin, flanking the wider part of the base. Plain planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Type not recorded

Date: Late first to second century A.D.(?)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: (Approximate) Brants 1913, no. 502, pl. 4, with a heart-shaped nozzle (Asia Minor); (close) Perlzweig 1961, no. 90, pl. 4, with sharper nozzle angles and an ornament handle (Athenian Agora); Baur 1947, p. 293, no. 670 (Dura Europos); Böttger 2002, no. 27, pl. 2 (Kerameikos, Athens). See also for some type relation, but without a heart-shaped discus: Farka 1977, no. 1459, pl. 57; Djuric 1995, p. 67, no. C 202.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

III.C.b.38 Loeschcke type V, or Deneauve type V F, eastern elongated variant

Haken 1958 (p. 61, no. 59, pl. 7) classifies a lamp of a form close to cats. 515–17 within Loeschcke type V. Bailey BM III (Q 1950–Q 1951, pl. 36, from Egypt, and Q 3024–Q 3025, pl. 99, from Ephesus) records four lamps of a similar form as an “elongated variant of Loeschcke type V”; indeed, those lamps no longer have the canonical characteristics of Loeschcke type V, that is, shoulder-volutes and a closed circular discus. While having a similar general shape, the three Getty lamps show some slight differences with the BM examples: cat. 515 has a circular and not tear-shaped discus; cats. 516–17 have a much broader channel connecting the discus to the nozzle; the two small volutes, still present on cats. 515–16, have disappeared on cat. 517, replaced by two small circles and two parallel grooves.

Apart from the BM examples and Haken’s lamp 59 from Smyrna, other close forms can be related to the three Getty lamps: Hayes 1980 (no. 475), and Waldhauer 1914 (no. 257), both from Egypt (like BM Q 1950–Q 1951); Menzel 1969 (no. 260, from Miletus); Heimerl 2001 (nos. 220–21, pl. 6, from Pergamon); Perlzweig 1961 (no. 159, from the Athenian Agora); Bochum Museum, Schüller Collection, cat. no. 515. All these comparanda come from the eastern Mediterranean, as is the case with the three Getty lamps. This is confirmed by the presence of two or three small impressed circles at the foot of the handle of cat. 516 and on the shoulder on each side of the handle and nozzle of cat. 517, which bears a planta pedis (see Loeschcke type VIII. Introduction, before cat. 278). Haken thinks that lamps with the characteristic shape here discussed are not Italian products, but Greek ones from the eastern part of the empire (Haken 1958, p. 61). However, another variant of Loeschcke type V should be mentioned here: Deneauve type V F, an Italian form developed during the second half of the first century and present in Herculaneum, Pompeii, and Africa (Bussière 2000, p. 25, form C V 1, fig. 7, described p. 82). It certainly also has some affinity with the variant here discussed.

The chronology for the three Getty lamps is not easy to determine. Haken dates his lamp 59 to the second quarter of the first century A.D., which seems too early; Bailey dates his lamps Q 3024–Q 3025 to Flavian–Trajanic; Perlzweig, lamp no. 159, to the first half of the second century A.D.; Bailey, lamps Q 1950–Q 1951, to the second half of the second century into the third century; and Hayes, lamp no. 475, with its cross-monogram, to A.D. 350–450. We suggest the second century A.D. for cats. 515–16 and a later date—second or third century A.D.—for cat. 517, which no longer has any volutes.

515

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.148

Dimensions: L: 11.8 cm; W: 7.0 cm; H: 3.0 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR7/4 pink, faint traces of glaze 5YR6/6 reddish yellow, with a few darker spots.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part, one on lower. Pear-shaped elongated deep body. Outward-sloping shoulder with a row of impressed circles containing an X with additional crossbar; two parallel ridges separate shoulder from discus and continue to nozzle, where they end in a volute. Very narrow channel with curved sides connecting discus to wick-hole area. Sunken discus. Central filling-hole. Small unpierced air hole on top of channel. Small rounded nozzle with burn marks. Flat base-ring marked off by two circular grooves.

Discus Iconography: Six-petaled rosette surrounded by three rings; outermost ring has a herringbone-pattern.

Type: Eastern elongated variant of Loeschcke V, or Deneauve V F

Date: First half of second century(?)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: None found. For a related form: Bailey BM III, Q 3024–Q 3025, pl. 99 (Ephesus); Heimerl 2001, no. 220, pl. 6 (Pergamon); Bochum Museum, Schüller Collection, cat. no. 257, S 877 (Anatolia) (with planta pedis).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

516

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.298

Dimensions: L: 11.6 cm; W: 6.2 cm; H: 2.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Big chip on left nozzle underside. Burn marks on nozzle. Clay 2.5YR6/6 light red, glaze 10R6/6–5/6 light red to red.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part and one on lower. Pear-shaped elongated deep body. Thin groove separating outward-sloping plain shoulder from discus and continued to nozzle; three small circles impressed at base of handle; channel with curved sides connecting concave discus to wick-hole. Central filling-hole. Rounded volute-nozzle. Flat base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Eastern elongated variant of Loeschcke V, or Deneauve V F

Date: Second century A.D. or later(?)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: None found. For a close form with a much narrower channel, see Waldhauer 1914, no. 255, pl. 27 (Chersonesus), and no. 257, pl. 27 (Egypt); Haken 1958, no. 59, pl. 7 (purchased in Smyrna); Menzel 1969, p. 48, no. 260, fig. 38 (Miletus); Bailey BM III, Q 1950–Q 1951, pl. 36 (Naucratis); Heimerl 2001, nos. 220 and 223, pl. 6 (Pergamon).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

517

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.300

Dimensions: L: 9.2 cm; W: 5.0 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay and glaze 10R6/6 light red. Gold mica.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part, one on lower. Pear-shaped elongated deep body. Rounded shoulder with small circle on each side of handle; ridge marked off by two grooves separating shoulder from concave discus and continuing to nozzle. The ridge creates a wide channel with curved sides between discus and nozzle. Central filling-hole. Rounded nozzle, flanked by two small circles; on each side of underside of nozzle two parallel straight vertical grooves. Raised rounded base-ring marked off by two circular grooves; rosette with seven globules in relief in center.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Eastern elongated variant of Loeschcke V, or Deneauve V F

Date: Second to third century A.D.(?)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: None found. For the base decor with eight globules around a central one, see Perlzweig 1961, p. 138, no. 1242, pl. 25, with further Athenian examples on globule and volute-lamps; Böttger 2002, no. 2340, pl. 41 (Kerameikos, Athens).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

III.C.b.39 Lamp with delta-shaped body

No parallel has so far been found for the peculiar shape of cat. 518. The color of its clay and slip and the depth of its basin attest to its eastern place of manufacture or origin; it was purchased in Anatolia. The sunken circular cavity impressed in the center of the base is unusual; Bailey reports such a mark, but much smaller, on Ephesian lamps and on a Late Asia Minor type (Bailey BM III, p. 371). Lacking comparanda, the proposed date of the second half of the first or the second century A.D. is based on the handle and the nozzle shape only.

518

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.170

Dimensions: L: 9.5 cm; W: 7.5 cm; H: 3.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Thin cracks on discus, nozzle, and left shoulder. Clay 5YR6/6 reddish yellow, uneven glaze mostly 2.5YR5/6 red.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part and one on lower. Deep body in unusual delta-shape with sloping sides, except the back, which is sharply vertical. Shoulder decorated with a continuous row of ovolos; two thin grooves separate this motif from the two angular top sides of the lamp. Concave discus separated from shoulder by a ridge marked off by two thin grooves. Central filling-hole. Air hole in lower field. Heart-shaped nozzle. Circular base marked off by one circular groove; central depression, often found on lamps from Ephesus, according to Bailey.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Type not recorded

Date: Second half of first century or second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Southern Anatolia

Parallels: None found. For a similar back cut sharply but with a round nozzle, see Bochum Museum, Schüller Collection, cat. no. 195, S 791 (Anatolia).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

III.C.b.40 Lamp with square body, Bailey type I

Lamps of this type are characterized by their shallow biconical square bodies. They have a projecting nozzle, whose tip can be rounded or have an oval raised wick area, as in Bailey type H, sometimes tending to a heart-shaped form. The top part of the lamp can be perfectly square (see Fabbricotti 1980, fig. 2), or the part facing the nozzle can be symmetrically curved, vaguely reminiscent of two volutes. In this case, the base has a pentagonal shape (see Fabbricotti 1980, fig. 3). In fact, some examples have nozzle volutes (Brants 1913, no. 436, pl. 4; Walters 1914, no. 479; Menzel 1969, pp. 47–48, no. 259, fig. 37). Most of the examples published (about thirty-five are recorded in the literature at our disposal) have a circular concave discus, sometimes interrupted by a short channel or furrow facing the nozzle. This discus can be surrounded by a row of ovolos or set in a square frame consisting of one or several grooves. On a few examples the central part is not circular but square and framed by square ridges as on cat. 519. Handles are not frequent but may occur, as on Bailey BM III Q 1678, which has a ring handle.

Where did the type originate? In Italy it is attested by at least a dozen examples. Six are from Pompeii and Herculaneum: De Caro 1974, no. 41, pl. 10, signed LVC; Pavolini 1977, p. 37; Bisi Ingrassia 1977, p. 97, type XI; Allison 2006, no. 43, pls. 3 and 131; one from Pozzuoli: Bailey BM III, Q 1107; one from Catania: Libertini 1930, no. 1484; one from Aquileia: Di Filippo Balestrazzi 1988, vol. 2.2, no. 1189, pl. 194; three from Rome: Hellmann 1987, p. 64, nos. 238–40; one from Italy without more precision: Bernhard 1955, no. 256, signed PY (for the PY signature, see Rosenthal and Sivan 1978, p. 87, no. 354). The Bologna and the Milano museums each has one lamp without place of manufacture or origin: Gualandi Genito 1977, no. 519, pl. 69; Sapelli 1979, no. 177, pl. 18.

The Museo Nazionale Romano has fourteen examples, also without known place of manufacture or origin, perhaps previously kept in the Museum Kircherianum (Fabbricotti 1980, p. 227); taking into account their number, Fabbricotti supposes that some of them at least may have been produced in Italy. Six lamps do not have a workshop mark, eight lamps are signed; among the latter, four signatures are either illegible or uncertain; the others read: OPPI (no. 1), COPPIRES (nos. 4 and 11), or EX OFF M T MARI (no. 10). We believe MTMARI to be an African workshop, not yet attested in Italy. Six lamps with this signature (Loeschcke type VIII) have been found in central Tunisia (Alaoui II, nos. 913, 956, 1024, 1132; Alaoui III, nos. 2065 and 2226) and two more on Lipari, where African lamps were heavily imported from the second half of second century A.D. onward (Bernabò Brea and Cavalier 1965, nos. 228–29). As for the two MNR lamps signed COPPIRES, this workshop has through archaeological evidence been located on the Janiculum Hill in Rome (Via XXX Aprile) (Maestripieri and Ceci 1990). Nevertheless, judging from the considerable number of lamps signed COPPIRES that have been found in Africa, it is generally admitted that this huge family business had several branches there. Thus only MNR lamp no. 1, signed OPPI, is very likely to have been produced in Italy. Outside Italy, square-bodied lamps were certainly made in Africa: this is certified by Bailey’s lamp Q 1678, signed MNOVIVSTI, as well as by Fabbricotti’s lamp no. 10, signed MTMARI, both signatures of recognized African workshops (Fabbricotti 1980).

Three lamps of Bailey type I have been found in Asia Minor: in the Troad (Brants 1913, no. 436), in Miletus (Menzel 1969, p. 48, no. 259, fig. 37), and in Ephesus (Bailey BM III, Q 3023, pl. 99). Taking the place of manufacture or origin of the two latter authors into account, Bisi Ingrassia (apparently not aware of Brants’s lamp) asserts that the three examples excavated in Herculaneum are not Italic. She suggests they may have been imported from an Asia Minor workshop, for the type seems so incongruous among the customary Italic material found in Herculaneum (Bisi Ingrassia 1977 1977, p. 97).

One or two more square-bodied lamps are known, but without place of manufacture or origin (see Bailey BM II, p. 242). As for the geographical origin of the type, we must discard Africa, for MNOVIVSTI and MTMARI were active in a much later period than the Italic workshops OPPI and LVC (70–80/90), present in Pompeii. Can the volute-nozzles of the three eastern lamps mentioned above be interpreted as a sign of an early date compared to the Campanian examples? We lack archaeological context data for an answer. On the basis of its solid handle and its general workmanship, we are inclined to give cat. 519 a date later than A.D. 120–180, the one Bailey attributes to his Q 1679 (MNOVIVSTI). Thus we suggest the very end of the second century A.D. and consider it highly possible that the place of manufacture or origin of this lamp is the eastern part of the Mediterranean basin.

519

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.264

Dimensions: L: 9.8 cm; W: 6.5 cm; H: 2.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay near 7.5YR6/4 light brown, uneven glaze 10YR5/2–5/3 grayish brown to brown.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Solid round vertical handle with two continuous grooves. Square biconical flattened body. Square lamp top edged by two parallel ridges with a groove between them; on the lower side of the discus, the ridges turn into a V-shape toward the wick-hole. Two further ridges, separated by a groove, frame the square; slightly depressed central area of the discus. Big central filling-hole. Air hole in the V-shaped zone. Round-tipped, well-detached nozzle; wick-hole with flat circular plate. Rectangular base marked off by a ridge.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Bailey I; Brants XVI; Bisi Ingrassia XI A

Date: Very end of second century A.D.(?)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: London (England)

Parallels: None found; (close) Brants 1913, no. 436 (Troy); Libertini 1930, no. 1484, pl. 130; Haken 1958, no. 87, pl. 12; Menzel 1969, pp. 47–48, no. 259, fig. 37 (Miletus); Bailey BM II, Q 1107–Q 1108, pl. 41 (Italy); Skinkel-Taupin 1980, no. 6b; Hellmann 1987, no. 238, pl. 30 (Rome); Larese and Sgreva 1996, group 17; Seidel 2002, no. 64 (FRONIM[—], place of manufacture or origin unknown); different but with a square discus, Allison 2006, no. 43, pl. 3, fig. 5, group 9 (Pompeii).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany); sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

Discussion: London (England) may mean the place where Schüller bought the lamp? From the shape of its nozzle we presume an eastern place of manufacture or origin for this artifact (see the nozzle of cat. 521 from Anatolia).

III.C.b.41 Lamp with hexagonal body

No parallel to the peculiar shape of cat. 520 has so far been found. Despite the fact that its body is hexagonal, the lamp can nevertheless be related to square-bodied lamps of Bailey type I. The color of its clay and slip, the depth of its basin, the globules impressed on the shoulder and base, and the plain planta pedis all attest to the eastern place of manufacture or origin of this lamp, purchased in Anatolia (see Loeschcke type VIII. Introduction, before cat. 278). The ogival nozzle with shoulder-volutes differs from the nozzle of square-bodied lamps, another reason to present this shape individually. Lacking comparanda, it is difficult to propose a date, but taking into account the shape of the ring handle and of the nozzle with its shoulder-volutes, the last third of the first century A.D. is suggested.

520

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.220

Dimensions: L: 9.1 cm; W: 6.2 cm; H: 2.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, glaze 10R5/6 red.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with two grooves on upper part, one on lower. Deep hexagonal body with sloping sides. Outward-sloping shoulder with a globule within a small circle at each angle of the lamp top. Discus encircled by a groove interrupted in front of the nozzle, where it ends in a volute with a knob on each side of the nozzle. Filling-hole lower right. Rounded nozzle with shoulder-volutes (as on Loeschcke type V); flat wick-hole area encroaching in tongue shape on discus surface. Pentagonal base marked off by one groove; globule at each angle. Plain planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: She-dog or she-wolf (swollen teats) chasing hare running to right in the upper field.

Type: Related to Bailey I, Brants XVI

Date: Last third of first century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Southern Anatolia

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

III.C.b.42 Lamp with hexagonal discus and ribbed body

We have not found any parallel to the peculiar shape of cat. 521. With its hexagonal discus it has some resemblance to cat. 520, but it differs from it by its ribbed body and undulating side, justifying an individual presentation. The color of its clay and slip, the depth of its basin, and the raised rim around the wick-hole attest to an eastern place of manufacture or origin of this lamp, which was purchased in Anatolia. The relation to cat. 520, and thus to Bailey type I, suggests a date at the end of the first century A.D., but its solid handle may equally well indicate a later date.

521

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.225

Dimensions: L: 8.1 cm; W: 6.1 cm; H: 2.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Burn marks on nozzle. Clay 2.5YR6/6 light red, glaze 2.5YR5/6 red.

Description: Moldmade. Solid round vertical handle with two grooves on upper part. Deep basin divided into seven melon-shaped areas, highlighted by ribs (see photo of bottom). Square top with left- and right-curved extensions, decorated by three ridges and flat intermediary areas: outermost ridge low and grooved; middle one higher and thicker, with nearly a hexagonal shape; innermost one heart-shaped, surrounding a large filling-hole. Flat area between middle and central ridges pierced by four air holes, one in each corner. Short sturdy round-tipped nozzle slightly upturned. One raised oval base-ring marked off by a central groove; interior sunken. Plain planta pedis, possibly with small circles on each side.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Type not recorded

Date: Late first century A.D. or later(?)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Southern Anatolia

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

III.C.b.43 Loeschcke type VIII, eastern variants

Cat. 522 is characterized by the presence of two double-ended volutes symmetrically placed on the shoulder between discus rim and nozzle. These volutes are not rendered in relief on the sides of the nozzle. Each has two distinct knobs and is not part of the nozzle side. Thus they cannot rightly be called shoulder-volutes, and the lamps of the type under discussion do not fall into Loeschcke type V or Bailey type C. Nevertheless some authors still choose to assign the shoulder-volutes to the latter types: see Hübinger 1993, no. 218, pl. 28, from the second half of the first century A.D.; and Bailey BM II, Q 987–Q 992, pl. 25. However, these Italian lamps, dated A.D. 40–80, have a more elongated body, absent in cat. 522, whose shape is closer to Loeschcke type VIII. Another example of this earlier elongated form comes from Pompeii (Allison 2006, no. 1711, pl. 128, fig. 13).

We have not found any lamps with such volutes among Italic lamps of Loeschcke type VIII in BM II or in the principal Italian catalogues. In fact, even a broader search in all the literature at our disposal has produced only two exceptions. First, there are a few parallels to cat. 522 in Heimerl 2001, especially his lamp no. 226, pl. 6 (identical), with a vertical planta pedis on its base like cat. 522. His lamps nos. 225 and 228 are also very close. These three illustrated lamps are classified as Pergamene products (Heimerl’s groups 8a–9c). Second, there is a near parallel to cat. 522 in Bulgaria (Kuzmanov 1992, p. 73, no. 77). We could even add that the round body of cat. 522, close to Loeschcke type VIII, is not far from the shape of the Alpha-Globules-Lamps from Athens, dated first–second century A.D., even if the shapes of their volutes and handles are different (see Böttger 2002, no. 479, pl. 46). The eastern place of manufacture or origin of cat. 522 is confirmed by its having been purchased in Anatolia.

Cat. 523, likewise purchased in Anatolia, is similarly characterized by the presence of double-volutes. This time they are not applied vertically but symmetrically at some distance from one another on opposite sides of the shoulder. The lamp, with its round body all covered with globules and its short rounded nozzle, belongs to Loeschcke type VIII. It is a well-known Attic production (unglazed, or later, glazed) of the third and fourth centuries, a so-called globule-and-volute lamp. Both the Athenian Agora and the Kerameikos excavations have produced and published many (Perlzweig 1961, pp. 138–39, nos. 1224–1307, pl. 25; Böttger 2002, e.g., nos. 2315–40, pl. 41). Perlzweig’s lamp no. 1225 bears the same base mark as cat. 523: three small rings hanging from a stem. Her lamp no. 1233 shows a base with six similar rings in the form of an inverted triangle. Another such lamp, but with a different base mark (a row of eight globules around a central one), is published by Slane 1990, no. 49, pl. 4; her note p. 18, concerning lamp no. 49, refers to a large group of Attic lamps from a midcentury deposit at Corinth (Williams and Zervos 1983, p. 14, nos. 35–46, pl. 8). The catalogue of Isthmian lamps by Lindros Wohl 2017 has two examples from Isthmia—cat. nos. 268 and 345—close to cat. 523, although their double-volutes do not have the same shape and position on the shoulder.

Oziol publishes a series of Loeschcke type VIII lamps dated second–third century A.D., found in Salamis, Cyprus (Oziol 1977, nos. 546 and 555, pl. 31); they are without handle and have “pseudovolutes” on their shoulders near the nozzle. The author claims this decor is unknown in the western part of the Roman Empire and in Greece and says that they are found in the eastern part only: Antioch-on-the-Orontes, Palmyra, Palestine, Syria, and Lebanon (see Oziol’s refs. p. 184). This is incorrect, as the examples in Perlzweig 1961, pl. 25, testify.

Rosenthal and Sivan publish a series of twenty-one Syro-Palestinian lamps of Loeschcke type VIII, quite similar to Oziol’s series, whose short rounded nozzle is flanked on both sides of the shoulder by typical double-volutes (Rosenthal and Sivan 1978, pp. 85–89, nos. 347–67). Their Syro-Palestinian group can be compared to several Asia Minor ones: group XVI at Tarsus, type VI at Dura Europos, and lamps from Palmyra (refs. p. 85). A few examples of a similar type have been found in Caesarea Maritima, Israel (Sussman 2008, pp. 229–30, a discussion of her type R 20, illustrated p. 270, no. 73, and p. 271, nos. 79–80). These lamps appeared in the second half of the first century but were long lived, for a number have been found in a third-century A.D. context in the necropolis of Beth Shearim. Whether this decor of typical double-volutes was devised by lampmakers in Asia Minor or Attica, and who influenced whom, is not yet possible to determine. But it is worth signaling the use of this decor as anchored in the eastern part of the Mediterranean.

522

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.288

Dimensions: L: 8.9 cm; W: 6 cm; H: 2.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Slightly chipped filling-hole. Clay 5YR7/4 pink, mottled glaze mostly 5YR6/4 pale red; substantial areas of lower part burned dark.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Solid vertical round handle with one groove on both upper and lower parts. Deep body. Broad outward-sloping shoulder with three rows of globules, separated from concave discus by two thin circular ridges with a groove between. Central filling-hole. Short round-tipped nozzle with two volutes on flat space between the discus edge and wick-hole. Base marked off by one circular groove. Plain planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Eastern variant of Loeschcke VIII

Date: Second half of first to first half of second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Southern Anatolia

Parallels: (Identical) Heimerl 2001, no. 225, pl. 6, with planta pedis; (very close) Heimerl 2001, nos. 226 and 228, pl. 6, classified as production of Pergamon, group 8a–9c; (near) Kuzmanov 1992, p. 73, no. 77.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

523

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.286

Dimensions: L: 8.2 cm; W: 6.1 cm; H: 2.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: Restored, cracks on left side along joint and across base. Clay 2.5YR6/6 light red, faint traces of glaze near 10R5/6 red.

Description: Moldmade. Solid vertical round handle with three grooves on both upper and lower parts. Circular body. Shoulder with four rows of globules, underside with five rows. Concave discus bordered by a raised ring with two thin grooves; smaller ring encircling central filling-hole. Round-tipped tapering nozzle; double-volutes on each side of nozzle top, facing toward the discus. Between volutes two raised curved lines. Raised rounded base-ring; inside three small rings.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Globule-and-volute lamp

Date: Mid-third century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Southern Anatolia

Parallels: (Close) Haken 1958, no. 105 (Kerch); Menzel 1969, p. 84, no. 550, fig. 72, and p. 85, no. 551, fig. 73; (identical) Perlzweig 1961, nos. 1224–64, pl. 25 (Athenian Agora), especially no. 1225 with a very similar mark on its base; Williams 1981, no. 246, pl. 10 (Kenchreai); Slane 1990, p. 18, no. 49, pl. 4 (Corinth); Karivieri 1996, nos. 114–16, pl. 9; Böttger 2002, nos. 2308–40, pl. 41 (Kerameikos, Athens), especially no. 2335, which is practically identical with the same mark on the base; Lindros Wohl 1981, no. 11, pl. 34 (Isthmia), and lamps nos. 268 and 345 in her catalogue of Isthmian lamps (Lindros Wohl 2017).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

III.C.b.44 Late lamps of Asia Minor types

Late lamps of Asia Minor types, sometimes just called “late Ephesian lamps,” are known, first, from the discovery of about two thousand examples in the Seven Sleepers Cemetery at Ephesus, published by Miltner 1937; second, from the discovery of 202 lamps, most of them found in the Artemision at Ephesus by J. T. Wood 1877; and, third, from another important deposit excavated on the island of Kalymnos by C. T. Newton (Newton inventory of objects acquired at Kalymnos, manuscript in the Department of Greece and Rome of the British Museum). More lamps of late Asia Minor types have been found in various other places but in smaller quantities: in Asia Minor itself (Cnidus, Didyma, Hierapolis, Iasos, Istanbul, Laodicea, Miletus, Mytilene, Pergamon, Samos, Sardis, Smyrna, Tyre, Yassi Ada); in Greece (Aegina, Athens, Chios, Corinth, Delos, Kenchreai, Nea Anchialos, Patras, Rhodes, Salonika); in Romania (Halmyris); and in Bulgaria and Egypt. A few examples have been collected in North Africa (Carthage, Sabratha), in Sicily (Molinello, Syracuse), in Italy (Ravenna), and in the South of France (in a shipwreck at Port-Vendres). Apart from published examples, there are still unpublished collections of the types in various museums, especially in the Istanbul Archaeological Museum (in great numbers), mostly from sites in western Turkey. It is highly probable that most of the lamps recorded were made in Ephesus itself, where several wasters of Loeschcke type VIII lamps have been excavated. Comparative neutron activation analyses of clays have proved the manufacture of Ephesus lamps at Sardis as well as at Ephesus, and we may conjecture the existence of other production centers, for example, Pergamon, where an excavated kiln has yielded a mold and a lamp of Late Asia Minor type.

Lamps of Late Asia Minor types have either a circular or an oval elongated body that is sharply carinated, with protruding nozzle. The shoulders are outward sloping and offer a variety of characteristic decorations in both relief and sunken patterns: rows of globules, slanted radiating grooves, ovolos, vine-tendrils and grapes, tongues or petals, and concentric rings. The nozzle, whose length varies, may be rounded or heart-shaped. It is sometimes separated from the discus by a band of tongues or a cluster of globules. Most lamps may be divided into two groups: one without a nozzle channel, corresponding to Broneer type XXIX, group 4; and one with a nozzle channel, corresponding to Broneer type XXIX, group 3. All lamps have a grooved handle, rarely pierced. Some handles may be very broad with ribs marked off by three to five grooves. This last shape is illustrated in Miltner 1937, nos. 773–77, 940–50, pl. 5, and nos. 231 and 309, pl. 13; and in Bailey BM III, Q 3216, pl. 114. The shape is, however, not exclusive to lamps found in Ephesus but appears elsewhere, for instance, Waagé 1941, nos. 159–60, fig. 80, from Antioch-on-the-Orontes; Perlzweig 1961, nos. 356 and 359, pl. 11, from the Athenian Agora; and Hübinger 1993, no. 235, from Smyrna, to limit ourselves to a few examples.

Ornament handles are not infrequent; Miltner shows thirty examples, mostly in the shape of a leaf; nine in Bailey BM III are likewise leaf-shaped. These are close to cats. 540 and 541.

Of eighteen Getty lamps of the types considered, six have a plain discus: cats. 525, 527–30, and 538; four have a discus decor of rings or circular bands: cats. 531, 535, 540–41; two have a rosette: cats. 526 and 532; one a menorah: cat. 524, a decor occurring among the Seven Sleepers lamps (Miltner 1937); one a Greek cross: cat. 534, with alpha and omega on its branches, accompanied by a sheep and a sun (Greek crosses are in fact frequent on Late Ephesus lamps); the four last discus decors are: a female bust: cat. 533; two busts together: cat. 539; a bestiarius and a lion: cat. 536; and an unclear scene with what seems to be a male figure: cat. 537.

Late Ephesus type lamps have very characteristic underbodies. Bailey has distinguished three major forms: Eph. A, Eph. B, and Eph. C. In forms A and B, the bases have a thick raised ring; form C shows several concentric rings. In A and B two or three parallel grooves flank the underside of the nozzle. Forms B and C show a very characteristic fishtail- or anchor-shaped handle termination in light relief. We will refer to Bailey’s classification given in Bailey BM III, fig. 162, whenever possible (see fig. 4). No bases carry potters’ names, but quite a few have a large plain incuse planta pedis: cats. 524–28, 532–34, 537–38, and 541. This is observed on lamps of the same type found in Ephesus (Bailey BM III, p. 371) and in Tire, Turkey (see Gürler 2005, no. 92/212, pl. 3). Cat. 531 has a narrow footprint, different from the previous ones. Several examples have an impressed circular mark for which Bailey has no clear explanation (Bailey BM III, p. 371): cat. 530 is one example, possibly also cat. 540. The mark of cat. 535 is a cross formed of four vertically placed small circles with two more placed horizontally. The eastern place of manufacture or origin of the Getty lamps, all purchased in Asia Minor, some possibly in Ephesus itself, is attested by the presence of similar footprints, or impressed circular marks, found both on Getty lamps and on British Museum lamps (the latter excavated in Ephesus), or on examples found in Tire.

Fig. 4. Ephesian underbodies. From Bailey BM III, fig. 162. With kind permission of D. M. Bailey.

The date of Late Ephesus lamps is uncertain, due to the lack of archaeological contexts in all relevant excavations. Bailey enumerates the little reliable data available and opts for maintaining only two broad time spans: A.D. 500–600 for the lamps without a nozzle channel (i.e., Broneer type XXIX, group 4); and A.D. 550–650 for the lamps with a nozzle channel (i.e., Broneer type XXIX, group 3). But he admits that both groups could begin up to half a century earlier: group 4 starting about A.D. 450, and group 3 about A.D. 500 (Bailey BM III, p. 372). The shipwreck of Yassi Ada I, which has yielded twenty-four lamps typical of the Byzantine period, is dated to ca. A.D. 625, during the reign of Heraclius, A.D. 610–41 (see Ricci 2002). For the Getty lamps, deriving from private collections without known contexts, we will adopt Bailey’s dating.

524

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.273

Dimensions: L: 8.5 cm; W: 6.0 cm; H: 2.1 cm

Condition and Fabric: Small cracked area in upper right discus. Clay near 5YR6/4 light reddish brown, worn glaze 2.5YR6/6 light red. Gold mica.

Description: Moldmade. Exceptionally long and flat pierced handle, lower part ending in a fishtail; three grooves on upper part. Rounded shoulder with a continuous row of globules; circular groove separating shoulder from discus. Two symmetrically placed filling-holes slightly below center. Small tapering round-tipped nozzle with two smaller globules on top. Raised round base-ring marked off by two circular grooves. Large plain planta pedis (near mark on Bailey Q 3105, Q 3122, Q 3125).

Discus Iconography: Jewish seven-armed candlestick (menorah) with bejeweled branches each with a candle, a twisted staff, and three legs; the foot is flanked on each side by a curved ram’s horn (shofar) and a citrus (etrog), and, on the right side only, a palm branch (lulav).

Type: Loeschcke VIII

Date: Third or fourth century A.D.(?)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: (Close) Miltner 1937, no. 180, pl. 2, and nos. 164, 167, pl. 12 (Ephesus).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

525

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.290

Dimensions: L: 8.5 cm; W: 5.5 cm; H: 3.0 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Burn marks on nozzle. Clay and glaze 7.5YR6/2 pinkish gray.

Description: Moldmade. Solid broad vertical handle with three grooves on both upper and lower parts. Broad shoulder with two continuous rows of sizable globules. Concave discus surrounded by two ridges with a groove between them. Central filling-hole. Heart-shaped nozzle. Base marked off by circular groove. Large plain planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Eastern variant of Loeschcke VIII

Date: Third century A.D.(?)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: None found; (close) Miltner 1937, nos. 123 and 125, pl. 1, and no. 215, pl. 2 (Ephesus); Bailey BM III, Q 3091, pl. 104, and Q 3125, pl. 106 (Ephesus); Heimerl 2001, no. 442, pl. 11 (Pergamon).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

526

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.284

Dimensions: L: 8.7 cm; W: 6.0 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay near 5YR6/6 reddish yellow, uneven remains of glaze 5YR5/3 reddish brown and 5YR4/2 dark reddish gray. Small traces of mica.

Description: Moldmade. Solid vertical round handle with two grooves on both upper and lower parts. Convex shoulder with two rows of globules, separated from discus by a ridge surrounding both discus and nozzle top, leaving a narrow channel between them. Central filling-hole. Unpierced air hole facing the channel. Short round-tipped nozzle. Raised base-ring; lower part of lamp is recorded as Eph. A, with large plain blurred planta pedis (close to the mark on Q 3105, Q 3122, and Q 3125 in Bailey BM III).

Discus Iconography: Rosette of fourteen or fifteen petals within a circular flat band.

Type: Broneer XXIX, group 3

Date: Ca. A.D. 550–650

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Southern Anatolia

Parallels: (Close) Miltner 1937, nos. 1662, 1671, and 1680, pl. 9 (Ephesus); Bailey BM III, Q 3173, pl. 110 (Ephesus).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

527

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.309

Dimensions: L: 7.7 cm; W: 5.1 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR6/6 reddish yellow, a few traces of glaze 5YR4/3 reddish brown. Mica.

Description: Moldmade. Solid vertical round handle with two grooves on both upper and lower parts; lower part ending in a fishtail. Deep basin. Shoulder with a continuous row of globules. Ridge encircling a slightly concave discus. Central filling-hole. Slightly protruding heart-shaped nozzle Eph. D 2. Base-ring; underbody Eph. B. Large blurred plain planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Broneer XXIX, group 4

Date: Ca. A.D. 500–600

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: (Close) Miltner 1937, nos. 123 and 125, pl. 1, and no. 238, pl. 2 (Ephesus); Bailey BM III, Q 3125, pl. 106 (Ephesus); Abadie-Reynal and Sodini 1992, nos. a-L 33, b-L 34 (Thasos).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

528

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.289

Dimensions: L: 9.0 cm; W: 5.4 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay near 10YR5/2 grayish brown, glaze 10YR4/1 dark gray.

Description: Moldmade. Vertical round solid handle with two grooves on both upper and lower parts. Striated convex shoulder. Slightly concave discus surrounded by a ridge. Central filling-hole. Rounded heart-shaped nozzle Eph. D. Three globules between discus edge and raised wick-hole area. Base-ring marked off by two grooves; underbody Eph. A. Large blurred plain planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Broneer XXIX, group 4

Date: Ca. A.D. 500–600 (Bailey BM III)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: Miltner 1937, no. 301, pl. 3, and nos. 592, 618, pl. 4 (Ephesus); Pasinli, Gökyıldırım, and Düzgüner 1997, fig. 16 (from Turkey); (for discus only) Chrzanovski and Zhuravlev 1998, nos. 75–76 (Chersonesus, proposed date: third to fourth century).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

529

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.308

Dimensions: L: 7.1 cm; W: 4.8 cm; H: 2.1 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay near 5YR6/3 light reddish brown, glaze 5YR5/2 reddish gray. Mica.

Description: Moldmade. Broad solid handle with three grooves on both upper and lower parts. Biconvex body. Striated outward-sloping shoulder. Concave discus surrounded by a ridge. Central filling-hole. Rounded heart-shaped nozzle with a raised wick-hole area, Eph. D2. Circular base marked off by one circular groove. Large, plain planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Broneer XXIX, group 4

Date: Ca. A.D. 500–600

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: None found. For the general form and the striated shoulder, see Brants 1913, no. 1122, pl. 8 (Smyrna); Miltner 1937, no. 937, pl. 5, and no. 222, pl. 13; Bailey BM III, Q 3163, pl. 110 (Ephesus). For the broad solid ribbed handle only, see Miltner 1937, nos. 773–77, 940–50, pl. 5, and nos. 231, 309, pl. 13; or Bailey BM III, Q 3216, pl. 114 (Ephesus).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

530

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.302

Dimensions: L: 8.2 cm; W: 4.4 cm; H: 2.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Thin crack on discus. Clay 5YR6/6 reddish yellow, unevenly preserved glaze varying between 10R5/4 and 4/1 weak red and dark reddish gray.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Solid broad handle with five grooves on upper part; on lower part, incised rectangle containing an incised upside-down Y; small circles at each corner of the rectangle. Pear-shaped elongated body. Outward-sloping shoulder with three globules evenly displayed on each side, separated from discus by two grooved ridges, surrounding both discus and nozzle. Channel with curved sides connecting discus to wick-hole. Central filling-hole. Rounded nozzle; underneath, on both sides, two parallel grooves with slanted notches in between. Circular base marked off by one groove; small circle impressed in center.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Broneer XXIX, group 3

Date: Ca. A.D. 550–650

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: (Close) Brants 1913, no. 1121, pl. 8 (Smyrna). For the general elongated shape, oval discus, and narrow channel with curved sides, see Miltner 1937, various lamps on pls. 7 and 8, particularly nos. 1291 and 1394; Bailey BM III, Q 3185–Q 3191, pls. 111–12 (Ephesus); Gürler 2005, pl. 8, 92/293.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

531

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.311

Dimensions: L: 11.1 cm; W: 8.2 cm; H: 2.1 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Burn marks on nozzle. Clay and slip 7.5YR6/4 light brown. Gold mica.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with three grooves on upper and lower parts. Shallow body. Shoulder with a row of globules. Discus surrounded by a ridge; circular slightly raised flat band around central filling-hole. Air hole in lower field. Slightly upturned rounded nozzle with a band of long tongues on shoulder between it and discus. Underbody near Eph. B. Plain planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Broneer XXIX, group 4

Date: Ca. A.D. 500–600

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: None found; (close) Miltner 1937, nos. 534, 572, pl. 4 (Ephesus); for the petal nozzle only: Bailey BM III, Q 3151–Q 3158, pl. 109 (Ephesus).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

532

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.387

Dimensions: L: 9.5 cm; W: 6.2 cm; H: 3.0 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Burn marks on nozzle. Clay 2.5YR6/6 light red, worn slip 2.5YR6/4 light reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Solid vertical round handle with two worn grooves on upper part; lower part ending in a fishtail. Deep body with outward-sloping sides. Striated shoulder, separated from discus by a circular ridge. Flat-bottomed discus. Filling-hole in each petal of the rosette; a seventh equal-sized hole in the center. Slightly upturned rounded nozzle with a band of five long tongues on top. Underbody Eph. B. Large incuse plain planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: Rosette composed of six rounded petals.

Type: Broneer XXIX, group 4

Date: Ca. A.D. 500–600

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: Miltner 1937, nos. 1065–67, pl. 6; Bailey BM III, Q 3144, pl. 108; for similar rosettes on discus, see Miltner 1937, several examples on pl. 6; Lyon-Caen and Hoff 1986, p. 127, no. 162 (Smyrna); Bailey BM III, Q 3120, pl. 106; for similar nozzles with a tongue-pattern, see Bailey BM III, several examples pls. 108–9 (Ephesus); Cicikowa 1999, pp. 105–6.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

533

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.390

Dimensions: L: 8.3 cm; W: 5.4 cm; H: 2.2 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact; from worn mold. Clay 2.5YR6/6 light red, same color slip.

Description: Moldmade. Solid vertical round handle with one groove on upper part. Slightly oval body. Outward-sloping shoulder with relief vine-grapes; circular groove around discus. Two symmetrically placed filling-holes, one on each side of discus. Slightly elongated round-tipped nozzle with a circular ridge around wick-hole; burn marks. Underbody Eph. B. Large incuse plain planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: Male or female(?) bust in pronounced relief, smiling, looking down to left; abundant curly hair.

Type: Broneer XXIX, group 4

Date: Ca. A.D. 500–600

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: None found; (close) Brants 1913, no. 1124, pl. 8 (Asia Minor); Miltner 1937, no. 417, pl. 3 (Ephesus); Bailey BM III, Q 3120, pl. 106 (Ephesus).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

534

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.272

Dimensions: L: 10.1 cm; W: 6.8 cm; H: 3.0 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Burn marks on nozzle. Clay near 5YR6/4 light reddish brown, worn remains of glaze 5YR5/2. reddish gray.

Description: Moldmade. Vertical round solid handle with two grooves on upper part; lower part ending in a fishtail. Narrow outward-sloping shoulder with a continuous row of globules, separated from discus by two grooves. Large flat-bottomed discus. Slightly protruding heart-shaped nozzle with a raised wick-area and an unclear relief between it and shoulder. Underbody Eph. B. Large incuse plain planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: Monogrammatic Greek cross with rho turned right. Alpha and omega above the transverse bars of the cross; lamb at foot of the cross; above its hindquarters, a star or sun with six rays.

Type: Broneer XXIX, group 4

Date: Ca. A.D. 500–600

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: None found; (close) Brants 1913, no. 1129, pl. 8, with one row of globules, a Greek cross, and a heart-shaped nozzle (Asia Minor); Bailey BM III, Q 3123 and Q 3126, pl. 106, and Q 3131, Q 3134, and Q 3138, pl. 107, all with a Greek cross on the discus and row(s) of globules on the shoulder (Ephesus).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

535

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.285

Dimensions: L: 8.8 cm; W: 6.2 cm; H: 3.0 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Burn marks on nozzle tip. Clay and slip 7.5YR7/4 pink.

Description: Moldmade. Solid vertical round handle with one groove on upper part; lower part ending in a fishtail; four small circles arranged around fishtail. Deep oval body. Convex shoulder with four rows of globules; thin grooved ridge surrounding both discus and nozzle wick-area, which are connected by a channel with curved sides. Big central filling-hole. In upper channel, two incised circles with central dot. Underbody Eph. B. Base-ring marked off by two grooves; inside, six small incised circles arranged in cross-pattern; three similar circles vertically placed underneath the nozzle, above an alpha. At each lower branch of the letter a similar small circle.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Two circles of small dots surrounding filling-hole. In lower field, two small dotted circles.

Type: Broneer XXIX, group 3

Date: Ca. A.D. 550–650

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Southern Anatolia

Parallels: (Close) Brants 1913, no. 1120, pl. 8 (Smyrna); Deneauve 1969, no. 1136, pl. 102 (Carthage); Bass and Van Doorninck 1982, L 12, fig. 9.4 (Yassi Ada); De Luca 1984, no. 503, I:2, pl. 20; (practically identical) Lyon-Caen and Hoff 1986, p. 128, no. 164 (Smyrna); Bailey BM III, Q 3194, pl. 112 (several close parallels given); (very close) Popescu 1994, pl. 22, fig. 58; Topoleanu 1996, figs. 1–2 (local production in Halmyris); (close) Topoleanu 2000, pls. 68–69 (Halmyris).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

536

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.320

Dimensions: L: 10.1 cm; W: 6.5 cm; H: 2.4 cm

Condition and Fabric: Small fr. on left underside reattached. Burn marks on nozzle. Clay 5YR6/6 reddish yellow, mostly same color slip.

Description: Moldmade. Solid vertical handle with three grooves on upper part, one on lower. Oval body. Outward-sloping shoulder with a row of globules. Ridge surrounding both discus and nozzle top, leaving a channel with curved sides connecting them. Filling-hole slightly right of center. Rounded nozzle. Underbody Eph. A.; four circles within base-ring.

Discus Iconography: Bestiarius at left combatting a rearing lion with his spear.

Type: Broneer XXIX, group 3

Date: Ca. A.D. 550–650

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: (Identical) Brants 1913, no. 1136, pl. 8 (Smyrna); with different discus decor: Bailey BM III, Q 3180, pl. 111 (Ephesus).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

537

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.306

Dimensions: L: 8.0 cm; W: 5.1 cm; H: 2.2 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR6/6 yellowish red, nearly same color slip.

Description: Moldmade. Solid vertical round handle. Oval body. Shoulder with tendrils and grapes. Ridge with thin central groove surrounds both discus and nozzle top, leaving a narrow channel with curved sides connecting them. Nozzle with splayed rounded tip and burn marks. Underbody close to Eph. B, with two additional parallel vertical grooves on each side of basin. Large plain planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: Unclear. Possibly a male figure standing at left, reaching toward grapes in a basket(?).

Type: Broneer XXIX, group 3

Date: Ca. A.D. 550–650

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: None found; (close) Bailey BM III, Q 3178, pl. 111 (male and female Pan on discus), and Q 3195, pl. 112 (plain discus).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

538

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.291

Dimensions: L: 8 cm; W: 5.5 cm; H: 2.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Burn marks on nozzle. Clay 2.5YR6/6 reddish yellow, glaze 2.5YR5/6 yellowish red.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Solid vertical round handle with three grooves on upper part. Oval body. Sloping shoulder with tendrils and bunches of grapes. Ridge marked off by central groove surrounding both discus and nozzle top, leaving a narrow straight channel connecting them. Central filling-hole. Round-tipped nozzle. Blurred base-ring. Large blurred plain planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Broneer XXIX, group 3

Date: A.D. 550–650

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: None found; (close) Bailey BM III, Q 3175, pl. 111 (Ephesus); Hadad 2002, p. 134, no. 521, type 10 (Beth-Shean).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

539

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.319

Dimensions: L: 9.8 cm; W: 6.8 cm; H: 2.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: Chips on handle. Clay 5YR6/6 reddish yellow, slip near 5YR6/4 light reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Solid vertical round handle with beginning of three grooves on upper part, lower part ending in fishtail with central dot. Convex shoulder with tendrils and bunches of grapes. Two thin ridges separated by a groove surround both discus and nozzle top, leaving a narrow straight channel connecting them. Large filling-hole in lower field, smaller air hole in upper one. Round-tipped protruding nozzle with tongues on each side of channel. Burn marks. Underbody near Eph. B.

Discus Iconography: Two heads facing one another; young maiden at left with veil over back half of her wavy hairdo; she wears earrings; young man at right in a Phrygian bonnet; above, a small Greek cross.

Type: Broneer XXIX, group 3

Date: A.D. 550–650 (Bailey)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: None found; (close) Miltner 1937, no. 1594, pl. 8 (plain discus); Bailey BM III, Q 3175–Q 3176, pl. 111 (Ephesus).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

540

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.477

Dimensions: L: 13.0 cm; W: 6.6 cm; H: 3.0 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Several areas burned dark, including nozzle. Clay and slip 5YR6/6 reddish yellow. Mica.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Ornament handle in the shape of a palmette; one groove on back of handle. Elongated body. Outward-sloping shoulder with tendrils and bunches of grapes; at foot of handle, three globules on the shoulder. Centrally grooved ridge surrounding both discus and nozzle top, leaving a channel with curved sides connecting them. Two grooves surrounding concave central discus area. Central filling-hole. Air hole in upper part of channel. Nozzle with splayed rounded tip. Two slightly raised flat concentric base-rings marked off by three circular grooves; center of base slightly concave.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Broneer XXIX, group 3

Date: A.D. 550–650

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: (Near) Miltner 1937, no. 308, pl. 13; Bailey BM III, Q 3208 and Q 3210, pl. 114 (Ephesus); (identical) Pasinli, Gökyıldırım, and Düzgüner 1997, fig. 18 (Turkey).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

541

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.307

Dimensions: L: 8.2 cm; W: 4.7 cm; H: 2.1 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay and slip 5YR6/6 reddish yellow. Gold mica.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Triangular leaf-shaped ornament handle with grooved floral stems ending in curves; back of handle has three grooves in imitation of a shield with central groove. Pear-shaped body. Two small dotted circles on each side of outward-sloping shoulder. Ridge marked off by two grooves surrounding both discus and nozzle top, connected by channel with curved sides. Circular slightly raised band around central filling-hole. Rounded nozzle with burn marks. Base-ring marked off by two circular grooves. Large plain planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Broneer XXIX, group 3

Date: A.D. 550–650

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: None found; (close) Brants 1913, no. 1113, pl. 8 (Troy); Miltner 1937, no. 1329, pl. 7 (Ephesus); Bass and Van Doorninck 1982, p. 194, L11 (Yassi Ada); Bailey BM III, Q 3210, pl. 114 (Cnidus).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

III.C.b.45 Lamp of “Amorium” type

Popular in the northern Pontic area, this type, to which cat. 542 belongs, most probably originated in Asia Minor. It has recently been attested in Amorium (Turkey), where the excavators call it the “Amorium” type (Lightfoot 2003). Besides Turkey and South Russia the type is found also in Bulgaria. The lamp is characterized by a biconical body with a large rounded central part and two narrow protruding ends opposite one another—actually, handle and nozzle; large round filling-hole surrounded by a circular rim; vertical almost conical knob handle; and a long nozzle with a large oval wick-hole. On several examples a semicircular ridge marks off the nozzle top and the handle, separating them from the body. Flat slightly raised base. According to Chrzanovski and Zhuravlev 1998, the type started at the end of the third or the beginning of the fourth century A.D., was most intensively produced during the fourth century A.D., and late specimens were still made in the second half of the fifth and even the beginning of the sixth century A.D.

542

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.303

Dimensions: L: 8.0 cm; W: 5.2 cm; H: 2.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, glaze (only one broad vertical streak on top) 10YR4/2 dark grayish brown and 10YR4/6 dark yellowish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Handle is an almost-conical backward-leaning stump. Biconical deep body. Large central filling-hole surrounded by a ring. Long tapering upturned nozzle; two parallel curved grooves across the nozzle neck. Slightly raised base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: “Amorium”

Date: Fourth to mid-fifth century A.D. (the date given to a similar lamp, no. 83, in Chrzanovski and Zhuravlev 1998, p. 143)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: (Identical) Bernhard 1955, no. 354, pl. 106; Chrzanovski and Zhuravlev 1998, nos. 82–83 (Chersonesus); similar knob-handle frr. in Lightfoot 2003, pp. 33–34, nos. 103–5, pl. 3.21 and 3.40 (Amorium); (near) Stojkov 2001, nos. 1–3, pl. 3.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

III.C.b.46 Late Syrian lamps

These lamps have an elongated body; round-tipped nozzle with or without a broad channel; and a handle that may be pointed, broad and ribbed, or an ornament handle with a human or animal face or a geometric pattern. They belong to Kennedy type 20 = Dobbins (1977) type 21 = Hoff lampes à bec et anse symétriques. The type is attested in North Syria: the Homs region, Aleppo, and Antioch-on-the-Orontes.

Cat. 543 has a broad solid ribbed handle with four grooves, a typical feature of eastern Mediterranean lamps. The body is oval with a large filling-hole. A ridge surrounds both the discus and the wick-hole area. This lamp has parallels showing nearly the same ribbed handle: Lyon-Caen and Hoff 1986, no. 234 (Beirut region[?]); Bailey BM III, Q 2344 (donated by a British vice-consul in Aleppo); Rosenthal and Sivan 1978, no. 503; Waagé 1941, p. 77, no. 159, fig. 80 (Antioch-on-the-Orontes).

Cat. 544 has a single ridge surrounding both the filling-hole and the wick-hole, a bit similar to cat. 543. But like cats. 545–47, it has an ornament handle showing a female head in strong relief. Despite this common feature, these four lamps, which belong to the same type, show some slight differences among themselves. In cat. 545 the ridge, less accentuated than on cat. 544, is on the periphery of the lamp top. Cats. 545 and 546 have a flat top, while cat. 547 has a concave discus. Cats. 543–46 have circular base-rings, but cat. 547 has an oval base with an incuse planta pedis, a familiar workshop mark on lamps from Smyrna or Ephesus.

Close parallels to cats. 544–47 are given in Rey-Coquais 1964, p. 161, no. 44, pl. 10; Lyon-Caen and Hoff 1986, nos. 218–20 (purchased in Beirut); Bailey BM III, Q 2345–Q 2346 (Tyre[?]), pl. 61; Djuric 1995, nos. C 272–C 274; and Rosenthal and Sivan 1978, no. 501. A female head is not the only decor seen on the handles of these Syrian lamps; they can also show a lion’s head, a Greek cross, or various vegetal or geometrical designs. Three more lamps excavated in Salamis on Cyprus belong to the same type with the characteristic head handle (Oziol 1977, nos. 819–21, pl. 45).

In Antioch-on-the-Orontes these lamps are dated to the fifth and sixth centuries (Waagé 1941). A find of such lamps in catacombs in Homs (northern Syria), associated with Byzantine coins from Justinian to Heraclius, allows us to extend this time span to the mid-seventh century (Lyon-Caen and Hoff 1986, p. 141). Bailey suggests sixth to seventh century A.D.

543

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.384

Dimensions: L: 10.8 cm; W: 5.6 cm; H: 3.0 cm

Condition and Fabric: Repair on right shoulder, some infill. Burn marks on nozzle. Clay 5YR7/4 pink, mottled remains of glaze 2.5YR6/6 light red.

Description: Moldmade. Broad rectangular stump handle with five ridges on upper part, two on lower. Elongated body. Ridge surrounding both discus and nozzle top, leaving a straight broad channel connecting them. On outward-sloping shoulder a twisted cord on each side of the lamp from the handle to the beginning of the channel. Large central lipped filling-hole. At top of nozzle, a small raised dotted ring. Long channeled nozzle with rounded tip. Slightly raised base-ring marked off by one deep outer circular groove; within, a rosette of nine small dotted circles and an additional one in the center.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Circular beaded band surrounding filling-hole.

Type: Waagé 53

Date: Fifth to early sixth century A.D. (Waagé); sixth to seventh century A.D. (Bailey)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: Waagé 1941, p. 77, no. 159, fig. 80 (Antioch-on-the-Orontes); (close) Du Mesnil du Buisson 1966, p. 152, fig. 1.a (Homs, Syria); Fischer and Welling 1984, pp. 390–91, no. 52; Lyon-Caen and Hoff 1986, no. 234 (near Beirut); Bailey BM III, Q 2344, pl. 61 (Syria); Bussière and Rivel 2012, no. 328.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

544

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.325

Dimensions: L: 10.2 cm; W: 5.4 cm; H: 3.2 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Nozzle tip blackened by fire. Clay 5YR6/6 reddish yellow, unevenly preserved glaze 10R6/6 light red.

Description: Moldmade. Handle ornament in the shape of a human, probably female, head with elaborate hairdo, including locks at back. Elongated body. Distinct, raised ridge between upper and lower parts of lamp. Shoulder: band with a row of four small curved and striated motifs alternating with two small beads. Ridge surrounding both the large central filling-hole and the nozzle top, leaving a nearly straight channel connecting them; four small beads vertically arranged in the channel. Nozzle with rounded tip. Blurred raised base-ring; between it and handle, three parallel vertical lines.

Type: Dobbins 21

Date: Sixth to seventh century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: (Close) Lyon-Caen and Hoff 1986, p. 142, nos. 218–21, 227 (Homs region); Bailey BM III, Q 2345–Q 2346, pl. 61 (Tyre[?]); Djuric 1995, pp. 86–87, nos. C 272–C 274 (without place of manufacture or origin); Bussière and Rivel 2012, no. 320.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

545

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.551

Dimensions: L: 10.8 cm; W: 6.3 cm; H: 3.1 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay near 5YR7/6 reddish yellow, glaze 10R5/6 red.

Description: Moldmade. Ornament handle in the shape of a human head in pronounced relief, a woman, as shown by her hairdo. Oval basin whose two molded halves have been joined by a thick band of clay. Large central filling-hole edged by a circular lip. Around it, a band of geometrical patterns, angles, and dotted circles. Round-tipped nozzle integrated into the oval basin; burn marks. Two blurred concentric base-rings; in central area, a small dotted circle surrounded by a row of small beads.

Stamp:

Type: Dobbins 21

Date: Sixth or seventh century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Unknown

Parallels: (Close) Lyon-Caen and Hoff 1986, p. 142, nos. 218–21 and 227 (Homs region); Bailey BM III, Q 2345–Q 2346, pl. 61 (Tyre[?]); Djuric 1995, pp. 86–87, C 272–C 274 (without place of manufacture or origin); Bussière and Rivel 2012, no. 328.

Provenance: Before 1982, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); by 1982–1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Galerie Günter Puhze 1982, no. 274.

546

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.539

Dimensions: L: 9.5 cm; W: 5.2 cm; H: 2.7 cm, (with handle) 4.2 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Burn marks on nozzle. Coarse clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, a few traces of glaze 2.5YR6/6 reddish yellow.

Description: Moldmade. Ornament handle integrated into the oval body of the lamp; its front side has a human face in low relief; its back side has two vertical lines of notches, most with a bead inside. Central filling-hole. Rounded nozzle likewise integrated into body. Raised base-ring marked off by one deep circular outer groove.

Discus Iconography: Double row of notches around filling-hole.

Type: Dobbins 21

Date: Sixth or seventh century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Unknown

Parallels: (Close) Lyon-Caen and Hoff 1986, p. 142, nos. 218–21 and 227 (Homs region); Bailey BM III, Q 2345–Q 2346, pl. 61 (Tyre[?]); Djuric 1995, pp. 86–87, nos. C 272–C 274 (without place of manufacture or origin).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

547

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.299

Dimensions: L: 9.4 cm; W: 4.1 cm; H: 2.2 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10R6/6 light red, glaze 10R5/6 red.

Description: Moldmade. Triangular ornament handle in the shape of a human head, two median ridges on back, bending outward at bottom. Oval elongated body. Two ribbed leaves in relief on each shoulder and one between discus and nozzle. Small concave discus surrounded by a ridge between two grooves. Central filling-hole. Nozzle with rounded tip and flat plate surrounding wick-hole. Incised lines underneath nozzle. Tear-shaped raised base-ring. Plain planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Dobbins 21(?)

Date: Sixth to seventh century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: (Close) Lyon-Caen and Hoff 1986, p. 142, nos. 218–21 and 227 (Homs region); Bailey BM III, Q 2345–Q 2346, pl. 61 (Tyre[?]).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

III.C.b.47 Late Palestinian circular lamps

Cats. 548–49, purchased in Asia Minor, have a circular biconical body. The top of cat. 548 is surmounted by a conical dome, pierced by a large central filling-hole surrounded by a ridge. Between this dome and the high outer rim of the lamp is a flat shoulder with a Greek inscription in relief capital letters. The top of cat. 549 is nearly flat, pierced by a large central lipped filling-hole. Its narrow outward-sloping shoulder is decorated with a row of beads and has a large geometrically decorated discus. Both lamps have a knob handle; on cat. 548 it is placed on the exterior of the rim; on cat. 549 on the upper part of the discus. Each lamp has a small round wick-hole on the side opposite the knob handle. The bases are set off by a raised ring. Despite important differences, the two lamps do belong to the same formal type (circular shape and conical knob): Kennedy type 28 = Bagatti type 3, of which they are variants. Published examples assert their eastern place of manufacture or origin (Syria and Palestine); for cat. 548, see DACL 8, col. 1198, no. 1241, fig. 6721; Kennedy 1963, no. 218, pl. 30; Bagatti 1964, p. 263, nos. 6–14, fig. 2; Rosenthal and Sivan 1978, p. 142, no. 580; Israeli and Avida 1988, p. 172, no. 488; Hübinger 1993, no. 243, pl. 30; Djuric 1995, p. 80, C 248; Loffreda 1989, pp. 124–25, no. 661; Loffreda 1990, pp. 487–88, fig. 5.23. Their iconography, however, is different: the inscription of a Christian eulogy on cat. 548 testifies to a Byzantine link; but the abstract, simple decor of cat. 549 points rather to early Islamic inspiration: see the simple, mostly abstract, decorative vocabulary of, for instance, Trost and Hellmann 1996, no. 210, fig. 31 (branches, squares); Rosenthal and Sivan 1978, nos. 570–73 (branches); Bagatti 1964, no. 11, fig. 3 (top and bottom); Loffreda 1989, for instance, p. 494, nos. 37–49 (slipper lamps). Both cats. 548 and 549 belong in an east Mediterranean tradition of the seventh and eighth centuries.

It is interesting to note that the general shape of cat. 548 is not far from the shape of African lamps of type Atlante XVI. This type has been dated in Carthage from the second half of the fifth to the sixth century A.D. and perhaps later (Bussière 2000, p. 128). Bonifay alludes to a possible relationship between the two types, and, quoting Orssaud and Sodini 1997, he suggests that the eastern Syrian-Palestinian type might have influenced the African type (Bonifay 2004a, p. 429). But if, in fact, the chronology attributed to the eastern type (sixth to eighth century A.D.) is reliable, the contrary hypothesis would be more logical, considering that the type in North Africa started earlier. During the fifth and sixth centuries imported African lamps, made in Terra Sigillata Africana (types Hayes I and II), were imitated in the eastern Mediterranean. That could have been the case for lamps of this type too.

548

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.326

Dimensions: Diam: 8.3 cm; H: 3.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: Broken knob handle; several thin cracks near nozzle and on discus; basin flaked in some parts. Burn marks around both wick-hole and filling-hole. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, slip 5YR7/3 pink.

Description: Moldmade. Circular biconical body. Top surmounted by a conical dome pierced by a large central filling-hole surrounded by one groove. Between dome and rim of lamp, flat shoulder with Greek inscription in relief capital letters; clockwise from wick-hole: ΕΥΛΟΓΙΑΤΗCΘΕΟΤΟΚYΜΗ[ . . . . ] ΙΓΡΑΜΑ. No defined nozzle, merely a wick-hole on the discus close to the rim opposite the stump handle. Ridge surrounding a flat circular base.

Type: Bagatti 3; Kennedy 28; Loffreda C 2.4

Date: Seventh to eighth century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: See discussion below.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

Discussion:
The full version of the Greek reads in translation: “Blessing of the Mother of God be with us,” followed by “Inscription of John” (whose identity remains unknown, Kennedy 1963, p. 94; less likely the potter, as suggested by Bagatti 1964, p. 268, and by Loffreda 1989, p. 125). The peculiar shape of the rarer lamp (type a), represented by the Getty example and its parallels, necessitated a compressed formula. A clear epigraphic analysis of both versions is found in Loffreda 1989, pp. 124–25, and Loffreda 1990, pp. 487–88. All the lamps derive from the eastern Mediterranean, specifically Palestine and Syria; the suggested date varies from fifth to eighth century; we have adopted the later period, proposed by the majority of authors: seventh to eighth century A.D.

The inscription is well known and occurs in several variations. The Getty version is incomplete, partly contracted, and missing four letters due to a smudge. Two distinct types of lamps carry the essence of this inscription:

a. The Getty lamp and an identical one in Rosenthal and Sivan 1978, p. 142, no. 580, where, however, no letters are smudged; and Loffreda 1989, pp. 124–25, no. 661; the same lamp is discussed in Loffreda 1990, p. 487, fig. 5.23: peculiar orthography identical to this lamp, including iota instead of ypsilon (ΕΥΛΟΓΙΑ), a single ypsilon replacing iota/ypsilon (end of ΘΕΟΤΟΚY), same contraction (for MEΘHMΩΝ); however, cat. 548 has a full theta (ΘΕΟΤΟΚY), not replaced by an omicron, as in Loffreda.

b. A flatter lamp type with two concentric rows of letters, leaving enough space for the full inscription. There are many examples of this version, for instance, Kennedy 1963, no. 818, pl. 30; Bagatti 1964, pp. 266–68, nos. 11 and 12 (the inscription moves in opposite directions on the two lamps); Zouhdi 1974, no. 7; Rosenthal and Sivan 1978, p. 142, no. 581; Israeli and Avida 1988, p. 172, no. 488; Loffreda 1989, p. 125, no. 437; Loffreda 1990, pp. 487–88, fig. 5.24; Hübinger 1993, p. 127, no. 243, pl. 30 (most of these with further refs.); Djuric 1995, p. 80, no. C 247: the text in the outer circle partly perforated by six additional wick-holes; C 248 carries a partially different inscription; Bussière and Rivel 2012, no. 346.

549

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.389

Dimensions: Diam: 8.0–8.1 cm; H: 3.1 cm

Condition and Fabric: Portion of left side of basin rim missing; slight crack on right side. Burn marks at wick-hole. Clay between 5YR7/4 pink and 5YR6/4 light reddish brown, slip 7.5YR7/3 pink.

Description: Moldmade. Small vertical conical knob handle on upper side of discus. Circular biconical body. Narrow outward-sloping shoulder with a row of notches. Circular ridge separating shoulder from slightly concave discus; zigzag-pattern running along inner side of this ridge. Central large-lipped filling-hole. No distinct nozzle, only a round wick-hole at the edge of the discus, flanked by two small rings. Raised base-ring; within, a rosette with eight pointed petals.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Square frame composed of four twisted cords with a bead at each corner; vertical branch outside left and right sides of frame.

Type: Bagatti 3; Kennedy 28

Date: Seventh to eighth century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: None exact, but affinities should be sought among early Islamic lamps with abstract pattern of relief decor; see, e.g., Bagatti 1964, no. 11, fig. 3; Rosenthal and Sivan 1978, p. 141, nos. 578–79 (bases only); Trost and Hellmann 1996, nos. 210–11 (patterns only); Bussière and Rivel 2012, p. 290, no. 345 (discus close).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

III.C.b.48 Early Islamic lamps

Cats. 550–51, purchased in Syria, have in common a carinated oval body, large filling-hole surrounded by a ridge, and a conical stub handle. And yet they differ slightly: cat. 550 has an almond-shaped body, while the larger body of cat. 551 is merely ovoid. Cat. 551 has a nozzle channel, while cat. 550 has an almond-shaped ridge that extends onto the nozzle and around the wick-hole. On cat. 550 the base is almond-shaped, but cat. 551 has a raised circular ring making a foot. The position of the stub handle differs: on cat. 550 it is placed on the oval ridge, on cat. 551 on the lamp shoulder.

A close parallel to cat. 551 is Bailey BM III, Q 2328, pl. 60, of a type that he suggests developed in the early Islamic Ummayad period. As for cat. 550, its green vitreous glaze is typical of Islamic pottery. The difficulty in classifying these Islamic lamps, as Rosenthal and Sivan 1978 (p. 129) point out, comes from the interdependence of early Islamic pottery and lamp production with the late Byzantine ceramic tradition, out of which it developed. This is seen in the oval shape of the lamps as well as in the decorative repertory, including a channel on the nozzle; both conical and tongue handles are also anticipated in the Byzantine lamp tradition (Rosenthal and Sivan 1978, pp. 128–29). Excavations at Khirbat al-Mafjar near Jericho, Ramleh, Pella, Beth Shearim in Palestine, Antioch-on-the-Orontes, and Fustat, as well as the studies of Day and Bagatti, are relevant for dating Islamic lamps (Rosenthal and Sivan 1978, p. 130).

The authors conclude that “we can only arrive at a general date for these [Islamic] lamps, ranging from the sixth to the eleventh centuries A.D., . . . [but] the sixth-century date proposed by Waagé [Antioch-on-the-Orontes] is too early although the lamps flourished in the seventh-eighth centuries. . . . The longevity of the type can be seen at Fustat, where it is well attested until the tenth century A.D., but only sparsely in the eleventh century, at which time other lamp types had already made their appearance” (Rosenthal and Sivan 1978, p. 130). Other dating suggestions include Fellmann 1975: from the beginning of the fifth until the eighth century; and Bailey BM III: seventh and eighth centuries A.D.

550

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.454

Dimensions: L: 9.0 cm; W: 6.0 cm; H: 3.1 cm

Condition and Fabric: Several surface chips. Clay 10YR7/4 very pale brown, vitreous glaze closest to GLEY 1 5G 5/2 grayish green (although of a warmer tone than found in the scale).

Description: Moldmade. Vertical conical knob handle. Almond-shaped body. From handle to nozzle, an almond-shaped ridge marked off by two grooves separates the striated shoulder from the discus area and encompasses a small wick-hole. Large central filling-hole edged by a raised ring. Nozzle at pointed end of the body. Almond-shaped raised base-ring; within, three long vertical parallel ridges.

Discus Iconography: The area between the filling-hole and the wick-hole has four raised V-shaped ridges.

Type: Waagé 56 (Antioch-on-the-Orontes); Fellmann 1975 group I, almond-shape type (Palmyra); Kennedy 23

Date: Early Islamic Ummayad period, seventh to eighth century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Syria

Parallels: Waagé 1934, no. 1843, pl. 12; Waagé 1941, type 56, nos. 172–74, fig. 81; Bernhard 1955, nos. 389–91, pls. 119–21; Fellmann 1975, p. 47, no. 66, pl. 6.1 (Palmyra); Fischer and Welling 1984, no. 55, pl. 6.1.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

551

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.453

Dimensions: L: 9.8 cm; W: 7.5 cm; H: 4.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR8/4 pink, same color slip; reddish soil incrustations.

Description: Moldmade. Vertical conical knob handle. Biconical slightly oval body with thin raised circular ring at midheight of lower half. Rising shoulder with a wide band marked off by thin ridges: two in the inner part with dots between them; two in the outer part with an irregular small zigzag-pattern between them. The shoulder-band is decorated with large zigzag-patterns, each consisting of three parallel raised lines. On the band section, flanking the handle, are numerous small horizontal raised lines with dots between them. Wide filling-hole with a raised collar surrounded by a deep groove. Nozzle channel with high vertical walls connecting groove around filling-hole to wick-hole; in this channel are two raised parallel lines. Raised circular foot, resting on base-ring; sunken area inside base decorated with irregular star-like pattern(?); raised button in center.

Stamp:

Type: Kennedy 23 group B

Date: Early Islamic Ummayad period, seventh and eighth centuries A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Syria

Parallels: None as elaborate. With related patterns: Bernhard 1955, no. 345, pl. 101; Crowfoot 1957, p. 375, fig. 89.9 (Samaria/Sebaste); Kennedy 1963, nos. 778 and 785, pl. 29 (Palestine); Avigad 1976, nos. 9–52, pl. 71 (Beth Shearim, Palestine); Selesnow 1988, pls. 50–52, nos. 388–99 (Syria, Palestine); Bailey BM III, Q 2328–Q 2329, pl. 60 (Syria, Palestine); Hübinger 1993, nos. 299–300, pl. 35.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

III.D Miscellaneous Lamps from Asia Minor

None of the six lamps cats. 552–57 has an identical parallel in the literature at our disposal; three have close or near parallels in Bailey BM III (cats. 552–54, from Asia Minor). The types of the other three have so far not been recorded in major lamp catalogues. Several features attest to the eastern origin of the Getty lamps, purchased in Asia Minor: first, the peculiar shapes of their body, low rounded (cats. 552–53), squat and deeply carinated (cat. 554), or deep biconvex (cats. 555–57); second, the unusual shape of their nozzle, upturned (cats. 552, 554–56), tubular (cats. 552–54), with a peculiar oval wick-hole (cats. 552–53), and most times surrounded by a flat rim (cats. 552–56); third, the large diameter of their filling-hole (cats. 552–54, 556); and, last, the color of their clay and glaze—red orange or brown—often seen on lamps from Asia Minor.

Cats. 555–56 have what could be called residual volutes placed near the nozzle, only on the lower part of the basin. On Italic and African lamps, nozzle volutes with well-marked knobs—a characteristic of Loeschcke types I, III, IV, and V (semivolutes)—are exceptional on lamps of Loeschcke type VIII. The presence on cats. 555–56 of these odd side-volutes, together with the special shape of their upturned nozzles, has prevented us from classifying these two lamps among our section 43, eastern variants of Loeschcke type VIII.

The date of these odd eastern Mediterranean lamps without known archaeological contexts is problematic. Taking into account the chronology assigned to the three near-parallels found in Bailey BM III, a date in the second century A.D. for cats. 552–56 seems possible. Based on its Christian Greek inscription, cat. 557 can be dated fourth–sixth century A.D.

552

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.474

Dimensions: L: 12.2 cm; W: 8.8 cm; H: 4.0 cm

Condition and Fabric: Small chips on base and lower part of basin; lower left corner of handle palmette broken off. Clay 2.5YR6/6 light red, fine shiny glaze 10R5/6 red, covering mostly the upper part of the basin.

Description: Wheelmade. Handmolded applied ornament handle decorated with volutes and palmette. Low rounded body. Sunken area around filling-hole. Applied upturned short tubular nozzle; oval wick-hole with flat rim. Flat base surrounded by a ridge.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Type not recorded

Date: Probably second century A.D. (date attributed to Bailey’s Q 3335)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: (Very close) Bailey BM III, Q 3335, pl. 125, same orange red slip (underbody reserved), supposed to come from a workshop in Asia Minor.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

553

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.547

Dimensions: L: 12.1 cm; W: 8.3 cm; H: 6.0 cm

Condition and Fabric: Chips on right side of basin and around nozzle, some scratches. Clay 5YR6/6 reddish yellow, glaze 2.5YR5/4 red, unevenly applied, base unglazed; applied handle and nozzle molded separately.

Description: Wheelmade. Handle ornament in the shape of a triangular leaf; no ring behind. Carination at low point of body. Curved band of clay added on each side of lamp top before firing. Sunken area around filling-hole. Applied short nearly tubular nozzle with a large oval wick-hole. Raised unglazed base with string marks.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Type not recorded

Date: Second century A.D.(?) (date attributed to Bailey’s Q 3335)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Unknown

Parallels: None found; (near) Bailey BM III, Q 3335, pl. 125.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

554

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.455

Dimensions: L: 11.1 cm; W: 9.2 cm; H: 2.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10R6/6 light red, uneven glaze mostly 2.5YR5/6 red.

Description: Wheelmade. Applied ribbon handle with heart-shaped cross-band. Squat deep carinated body. Ridge marked off by two grooves surrounding the filling-hole. Short applied upturned tubular nozzle with large oval wick-hole. Flat base with thin circular ridge; string marks.

Type: Type not recorded

Date: Second century A.D.(?) (date given to Bailey’s Q 3337).

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Central Anatolia

Parallels: None found. Handle similar to Bailey BM III, Q 3337, pl. 125, supposed to have been made in the Greek East.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

555

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.226

Dimensions: L: 8.3 cm; W: 5.2 cm; H: 2.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay near 5YR7/4 pink, worn traces of light glaze 10R6/6 light red and grayish incrustation.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with three grooves on upper part. Deep biconvex body; on lower convex part of basin, at midheight of lamp on either side of nozzle, volute not connected to nozzle; on upper convex part of basin, curved line in relief on each side of handle base. Slightly concave discus surrounded by two ridges, exterior one wider than interior one. Small central filling-hole. Air hole in lower field. Tubular upturned nozzle with burn marks. Large flat base marked off by one circular groove.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Type not recorded

Date: Second century A.D.(?)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

556

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.283

Dimensions: L: 7.5 cm; W: 5.2 cm; H: 2.9 cm

Condition and Fabric: Small hole above cracked nozzle; area around nozzle and lower left lamp surface chipped. Clay 5YR6/3 pale red, glaze 2.5YR5/6 red.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with three grooves on upper part, one on lower, which is flanked by two grooves; handle ending in V-shaped incision near base. Biconvex body. Convex upper part pierced by a large central lipped filling-hole. Round nozzle slightly upturned with raised wick-hole area. Base marked off by one circular groove; small dotted circle in center.

Discus Iconography: Sixteen narrow petals forming a strongly outward-sloping rosette around the filling-hole.

Type: Type not recorded

Date: Second century A.D.(?)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Southern Anatolia

Parallels: None found. Bailey BM I, p. 70, no. 6/10, pl. 27 ( = BM III, Q 2739, pl. 83, broken off from a lampstand), has a similar shoulder decor of long tongues in relief. However, its nozzle is not as upturned and does not have a raised wick-hole area. From its vestigial nozzle volutes near Loeschcke type V, Bailey dates it to about A.D. 70–120. We mention this lamp because its secure origin (Cnidus) and the orange color of its clay and slip confirm the eastern place of manufacture or origin of this lamp, possibly Cnidus too.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

557

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.327

Dimensions: L: 11.6 cm; W: 6.6 cm; H: 3.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Slightly chipped. Clay near 5YR7/4 pink, glaze mostly 5YR6/6 yellowish red.

Description: Moldmade. Globular body with four horizontal lines painted a darker brownish color. Thick ring handle, slightly askew, with thin central ridge on both upper and lower parts. Upper part of basin bears a Greek inscription in relief letters, divided by the nozzle: ΦENIΠACIN / ΦΩCXPICTO (Christ’s light shines for all). Thick ridge marked off by two grooves, encircling slightly concave discus. Central filling-hole. Nozzle lower than discus ridge, surrounded by a ridge forming a channel with curved sides. Raised circular rounded base-ring.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Type not recorded

Date: Fourth to fifth century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

III.E Multinozzled Lamps

With two exceptions—cats. 558 and 560—the following lamps cannot be securely related to types recorded in the consulted literature. The presence of several nozzles is an artificial but practical criterion of presentation. However, in this catalogue, when multinozzled lamps belong to a known recorded type, they are catalogued within that type, as, for example, cats. 157–58 of Loeschcke type III.

Cat. 558, purchased in Asia Minor, belongs to Bruneau type XV,1 lampes moulées à plusieurs becs rangés en ligne. However, its light beige yellowish clay is not the dominant color of the Delos lamps. Apart from Bruneau’s no. 4450, pl. 26, two other parallels are given in Macalister 1912, p. 219, fig. 369 (Gezer), and Heres 1969, no. 214, pl. 22. Date according to Bruneau: Second half of second to beginning of first century B.C.

Many factors point to a Hellenistic origin for cat. 559: the shape of its oval nozzles, whose wick-hole areas are surrounded by a ridge; its rather big filling-hole with a lip; the two Cupids in relief; and its gray clay. It has some morphological similarity with Bruneau’s three-nozzled lamps (Bruneau 1965, nos. 4418 and 4428, pl. 26), which he presumes probably to be imported from a workshop in Asia Minor. This opinion was suggested by Heres’s lamp no. 211 from Smyrna, which lacks an ornament handle, but has a similar general shape (Heres 1969, p. 61, pl. 21). Date: second half of second to beginning of first century B.C.(?).

Cat. 560, purchased in Asia Minor, belongs to Bisi Ingrassia type VII B or Bailey type H, a rare form; in Herculaneum it is attested by only one example. This type is characterized by a rather long nozzle without volutes, a flat oval wick-hole area, and an early round-tipped nozzle tending to be heart-shaped. Date: second half of first century A.D.

With its shoulder-volutes (also called semivolutes), cat. 561, purchased in Italy, cannot appropriately be classified in Loeschcke type III ( = Broneer type XXI = Deneauve type V B = Bailey type D = Leibundgut forms X–XI), whose examples all have double-volutes. It is closer to Loeschcke type V and Deneauve type V C, again on the basis of the shoulder-volutes. It is a rare transitional form for which no comparanda have been found. Date: second half of first century A.D.

Cats. 562–63, purchased in Asia Minor, each has five nozzles with a flat oval wick-hole area decorated with semivolutes whose knobs are tangent to the discus. Because of the unusual form of these volutes, they cannot be classified as Loeschcke type III or V. Both lamps have a crescent-shaped ornament handle. Date: second half of first century A.D.(?).

Menzel publishes an example practically identical to cat. 564 (Menzel 1969, p. 74, no. 491, fig. 59, from Friedberg, Germany). Its particular base with several raised rings is not uncommon on Pannonian lamps, as shown by Menzel lamp no. 487; in addition, Menzel no. 487 and cat. 564 share the same twisted ridge surrounding the nozzles and separating them from the discus (Menzel 1969, p. 72, nos. 485–87, fig. 56.5 and .7). Menzel attributes his lamps nos. 485–87 to Iványi’s type VIII. He may be right, but we must remember that none of the Pannonian lamps illustrated in Iványi (Iványi 1935, pls. 29–31) shows such channeled nozzles as on cat. 564. We will nevertheless keep the date proposed by Iványi: second to third century A.D.

No parallel has been found for cat. 568, purchased in Asia Minor. A similar decor of grapes and tendrils may occur on late Ephesus lamps, although no close parallel exists in Miltner 1937. Without comparanda its date is problematic: fourth to fifth century A.D.(?).

Nor have parallels been found for cats. 565–66, both with two nozzles (the former, from Asia Minor, equipped with a solid handle; the latter, purchased in Cologne, Germany, with a pierced handle), nor for cat. 567, purchased in Cologne, with three nozzles and a pierced ring handle. Cats. 566–67 seem to come from the same production area, possibly Pannonia(?). Tentative date: second to third century A.D.(?).

558

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.522

Dimensions: L: (to nozzle) 5.8 cm, (to handle) 8.2 cm; W: 12.4 cm; H: 2.4 cm

Condition and Fabric: Restored in several areas; heavily overpainted. Clay 10YR8/3 very pale brown, slip 10YR6/2 light brownish gray.

Description: Moldmade. Ribbon handle with deep central groove between two thinner grooves on upper part, median groove only on lower part. Long rectangular body edged by two ridges; two shorter sides end in a triangle with double-pointed tip; inner triangular area decorated with palmette; five lamp sections regularly spaced within this frame; each section has a domed area, the outside of which shows a rosette ring with pointed petals; three lamp sections—the central one and two exterior ones—have no pierced filling-holes. All sections have a raised ring around filling-hole, whether pierced or not. Medium-sized nozzles protruding; their top areas decorated with three parallel longitudinal ridges. Rectangular base with long sunken area.

Type: Bruneau XV, lampes moulées à plusieurs becs rangés en ligne, 1. Lampes ornées de rosettes

Date: Second half of second to early first century B.C.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: Macalister 1912, p. 219, fig. 369 (Gezer); close but with some differences: Smith 1964, p. 115, fig. 11; Bruneau 1965, no. 4450, pl. 26; Heres 1969, no. 214, pl. 22; Selesnow 1988, no. 67, pl. 10.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

559

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.438.460

Dimensions: L: 15.1 cm; W: 14.6 cm; H: 3.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Restored and overpainted on lower part. Clay 5YR7/4 pink, unevenly applied glaze between 5YR5/1 gray and 5YR4/1 dark gray.

Description: Moldmade. Ornament handle with female bust with elaborate hairdo; her left hand is holding a harp, her right striking the cords. Central filling-hole with lip. Three tubular nozzles arranged on perpendicular and horizontal axes; wick-holes surrounded by lip. On each side of shoulder of the lower nozzle, face and wings of relief Cupid. Blurred base-ring with concave interior.

Type: Type not recorded

Date: Second half of second to early first century B.C.(?)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: None found. Some morphological similarity with Bruneau’s three-nozzle lamps (Bruneau 1965, pl. 26).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

560

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.482

Dimensions: L: 12.8 cm; W: 14.4 cm; H: 3.0 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Burn marks at nozzles. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, varying glaze: 2.5YR6/4 light reddish brown (top), 2.5YR5/6 red (bottom).

Description: Moldmade. Crescent ornament handle with sunken crescent within; ring behind. Flat shoulder, separated from sunken flat-bottomed discus by a molding marked off by three descending grooves. Central filling-hole. Six medium-sized nozzles with rounded tips and flat oval raised wick-hole areas. Air hole in front of each nozzle on the shoulder; burn marks on two nozzles. Raised slightly concave base marked off by a groove. Incuse plain planta pedis.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Bisi Ingrassia VII B; Bailey H

Date: Second half of first century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: Bisi Ingrassia 1977, pl. 46.3 (Herculaneum); Antichità di Ercolano 1757–92, vol. 6, pl. 9, fig. 4; same type with five nozzles: Menzel 1969, p. 29, fig. 26,1; Seidel 2002, no. 33.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

561

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.483

Dimensions: L: 10.7 cm; W: 10.4 cm; H: 2.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, glaze 5YR4/1 dark gray.

Description: Moldmade. Crescent ornament handle with ring behind; globular tips of crescent. Outward-sloping shoulder, separated from sunken flat-bottomed discus by two ridges, outer one large and inward sloping. Filling-hole in center. Air hole toward nozzle. Three slender round-tipped nozzles, each flanked by two single volutes. Base-ring marked off by one groove, central part sunken.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Deneauve V B

Date: Second half of first century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Italy

Parallels: None found; (near) Deneauve 1969, p. 146, no. 552, pl. 62.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

562

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.480

Dimensions: L: 13.0 cm; W: (basin) 6.2 cm, (nozzles) 7.3 cm; H: 2.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 2.5YR6/8 light red, uneven glaze near 2.5YR6/4 light reddish brown, with substantial dark areas: sediments.

Description: Moldmade. Crescent ornament handle with incised crescent within, ring behind. Flat shoulder: Loeschcke form III a var.(?). Deep inward-sloping discus divided into two parts separated by a ring: outer area with rosette; inner flat disc with central filling-hole. Five long nozzles joined to one another, each with a circular raised area on flat top and single volutes, partially rendered. One volute-spine on each side of this uncommon grouping of five nozzles. Raised base-ring marked off by two circular grooves.

Discus Iconography: Rosette of twenty-three petals.

Type: Loeschcke III var.

Date: Second half of first century A.D.(?)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Southern Anatolia

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

563

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.493

Dimensions: L: 14.2 cm; W: 8.8 cm; H: 2.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Thin crack on right part of discus; heavily overpainted. Burn marks on nozzle. Clay 10YR7/3 very pale brown, a few traces of original glaze 10YR5/4 yellowish brown, overpaint near 10YR5/1 gray.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Crescent ornament handle with incised crescent within, no ring behind. Flat rectangular body with small voluted ear on each side; decorated area within frame consisting of an outer flat-topped ridge and an inner inward-sloping ridge. Two symmetrically placed filling-holes. Five long round-tipped volute-nozzles with sides joined, each with a circular raised area on flat top and single volutes, partially rendered; one volute-spine on each side of this uncommon grouping of nozzles. Flat base indistinctly marked.

Discus Iconography: Hecate, flanked by two dogs, lifting her six arms and holding torches in her six hands; lunar crescent on her head.

Type: Type not recorded

Date: Second half of first century A.D.(?)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: None found. For Hecate alone, cf. LIMC 6.2, p. 671, no. 238 (with four arms), s.v. Hekate, and p. 672, nos. 295 and 308 (with six arms and three heads), s.v. Hekate.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

564

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.470

Dimensions: L: 9.2 cm; W: 5.2 cm; H: 3.2 cm

Condition and Fabric: Right tip of crescent handle misshaped; left tip broken off and repaired. Clay 10YR8/2 white, faint traces of slip 7.5YR6/3 light brown.

Description: Moldmade. Plain crescent ornament handle. Thick ridge, striated around nozzles, surrounding both them and discus. Flat-topped ring on flat discus marked off by two grooves. Much larger raised ring around central filling-hole. Raised rounded base-ring with two inner rings of equal width. Handle underside connected to the base by a ridge.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Iványi IV

Date: Second to third century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Cologne (Germany)

Parallels: (Very close) Menzel 1969, p. 74, no. 491, fig. 59 (from Friedberg, Germany); (close) Menzel 1969, p. 72, nos. 485–87, fig. 56.5 and .7, especially no. 487, which has the same twisted ridge surrounding the nozzles and separating them from the discus; Alicu 2006, pl. 2, no. 39, also no. 785, pl. 16, for the same twisted ridge (Sarmizegetusa).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

565

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.301

Dimensions: L: 6.8 cm; W: 4.7 cm; H: 1.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Burn marks at nozzles. Clay near 5YR6/6 reddish yellow, same color slip.

Description: Moldmade. Sloppily made and worn. Solid round vertical uneven handle with two grooves on upper part. Rounded shoulder with a row of dots between two thin grooves. Convex ridge surrounding slightly concave discus. Central filling-hole. Two short rounded nozzles. Flat base not clearly defined.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Iványi VIII

Date: Second to third century A.D.(?)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: None found; (near) Iványi 1935, p. 92, no. 796, pl. 31.4.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

566

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.434

Dimensions: L: 7.2 cm; W: 4.5 cm; H: 2.4 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact; some overpaint. Clay near 7.5YR6/4 light brown, same color slip; burned dark in spots.

Description: Moldmade, from worn mold. Sloppily made. Round pierced thick vertical handle with blurred central groove on upper part. Raised edge surrounding both discus and nozzles. Large central filling-hole. Two short rounded nozzles. Flat base not clearly defined.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Iványi VIII

Date: Second to third century A.D.(?)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Cologne (Germany)

Parallels: None found; (near) Iványi 1935 p. 92, no. 796, pl. 31.4.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

567

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.433

Dimensions: L: 6.8 cm; W: 4.6 cm; H: 2.4 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR8/3 very pale brown, flaked glaze 2.5YR4/0 dark gray.

Description: Moldmade, from worn mold. Round pierced thick vertical handle with median groove on both parts. Raised edge surrounding both discus and nozzles. Slightly sunken discus. Large central filling-hole. Three short rounded nozzles with vaguely indicated nozzle plates. Raised base-ring marked off by two circular grooves.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Alicu VI A

Date: Second to third century A.D.(?)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Cologne (Germany)

Parallels: Menzel 1969, p. 72, nos. 485–86, fig. 56 (Pannonia); Mlasowsky 1993, p. 433, no. 428 (Pannonia); Alicu 2006, p. 84, no. 102 (Sarmizegetusa).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

568

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.324

Dimensions: L: 10.3 cm; W: (center) 7 cm, (nozzles) 7.5 cm; H: 3.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Long crack at joint of upper and lower parts; thin cracks on handle back. Clay 5YR7/4 pink, glaze 2.5YR5/6 red, with many small black particles.

Description: Moldmade. Biconvex body. Triangular handle ornament not clearly detached from lamp body; handle has four oblique lines, framed by four globules and additional short lines above; incuse branch-pattern on back. Large central filling-hole surrounded by a raised ring. Three rounded nozzles barely detached from the lamp body. Base-ring marked off by two worn grooves; interior filled with unclear dots.

Discus Iconography: Grapes, tendrils, and globules in pronounced relief

Type: Type not found

Date: Fourth to fifth century A.D.(?)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

III.F One-ring Suspension Lamps

A suspension device applied to a medium-sized lamp (about 8–10 cm long) is apparently absent among early Greek and Hellenistic lamps, although some large ring lamps (also called corona lamps) might have been suspended instead of being placed on stands or on pieces of furniture (see cat. 573). Early corona lamps are rarely found intact, and the presence of suspension rings on them is not always discernible. The device was often used on bronze lamps, and most such examples have three suspension rings because of their weight.

The one-ring suspension device is usually absent among volute-lamps of Loeschcke types I, II, III, V, and VIII; there are, however, a few exceptions, for instance, Bailey BM II, Q 955, pl. 20 (Loeschcke III); and Menzel 1969, p. 130, fig. 130 (a two-nozzled lamp related to Loeschcke type VIII). One-ring suspensions became popular with Firmalampen; see, for instance, Buchi 1975, nos. 374, 383–84, 602, 1167, 1536, 1587, 1593, 1598, and 1601–2 (the last two in bronze). Later clay lamps could be equipped with three suspension rings, for instance, Bussière 2000, no. 7182, pl. 144; nos. 7185–89, pl. 146; and no. 7203, pl. 148. Some plastic lamps may also be equipped with one or three suspension rings. Some could only be suspended (cat. 592, cat. 609), and some could have been either suspended or placed on a flat surface (cats. 593, 605–6). For this reason we prefer to classify them among the plastic or figurine lamps (see section I b. Plastic lamps, before cat. 586).

Cats. 569–70 are variant forms of the canonic Firmalampen, whose shoulder-panels they have kept. The peculiar nozzle shape of cat. 569, whose place of manufacture or origin is unknown, relates it to Bussière form C VII 1 c, a shape locally produced near Sétif, Algeria (Bussière 2000, p. 85, nos. 802–5). Cat. 570, purchased in Cologne, Germany, has an exact parallel in the Bonn University Museum, dated ca. A.D. 100–150 (Hübinger 1993, pp. 101–2, no. 185, pl. 24). No comparanda have been found for cat. 571, purchased in Cologne, Germany, nor for cat. 572, which both have their two nozzles on opposite ends, thus the dating is cautious: second to third century A.D.(?). Taking the Algerian examples into account, an earlier date is suggested for cat. 569: end of the first to the beginning of the second century A.D.

569

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.256

Dimensions: L: 8.8 cm; W: 6.5 cm; H: 2.8 cm, (with loop) 4.4 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, mottled worn glaze 5YR5/3 reddish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Central ring handle for suspension with two grooves. Outward-sloping shoulder with a row of closely spaced rays, separated from discus by a circular ridge marked off by an outer groove. Three raised shoulder-lugs, two symmetrically placed on near-median horizontal line, the third at the upper end, opposite nozzle. Two filling-holes, flanking central handle. Protruding rounded nozzle; flat wick area surrounded by a ridge. Between nozzle top and edge of discus is a crude mask(?) surrounded by a semicircular radiated ridge. Flat slightly raised base-ring marked off by two circular grooves.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Bussière F IV 1/C VII c

Date: Flavian to Trajanic(?)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: None found. For the shape of the nozzle top only, see Bussière 2000, no. 802, pl. 49; Wilmet 2003, fig. 5, pl. 134.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

570

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.443

Dimensions: L: 7.9 cm; W: 5.5 cm; H: 5.0 cm

Condition and Fabric: Thin crack on nozzle; ring handle restored and overpainted. Burn marks at nozzle. Clay 7.5YR8/4 pink, uneven worn glaze between 2.5YR6/6 light red and 2.5YR5/6 red, with a few areas burned dark.

Description: Moldmade. Deep body with strongly convex top. Plain central suspension-ring handle. Narrow raised edge surrounding the top including the nozzle; three raised lugs evenly spaced on edge. Top decorated with a continuous row of fourteen radiating relief rectangles. Two equal filling-holes, one on each side of the handle. Two parallel ridges on top of nozzle neck, reminiscent of a channel. Round-tipped nozzle. Raised rounded concave base-ring.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Bussière F IV 1

Date: A.D. 100–150 (Hübinger)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Cologne (Germany)

Parallels: (Identical) Hübinger 1993, no. 185, pl. 24.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

571

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.432

Dimensions: L: 6.6 cm; W: 3.7 cm; H: 2.9 cm, (with handle) 4.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Burn marks at nozzles. Clay near 7.5YR6/4 light brown, faint traces of glaze 5YR6/6 reddish yellow.

Description: Moldmade. Suspension ring handle in the center with central groove. Raised outer edge surrounding both discus and nozzles; second inner ridge surrounding the oval discus alone. Flat discus. Two equal filling-holes, one on each side of handle. Exceptionally large wick-hole at both ends of lamp. Raised slightly oval base-ring marked off by two grooves; small dotted ring in the center.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Bussière F IV 2

Date: Second to third century A.D.(?)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Cologne (Germany)

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

572

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.438.435

Dimensions: L: 9.7 cm; W: 4.3 cm; H: 3.9 cm

Condition and Fabric: Side chipped; hole on underside of one nozzle. Clay 2.5YR5/6 red, slip near 10YR6/3 pale brown.

Description: Moldmade. Round body prolonged by two long round-tipped nozzles, one at each end. Shoulder with worn herringbone-pattern. Plain central suspension ring in discus. Filling-holes of equal size above and below ring. Each nozzle top connected to discus by a channel with slightly curved sides. Two raised rounded base-rings, inner one taller than outer one, creating a foot. Incised workshop mark: three arrows pointing in opposite directions.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Type: Bussière F IV 2

Date: Second or third century A.D.(?)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Cologne (Germany)

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

III.G Ring-shaped, or Corona, Lamps

Multinozzled ring-shaped lamps were devoted to sanctuary use during the Archaic and Classical periods in Greece. The earliest examples found in the Athenian Agora date back to the second half of the fifth century B.C. (Howland 1958, p. 128). In the Hellenistic period, corona lamps, which could have more than twenty nozzles (Bruneau 1965, pp. 39 and 111, pl. 26), were made also for domestic use in wealthy households. The type lasted through the Roman period and well into the Byzantine and Islamic periods; the lamps were either placed on a flat surface or suspended. Corona lamps could be moldmade or wheelmade (see Bailey BM I, Q 294, pl. 52, and Q 292, pl. 50).

Purchased in Asia Minor, the hand-modeled cat. 573 is not so much a multinozzled ring-shaped lamp as an assemblage of five whole lamps set in a ring on top of a cylindrical support. Such assemblages of several lamps, making up one large lighting device, date back to the Archaic period (see Bailey BM III, addendum to vol. 1, p. 452, Q 462 bis, pl. 150, dated second half of the sixth century B.C. or a little later). The five lamps assembled in cat. 573 are similar to cat. 8, a close parallel to a lamp from Lindos dated to the second third of the fifth century B.C. (Kassab Tezgör and Sezer 1995, no. 141).

Without any parallel to the moldmade ring-shaped lamp cat. 574, from Turkey, we can only make conjectures. The elegant leaf-shaped ornament handle evokes similar handles on Loeschcke type III lamps with volute-nozzles. The Early Imperial Roman examples imitated Hellenistic models and might be supplied with elaborate ornament handles (Bruneau 1965, nos. 4745 or 4739, pl. 35). The flat ridge surrounding the wick-holes of cat. 574 is also a Hellenistic feature. However, its short round nozzles suggest Loeschcke type VIII, although lamps of this form, as a rule, do not have ornament handles (for a few exceptions, see Waldhauer 1914, no. 277, pl. 28, no. 278, pl. 29, and no. 288, pl. 30, early Italian examples of the type). Lack of comparanda makes dating and typology problematic.

The moldmade ring-shaped suspension lamp cat. 575 with unknown place of manufacture or origin, for which we have no exact parallel, raises fewer problems: the round shape of its nozzles points to a Roman artifact, possibly of the second to third century A.D.

Wheelmade cat. 576, with unknown place of manufacture or origin but presumably from Asia Minor, is tentatively attributed to the Byzantine period, solely on the assumption that its cut-out bottom represents a Greek cross.

573

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.524

Dimensions: L: (from nozzle to the corona edge on the opposite side) 8.3–8.9 cm, max. W: 9.5 cm; H: 4.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Repair to two nozzles; some overpaint. Clay 5YR6/4 light reddish brown, sloppily applied thin glaze on upper half only 2.5YR5/6 red.

Description: Hand modeled and wheelmade. Large cylindrical wheelmade stand carrying five regularly spaced hand-modeled lamps, each consisting of an open round basin with vertical wall and stout blunt nozzle. These lamps resemble cat. 8, related to Broneer type IV. Each lamp was filled with oil separately. The cylindrical body to which the lamps are applied has a flat plain base. Central space is open.

Type: Corona lamp or lampstand(?)

Date: Mid-fifth century B.C.(?)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: None found. Some resemblance: Hermanns 2004, fig. 11, SL 20327. For the shape of the attached lamps only, see Bailey BM III, Q 462 bis, pl. 150.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

574

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.527

Dimensions: W: (from nozzle to opposite nozzle) 14.7 cm, (body-ring) 4.2 cm; H: (body-ring) 3.5 cm; H: (with handle) 11.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact, but leaf handle appears to be a plaster restoration. Clay near 2.5YR5/4 reddish brown, uneven glaze mostly 5YR5/6 yellowish red, with some darker areas.

Description: Moldmade. Circular body and handle have been molded separately. Vertical leaf-shaped ornament handle has five segments with incisions indicating leaves; on back, three parallel grooves, repeated five times, indicating veins, on the sides of two central, parallel incised lines. On top of the discus ring two circular ridges frame a band with two rows of incised dots; large central opening of lamp edged by a lip. Filling-hole below handle in band top of lamp. Three small slit air holes evenly distributed. All around the discus ring are eleven short round-tipped protruding nozzles. Base edged by a ridge marked off by two circular grooves. Lacking any suspension rings, the corona was meant for display on a flat surface.

Type: Corona lamp

Date: First or second century A.D., or even later(?)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Turkey

Parallels: None exact found, but multinozzle lamps are found over many centuries with minor variations or absence of decor.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

575

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.526

Dimensions: W: (ring body) 16.1 cm, (with nozzles) 21 cm; H: (body) 3.3 cm, (with suspension rings) 4.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: All nozzles show black burn marks. Clay with large white bits 10R6/6 light red, slip same color.

Description: Moldmade. Intact. Chandelier consisting of a large circular hollow ring; flat top flanked by two ridges and pierced by seven small filling-holes; three suspension rings evenly distributed on inner ridge. Twelve short rounded protruding nozzles evenly placed around ring. Each wick-hole area edged by a slightly raised ridge. Plain base.

Type: Corona lamp; Bussière E V 7

Date: Second to fourth century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Unknown

Parallels: See cat. 574.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

576

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.525

Dimensions: Max. W: 11.9 cm; max. H: 4.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Two wick-holes without burn marks restored, possibly also two suspension rings; bottom partially overpainted. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, thin traces of slip 10R6/6 light red.

Description: Wheelmade. Suspension chandelier consisting of large tubular circular ring strengthened by a central flat base with four cut-outs, suggesting the shape of a Greek cross. Six tubular upturned nozzles evenly distributed on the edge of the ring. One shorter rising tube is the filling-hole. Three suspension rings evenly spaced on the ring of the body. Nozzles and suspension rings made separately and applied to the wheelmade body. Flat plain circular base with string marks.

Type: Corona lamp; Bussière E V 7

Date: Byzantine period(?)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Unknown

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

III.H.I Hellenistic fragments of “Ephesus” type lamps

Twenty-seven fragments donated by Dr. Max Gerchik have been inventoried in two series. The fragments were part of a large group of nearly seven thousand pottery sherds representing Etruscan bucchero, Etruscan and Faliscan black-glaze and red-figure, Hellenistic red-glaze, and Italic black-glaze, as well as coarseware vessels dating from the fourth to the first century B.C. All fragments belong to moldmade lamps of the same type: Howland 49 A = Bruneau VII.

577

Inventory Numbers: First series: 83.AE.436.470–82

Dimensions: 83.AE.436.470 = 6.8 cm × 4.0 cm (max. pres. dim.); 83.AE.436.471 = 9.6 cm × 8.5 cm (max. pres. dim.); 83.AE.436.472 = 3.7 cm × 6.6 cm (max. pres. dim.); 83.AE.436.473 = 7.8 cm × 7.8 cm (max. pres. dim.); 83.AE.436.474 = 1.9 cm × 3.4 cm (max. pres. dim.); 83.AE.436.475 = 3.4 cm × 1.7 cm (max. pres. dim.); 83.AE.436.476 = 1.9 cm × 2.9 cm (max. pres. dim.); 83.AE.436.477 = 3.8 cm × 2.0 cm (max. pres. dim.); 83.AE.436.478 = 3.7 cm × 2.5 cm (max. pres. dim.); 83.AE.436.479 = 4.7 cm × 3.3 cm (max. pres. dim.); 83.AE.436.480 = 7.4 cm × 4.0 cm (max. pres. dim.); 83.AE.436.481 = 6.5 cm × 4.0 cm (max. pres. dim.); 83.AE.436.482 = 6.7 cm × 4.2 cm (max. pres. dim.)

Condition and Fabric: Fragments. Clay 10YR7/2 light gray, glaze 10YR5/4–3/1 yellowish brown to very dark gray.

Description:
Of these frr., seven belong to seven individual lamps:

- Fr. .470 is a portion of a nozzle and right shoulder with a male head in relief with beard and long hair.

- Fr. .471 is the right side of a discus with leaf-shaped side-ear, close to Herzblätter. Shoulder decorated with tendrils, leaves, and berries.

- Fr. .472 is a typical ribbon handle.

- Fr. .473 is the fragmented top of a two-nozzled lamp, whose central filling-hole is surrounded by a big grooved ring.

- Fr. .474 is a lamp top with two nozzles; it has a big grooved ring surrounding the central filling-hole, and a decor of leaves and berries.

- Fr. .480 is a nozzle with a circular plate around the wick-hole and a small portion of the base.

- Fr. .481 is another lamp top.

Discus Iconography: See description.

Type: Undetermined

Date: Late second century to first quarter of first century B.C.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Italy

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: – 1982 or 1983, King David Antiquities (Zurich, Switzerland, and Jerusalem, Israel); sold to Dr. Max Gerchik, 1982 or 1983; 1983, Dr. Max Gerchik, American, 1911–2008 (Pacific Palisades, California), donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

578

Inventory Numbers: Second series: 83.AE.436.6835-6848

Dimensions: 83.AE.436.6835 = 5.5 cm × 4.7 cm (max. pres. dim.); 83.AE.436.6836 = 3.2 cm × 1.7 cm (max. pres. dim.); 83.AE.436.6837 = 6.6 cm × 5.2 cm (max. pres. dim.); 83.AE.436.6838 = 7.1 cm × 4.0 cm (max. pres. dim.); 83.AE.436.6839 = 4.0 cm × 3.5 cm (max. pres. dim.); 83.AE.436.6840 = 9.0 cm × 6.1 cm (max. pres. dim.); 83.AE.436.6841 = 3.5 cm × 3.8 cm (max. pres. dim.); 83.AE.436.6842 = 2.9 cm × 5.2 cm (max. pres. dim.); 83.AE.436.6843 = 5.9 cm × 5.2 cm (max. pres. dim.); 83.AE.436.6844 = 3.4 cm × 4.3 cm (max. pres. dim.); 83.AE.436.6845 = 2.8 cm × 2.4 cm (max. pres. dim.); 83.AE.436.6846 = 8.0 cm × 3.5 cm (max. pres. dim.); 83.AE.436.6847 = 8.3 cm × 4.5 cm (max. pres. dim.) ; 83.AE.436.6848 = 5.8 cm × 4.3 cm (max. pres. dim.)

Condition and Fabric: Fragments. Clay mostly 10YR7/1–10YR6/1 light gray to gray, glaze mostly 2.5YR3/0 very dark gray, occasionally 10YR5/1 gray.

Description:
These fourteen frr. come from ten individual lamps:

- Frr. .6835+.6847+.6848 form a large portion of a basin with raised base and side ear.

- Frr. .6845+.6846 are one long nozzle with plate around a wick-hole.

- Fr. .6839 is a ribbon handle.

- Frr. .6840+.6836 give a big portion of a lamp with a wide shoulder with grapes and tendrils, and with base-ring and two rings around a central filling-hole (outer ring larger, inner one smaller).

- Fr. .6841 is a Herzblätter side-ear.

- Fr. .6838 is a base-ring, possibly from a two-nozzled lamp.

- Frr. .6837, .6843, and .6844 are three base-rings from three different lamps.

- Fr. .6842 is an undetermined fragment.

Discus Iconography: See description.

Type: Unknown

Date: Late second to first quarter of first century B.C.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Italy

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: – 1982 or 1983, King David Antiquities (Zurich, Switzerland, and Jerusalem, Israel); sold to Dr. Max Gerchik, 1982 or 1983; 1983, Dr. Max Gerchik, American, 1911–2008 (Pacific Palisades, California), donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

III.H.II Roman Republican fragments (Dressel type 2)

579

Inventory Numbers: 83.AE.434.2308, .2310–.2312

Dimensions: 83.AE.434.2308 = 2.2 cm × 1.4 cm (max. pres. dim.); 83.AE.434.2310 = 4.4 cm × 3.5 cm (max. pres. dim.); 83. AE.434.2311 = 5.0 cm × 3.4 cm (max. pres. dim.); 83. AE.434.2312 = 4.5 cm × 4.5 cm (max. pres. dim.)

Condition and Fabric: Fragments. Clay 5YR7/3 pink, glaze 10R5/8 red.

Description: The four frr. belong to one or several molded lamps. Ribbon handle with three grooves and side-lug.

Discus Iconography: Unknown.

Type: Dressel type 2 = Deneauve II = Warzenlampen

Date: Ca. 70 B.C.–A.D. 14

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Italy

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: – 1982 or 1983, King David Antiquities (Zurich, Switzerland, and Jerusalem, Israel); sold to Dr. Max Gerchik, 1982 or 1983; 1983, Dr. Max Gerchik, American, 1911–2008 (Pacific Palisades, California), donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

III.H.III Roman Imperial fragments of various types

580

Inventory Numbers: 98.AE.143.3, 98.AE.143.5, 83.AE.434.2307, 83.AE.434.2309

Dimensions: 98.AE.143.3 = 3.5 cm × 3.8 cm (max. pres. dim.); 98.AE.143.5 = 3.3 cm × 2 cm (max. pres. dim.); 83.AE.434.2307 = 3.2 cm × 2.1 cm (max. pres. dim.); 83.AE.434.2309 = 4.8 cm × 3.0 cm (max. pres. dim.).

Condition and Fabric: 98.AE.143.3, clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, glaze same color; 98.AE.143.5, clay 7.5YR6/4 weak red, glaze 2.5YR5/6 red; 83.AE.434.2307, clay 7.5YR8/4 pink, glaze 10R5/8 red; 83.AE.434.2309, clay near 5YR7/3 pink, glaze 10R5/8 red.

Description:
These frr. belong to four different lamps:

- Fr. 98.AE.143.3 is part of a round nozzle belonging to a moldmade lamp, with Loeschcke shoulder form VII b.

- Fr. 98.AE.143.5 is part of a shoulder attached to a small portion of a discus of a moldmade lamp with Loeschcke shoulder form I.

- Fr. 83.AE.434.2307 is part of a round pierced handle, probably belonging to a moldmade lamp.

- Fr. 83.AE.434.2309 is part of a shoulder of Loeschcke form IVa of a moldmade lamp of undetermined type.

Discus Iconography: Unknown.

Type: 98.AE.143.3, Loeschcke VIII; 98.AE.143.5, Loeschcke I (volute-nozzle); 83.AE.434.2307, Loeschcke VIII (probably); 83.AE.434.2309, undetermined type

Date: 98.AE.143.3, second century A.D.; 98.AE.143.5, first century A.D.; 83.AE.434.2307, second century A.D.; 83.AE.434.2309, possibly first century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Unknown (98.AE.143.3 and .5); Italy (83.AE.434.2307 and .2309)

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: (83.AE.434.2307 and .2309): – 1982 or 1983, King David Antiquities (Zurich, Switzerland, and Jerusalem, Israel); sold to Dr. Max Gerchik, 1982 or 1983; 1983, Dr. Max Gerchik, American, 1911–2008 (Pacific Palisades, California), donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

581

Inventory Number: 81.AQ.112.16

Dimensions: W: 4.0 cm; H: 5.4 cm; D: (of face) 1.4 cm

Condition and Fabric: Broken-off handle with part of ring behind; modern brass pin inserted in bottom. Clay 10R5/6 red, glaze near 2.5YR4/6 red, of browner shade.

Description: Moldmade. Flat ornament handle with part of ring behind. Tragic theater mask; abundant hair above forehead; long tresses divided into three sections on each side. Flat back sunken and bordered by a raised edge.

Type: Unknown

Date: Second century A.D.(?)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Greece

Parallels: None found. For handles on bronze lamps with a woman’s tragic mask, see Sotheby’s London, auction 10 December 1984; Atasoy 2005, p. 19, no. 35, on a bronze lamp.

Provenance: – 1981, Robert L. Lawson, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1981.

Bibliography: Jentoft-Nilsen 1982, p. 162, fig. 6.

III.I.a Lampstands/incense-burners

Cats. 582–85 are all lampstands with a bowl for burning incense. Each item bears two lamps, making the artifact a lighting device as well. Only cat. 585 shows burn marks on the nozzle tips of the two small lamps. None of the four bowls presents any trace of combustion, possibly because the artifacts (with the exception of cat. 585) have never been used as either lighting devices or incense-burners. While Bailey admits that lampstands equipped with a bowl performed these two functions (Bailey BM III, p. 329), he suggests that “the central bowl of these items would be ideal to hold a glass bottle of oil for replenishing the lamps when necessary” (Bailey BM I, p. 71). Whether this suggestion is founded or not is uncertain. Nevertheless by using the term thymiateria for lampstands similar to the four Getty ones, most authors explicitly admit their function as incense-burners (Wiegand et al. 1904, pp. 87–92; Grandjouan 1961, nos. 872 and 979; Joly 1974, pp. 33–36; Bailey BM I, pp. 70–71; Manzoni 1978/79; Bailey BM III, p. 329; and Möhring 1989, p. 853, who speaks of Räuchstände or Räuchergefäße). However, Heimerl simply calls similar Pergamene items Ständerlampen, while explaining the presence of bowls on them as containers for fire pokers (Heimerl 2001, pp. 64–65). Apart from being the place where incense was burned, could these bowls have been filled with some perfume, which the heat of the two adjacent lamps would help to diffuse in the air? True, we must bear in mind that alcohol, the chief solvent of modern perfumes, was unknown to the ancients, who used oils, which are much less volatile (Grimal 1981, p. 112). Petronius, describing Trimalchio’s banquet, writes: “some long-haired boys brought ointment in a silver basin, and anointed our feet as we lay. . . . A quantity of the same ointment was poured into the mixing-bowl [i.e., a crater] and the lamp” (Petronius Satyricon 70).

It may seem odd that perfume would have been mixed with the lamp oil itself, hence the above suggestion that it might have been poured into the central bowl instead. Speaking of lamps in general and not particularly of lampstands, Forbes states that “even lamp-oil was perfumed” (Forbes 1955, p. 28, note 63). To strengthen his view, he quotes Martial “ . . . et lucerna vidit nimbis ebria Nicerotianis!” ( . . . and the lamp drunk with Nicerotian showers!) (Martial Epigrams 2.10.38.7–8). Niceros was a famous perfumemaker of the time. However, the quote does not clearly say whether the perfume was poured into the lamp itself or on it.

All four Getty examples have two moldmade lamps, but they have different body shapes: cat. 582 that of a small altar; cat. 583 of a bust; cat. 584 of a small temple with a statue; and cat. 585 shows an eagle with spreading wings. No exact parallels to these four have been found, but the general shapes of cats. 582–83 and 585 exist along with other forms such as pinecones, columns, male or female heads, and standing figures identified (Silenus, Cupid, Bacchus, Serapis, Harpocrates) or not. (For these different shapes, see Joly 1974, pls. 32–35; Bailey BM III, Q 1853, pl. 29, Q 2727, pl. 81, and Q 2729, Q 2735, pl. 82; Heimerl 2001, group 15, pp. 64–66, no. 324, pl. 8, nos. 474 and 498, pl. 12, no. 509, pl. 13, nos. 684 and 697–704, pl. 16, and nos. 706–35, pl. 17); Bochum Museum, Schüller Collection, has several items purchased in Anatolia.

The decors shown on the four Getty lampstands are common on Roman imperial lamps of the first and second centuries: Jupiter, Mercury, and Minerva (cat. 582), Mercury alone (cat. 583), a small temple with an unidentified female statue (cat. 584), and an eagle with spreading wings (cat. 585). Despite the presumed eastern Mediterranean origin of these artifacts, the iconography does not reveal any special link with oriental cults, as Manzoni speculates about cat. 585. The eagle represents nothing more than Jupiter’s attribute as seen on so many Italic or African lamp discuses (Manzoni 1978/79, pp. 209, 211).

So far lampstands have been found, in some numbers, in two principal regions: Asia Minor (chiefly at Cnidus and Pergamon, a few at Halicarnassus), and in Libya (at Sabratha, Cyrene, and Benghazi). Examples in limited numbers have been discovered at Herculaneum, Stabiae, Lipari, Pozzuoli(?), Athens, Kenchreai, Corfu, Nicosia, and Alexandria; one fr. in the shape of a pinecone has been excavated in London (see Bailey BM III, p. 329).

Cats. 583–85 have a light orange-red clay and a dark brown slip unevenly displayed. Cat. 582 has a slightly darker orange-red clay and possibly a slip of the same color. May these colors, dominant in the lamps produced in Cnidus (Bailey BM III, p. 333), suggest that the Getty lamps were found or made at this site? The fourteen locally made lampstands found in Pergamon have a wider range of clay colors (Heimerl 2001, pp. 180–81, nos. 1036–49, in group 15). Only one Pergamene example, no. 1044, has the same clay color (Munsell 5YR7/6) as cat. 585, but its slip color is different.

Because of the chronology attributed to the lamps attached to them, the Getty lampstands can be dated to the middle or second half of the first century A.D. (cat. 582) or the second century A.D. (cats. 583–85).

582

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.505

Dimensions: L: (front to back) 7.5 cm; W: (at lamps) 19.2 cm, (at base) 16.7 cm, (of throne) 6.4 cm, (of incense basin) 7.7 cm; H: (bottom of base to top of incense basin) 16.5 cm, (base molding) 2.1 cm; Diam: (back hole) 2.6 cm.

Condition and Fabric: Large parts restored and overpainted, including section of back wall with inscription and nozzles of both lamps. Clay 5YR6/6 light red, a few traces of glaze on short ends and top of right lamp 10R5/8 red.

Description:
Moldmade. Both incense-burner and lighting device are in the shape of a four-sided altar, its front divided into three parts of an architectural nature, resting on a three-stepped platform. Central arched niche with enthroned Jupiter, bare-chested with mantle over left shoulder; drapery fastened at waist, several folds around and between legs; he is bearded and wears a diadem; his right hand holds a patera; sandaled feet on footstool; the throne has a high backrest and elaborately carved front ends: opposed curled volutes and rosettes. The central niche is flanked by two pilasters with horizontal moldings; one figure stands in front of each, turning toward center; at left, nude Mercury with caduceus, winged sandals, and mantle(?) hanging behind him from the shoulder; at right, a helmeted Minerva, Gorgoneion on chest, leans on a spear.

The upper section of the artifact consists of a central rectangular basin for burning incense; its front is decorated with an eight-pointed star in the middle, flanked by two resting eagles looking in opposite directions. Lamp on top of pilaster on each side of incense-burner of Loeschcke type IV with voluted ogival nozzles and solid truncated handles; concave discuses decorated with shell. Back side of the altar is plain with a big round hole in the center, required for the firing process of the clay. On each side of the hole is an unclear coarse drawing incised during molding, before slipping and firing: at left a spool-shaped sketch with outer and inner markings (fish[?]); at right a branch. Underneath, incuse inscription in Greek: EYKTHPO/NOY (made by or belonging to Eukteronos), which may be a restoration of unknown date. The lamp lacks a bottom and is completely hollow.

Date: Bailey dates his lamp ca. A.D. 130–200, but based on the date of the two attached lamps, this lamp can be assigned to an earlier date, ca. mid- or second half of first century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Central Anatolia

Parallels: None found. For different miniature altars with one lamp applied, see Bailey BM III, Q 1853, pl. 29; Möhring 1989, p. 854, no. 76, fig. 89, p. 855, no. 77, figs. 90–93, and p. 856, no. 78, figs. 94–95; altar with two lamps, see Möhring 1989, p. 856, no. 79, fig. 96, and p. 857, no. 80, fig. 97.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

583

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.509

Dimensions: L: (one attached lamp) 11.3 cm; W: (at base) 7.3 cm, (base front to back) 6.3 cm, (with lamps) 15.2 cm, (incense basin) 6.9 cm; H: 15.0 cm, (of two convex bases) 3.9 cm; Diam: (back hole) 1.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Cracks and broken-off missing parts on left side-lamp (repaired); fine crack on base front up to chest level. Clay 5YR7/4 pink, varying glaze (applied to front, top lamps, only partially on back) 2.5YR3/3 dark reddish brown to 10R6/6 light red. Very slight mica.

Description:
Moldmade. Both censer and lighting device are in the form of a figurine bust with circular hollow base; molding on front half only, consisting of two convex sections flanking a concave central band. Body more or less cylindrical with flaring semicylindrical top. Lamp attached on each shoulder. Body front in the shape of a bust of Mercury seeming to hold up the lamps; he has a winged helmet, bare shoulders and chest; around his neck, emerging from the back, are the ends and fastening of a mantle; caduceus at right; circular item (clasp[?]) on top of proper right shoulder. The bust rests on two large-leaf branches, joining the top of the base.

Identical side-lamps: elongated body with leaf-shaped ornament handle and heart-shaped nozzle; slightly concave discus surrounded by a ridge and pierced by filling-hole. In the upper part of the artifact, atop the figure’s head, is a semicircular bowl serving as a censer with two grooves around a rim. Round hole to facilitate firing process on back side of the hollow figurine.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Date: Second century or first half of third century A.D.(?)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: None found. For the face of the male figure only, see Moscara 2003, fig. 1, I.3, with some similarity.

Provenance: By 1973, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); – 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Antiken aus Rheinischem Privatbesitz, pp. 129–39, no. 198, pl. 88.

584

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.508

Dimensions: L: (of one attached lamp) 9.0 cm; W: (with lamps) 17.0 cm; H: 12.7 cm; Diam: (of base) 6.0 cm

Condition and Fabric: Handle of right attached lamp broken off. Clay 5YR6/3 light reddish brown, varying glaze partly 2.5YR6/4 light reddish brown, partly 5YR5/1 gray to 5YR4/1 dark gray.

Description:
Moldmade. Lampstand/incense-burner with a more or less cylindrical hollow body, front representing a small temple with a statue. It is surmounted by a large bowl with a flaring scalloped rim; the sides are decorated with a leaf decor in high relief, above and under a notched median ribbon continuing to the back, where its ends are tied together, surrounded by four leaves as on the front; unpierced bowl intended for burning incense. On each side of the bowl a lamp is attached on arm-shaped extended supports. The temple, standing on a distinct platform, consists of two cylindrical columns with bases and Corinthian(?) capitals, supporting a triangular pediment surmounted by palmettes at each of three corners; entablature and rafters have dentil decor. Small statue representing a female figure (Venus[?]) with long tresses; right arm lifted, holding a round object close to her head—a patera or mirror(?); her left hand holds an unidentifiable object; her garment, seeming to leave her nude to the waist, hangs behind her at her right side, covering her left leg only.

Attached side lamps of Loeschcke type VIII with ring handle; shoulder: Loeschcke VIII b, with ovolos; filling-hole; heart-shaped round nozzle.

Hollow square base. Potter’s mark on back left lower part of temple: loop in relief.

Stamp:

Discus Iconography: Rosette with eight petals.

Date: Second century A.D. (based on the presumed chronology of the two attached lamps)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Northern Anatolia

Parallels: None found. For a near shape with different decor: Castanyer and Tremolada 1999, p. 285, fig. 176, from the Roman villa at Vilauba.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

585

Inventory Number: 78.AQ.333

Dimensions: L: (one lamp) 9.9 cm; W: (with lamps) 13.9 cm, (one lamp) 4.5 cm; H: 12.8 cm; Diam: (incense bowl) 6.6 cm, (base) 7.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Right lamp restored from several pieces and reattached; considerable incrustations on lamps and inside bowl. Burn marks on nozzles. Clay 5YR7/6 reddish yellow, glaze 5YR5/4 reddish brown, unevenly preserved.

Description: Moldmade. Lampstand/incense-burner consisting of a hollow body fixed on a circular spreading base and surmounted by a bowl. Upper part with two applied lamps, one on each side. On front center is an eagle in high relief with spreading wings, clawed feet resting on a platform, head turned to left; feathers carefully rendered. The back of the lampstand is totally plain with an air hole for facilitating the firing process. The front of the base is articulated by a molding with two parallel grooves; above, a leaf-garland tied at the center. The circular bowl may be intended for burning incense; flat rim demarcated by a deep groove. Identical side lamps, each with an elongated body with a flattened leaf-shaped ornament handle and a round-tipped nozzle; slightly concave discus pierced by a filling-hole.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Date: Second century A.D. (Bailey, as reported by Manzoni)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Unknown

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: – 1977, Fritz Ohrtmann (sold, Christie’s 1977, lot 235); by 1978, Milton Gottlieb and Pat Gottlieb, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1978.

Bibliography: Christie’s 1977, lot 235; Manzoni 1978/79.

III.I.b Plastic lamps

Plastic lamps with figurines first appear in the Hellenistic period, possibly originating in Athens. Found in all parts of the Mediterranean basin, they were particularly popular during the first and second centuries A.D. Egyptian and Italian workshops seem especially strong. In the fourth century, partly due to growing Christian influence, many types of these artifacts disappeared. By the end of the fourth century strict enforcement of imperial edicts against idol worship put an end to their production. The iconographic typology of these items is broad, including anthropomorphic and zoomorphic repertories as well as general items. Many of these variations are listed below.

These cheap objects were the luxuries of the poor. Some were brought to temples as votive offerings, and some took their place in domestic lararia. Others went to children as playthings. In niches and over doors many kept away sickness or the evil eye. A few presumably stood on shelves simply as ornaments. Finally, these figures often accompanied their owners to their graves (Grandjouan 1961, p. 5).

The twenty-four Getty plastic lamps are all moldmade. Most are made to be placed on a flat surface. Three can only be suspended: cats. 591–92 and 609; three can be either suspended or placed on a flat surface: cats. 593, 595, and 604. Three lamps have two nozzles: cats. 592–93, 607; two have three nozzles: cats. 595 and 597; one has four nozzles: cat. 608.

Among the various subjects represented, five are related to the theater and circus: cats. 586, 592–95; four to mythology: cats. 588 (Silenus), 591 (Cupid[?]), and 600–601 (Bacchus); two to domestic life: cats. 587 (teacher or scholar) and 590 (harpist); seven to the human body: cats. 602–4 (heads with African features), 596–97 (phallic images), 598–99 (sandaled feet); four to animals: cats. 589 (monkey), 605–6 (bull’s head), and 607 (dove); cat. 608 represents a boat, and cat. 609 a pinecone.

For most of these plastic lamps (with four exceptions, cats. 599 and 607–9), no exact parallels have been found in the published literature. Thus their dating is often conjectural, based mainly on the shape of the nozzle. The dates suggested cover about five centuries. Six lamps are presumed to date from the second to first century B.C.: cats. 600–603, 605–6; one to 50 B.C.–A.D. 50: cat. 593; three to the first century A.D.: cats. 592, 594, and 607; five to first to second century A.D.: cats. 586–88, 595, 598; four to the second century A.D.: cats. 589, 591, 599, and 608; two to the second–third century A.D.: cats. 604, and 609; and one to the first half of the third century A.D.: cat. 590. Two lamps cannot be dated even approximately: cats. 596 and 597.

586

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.519

Dimensions: W: 7.2 cm; H: 12.0 cm; Diam: 11.4 cm

Condition and Fabric: A few cracks on left side of body (restoration[?]); base broken off and reattached. Clay 10YR5/1 gray, slip same color.

Description: Moldmade. Big ring handle with two grooves on back. Figurine of short nude dwarflike male figure (grotesque) sitting on his haunches; African flat-nosed face; shaved head except for scalp lock—a typical feature of an amphitheater athlete; hands resting on his enormous phallus, which is the lamp nozzle, pierced by a small circular wick-hole; eyes and ears pierced. Filling-hole above ring handle. Small air hole on each side of neck. Flat plain base.

Date: Ca. A.D. 70–150

Place of Manufacture or Origin: North Africa

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

Discussion: The very low position of the wick-hole renders the function of this lighting device very hypothetical, or at least allows it very limited burning time.

587

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.514

Dimensions: L: 15.2 cm; W: 5.5 cm; H: 10.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Right hand of figure broken off; crack where scroll meets right knee. Clay between 5YR7/6 and 5YR6/6 reddish yellow, a lighter and a darker shade; faint remains of glaze near 5R5/6 red.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with one groove fixed in the back of a man sitting on a low seat; his legs and feet are not shown, only his bust is; pleated mantle (himation) over one shoulder; skull completely shaven, pointed beard; he is reading a book scroll; the three first letters of the Greek alphabet, Α Β Γ, are incised on the page. Filling-hole above handle. Long protruding slightly pointed nozzle suggesting a big phallus, pierced on top by a wick-hole. Small air hole on each side of the man’s head. Flat plain base.

Date: Ca. A.D. 70–150

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor, Cnidus(?)

Parallels: (Close) Smith 1966, p. 17, fig. 7 (Amka, Palestine); same theme, treated differently, Bailey BM III, Q 2719, pl. 79 (Cnidus) (with further refs.).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

588

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.512

Dimensions: L: 13.5 cm; W: 4.8 cm; H: 8.9 cm

Condition and Fabric: Part of filling-hole area, behind man’s head, broken off. Clay 7.5YR7/4 light pink, very few remains of glaze 2.5YR6/6 light red; a few dark spots.

Description: Moldmade. Ring handle with one groove in the back of the bed, supporting a kind of bowl pierced by a filling-hole. Big-bellied nude Silenus half lying on reclined seat, resting on a wineskin, a mantle partly covering his shoulders; he is half bald with a large curly beard and moustache; both his hands are holding a bowl, which in fact is the rounded nozzle of the lamp, pierced by a wick-hole. Flat plain base.

Date: First to second century A.D.(?)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: None found; (close) Hellmann 1987, no. 225, pl. 27, presumably from Egypt. For a related Silenus representation, see, for one example among others, a figurine in the Hermitage, St. Petersburg, Waldhauer 1914, pp. 41–42, no. 23, pl. 16.11; near parallels in bronze, for instance, Bailey BM IV, p. 15, Q 3571–Q 3572, pl. 12, dated first century A.D.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

589

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.513

Dimensions: L: (with bowl) 9.5 cm; W: 5.9 cm; H: 14.9 cm

Condition and Fabric: Left ear broken off; back area restored and overpainted. Clay 7.5YR8/4 pink; glaze, applied only to front, near 7.5YR6/4 light brown.

Description: Moldmade. Monkey sitting on a high seat, holding in front of him, with both hands, a circular lamp with a central filling-hole and a rounded nozzle with wick-hole; the monkey’s garment is vaguely indicated by some folds; ears pierced, presumably for earrings. Large hole on back of the figurine to facilitate firing process.

Date: Second century A.D.(?)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

590

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.504

Dimensions: D: 10.1 cm; W: (plinth) 6.8 cm; H: (total) 19.0 cm, (leg support) 6.5 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 2.5YR6/6 light red with many white bits, glaze mostly 10R5/4 weak red.

Description: Moldmade. A woman dressed in a long-sleeved garment stands next to a truncated column, playing a harp, which leans on her shoulder; hairdo similar to Empress Julia Domna’s, fashionable in Severan times. Filling-hole on top of instrument; wick-hole pierced at its base. Circular hollow base.

Date: First half of third century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Northern Anatolia

Parallels: None found. For plastic lamps or figurines with musicians playing various instruments other than a harp, see Deneauve 1987, pp. 197–251, figs. 17–19. For the Julia Domna hairdo, see Deneauve 1987, nos. My 24–My 37, figs. 13–14, nos. Pf 3–Pf 9, fig. 28.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

591

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.543

Dimensions: D: 3.6; W: 4.4 cm; H: 16.0 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR5/3 reddish brown, slip between 5YR5/4 and 5YR4/4 reddish brown, two shades, one darker than the other.

Description: Moldmade. Grooved ring handle on top for suspension. Nude youth (Cupid[?]) gracefully leaning against a tall support with what seems to be a fountain at the bottom; his right hand holds a jug; a sling across his chest might belong to a quiver; broad bandeau on his head, and mantle(?) falling behind him. Filling-hole at the back of the artifact. Wick-hole in the bowl of the fountain.

Date: Second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Unknown

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

Discussion: The lamp cannot stand upright on its slanted base; it had to be suspended.

592

Inventory Number: 96.AQ.210

Dimensions: L: 16.5 cm; W: 4.2; H: 7.0 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay between 5YR7/4 pink and 5YR6/4 light reddish brown, patchy remains of glaze 2.5YR6/6 light red. Powdery mica.

Description: Moldmade. Comic actor reclining full length on his left side, cross-legged on a bed, his head on a pillow, his right hand touching his chin; he is wearing a draped tunic, forming five semicircular pronounced folds below his stomach; under the tunic, a garment with sleeves and leggings; long scarf falling from his left shoulder; he wears a bearded, smiling comic mask. Suspension ring on left arm at the center of the figurine. Volute-nozzle at each end of the long bed. Filling-hole in the back, protruding as a small semicircular bowl. Convex base.

Date: Second century A.D.(?)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Unknown

Parallels: A lamp of this type, probably from the same mold, is in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, inv. 17.194.1810. See Froehner 1903, p. 270, no. 71.

Provenance: – 1991, Charles Ede, Ltd. (London, England), sold to Barbara and Lawrence Fleischman, 1991; 1991–1996, Barbara Fleischman and Lawrence Fleischman, American, 1925–1997 (New York, New York), donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1996.

Bibliography: Passion for Antiquities 1994, no. 176, p. 334 (second century A.D.).

Discussion: The lighting-device cannot stand upright; it had to be suspended.

593

Inventory Number: 96.AQ.165

Dimensions: Max. D: 4.3 cm; W: 8.2 cm; H: 10.2 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay near 10R5/6 red, glaze 10R4/6 darker shade red.

Description: Moldmade. Conical pierced handle attached to the figure’s head. The artifact represents a comic actor wearing a mask, sitting cross-legged on a base extending sideways; this base is in fact a two-nozzled lamp, with round-tipped nozzles located at each end of the seat. The actor wears a chiton, a mantle hanging from his left shoulder. With his chin resting in his left hand, he has the thoughtful expression of a plotting slave. Filling-hole in back. Flat base.

Date: Second century B.C.(?) (Passion for Antiquities); 50 B.C.–A.D. 50 (Webster 1995)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Egypt

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Gustave Mustaki (Alexandria, Egypt); James Ede (London, England); –1989, Robin Symes and Christo Michaelides (London, England), by gift to Barbara and Lawrence Fleischman, 1989; 1989–96, Barbara and Lawrence Fleischman (New York, New York), donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1996.

Bibliography: Webster 1995, p. 229, type A 2, fig. 41, 4 EL 1; Passion for Antiquities, pp. 234–35, no. 118 (Hellenistic, perhaps late second century B.C.); Acquisitions/1997–98, p. 70; Auth 1999, p. 69, fig. 19.

594

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.489

Dimensions: L: 13.5 cm; W: 7.0 cm; H: 5.0 cm

Condition and Fabric: Big hole in base; several cracks on top and handle; some restoration. Clay 2.5YR6/6 light red, a few traces of slip near 5YR7/4 pink.

Description: Moldmade. Leaf-shaped handle ornament with large looped plain ring behind. Lamp in the shape of a head of a comic actor wearing a slave mask; thick hair, knit eyebrows, small holes for eyes, large open mouth with typical striated band around it, suggesting a beard. Short round-tipped volute-nozzle; small striated fans between nozzle and beard. Flat oval base marked off by one circular groove.

Date: First century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: None found. For similar theater masks as lamps, none as carefully modeled, see Petrie 1905, no. 6 H, pl. 55; Waldhauer 1914, nos. 517–18, pl. 49; Thouvenot 1954, pl. 39.3 (bronze); Vikić-Belančić 1976, pl. 44.1; Hayes 1980, p. 220, nos. 211 and 402; Bessi and Moncini 1980, no. 102, pl. 13; Deneauve 1987, ac 1, fig. 21; Hellmann 1987, no. 385 bis, pl. 54; Di Filippo Balestrazzi 1988, vol. 2.2, no. 1199, pl. 197; Goethert 1994, fig. 11.15 (bronze); Bussière 2000, no. 7227, pl. 151. Cf. also cat. 626a (bronze).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

595

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.491

Dimensions: L: 12.3 cm; W: 10.8 cm; H: 4.6 cm

Condition and Fabric: Thin crack near top of right nozzle; restored and overpainted. Clay near 2.5YR6/6 light red, glaze 10YR5/2 grayish brown.

Description: Moldmade. Three-nozzled lamp in the shape of a theater mask with three evenly spaced suspension rings, one on the handle, two at the corners of the mouth of the mask. Small leaf-shaped handle. Round-tipped nozzles flanked by volutes. Slightly raised wick-hole areas, each surrounded by a thin ridge and curved lines, which may suggest a heart-shaped nozzle form. Raised base-ring with three inner rings.

Discus Iconography: Mask: knit eyebrows and slanted eyes; hair surrounding top of head; large mouth with typical striated band around it, suggesting beard; mouth not open, only pierced by three small filling-holes.

Date: First century to second half of second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: (Close) Pontiroli 1980, no. 86, pl. 71 (signed OMY); Palanques 1992, no. 188, pl. 6; Svoboda 2006, p. 89, no. 265 (with one large filling-hole instead of three small ones); Bailey BM III, Q 3411, pl. 133 (forgery). See also Bessi and Moncini 1980, no. 102, pl. 13; and Antico Gallina 1985, pl. 27, close parallels, but with only one nozzle.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

596

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.438.407

Dimensions: Max. W: 9.3 cm, (testicles only) 3.4 cm; H: 5.3 cm, (base to filling-hole) 4.0 cm

Condition and Fabric: Thin cracks on top of phallus and trace of broken-off piece, possibly a handle? The wick-hole at the end of the penis has burn marks, as has a part of the lamp. Clay 2.5YR6/6 light red, glaze near 2.5YR6/4 light reddish brown. Powdery gold mica.

Description: Moldmade. Lamp in the shape of male genitals, with testicles and curved, slightly erect penis, stippling indicating pubic hair. Filling-hole surrounded by a raised notched ring. Raised base-ring, not completely closed, but with two curved ends. Plain incuse planta pedis.

Date: Undetermined

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Southern Anatolia

Parallels: None found, although lamps in the shape of a phallus occur occasionally, see, for instance, Bailey BM III, Q 3551, p. 421, pl. 127, with some further refs.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

597

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.438.409

Dimensions: Max. W: 13.6 cm, (from penis across center) 11.1 cm; H: 4.0 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Burn marks around all wick-holes. Clay 2.5YR6/6 light red, partially flaked glaze 10R5/8 red; Red-on-White lamp with much white engobe left. Powdery gold mica.

Description: Moldmade. Lamp composed of three evenly spaced phalluses interspersed with three testicles so that each phallus seen separately gives the impression of being complete. Large central filling-hole surrounded by a raised ring with an outer ridge decorated with a row of small dotted circles; incised markings of pubic hair around filling-hole. Each phallus tip is marked off by a notched ridge. Raised flat-topped base-ring with a median groove and a small circle in center.

Date: Undetermined

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: None found; see parallels for cat. 596.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

598

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.501

Dimensions: Pres. L: 12.3 cm; W: 7.0 cm; H: 4.1 cm

Condition and Fabric: Broken band handle missing; half of rim of raised wick-hole broken off. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, remains of glaze 10R6/6 light red; dark burn marks around nozzle and on top.

Description: Moldmade. Two sandaled feet close to one another; a strap between the first and second toe of each foot forks into two parts fixed to the sole of the crepida. Tubular nozzle close to the two big toes. At opposite end, two filling-holes pierced in the ankles. The base represents two nailed soles, each edged by a flat ridge.

Date: First to second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: None found; (close) Evelein 1928, pl. 16; Bailey BM I, Q 742, pl. 137 (Italy); Santoro l’Hoir 1983, p. 231, fig. 3; Bailey BM III, Q 1135 bis, pl. 156 (Italy); Selesnow 1988, nos. 152–53, pl. 21; Möhring 1989, figs. 55–56 and 58, with a thorough study and a long list of comparanda given in the notes to pp. 835–37.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

599

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.502

Dimensions: L: 7.8 cm; W: 3.1 cm; H: 4.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 10YR7/3 very pale brown, glaze between 10R6/6 light red and 10R5/6 red.

Description: Moldmade. Sandaled left foot. Filling-hole surrounded by a ridge in the ankle area. Small lug reminiscent of an unpierced suspension ring on the rear part of this ridge; the same kind of lug above the big toe. Sandle represented as consisting of six leather straps tied together near the ankle. Wick-hole in big toe. Nailed sole as a base.

Date: Second century A.D. (Möhring)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: (Identical) Möhring 1989, p. 843, no. 61, figs. 72–73; (close) Merkens 1905, no. 145; Loeschcke, Willers, and Niessen 1911, no. 2141, pl. 84; Brants 1913, no. 449, pl. 4; Waldhauer 1914, no. 503, pl. 47, and no. 504, pl. 48; Evelein 1928, pl. 16; Grandjouan 1961, no. 922, pl. 24; Rouquette 1969, pp. 240–41, figs. 1–2; Rouquette 1972, p. 174; Bailey BM II, pl. 46 (several parallels); Shier 1978, no. 399, pl. 43; Sapelli 1979, no. 341, pl. 39; Santoro l’Hoir 1983, p. 226, fig. 1, and p. 227, fig. 2; Bailey BM III, Q 1985 EA, pl. 38, and Q 1138 bis, pl. 156 (Italy); Goethert 1991, p. 152, fig. 21; Mlasowsky 1993, pp. 423–25, nos. 415–18; Bémont and Chew 2007, pp. 387, 523, pl. 98, OI 15.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

600

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.490

Dimensions: L: 10.5 cm; W: 7.0 cm; H: 5.0 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Burn marks on nozzle. Clay 10YR6/3 pale red, glaze 10R6/6 light red.

Description: Moldmade. Ribbon handle with a herringbone-pattern. Lamp in the shape of a human head; moustache, knit eyebrows, smiling expression, and sensual lips. The crown of leaves and fruit across the forehead alludes to Bacchus or one of his followers. Large filling-hole between head and handle. Nozzle located at the end of the chin. Oval raised base-ring; within it, a flower with eight grooved petals around a central button.

Stamp:

Date: Second to first century B.C.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Syria

Parallels: None found; (close) Mlasowsky 1993, p. 417, no. 405.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

601

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.487

Dimensions: L: 5.8 cm; W: 3.7 cm; H: 2.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Small chips. Clay 2.5YR5/4 reddish brown, glaze 10R5/6 red.

Description: Moldmade. Miniature lamp. No handle, but the rear bulging tubular part of the basin may have served as such; this tubular section is hollow but not communicating with the oil basin. Body in the shape of a comic theater mask with large open mouth. The fruit on top of the head suggests, if not Bacchus himself, at least one of his followers (cf. cat. 600). Filling-hole on forehead. Knit eyebrows but jolly expression with large open mouth, which is in fact an enormous wick-hole. Flat raised oval base.

Date: Second to first century B.C. (Mlasowsky)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Egypt

Parallels: None found; (close) Petrie 1905, no. H 10, pl. 55; Bruneau 1965, no. 4757, pl. 26; Cahn-Klaiber 1977, no. 149, pl. 12; Rosenthal and Sivan 1978, p. 146, no. 598; Mlasowsky 1993, p. 417, no. 406.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

602

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.486

Dimensions: L: 12.3 cm; W: 4.8 cm; H: 4.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Much restored; most of surface overpainted. Clay 10YR7/3 very pale brown, remains of glaze near 10YR5/1 gray.

Description: Moldmade. Leaf-shaped ornament handle with a ring behind. Lamp in the shape of a male African head with abundant hair and a slim face with large flat nostrils and full lips. A thick ridge with radial fluting surrounds the central filling-hole on top of head. Flat-topped rather long round-tipped nozzle protrudes from the man’s mouth. Oval flat plain base.

Date: Second half of second century to first half of first century B.C.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: None found; (close) Bruneau 1965, no. 4761, pl. 36; Bailey BM I, Q 752, pl. 138.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

603

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.488

Dimensions: L: 9.8 cm; W: 7.0 cm; H: 4.0 cm

Condition and Fabric: Substantial cracks on left side and on base; restored. Clay 7.5YR7/4 pink, glaze remains (only on top) 10R5/6 red.

Description: Moldmade. Leaf-shaped ornament handle with ring behind. Lamp in the shape of a male African head with a smiling expression. Protruding ears; indication of hair on top of head. Filling-hole in middle of forehead. Round-tipped nozzle extending from the chin pierced by a round wick-hole. Flat base marked off by one circular groove.

Date: Second half of second century to first half of first century B.C.(?)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: None found. For different plastic lamps in the form of a head, see Loeschcke, Willers, and Niessen 1911, no. 2138, pl. 84; Waldhauer 1914, no. 514, pl. 49; Fernández Chicarro 1956, fig. 45.15; Vikić-Belančić 1976, no. 2, pl. 45; Cahn-Klaiber 1977, nos. 145–46, pl. 12; Shier 1978, no. 393, pl. 42; Bessi and Moncini 1980, no. 103, pl. 13; Hayes 1980, pl. 62 (several parallels); Marcadé 1984; Hübinger 1993, pl. 37; Bémont and Chew 2007, pp. 387, 523, pl. 98, OI 21.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

604

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.492

Dimensions: L: 8.8 cm; W: 6.6 cm; H: 7.4 cm

Condition and Fabric: Burn marks extended over nose and cheek. Clay 2.5YR5/6 red, glaze 10R6/6 light red.

Description: Moldmade, from plaster mold. Intact. Globular lamp in the shape of an African head with crisp abundant hair and a flat nose. Small suspension-ring handle on forehead. Filling-hole above forehead, surrounded by a raised circular collar connected to the ring handle. Abundant hair in small locks on both upper and lower part of head. The wide-open mouth is the wick-hole. Raised base-ring.

Date: Middle of second to early third century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: None found; (close) Waldhauer 1914, no. 521, pl. 49 (Egypt); Bernhard 1955, no. 555, pl. 156 (Egypt); Shier 1978, no. 396, pl. 42 (Egypt); Hayes 1980, no. 407, pl. 62 (Egypt); Selesnow 1988, no. 142, pl. 20 (Egypt); Barbera 1993, p. 222, no. 17, figs. 21–22; Djuric 1995, p. 25, no. C 53 (Egypt); Bussière 2000, no. 7211, pl. 149.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

605

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.510

Dimensions: L: 15.8 cm; W: 10.6 cm; H: 8.3 cm

Condition and Fabric: Partly restored on left side and overpainted. Clay 5YR7/3 pink, glaze 5YR2.5/1 black.

Description: Moldmade. Elaborate workmanship imitating bronze products. Leaf ornament handle; behind, a median grooved ring with cross-band, typical of Hellenistic lamps. Lamp in the shape of a young bull’s head with slender sharp horns (contrary to those on cat. 606). Filling-hole on top of the head surrounded by two raised rings. Round-tipped nozzle with a flat-topped wick-hole area protruding from the muzzle. Raised base-ring with a concave interior; small central disk.

Date: Second half of second to first half of first century B.C.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

606

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.459

Dimensions: L: 11.8 cm; W: 7.0 cm; H: 4.1 cm

Condition and Fabric: Nozzle and left horn restored in plaster; overpainted. Clay 10YR6/1 reddish gray, glaze 2.5YR3/0 very dark gray.

Description: Moldmade. Wide ribbon handle with median groove separating two bands of slanted notches on upper part. Lamp in the shape of a bull’s head; horns, ears, eyes, and nostrils accurately rendered. Filling-hole on top of the head with a surrounding raised ring. Long round-tipped nozzle with round wick-hole protruding from the muzzle. Flat oval slightly raised base-ring.

Date: Second half of second to first half of first century B.C.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: None found; for a slightly different bull’s-head lamp, see Merkens 1905, no. 168; Loeschcke, Willers, and Niessen 1911, no. 2143, pl. 84; Waldhauer 1914, no. 502, pl. 47, and nos. 508–9 and 512, pl. 48; Iványi 1935, no. 6, pl. 63; Fernández Chicarro 1956, no. 16, fig. 45; Howland 1958, no. 617, pl. 48; Bălută 1965, no. 4, pl. 8; Bruneau 1965, nos. 4771 and 4775–76, pl. 26; Szentléleky 1969, nos. 86a and 87a; Bailey BM I, Q 705, pl. 130; Gualandi Genito 1977, no. 509, pl. 67; Bailey BM II, pl. 47 (several parallels); Skinkel-Taupin 1980, no. 7a; Möhring 1989, no. 1, fig. 1, no. 3, fig. 5, no. 4, fig. 6, no. 5, fig. 7, no. 6, fig. 8, no. 7, fig. 9, and no. 8, fig. 19; Pastorino 1990, no. 14, fig. 4; Schäfer and Marczoch 1990, p. 63, no. 69, and p. 64, no. 70; Mlasowsky 1993, p. 421, no. 410; Chrzanovski 2002; Bémont and Chew 2007, pp. 207, 455, pl. 30, IT 119.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

607

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.438.503

Dimensions: L: 6.2 cm; W: 3.2 cm; H: 3.2 cm

Condition and Fabric: Heavily restored and overpainted. Clay near 10YR8/2 very pale brown, thin glaze mostly 7.5YR4/3 dark brown (bottom lighter).

Description: Moldmade. Miniature lamp in the shape of a pigeon or dove; the small feathers around the neck and the long ones covering the wings are carefully rendered. Filling-hole on the bird’s back. Round short nozzle on each side of its head. Legs accurately designed on base.

Date: Second half of first century A.D. or later (Möhring)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Italy

Parallels: (Identical) Möhring 1989, p. 815, no. 14, and p. 816, fig. 16.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

608

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.438.437

Dimensions: L: 11.6 cm; W: (body) 4.9 cm, (nozzles) 6.8 cm; H: 1.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Crack across discus; heavily restored in plaster and overpainted. Clay near 7.5YR8/2 pinkish white, varying glaze 10YR7/3 very pale brown (top), 7.5YR6/4 light brown (bottom slightly overpainted).

Description: Boat-shaped lamp. Moldmade. Solid rounded vertical handle at each end. Flat oval deck, slightly depressed, edged with a raised flat rim; fore and aft on deck, two cylindrical striated bulks (coiled ropes[?]) between two small globules; two additional globules at the base of one handle; small unidentified round objects beside each bulk. Two flat nozzles on each side of the boat. On the right side of the upper bulk possibly two letters, P and R (the potter’s initials), as on Möhring’s identical lamp no. 84 with a better relief. Lozenge-shaped filling-hole in the middle of the deck. Flat base.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus, but see description.

Date: (If authentic) second century A.D.(?) or possibly later (the Kerameikos example is dated third to fifth century A.D.)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Rome (Italy)

Parallels:
(Identical) Göttlicher 1978, p. 89, no. 536, pl. 42 (no signature); Möhring 1989, no. 84, fig. 101, with potter’s signature: letters P and R in relief, fig. 102 (fr.); (close) Waldhauer 1914, no. 505, pl. 48, with six nozzles and rectangular deck showing practically the same decor, but with a planta pedis with letters CTPF (from Italy, Herculaneum[?]).

For further variants of this boat shape, with six nozzles: Seidel 2002, no. 76 (from Italy); with eight nozzles: Perlzweig 1961, pl. 23j; and Böttger 2002, nos. 2683 and 2710, pls. 50–51 (Kerameikos, Athens); with ten nozzles: Mercando 1962, no. 2, pl. 16; Sapelli 1979, no. 342, pl. 39; and Chrzanovski 2006, p. 93, N39; with twelve nozzles: Bailey BM II, Q 1146–Q 1148, pls. 48–49; with fourteen nozzles: Möhring 1989, figs. 104–5; with sixteen round nozzles: Daremberg and Saglio 1877–1919, vol. 3, p. 1324, fig. 4580 (from Herculaneum, Museo Archeologico Nazionale, Naples); with thirty nozzles: Bruneau 1965, no. 4535, pl. 27, see also his nos. 4545–4546.

For a forgery close to cat. 608, with six nozzles and a rectangular deck, see Bailey BM III, Q 3376, pl. 129.

For a different boat shape, see Menzel 1969, p. 73, fig. 58, with a long list of refs.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

Discussion: The lamp may be a fake.

609

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.476

Dimensions: L: 7.9 cm; W: 4.5 cm; H: 5.4 cm

Condition and Fabric: Intact. Clay 5YR5/4 reddish brown, same color slip, partially darkened by fire on top.

Description: Moldmade. Vertical plain suspension ring on top of lamp. Deep body in the shape of a pinecone; upper and lower parts of basin entirely covered by scales conventionally represented as globules. Filling-hole behind the handle. Typologically speaking, this lamp belongs to Loeschcke type X-Kurzform, Firmalampen with short nozzle (see cat. 455). This suspension lamp has no flat base.

Date: A.D. 100 to 250

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Cologne (Germany)

Parallels: Iványi 1935, nos. 3691–98, pl. 54; Haken 1958, no. 89, pl. 2; Buchi 1975, pp. 205–7, nos. 1587–98, pl. 70 (with further refs.); Gualandi Genito 1977, nos. 514–15, pl. 68; Leibundgut 1977, no. 929, pl. 14; Sapelli 1979, no. 343, pl. 39; Panazza 1984, no. 66, pl. 35; Möhring 1989, p. 824, fig. 32; Goethert 1991, p. 157, fig. 23; Hübinger 1993, no. 146, pl. 18; Meylan 2002, no. 692; Kirsch 2002, no. 437, pl. 23; Chrzanovski 2006, p. 73, no. 99 (Musée d’Art et d’Histoire, Geneva, inv. no. MF 667); Bémont and Chew 2007, pp. 207, 455, pl. 30, IT 121.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

III.J Terracotta Lanterns

For lanterns in general, see Loeschcke 1909, pls. 28–36; Hug 1924; Forbes 1958; Groothand 1961; Bailey 1971–72, pp. 101–2, pl. 32a; and Bagatti 1972, pp. 39–41, fig. 5.

Cats. 610 and 611 should perhaps more appropriately be called lamp-holders rather than lanterns. Their efficiency as lighting devices must have been mediocre. They may have been used to carry or keep a lit lamp to protect it from draft, or to watch through the night in children’s rooms or sickrooms and frighten away evil spirits.

There is no secure basis for suggesting any date for cat. 611. As for cat. 610, we will propose the first century A.D. because of a certain similarity with Hayes’s lantern no. 565 from Egypt.

610

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.515.1

Dimensions: D: 8.9 (front to back of head); W: 8.3 (ear to ear); H: 13 cm; base: 6.2 cm × 4.7 cm

Condition and Fabric: Nose restored in plaster. Clay near 5YR6/6 reddish yellow, unevenly preserved glaze varying from 10R5/6 red to 10R4/3 weak red.

Description: Moldmade. Much powdery gold mica. Right and left sides molded separately and joined; the bottom is a separate slab. Ring handle on top for transport. The lantern has the shape of a male head wearing a conical cap (Phrygian[?]) with thirteen applied rosettes in relief (seven on the left side, six on the right); a wide opening in the lower back makes it possible to place a lit lamp on the floor of the lantern; nine holes would let out light: in the eyes, the ears, the nostrils, the cheeks, and the mouth.

Date: Late first to early second century A.D.(?), suggested by the chronology of miniature lamp cat. 435 associated with it and by a comparison with the date given by Hayes for lantern no. 565 (Hayes 1980), which has some similarity.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: None exact. Some related head-shaped lanterns are: Bailey BM I, pp. 280–81, Q 612, pl. 115, from Egypt (a theater mask with conical hat); Hayes 1980, pp. 143–44, no. 565, pl. 68, from Fayum, Egypt (first century A.D.).

Provenance: Before 1973, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); before 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Antiken aus Rheinischem Privatbesitz, pp. 126–27, no. 193, pl. 86.

Discussion: As a lighting device, the lantern cannot have been very efficient; it was, rather, a lamp-holder into which a separate lit lamp was placed or transported. In Schüller’s collection, this lantern and miniature lamp cat. 435 were associated; they most probably had been found together, for they have the same clay with mica and the same glaze.

611

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.446

Dimensions: L: 10.0 cm; W: 9.6 cm; H: (with handle) 14.2 cm; Diam: (of base) 7.8 cm

Condition and Fabric: Broken-off handle reattached; some chips on vessel rim. Clay near 2.5YR6/8 light red, thick creamy slip 7.5YR7/2 pinkish gray.

Description: Wheelmade. Lamp holder. High globular body on a flat slightly raised circular base; large transverse loop handle. Back wall pierced by nine small holes. Front with large slanted opening, starting about one third up from base.

Date: Undetermined. The fact that lanterns of relatively similar form are found from very different dates underlines the persistence of the simple shape as well as of its utility; see, e.g., Bailey BM I, p. 227, Q 496, pl. 98 (fourth to third century B.C.); and Motsianos et al. 2011, p. 155, no. 31 (fifth to sixth century A.D.).

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: None exact. Of the many lanterns/lamp-carriers in the shape of a hut or basket with perforated walls and a handle, we suggest the following for very general similarities: Bailey 1965 VAM, p. 61, no. 200, pl. IX, from Salamis in Cyprus (early Hellenistic[?]); Hayes 1980, pp. 143–44, no. 564, pl. 68; and Bailey BM III, p. 244, Q 1997 and Q 1998, pl. 40, and p. 291, Q 2357, pl. 62.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

Discussion: The absence of any reservoir or socket and wick-holder excludes any lighting function of its own. The device could have been used to carry a lit lamp, whose flame it would have protected from draft.

IV.IV IV. Metal Lamps

Very few lamps of precious metal have been preserved from antiquity. Many were undoubtedly melted down in later eras. But we can assume that such items were seen as rarities even then, judging from their limited mentions by ancient authors. Most famous is the golden lamp burning continually in the Temple of Athena Polias in Athens, a work by the sculptor Callimachus (Pausanias 1.26.6; De Caro 1998, pp. 240–41; Stupperich 2013). Literary fiction connects a golden lamp, for instance, with Athena (Odyssey 19.34), and a golden boat lamp with an Isis procession (Apuleius Metamorphoses 11.10), and there is mention of gilded palatial lamps (Statius Thebais 1.521).

The reality is equally meager: an exceptional double-nozzled first-century A.D. lamp from Pompeii (De Caro 1998); a gilded bronze lamp from Maserà, near Domodossola (Piedmont) (Notizie degli scavi 1894); and a now-lost crystal-and-gold lamp from the tomb of the wife of Honorius, Empress Maria (died A.D. 407), which was found in Old St. Peter’s Basilica in the Vatican, are tantalizing echoes. (For older refs., see Daremberg and Saglio 1877–1919, 3:2, pp. 1321–22; and RE 13.2, col. 1569.)

Among extant examples, the gold lamp cat. 612 is therefore a true rarity, as it is also for its exquisite workmanship and unusual combination of gold and glass. The small size and lack of burn marks make its actual use for lighting unlikely; it would have made a valued present, or a votive, a role one imagines for most precious-metal lamps. The impression of scarcity produced by the remains must, however, be weighed against Pliny’s description of the widespread and extraordinary use of both gold and silver from the Late Republican period on (e.g., Naturalis Historia 33.42–63 passim).

Although silver lamps may have been more common than gold ones, they are likewise rarely recorded in ancient literature, perhaps less worthy of commentary than gold. The Greek Anthology, for instance, mentions one (5.5); and one is dedicated to divinities in Ostia (De Caro 1998, p. 241). But archaeological records inform us of several once-known but now-lost such lamps (e.g., Bosio 1632–34, 448; and the Esquiline treasure: a small one-nozzled lamp and a candelabrum, see Shelton 1981, pp. 23 and 94).

The actual remains are not many: a figured silver lamp in the British Museum (Bailey BM IV, Q 3567, p. 14, pl. 9) along with two silver lampstands (Bailey BM IV, Q 3917, p. 103, pls. 132–33, and Q 3924, p. 105, pl. 136); a silver-incrusted bronze lamp from a provincial tomb in Tongeren (Belgium) (RE 13.2, col. 1569); two miniature lamps from a young girl’s grave found in the area north of Rome and now in the Antikenmuseum in Berlin (Platz 1978, p. 187, nos. 262–63, with ill.); a first-century lamp of Loeschcke type XIX from Hungary (Valenza Mele 1981, p. 49 and n. 47); a candelabrum from the Kaiseraugst treasure (Baratte 1984); and a silver-plated lamp lid (Bailey BM IV, Q 3614, p. 24).

If we assume votive use for most precious-metal lamps, it is perhaps not surprising that there are almost no lamps in the numerous large Late Antique silver treasures; seen against the overwhelming amount of silver household goods recovered, this lack points to the limited popularity and suitability of silver for lamps. (An excellent listing of locations and content of such treasures of the fourth and early fifth centuries A.D. is in Guggisberg 2003, pp. 333–46; equally lacking in lamps is the extensive Stadler 2006.)

The rarity and lack of context makes it difficult to date the unusual Getty lamps. The single Getty silver lamp, cat. 613, like the gold lamp cat. 612, is small, delicate, and damaged. No parallel has been found for either one.

Metal—bronze in particular—came to play a central role in Roman economy and social culture, especially from the Late Republican period on. But in spite of the large amount of extant ancient bronze lamps, their date is often uncertain, even when their context is known. The reason for this is the obvious longevity of the individual products. Although less costly than the items of precious metal discussed above, they were certainly not the property of every household. Their value is indicated, for instance, by a fortuitous find in Pompeii: a fairly simple one-nozzled bronze lamp found in an intact strongbox in a modest private house (see Conticello de’ Spagnolis 1987). We also know of richer houses where up to six bronze lamps have been recovered.

The formal uniqueness among bronze lamps is due primarily to their method of production, mostly cire perdue, which created baffling varieties, at times making a close typology difficult. With rare exceptional examples from the Bronze Age (see, e.g., Bailey BM IV, p. 5), the general time span of bronze lamps reaches from the ninth or eighth century B.C. until the Arab invasion of the Mediterranean in the seventh century A.D., after which their occurrence wanes.

The longevity goes both for individual items and for types, many of which continue into the Christian era, thus adding to the problem of dating (see some startling examples of documented survival given in Bailey BM IV, p. vii).

The relation between clay lamps and bronze lamps has long been recognized. An approximate calculation assumes roughly a 1:200 numerical ratio in the Greek period, with metal lamps increasing considerably in Roman times (see Forbes 1966, p. 155). No precise numerical comparison of clay or bronze lamps from, for instance, Pompeii or Herculaneum has been done so far.

More significant than the numbers is the parallel or reciprocal formal relationship between the two media. The imitation or inspiration of style is often close, especially in the transition from the first century B.C. to the first century A.D. (Valenza Mele 1981, p. 42) and constitutes a growing field of systematic inquiry, which lies beyond the scope of the present work. (See, e.g., Xanthopoulou 2005, for the Late Roman period, with further refs.). General opinion is strongly in favor of bronze lamps being the models for clay lamps, with obvious adjustments for both market demands and technical necessities (see, e.g., Pettinau 1990, pp. 88–89). The admiration for bronze lamps is seen in a number of ways: for instance, the dark glaze of Ephesus clay lamps was undoubtedly intended to imitate bronze (see cats. 44–50); occasionally metal antecedents survive in clay as decoration, without any function (see Introduction to Firmalampen, before cat. 441, or cat. 147 and cat. 148 for hinges without any lid). The suggestion that such features can help us restore lost metal lamps is well taken (Perlzweig 1961, pp. 4–5). The chronological implications of these relationships are explored especially by Valenza Mele 1981 passim.[1]

In spite of the chronological problems indicated, it is possible to give a rough developmental outline of the bronze items, although generally not with the same categorical refinements into types as for the vastly more numerous clay lamps. The material from the Vesuvian region lends itself best to classifications. (For some attempts at developmental overviews, see, e.g., Menzel 1969, p. 106; and Bailey BM IV, pp. 5–7 and 12–13, with introductions to subsequent chapters. For more narrowly focused treatments, see refs. in typological sections below.) The fundamental, classic Roman lamp typologies were established by Loeschcke 1919 on the basis of the restricted dates of the Roman camp at Vindonissa during the first and early second centuries A.D. Loeschcke’s typologies may generally be more suitable to clay lamps than to bronzes (see Leibundgut 1977, pp. 60–64, pls. 18–20); however, because these classifications are used by some scholars also for bronzes, they will be indicated here, when deemed relevant.

Just as the dates of bronze lamps are marked by uncertainty, so often is the place of production. It can be assumed that Early Imperial lamps were mostly produced in Italy, as were the lamps from the second to fourth century A.D. The Late Roman products, on the other hand, seem to derive primarily from the eastern Mediterranean (see Bailey BM IV, p. vii). The types of the first and second centuries spread rapidly to other parts of the empire, as confirmed by general parallels found and by the geographical places of manufacture or origin indicated for the Getty lamps (primarily Asia Minor).

The Getty bronze lamps vary widely in chronology, from the eighth century B.C. to at least the sixth century A.D., but their distribution is not even: the majority belongs to Roman times, or, even more narrowly, to the Early Imperial period.

Cat. 614 is the oldest bronze lamp in the collection and the only Archaic item. Deriving from Sardinia, it is in the shape of a boat. Boat models, often used as lamps, are found both in clay and bronze (Göttlicher 1978 with large bronze repertory, nos. 374–437, pp. 70–76); their functions are much debated. Some are verifiable lamps, other models are assumed to be votive offerings or to have liturgical or funerary use (Göttlicher 1978, esp. pp. 4–11; Thimme 1983, pp. 43–44). If indeed cat. 614 was a lamp, the wick would have hung over the stern. It belongs to a tradition common on Sardinia, starting in the eighth century B.C. or perhaps earlier. These objects often include various animal protomes on the railings and at the prow (for a repertory of animals, see, e.g., Lilliu 1966, p. 27; Depalmas 2005); most often a handle either spans the midship or (later) has the form of a mast; both carry a top loop for suspension; the transverse handle is broken off on the Getty example. (For the export pattern of such lamps, see Lilliu 1971 and Depalmas 2012; for the metal composition of Sardinian bronzes, see Balmuth and Tykot 2002).

Classical-period bronze lamps are rare, and the Getty has none. With the Hellenistic era, on the other hand, their frequency increases, see cat. 615. The characteristics of clay lamps of this period are very evident also in bronze lamps: bulbous bodies and extended narrow nozzles (cf. clay lamps above, esp. cats. 28–32). The latter feature requires a counterweight to balance the lamp, especially metal lamps, and the handles are therefore frequently elaborately developed with backward-leaning attached shields, often in vegetal form. (In addition to the parallels quoted under cat. 615, see also Loeschcke 1919, p. 472, fig. 44.) A lid is often added, hinged or attached with a chain, plain or with figure decoration, a feature that survived for centuries. Especially in Roman Imperial times bronze lamps come into their own; their numbers increase along with proliferation of types, which are preserved particularly from Campania, and in the later phases predominantly from the eastern Mediterranean.

Because inscriptions on bronze lamps are very rare, the prime interest of the small modest lamp cat. 616 is the inscription casually incised on the base: POI retrograde, evidently a secondary act, inscribed at some time after the lamp was cast, presumably part of a name. The triangular nozzle of this lamp ultimately derives from Hellenistic lamps, especially from Asia Minor (see cats. 28–36). Goethert 1997 holds that this lamp type was concentrated in the area of the Rhine, Austria, and eastern France (p. 187). That fits with the reported findspot of cat. 615—the lower Rhine Valley.

For dating bronze lamps, the main chronological peg for the first century A.D. is, of course, the finds from the area destroyed by Vesuvius in A.D. 79, which provides a terminus ante quem. But another earlier important discovery with a reasonably focused date is the Mahdia shipwreck (see Barr-Sharrar 1994). Several large and well-preserved bronze lamps from the wreck are dated to the early first century B.C. Their particular characteristics are the double nozzles with sizeable wide curved volutes ending in a knob or merely a point (see Barr-Sharrar 1994, esp. pp. 643–51). The find has, in fact, given name to this particular shape—Mahdia type. These lamps along with other luxury items were probably on board the ship from Athens or another Greek location, destined for Italy; perhaps their Greek parentage can be seen in large double-nozzled clay lamps such as Broneer type XXI of the late first century B.C. (Broneer 1930, pls. 8 and 9).

Mahdia-type lamps are regarded as the starting point for what would develop into the most prevailing feature of Roman Imperial lamps, both in clay and bronze: the short nozzle-volute lamps with double or single knobs (corresponding to Loeschcke types I–V). Cats. 617 and 618 are first-century A.D. echoes of Mahdia-type lamps, although of modest size and plain decor. The double-nozzled cat. 617 has a large crescent over its ring handle, an iconographic staple since the Late Hellenistic period; it occurs frequently in the Vesuvian area (see Valenza Mele 1981, nos. 69, 75, 79–80, and 82; for the very few Mahdia-type lamps in the Museo Archeologico Nazionale, Naples, see ibid., pp. 29–32, nos. 43–46; and Conticello de’ Spagnolis and De Carolis 1988, no. 13, pp. 41–43). Curiously, after a considerable chronological hiatus Mahdia-type lamps reappear in the third and fourth centuries, often with elaborate added details (see Bailey BM IV, Q 3771–Q 3777, pp. 62–63, pls. 72–74; Xanthopoulou 2010, pp. 3–5). The Getty Museum has no such late example.

Dating cats. 617 and 618 is difficult in the absence of any close parallels. They rather appear to be simplified derivations/evolutions of original Mahdia lamps imported to Italy. Barr-Sharrar 1994 seems to confirm such an interpretation (pp. 648–651). This is particularly true for the rare cat. 618, the single-nozzled lamp, a form also uncommon in clay. The one single-nozzled lamp from the Mahdia wreck is, in fact, quite unlike cat. 618 (see illustration in Barr-Sharrar 1994, p. 650). On the original Mahdia lamps the handle (when present) consists of a large ring, connected with a leaf ornament. Cats. 617 and 618 maintain the ring, but alter—or omit—the decor. For theories on the possible origin of the Mahdia type, see Valenza Mele 1981, pp. 29–30, who suggests a relation to long-nozzled volute-lamps from Asia Minor.

More common than the large volutes discussed above are other first-century A.D. types, as seen on cats. 619 and 620. Instead, there are small protrusions at the inner side of the nozzle only, and the body is considerably lower than before. Both lamps balance their elongated nozzles with a proportionately substantial handle and shield. (Cat. 620 was a suspension lamp.) Both cats. 619 and 620 belong to Loeschcke type XIX, a very numerous and widespread lamp form from the mid-first century all through the second century A.D. (Valenza Mele 1981, pp. 49–50).

Cat. 621 is more unusual: a curious combination of features, each separately familiar. The flat circular discus, enclosed by a low flat rim created by the raised side-walls, refers to Firmalampen, as does the channel from discus to nozzle with a small vent to carry oil overflow; and the curved handle ending in an animal head is a feature common from the first century on. The sum total of cat. 621 is original and striking; highlighted by the finely carved leaf collar, it is a lamp at the edge of a large class of bronze lamps influenced by the Firmalampen, popular during the first and second centuries (for clay Firmalampen, see cats. 442–48 and 449–50).

The curved neck handle ending in a variety of animal heads (horse, bird, deer, griffin), or, occasionally, a human head, was common at Pompeii and elsewhere and is found combined also with numerous examples of the elegant pear-shaped lamps from the first century A.D. (the Getty Museum has none of these, but see, e.g., Comstock and Vermeule 1971, pp. 348–49, no. 498 [from Egypt]; Valenza Mele 1981, nos. 261–80; Conticello de’ Spagnolis and De Carolis 1988, nos. 83–106; and Chrzanovski 2003, p. 91, nos. 109–10 [from Switzerland]. In spite of their obvious fragility, some clay lamps have this type of handle: see cat. 472, and Rosenthal and Sivan 1978, pp. 90–91, nos. 368–72).

Another first-century A.D. type lamp is preserved with its stand: cat. 622. It represents a tendency much more common in metal than clay lamps: suspension facility. In this case, the chain is attached to three loops—for maximum stability, the most frequent arrangement. Possibly the persistent tendency to hang or attach bronze lamps to stands derives from a desire to avoid the heat the metal might generate. This lamp shape still shows the need to balance the long nozzle with a large ring handle and leaf. The volutes are abandoned for small knob protrusions, here both at the outer and inner ends of the nozzle. A domed lid is still attached to its hinges. The production appears limited and is dated from the end of the first century B.C. to the early first century A.D. (Valenza Mele 1981, pp. 42–43, and nos. 72 or 79, although with different handles).

Two further sizeable suspension lamps, cats. 623 and 624, both have double-nozzles on opposite sides of a central circular discus, but otherwise they display some internal typological differences: cat. 623 (belonging to Loeschcke type XIX) has semivolutes and a well-defined circular discus, marked by a raised rim, leaving no room for a shoulder outside. It is a numerous category, with both one and two nozzles and various internal variations of detail (closest parallels: Valenza Mele 1981, pp. 77–78, nos. 192–95; Conticello de’ Spagnolis and De Carolis 1988, esp. pp. 70–71, nos. 54 and 56). It is dated from the mid-first to well into the second century A.D. (Valenza Mele 1981, p. 50). Cat. 624, on the other hand, is well known in bronze, but rarer in clay; there are no volutes, but the whole circumference of the lamp, including the nozzles, is surrounded by a slightly raised flat ledge; the interior is also flat; it is classified as either Loeschcke type XX or type XXI, two closely overlapping groups (our lamp would date to shortly before A.D. 79: Valenza Mele 1981, discussion pp. 118–20, p. 123, no. 296). Both lamps have extant suspension chains (cat. 624’s is broken) attached to loops in the form of gracious swan’s heads and necks. Such bird’s heads—variously identified as swans, geese, or ducks—are occasionally found instead of a plain loop (e.g., Bailey BM IV, Q 3654, p. 35, pl. 40; Valenza Mele 1981, pp. 123–24, nos. 296–97, Loeschcke type XXI; also seen on her group nos. 128–30 and 133–34, pp. 61–63, Loeschcke type XIX). In addition, cat. 623 retains an uninscribed metal plate (tabula ansata) as an intermediary link to the top hook (possibly intended for the owner’s name or a votive inscription). It could theoretically also have existed on cat. 624. The bottom treatment of cat. 623 is notable for the multiplicity and depth of the internal rills; when such base treatments are found on clay lamps, they clearly signal metal models (see, e.g., Perlzweig 1961, nos. 1242 and 1259, pl. 25; among the clay lamps above, see esp. cats. 155–56, clay versions of Mahdia-type two-nozzle lamps, and cat. 472, imitating a bronze lamp with tall curved neck).

The last double-nozzled lamp, cat. 625, is of special interest due to the application of elephant heads on the sides of the body. Applied decorations between the nozzles occur occasionally on multinozzled lamps (seen already on a large three-nozzled lamp from the Mahdia shipwreck: Barr-Sharrar 1994, pp. 640–41 [comic head]; several recorded in Valenza Mele 1981, e.g., p. 31, no. 43 [comic head], pp. 61–62, nos. 128–29 [bull protomes], p. 62, no. 130 [lion’s head], p. 124, nos. 297–98 [bull protomes], and p. 124, no. 299 [female mask]). The elephant motif as such is found sparingly in classical art, but more often from the time of Alexander the Great on. It is rare in connection with lamps: a few use the elephant head as the lamp body, with the trunk as functional nozzle (see Comstock and Vermeule 1971, p. 349, no. 490; and Bailey BM IV, pp. 15–16, Q 3574, pl. 14, third to second century B.C., with further refs. of early occurrences). A most spectacular example comes from the graves at Vani (first century B.C.): three elephant trunks constituting the lamp nozzles with human busts between (see Kakarava and Kvirkvelia 2008, p. 76); for a lampstand using elephant trunks as feet, see Bailey BM IV, Q 3871, p. 92, pls. 104–5 (first century A.D.). On the Getty lamp the applied motif is strictly ornamental.

Figured (plastic) lamps were popular from the Hellenistic period on; they are found widely in the Mediterranean area, possibly with a preponderance in Egypt, which emerges as a major production place, along with Italy. Relatively common in clay (see cats. 586–609), rarer in bronze, their major popularity is considered to fall in the first and second centuries A.D. Subjects cover a broad iconographic range, both anthropomorphic and zoomorphic; clay and bronze lamps follow very similar trends of taste. The extensive figured-lamp collection in Cologne, published in Möhring 1989, gives an excellent overview of the variations and occurrences, although covering only clay lamps. Möhring, along with others, stresses the head lamp as a favorite with wide representation: especially for ethnic varieties (Africans being the most prominent), mythological figures (esp. from the Bacchic circle), and animals such as bulls (see Bailey BM IV, Q 3574–Q 3585, pls. 14–16, illustrating trends in taste, both humorous and at times slightly grotesque).

The Getty collection contains three figured bronze lamps, two from the Early Imperial period: cats. 626–27 (cat. 630 belongs in Late Antiquity). Cat. 626 is a fine head of a comic theater mask. The open mouth serves as the filling-hole, surrounded by a carefully striated beard; expressive features are deeply modeled, beneath a hairdo covered with a wreath of leaves and berries, commonly connected with comedy heads and the Bacchic sphere in general. (Cf. the elaborate garland encircling the large Mahdia-wreck lamp mentioned above.) The elegant curved handle, now detached, has similar vegetal decor. A head lamp in the Naples Museum is iconographically close, but functionally a variant: in the large mouth is a smaller wick-hole, with the filling-hole in a large flower covering the substantial ring handle; a wreath of vines surrounds the head; there are suspension loops (Valenza Mele 1981, pp. 155–56, no. 367, the only preserved comic theater head lamp from the Naples Museum). Two closely related head lamps found in Germany, however, confirm the popularity of the form (Menzel 1966, p. 83, no. 200, pl. 63; Menzel 1986, p. 104, no. 242, pl. 113; both identified by Goethert 1997, pp. 187–88, as Silenus heads).

Cat. 627 belongs to a more unusual category, where the whole lamp takes on a vegetal form, possibly to connect with the Roman taste for decor inspired by nature. It brings to mind a well-known passage in Pliny on a most elaborate example of such a fixture: lamps suspended in imitation of apples on a tree, of Hellenistic Greek background, transferred to the Temple of Apollo on the Palatine Hill in Rome (Naturalis Historia 34.8.14). In cat. 627, the lamp body is a pinecone (torch[?]) at the end of a striated stem. Although unusual, some parallels are known: Valenza Mele 1981, p. 152, quotes examples both from Pompeii, Aquileia, and Ephesus. Two related lamps consisting of acanthus buds for the body come from the Veneto region (now in Vienna, see Beschi 1962, pp. 102–4), thus making Italy the likely origin of the type.

The three lamps from Late Antiquity represent very different trends. Common denominators of the period include bulbous body forms and large circular wick-holes in the shape of sunken cups. Also frequent is a cavity in the bottom for fitting the lamp to a spiked support. In spite of its small size, cat. 628 is typical in those respects. Expressly Christian symbols, such as crosses, Chi-Rho monograms, or laurel wreaths on the handle shield are common accompaniments, but none of the Getty's bronze lamps carries such decors. Instead, cat. 628 has a strongly curved, backward-leaning handle ending in the expressive head of a deer(?) (cf. cat. 621, of the first century A.D.). It is often pointed out that the lamps of this late period revive many characteristics of the Late Hellenistic period. Both the heavy backward-leaning handle and the prominent wick-hole of cat. 628 fit that tendency, although the long Hellenistic nozzle is not present here, as on many late lamps (e.g., Hayes 1984, pp. 139–42, nos. 216–19; Xanthopoulou 2010, pp. 6–7).

Cat. 629 does not have informative parallels, but its general shape and detailed incised decor place it in the Byzantine tradition; see, for instance, Demirel Gökalp 2005, who for her globular lamp I.4, fig. 9, mentions two related glass lamps in Istanbul (p. 70).

The entire cat. 630 lamp can be said to be conceived as a Christian symbol. The popularity of the image of the peacock has given rise to a great amount of such lamps with only minor variations (see Lother 1929). It has even been suggested that the flame and smoke from the wick-hole might have given the appearance of the striking tail of a peacock. Egypt seems to have been an especially active production center and possibly the origin of the Getty lamp. Like many of its kind, its base was made to fit onto the spike of a stand.

The Getty Museum has one open lead lamp, cat. 631, reportedly found in Cologne, Germany. The northern Roman provinces—Germany, Switzerland, and Britain—were supplied with lamps primarily through the military camps, which have left a number of simple metal lamps of lesser quality, such as iron or lead, while bronze lamps are fairly limited north of the Alps, where tallow would have been the prime available fuel. These lamps are open, have mostly a flat bottom with sides often low and straight, and are shaped as a vague oval or figure eight. The triangular form of cat. 631 is, however, coarser than most examples published (see Loeschcke 1919, pl. 22; Leibundgut 1977, p. 302, no. 1043, pl. 21 [lead, from Vindonissa]; Goethert 1997, p. 189, inv. no. 27.244 [lead, from Trier]). Open clay lamps of parallel simple forms are also found in numbers from these areas (Loeschcke 1919, pl. 20). Handles, if extant, vary between a vertical form for hanging (which probably was the case on cat. 631) and a horizontal variant (see Bailey BM IV, Q 3754–Q 3764, pp. 57–58, pls. 65–68). Britain has provided the best parallels for cat. 631, along with a fairly well-documented date range, mostly from late first through the second century A.D.

1. The Getty's Antiquities Conservation staff investigated every bronze lamp in the Museum's collection, but no scientific laboratory analyses of metal content were performed. For general information on this matter from other sources, see, e.g., Bailey BM IV, pp. 144–63; or From the Parts to the Whole 2000–2002, with further refs., and earlier bronze congresses.↩

IV.A Gold Lamp

612

Inventory Number: 2003.441

Dimensions: L: 7.2 cm; W: 4.3 cm; max. pres. H: 1.9 cm

Condition: Lamp crushed and glass partially deteriorated. Glass globules on top and bottom range from GLEY 5G7/2 pale green to 5BG7/1 light greenish gray, with visible pitting and deterioration. Dark blue glass patches both at the side of the handle and below the nozzle are well preserved.

Description: Miniature lamp with interior made of an indeterminate substance, over which gold foil has been applied. The image on the lamp top appears in relief on the gold sheet as a male head, which fills the upper surface between handle and nozzle. Roundels of pale green glass shaped into small concentric circles have been applied in imitation of curls of hair. Locks mostly pale green, at times tending toward pink. Strap handle is covered with gold and blue glass. Filling-hole near handle surrounded by edge of small gold scallops, mostly bent out of shape, as is nozzle hole. Below the man’s chin, the upturned nozzle is surrounded by dark blue glass in imitation of a beard. Bottom of lamp was covered with greenish glass paste, which has been damaged. Despite poor preservation of the bottom, part of a central medallion remains, showing a female figure seated to right, holding out an object to a small Cupid in front of her. Broken remains of glass may have covered most of the back, e.g., underneath the nozzle tip is a small patch of glass with an unclear relief.

Date: First century B.C. to first century A.D.(?)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Unknown

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: By 1974–1988, Erwin Oppenländer, 1901–1988 (Waiblingen, Germany), by inheritance to his son, Gert Oppenländer, 1988; 1988–2003, Gert Oppenländer (Waiblingen, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 2003.

Bibliography: von Saldern et al. 1974, pp. 239 and 245, no. 701.

Discussion: Another small vessel of potential lamp shape was on the art market recently (iGavel Auctions, 28 April 2010, lot 1763670). As the relative size, material, and decor present some similarities to cat. 612, we find it worth our consideration for comparison. It is identified variously as a glass votive lamp or a perfume bottle, of white and bluish glass paste with gold fittings, and its decor is recorded as representing a chariot scene, most likely mythological (Poseidon or Nike?). It is not likely that cat. 612 was also a perfume bottle, but the shared elegance and delicacy of these miniature items present us with a similar category of rare luxury goods.

IV.B Silver Lamp

613

Inventory Number: 80.AI.9.6

Dimensions: L: 5.4 cm; W: 1.9 cm; pres. H: 0.7 cm

Condition: Badly crushed; nozzle and filling-hole damaged. Silver alloy with much lead.

Description: Miniature lamp. Ornament handle in the form of an elaborate openwork palmette. Raised edge around disc extending to form the sides of the nozzle. Inside edge, a continuous circle of beads, broken only by the handle base. Nozzle top with slightly raised checkered pattern. Circular base, also severely crushed, marked off by one deep groove. No traces of use.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Date: First to third century A.D.(?)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Unknown

Parallels: None found.

Provenance: – 1980, David Swingler, American, born 1948, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1980.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

IV.C Bronze Lamps

614

Inventory Number: 78.AQ.356

Dimensions: L: 14.3 cm; W: 6.0 cm; H: 3.0 cm

Condition: Major casting-repair patch on the bottom going into the interior; traces of corroded iron on each exterior side at the middle of the boat; one of four small birds on the rim is missing, along with the left ear or horn of the animal at the prow; broken bases of missing transverse handle on center of railing on both sides. Bronze with green and reddish-brown corrosion.

Description: Thick-walled lamp in the shape of an oval boat; originally there were four birds on the rim; at the prow, a stylized head of a horned animal (bull or deer[?] with a long snout), an early feature. The stern ends in a flat square projection, where a wick may have rested. Flat oval base.

Date: Eighth to seventh century B.C.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Sardinia

Parallels: Lilliu 1966, pp. 388–441, esp. p. 396, no. 281 (handle and birds intact); same as Göttlicher 1978, p. 71, no. 376, pl. 30; Thimme 1983, nos. 59–60, pls. 72–73 (with central handle, prow head lost) is later; Hübinger 1993, p. 162, no. 332, pl. 39 (handle and prow intact); Depalmas 2005, type 12, cat. no. 54, pl. 41.

Provenance: – 1978, Dr. Paul Flanagan (Costa Mesa, California), donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1978.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

Discussion: Cat. 614 exemplifies a large category of boat-shaped bronzes that were made in Sardinia. It is not certain that all were used as lamps; some may also have served as votive offerings and cult objects in various settings. While mainly documented on the island, they were occasionally exported to the Italian mainland and examples have been found in tombs and sanctuaries in Etruria, Latium, and Calabria. Produced over a long period of time, their evolution has been given careful analysis by Depalmas 2005 and Depalmas 2012.

615

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.499

Dimensions: L: 9.7 cm; W: 4.0 cm; H: 2.5 cm; Diam: (bottom of base) 2.6 cm

Condition: Several small holes, probably produced by gas porosity from casting; small rectangular void on lower side of nozzle is a possible repair; lid missing. Bronze with dark green patina and much corrosion.

Description: Long complex ornament handle ending in a heart-shaped plate surmounted by fleur-de-lis; shaft linking handle to lamp body in the lower part of the heart consists of a Hercules knot whose lower ends form two volutes attached to the lamp body. Supporting strut underneath handle. In front of the volutes are two hinges (for the missing lid) attached to a raised ring around the central filling-hole. Globular basin with unevenly shaped lug on each side. Long slim nozzle with flat top defined by beveled sides from filling-hole to pointed ends of wick-hole area; anvil-shaped nozzle. Flanking the nozzle base on the rounded body are two relief bands descending to the foot. Raised spreading foot with concave interior.

Date: Late Hellenistic

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: (Close) Campbell 1985, p. 43, no. 36 (lid extant, variant nozzle); related forms: Atasoy 2005, p. 103, nos. 1–5; Bailey BM IV, Q 3552, p. 9, pl. 5; Hübinger 1993, p. 162, no. 334, pl. 39; Rosenthal and Sivan 1978, p. 156, no. 645 (Hellenistic); all dated to Late Hellenistic period.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

Discussion: The long handle acts as counterweight to the long nozzle.

616

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.500

Dimensions: L: 5.8 cm; W: 2.8 cm; H: (with handle) 2.9 cm, (body) 1.3 cm

Condition: Tip of ornament handle broken off. Grayish black bronze.

Description: Flat ornament handle in the shape of a heart-shaped plain leaf (no ring behind); most probably there was a now-missing bead at the top of the leaf. Globular basin. Large filling-hole. Triangular-tipped volute-nozzle with flat top, beveled sides, and no knobs; heavy proportions. Slightly concave bottom. Three retrograde incised letters on base: P O I.

Date: First century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Lower Rhine

Parallels: (Close) Menzel 1969, p. 108, no. 690, pl. 90.1, and with two nozzles, p. 108, nos. 671–72, fig. 89.5–6; also Selesnow 1988, p. 82, also two-nozzled lamp p. 190, no. 438, pl. 58 (first century A.D.); Alram-Stern 1989, no. 627, pl. 45; Goethert 1997, p. 187, no. 142, pl. 121 (second century A.D.). For the leaf handle with ring combined with other lamp bodies, see Conticello de’ Spagnolis and De Carolis 1988, p. 76, nos. 78–79. All parallels quoted are equally small lamps.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

Discussion: Triangular nozzles have their roots in the Hellenistic period, especially in Asia Minor, as does the leaf shield with ring handle; these features live on much later as shown by Demirel Gökalp 2005, pp. 69–70, pl. 30, fig. 5 (added ring behind handle).

617

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.496

Dimensions: L: 9.5 cm; W: (body with protrusions) 4.8 cm, (exterior of both nozzles) 5.7 cm, (crescent) 4.1 cm; H: (body) 2.6 cm, (with handle) 5.6 cm

Condition: Hole in bottom of base; thin pale green patina on surface; underlying bronze is a deep red-brown color.

Description: Handle and ornament most likely molded and added after casting of body; sharp curves finished postcasting. Ornament handle in the shape of a beveled crescent with a small globule at each end; large ring behind. Globular body with rounded plain rim. Large plain-lipped filling-hole, lid missing. Two round-tipped volute-nozzles; no inner volute-knobs but instead sharp points; no ribs on sides under volutes. Flat nozzle tops with beveled sides; heart-shaped wick-holes. Raised base forming solid circular foot.

Date: First century B.C. to first century A.D.(?)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: Bieber 1915, p. 93, no. 420, pl. 54 (handle missing); Rosenthal and Sivan 1978, p. 157, nos. 649–50 (heavier nozzles, large inner volute-knobs pointed, handles missing); Valenza Mele 1981, pp. 29–32, nos. 43–46; Conticello de’ Spagnolis and De Carolis 1988, pp. 43 and 45, no. 13; Barr-Sharrar 1994, pp. 644–50, three lamps from the Mahdia shipwreck; see also cats. 155 and 156 for similar examples in clay.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

618

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.497

Dimensions: L: 6.7 cm; W: 2.8 cm; H: (body) 2.2 cm, (with inner pointed knobs) 3.1 cm; Diam: (foot) 1.6 cm × 1.7 cm

Condition: Small rectangular hole on nozzle bottom (possibly repaired casting-flaw that has fallen out). Pale green bronze.

Description: Ring handle. Globular body. Large filling-hole with raised lip. Long nozzle with flat top and beveled sides, flanked on each side by two sharp pointed ends instead of knobs; inner nozzle ends defined by postcasting filing. Raised flat oval base making a low foot.

Date: First century B.C. to first century A.D.(?)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: None found; double-volutes or pointed knobs occur mostly on two-nozzled lamps, see cat. 617. Valenza Mele 1981, p. 149, no. 349, has some affinities; it is rare among the Naples Museum lamps.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

619

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.494

Dimensions: L: 10.9 cm; W: 5.0 cm; H: (with handle) 5.0 cm, (body only) 2.0 cm

Condition: Intact, except for missing lid. Deep golden brown bronze.

Description: Ornament ring handle, whose inside has some postcasting repair; handle surmounted by curved leaf with marked veins, round knob at tip. Flat shallow circular body with rounded profile. Elaborate lathe-worked molding around central filling-hole, consisting of an outer flat-topped ring and two inner thinner ridges; additional raised lip around filling-hole. Long slender flat-topped nozzle (possibly filed flat postcasting) with single undecorated volutes, with somewhat uneven ribs down the side; spade-shaped tip with circular wick-hole. Raised base-ring with two thinner inner ridges; raised dot surrounded by lathe-turned raised ring in center.

Date: First to second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: The ring handle and this leaf ornament are a frequent combination: Valenza Mele 1981, p. 80, no. 203 (close for low basin, rim, and handle treatment); Bailey BM IV, Q 3614, pp. 24–25, pl. 25 (heavier proportions); with small double-volutes and different leaf handles: Baur 1947, pp. 74–75, nos. 423 and 430, pl. 14; Kuzmanov 1992, p. 141, no. 414.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

620

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.498

Dimensions: L: 10.6 cm; W: 4.2 cm; H: (with handle) 3.8 cm, (body) 2.0 cm

Condition: Intact except for a lost suspension loop at front handle base. Heavy green incrustation; marks of iron contact under nozzle and on side of left suspension lug.

Description: Leaf and handle cast in one. Flat tulip-shaped ornament handle with knob on central petal, ring behind. Biconvex body, rounded rim. Thick raised ring, made separately and attached, surrounding large filling-hole. Long volute-nozzle with spade-shaped tip and small wick-hole; at junction of nozzle and rim, two volute-knobs pierced for suspension. Raised wide base-ring, central button.

Date: First to second century A.D.(?)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: None found; (for handle) Rosenthal and Sivan 1978, p. 158, no. 656; for nozzle and pierced volutes, ibid., no. 654 (second century A.D.); Valenza Mele 1981, p. 57, no. 111, and p. 65, no. 141, both with different handle shields; for a close profile: Conticello de’ Spagnolis and De Carolis 1988, p. 74, no. 70, and pp. 74–76, no. 78, volutes not pierced.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

621

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.521

Dimensions: L: 19.6 cm; W: 11.0 cm; H: (with handle) 15.6 cm, (body only) 5.3 cm

Condition: Handle reattached; lid missing. Original color deep brown, seen on bottom; some green copper carbonate; pale white carbonate deposits under handle.

Description: Separately cast elaborate ornament handle with post–casting incisions; at the end of the curved handle, a panther’s head surrounded by a leaf collar; handle and head cast in one piece; handle decorated in two parts, separated by a horizontal band half way; leaf-shaped lower part of handle is soldered to upper body of lamp; upper part of handle ends in a leaf-pattern behind attachment to the collar, which consists of five spreading acanthus leaves behind the panther’s head; two rings between head and collar: front one decorated with a twisted cord, back one with a series of ovolos. Circular body with straight vertical sides, curving in toward raised foot. Large flat discus surrounded by upper part of body wall forming a raised rim; midway between rim and center, two thin incised circles. Central filling-hole surrounded by raised rim and inner lower beveling for now-lost lid. Long nozzle with spade-shaped tip; on its flat top is a groove from discus rim to wick-hole; small hole pierced through the rim to allow spilled oil to drain to wick-hole. Base consisting of outer raised band with median groove; inside, slightly sunken area; midway toward center, a narrow flat ring marked off by one exterior groove; central sunken dot.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Date: Second century A.D.(?)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: None found; for leaf collar, see the handle shield with frayed edges and perforated holes of Valenza Mele 1981, p. 59, nos. 118–19.

Provenance: By 1973, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); – 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Antiken aus Rheinischem Privatbesitz, p. 134, no. 205, pl. 90.

622

Inventory Number: 80.AQ.140.1 (lamp) and .2 (stand)

Dimensions:
80.AQ.140.1 (lamp): L: 11.5 cm; W: (body) 4.8 cm, (with suspension hooks) 5.5 cm; H: (body) 2.3 cm, (to top of lid) 4.0 cm, (with hook to bottom) 13.4 cm; Diam: (foot) 3.4 cm

80.AQ.140.2. (stand): H: 26.0 cm; W: (at feet) 11.0 cm; Diam: (average of stem) 1.0 cm

Condition:
80.AQ.140.1 (lamp): Much restoration with fill and sanding through the patina to the ancient metal (on leaf, hinge, hanging lug, and innermost link of chain). Nozzle restored, soldered, and sanded. Bottom and back of lamp retain the ancient patina of green and red corrosion.

80.AQ.140.2 (stand): Green copper carbonate corrosion; one foot and one branch for hanging have broken off and been mended; the foot is possibly new, for the repair is more yellow than the rest (use of brass as alloy[?]).

Description:
80.AQ.140.1 (lamp): Leaf-shaped ornament handle with ring behind; strut from ring to bottom leaf. Globular body, flat top. Filling-hole surrounded by raised rim. Dome-shaped lid hinged at base of handle. Three suspension chains united by a hook, two of them fixed on the sides of lamp (near the broadest part), the third on the handle. Long slim flat double-voluted nozzle with round tip; the volutes are merely four flat knobs without any relief stems below. Raised foot consisting of a thin circular band.

80.AQ.140.2 (stand): Three-footed stand in the shape of a bending tree; three curved pointed leaves just above the feet; the stem of the stand is bent, ending in three branches. Feet, stem, and branches have protrusions from overlying layers of leaves.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Date: First century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Unknown

Parallels:
80.AQ.140.1 (lamp): Conticello de’ Spagnolis and De Carolis 1988, pp. 55–57, no. 17 (mid-first century A.D.), is close in both profile and handle, but the filling-hole is bigger; Valenza Mele 1981, pp. 44–45, no. 72 or 79, is related, but with different handles; Atasoy 2005, no. 17 (first century A.D.) has larger filling-hole and earlugs.

80.AQ.140.2. (stand): see Chrzanovski 2006, p. 94, no. 122 (first century A.D.); Bailey BM IV, Q 3890, p. 95, pl. 109 (first century A.D.); Hayes 1984, no. 231, ill. p. 39, text pp. 148–49 (first century A.D. or a little later).

Provenance: – 1980, Stanley Zeitlin, donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1980.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

Discussion: The bend in the stand is so acute as to make it somewhat unstable when a lamp is attached.

623

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.531

Dimensions: L: 20.3 cm; W: 7.6 cm; H: (body) 3.6 cm, (with foot) 5.0 cm; L: (of chain remains) 15.4 cm, (of plaque) 10.2 cm; H: (of plaque) 5.5 cm

Condition: Three small holes on one nozzle underside; lid missing; casting porosity at tip of one nozzle. Mottled dark brown with green scratches.

Description: Two-nozzled suspension lamp. Low body with vertical sides. No shoulder. Slightly sunken flat circular discus surrounded by a ridge. Large filling-hole without rim. Two long single-volute nozzles with spade-shaped tips; volutes have faintly incised circles on top and are joined on the underside by a slight ridge, hardly pronounced in its middle part; file marks on one nozzle underside. Each nozzle is topped with a ring in the elegant shape of a swan’s head and neck, each with a ring attached; each ring is in turn attached to a chain; both chains are attached to a rectangular bronze plate (tabula ansata), whose short sides have swallow-tail cuttings and a movable vertical bronze rod, linked to a plate with a hook for hanging; one chain is repaired with links of a different size, all probably ancient. Raised straight base; interior slightly sunken within broad flat standing-ring.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Date: Mid-first to second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: Valenza Mele 1981, nos. 192–95, esp. no. 193, p. 77: geese heads for suspension loops, uninscribed tabula ansata; Conticello de’ Spagnolis and De Carolis 1988, p. 71, no. 56, ill. p. 11, plain loops; Bailey BM IV, Q 3654 (one bird-head loop preserved, incised knobs), and Q 3656, p. 35, pl. 40, plain loops, both with stepped filling-holes; Kirsch 2002, pp. 160–61, no. 611, pl. 27, plain loops, incised volutes.

Provenance: By 1973, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); – 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Antiken aus Rheinischem Privatbesitz, pp. 134–35, no. 206, pl. 91.

624

Inventory Number: 81.AQ.67

Dimensions: L: 24.9 cm; W: 9.9 cm; H: 5.5 cm

Condition: Intact, except for broken suspension chain and missing lid; possibly rectangular patch under one nozzle. Purple red cuprite below green patina layer of compact malachite. Metal lathes probably used to sharpen the moldmade rings on the bottom.

Description: Two-nozzled suspension lamp. Central filling-hole has a sunken lip for the missing lid. Flat raised edge surrounding both central part and nozzles. On plain top of body, two suspension rings in the form of neck and head of swans; a section of braided chain fastened to each neck. Semicircular nozzles with spade-shaped ends; vertical side of nozzle tip divided by a horizontal groove into two parts, each with slanted notches. Base has a raised foot with slightly convex profile; the bottom consists of a flat outer ring, two small inner rings, and a further flat sunken band; two small concentric disks in the middle.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Date: Late first to second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Unknown

Parallels: Robin Petitot 2000, p. 97, no. 422 (swans); Valenza Mele 1981, p. 123, no. 296 (geese); a lamp of related form from Romania has no raised sides, but prominent curved volutes without knobs, plain loops, and applied Medusa heads on the body sides (Alicu and Nemeş 1977, p. 34, no. 336, pl. 39, first century A.D.).

Provenance: – 1981, Harvey Sarner (Chicago, Illinois), donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1981.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

625

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.518

Dimensions: L: (nozzle to nozzle) 13.7 cm; W: (trunk to trunk) 11.2 cm; H: 3.2 cm; Diam: (base) 3.4 cm

Condition: Tip of trunk of one elephant broken off; lustrous surface, possibly due to much handling, abraded highspots and brownish edges; bottom metallic surface flaked away.

Description: Circular body with straight sides curving in toward the foot in the lower part. Shoulder consisting of two flat-topped bands with two thin rills between them. Sunken discus with four thin circular grooves, where most likely a now-lost lid was accommodated. On each side of the basin is an elephant head with upturned trunk, tusks, large ears, and beady eyes (the right eye is higher on both animals); one head and trunk dips down lower than the other. On opposite ends, two flat-topped single-volute nozzles with spade-shaped tips and nearly circular wick-holes; volutes have no ribs underneath and consist merely of rounded protrusions; underneath each nozzle is a relief decor consisting of six long tongues (unusual at this early point, but common on nozzles of lamps from Asia Minor from later periods, see, e.g., the clay lamps cat. 531 and cat. 532, with refs.). Raised solid circular base.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus.

Date: First century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Southern Anatolia

Parallels: Bailey BM IV, Q 3650, p. 34, pl. 38, very similar, but it is a suspension lamp (first century A.D.).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

626a

Inventory Number: 96.AQ.193

Dimensions: L: 11.6 cm; W: 6.9 cm; H: 6.3 cm

Condition: Ornament handle broken off (inventoried as .193.b, here cat. 626b); thin patina, mostly green malachite, well cleaned off; very little green left at side bottom; possible repair from casting flaw on nozzle underside.

Description: Lamp in the shape of a theater mask: head of either Silenus or a comic actor of the clever slave kind; around his head is a wreath of tendrils, berries, and ivy leaves continuing below the handle attachment (see cat. 626b); long sidelocks with braided ends emerging from the headcloth; strongly modeled knit brows; the wide-open mouth serves as a filling-hole with fringe beard raised around it to create a megaphone. Striations around the mouth indicate that the beard was done postcasting. Protruding nozzle with nearly triangular tip surrounded by a raised grooved edge. Between the beard and the wick-hole is a slightly raised triangular relief pointing to the wick-hole; floral pattern in low relief on nozzle underside: pointed bud emerging from two curved petals, whose tips correspond to the angles of the triangular nozzle top. Raised base forming a low foot with convex profile; the bottom has two slightly raised bands; central disk with incised central dot.

Date: Late first to early second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Italy

Parallels: Menzel 1966, p. 83, no. 200, pl. 63 (suspension lamp); Menzel 1986, p. 104, no. 242, pl. 113 (ring handle); both are possibly Silenus heads (Goethert 1997, pp. 187–88); Valenza Mele 1981, pp. 155–56, no. 367; related: cat. 594.

Provenance: Before 1996, Barbara Fleischman and Lawrence Fleischman, American, 1925–1997 (New York, New York), donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1996.

Bibliography: Passion for Antiquities, p. 296, no. 154; Acquisitions/1997–98.

626b

Inventory Number: 96.AQ.193

Dimensions: L: 5.9 cm; W: 3.6 cm; H: 8.2 cm

Condition: Ornament handle, broken off from cat. 626a.

Description: Central bent stem ending in a leaf curving away from the lamp; stem framed by double-rod handle, curving upward and forward, toward lamp, in a loop; decorated with ivy leaves and berries similar to those on the head wreath; contact point on head unclear, possibly cleaned off(?).

Date: Late first to early second century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Italy

Parallels: None found; double-rod handles with leaves but no central stem: Valenza Mele 1981, pp. 59–60, nos. 120–23 (Pompeii); also Bailey BM IV, Q 3637–Q 3638, p. 3, pl. 32 (Campania, first century A.D.).

Provenance: Before 1996, Barbara Fleischman and Lawrence Fleischman, American, 1925–1997 (New York, New York), donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1996.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

Discussion: Handles of such complex forms were cast separately and soldered on, a reason for frequent detachments.

627

Inventory Number: 96.AQ.187

Dimensions: L: 30.5 cm; W: (cone) 5.3 cm, (with filling-hole) 6.0 cm, (stem collar) 3.6 cm

Condition: Curved spike at end partly broken; handle of compact brown patina; traces of carbonate minerals in cone interstices.

Description: Lamp in the form of a thyrsus(?), consisting of a long stem and pinecone (or torch[?]), which is the lamp; nozzle at end, filling-hole in center surrounded by slightly funnel-like raised rim; the stem has six lengthwise grooves (about a third of the total length); this part, thicker than the rest of the stem, ends in a frayed vegetal collar with ten petals; the rest of the stem has ten grooves; the stem ends with a curved pointed section: spike used to attach lamp to a stand of some shape (or possibly horizontally to a wall).

Date: First century A.D.(?)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Italy

Parallels: Valenza Mele 1981, p. 152, no. 358 (torch-shaped lamp, from Pompeii), with some further refs.; Beschi 1962, pp. 102–4, nos. 672 and 675, fig. 36 (two lamps in the shape of acanthus buds, second half of second century A.D.).

Provenance: – 1962, Blumka Gallery (New York, New York), sold to Barbara and Lawrence Fleischman, 1962; 1962–1996, Barbara Fleischman and Lawrence Fleischman, American, 1925–1997 (New York, New York), donated to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1996.

Bibliography: Passion for Antiquities, p. 287, no. 147 (first century A.D.); Acquisitions/1997–98.

628

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.495

Dimensions: L: 7.5 cm; W: (body) 3.0 cm, (nozzles) 3.6 cm; H: (body) 3.0 cm, (total) 4.3 cm

Condition: Intact except for missing lid. Right wick-hole has slight filling-patch. Dark olive brown.

Description: Ornament handle in the shape of a well-carved deer’s head on a long slim curved neck. Globular body. Lipped filling-hole with a now-lost hinged lid; hinges still in place. Two short rounded nozzles with heavy proportions; slightly sunken, bowl-shaped wick-hole areas. Raised base with square cavity that allowed the lamp to be fitted to a spiked metal support (cf. cat. 630).

Date: Fifth to sixth century A.D.(?)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Anatolia

Parallels: For general short bulbous proportions of body, bowl-shaped nozzles, and foot, see Ruprechtsberger 1993, p. 413, no. 37 (sixth century, Syria); somewhat longer outlines: Ćurčić and St. Clair 1986, pp. 77–78, no. 58 (sixth century[?]); Papadopoulou 2005, pp. 258–59, no. 6, fig. 8 (late sixth to seventh century); related in spite of larger size: Hayes 1984, pp. 145–46, no. 225 (probably fifth to sixth century), all with different handles, last example is missing its handle.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

629

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.516

Dimensions: L: 13.0 cm; W: (at handles) 10.2 cm, (body only) 7.5 cm; H: 8.6 cm

Condition: Intact. Very even patina, possibly purposely overcoated(?).

Description: Globular body with three evenly spaced rounded substantial side-knobs; each knob has a small central indentation and is surrounded by three circular grooves. The shoulder has seven small incised circles with a central dot on the front left part, six on the front right part, nine on the rear left part, and eight on the rear right part. The lower part of the basin shows similar dotted circles: seven on the front left part, six on the front right part, nine on the left rear part, and nine on the right rear part. Sunken lipped discus pierced by eight small filling-holes. Central tall knob with small ring attached (for suspension or carrying); polished circle on top of knob. Nozzle with nearly pentagonal edged tip; on it, a small mouse, its forelegs resting on the wick-hole area. Small air hole behind mouse. Concave base with circular ridge, forming a foot; inside the concavity are two thin circular grooves close to the ridge; two further circular grooves midway toward center; raised circle surrounds central grooved dotted button.

Discus Iconography: Plain discus, but see description.

Date: Byzantine, sixth century A.D.(?)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: None found; similar shape: Demirel Gökalp 2005, pl. 30, fig. 9 (with suspension chain attached to lid); she also mentions similar shapes of rare glass lamps of the period.

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

630

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.517

Dimensions: L: 12.2 cm; W: 4.3 cm; H: (with handle) 9.8 cm, (body) 4.9

Condition: Intact. Reddish brown, cuprite bronze; inside, dirt carbonates, calcarious matter.

Description: Design half cast, half incised postcasting. Molded in the shape of a crested peacock with curved beak; the whole body is decorated with a design representing feathers. Flat wick-hole area surrounded by raised edge. Basin has extant oval hinged lid, resting on a finely beveled edge. Nozzle on bird’s tail. Low relief of folded legs seen on both sides. Raised cylindrical slightly spreading base has bottom horizontal molding; square cavity in the hollow interior for attachment to the raised spike of a stand, a common feature in this lamp type; no spiked stand is included here, but see, for instance, Bailey BM IV, pls. 135–39.

Date: Sixth–seventh century A.D.

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Asia Minor

Parallels: No identical lamp found. The subject matter was popular and seems to have been produced especially in Egypt, the likely place of manufacture of this lamp; many examples exist with slight variations of the nozzle, lid, indication of feathers, crest, etc. See Ross 1960; also Ross 1962, pp. 39–40, no. 41 (sixth–seventh century), with further examples; Menzel 1969, pp. 113–14, fig. 93.4; Sotheby Parke Bernet 1984, lot 62 (two nearly identical peacocks with unusual display arrangements above and around the bodies); Conticello de’ Spagnolis and De Carolis 1986, pp. 83–84, no. 39; Byzance 1992, p. 122, no. 69 (with high bronze stand extant); Ruprechtsberger 1993, p. 411, no. 34 (fifth–sixth century); Mardešić 1994, p. 277, no. 22; Bailey BM IV, Q 3605, pp. 21–22, pl. 22 (closest of three such items, all sixth–seventh century A.D.); Atasoy 2005, p. 57, no. 107 (wick trimmer in the form of a peacock); Xanthopoulou 2010, pp. 216–22, twenty-three examples with slight variations (many are duplications of above refs.; all dated fourth–fifth century, i.e., earlier than most authors).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

IV.D Lead Lamp

631

Inventory Number: 83.AQ.377.421

Dimensions: L: 8.2 cm; max. pres. W: 6.1 cm; max. pres. H: 2.2 cm

Condition: Handle broken off; heavily corroded with loss of several sections; lead carbonates on surface.

Description: Open lamp in the shape of a small triangular trough with flat resting surface and vertical sides. The lost handle, opposite the pointed end, was possibly of vertical shape. Wick-rest probably in the pointed corner; no burn marks.

Date: First century A.D.(?)

Place of Manufacture or Origin: Cologne (Germany)

Parallels: None found; (close) Leibundgut 1977, p. 302, no. 1043, pl. 21 (lead); Goethert 1997, p. 189, inv. no. 27.244 (lead, figure-eight shape); Bailey BM IV, Q 3759–Q 3760, p. 58, pl. 67 (both iron, vertical handles).

Provenance: Before 1983, Hans-Klaus Schüller, 1921–2009 (Bergheim, Germany); 1983, Galerie Günter Puhze (Freiburg, Germany), sold to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1983.

Bibliography: Unpublished.

Indices

- Index of Iconography

- Index of Signatures and Inscriptions

- Index of Donors and Vendors

- Index of Place Names

- Concordance of Identification Numbers

Index of Iconography

References are to catalogue numbers.

I. I. Religion and Myth

1. I.a. Roman Versions of the Olympian Gods, Their Cults, and Followers

1. I.a.1. Apollo 212, 363, 368, 389, 411

2. I.a.2. Bacchus and his followers

1. I.a.2(1). Bacchus, 92, 112, 121, 126, 149, 239, 370, 392(?), 428, 444(?), 490(?), 600–1(?)

2. I.a.2(2). Silenus, 85–86, 333, 588 (lamp in the shape of), 626(?)

3. I.a.2(3). Pan, 414

4. I.a.2(4). Maenads, 106, 175(?), 428, 490, 600

5. I.a.2(5). Satyrs, 111, 235, 283(?), 381, 490(?), 600(?)

6. I.a.2(6). Nymph, 414

7. I.a.2(7). Faun, 320

3. I.a.3. Diana, 296, 373, 385

4. I.a.4. Juno, 166, 409

5. I.a.5. Jupiter, 154 (on handle), 166, 260, 325, 364, 402, 409, 439, 582

6. I.a.6. Mars, 131, 170, 201, 253–54, 394–95

7. I.a.7. Mercury, 99, 115, 137, 166, 369, 484, 582–83

8. I.a.8. Minerva, 166(?), 193, 582

9. I.a.9. Neptune, 221

10. I.a.10. Thetis, 437

11. I.a.11. Venus, 263, 306, 584(?)

2. I.b. Minor Deities

1. I.b.1. Cupid, 88, 100, 110, 119, 124, 138, 142, 171, 174, 190–91, 200, 215, 251, 273, 280–81, 332, 335, 358, 384, 386, 392, 398, 408, 427, 559, 591(?)

2. I.b.2. Dioscuri, 298, 311

3. I.b.3. Hecate, 563

4. I.b.4. Lares, 300, 310

5. I.b.5. Morpheus, 166

6. I.b.6. Sol/Luna, 153, 166, 249, 299, 563

7. I.b.7. Triton, 197

8. I.b.8. Victory, 98, 116, 214, 222–23, 224, 248, 261

3. I.c. Oriental Cults

1. I.c.1. Egyptian cults

1. I.c.1(1). Anubis, 361

2. I.c.1(2). Isis, 166, 361, 488

3. I.c.1(3). Serapis, 155 (on handle), 315–16, 348, 374, 439 (on handle)

4. I.c.1(4). Basileion, 361, 488

5. I.c.1(5). Calathus, 155 (on handle), 374, 439 (on handle)

6. I.c.1(6). Modius, 315–16, 348

2. I.c.2. Asian cults

1. I.c.2(1). Attis, 421

2. I.c.2(2). Cybele, 390

4. I.d. African Cult

1. I.d.1. Africa, 286

2. I.d.2. Tanit sign, 266

5. I.e. Christian Cult

1. I.e.1. Angels, 492

2. I.e.2. Apostle, 493(?), 494

3. I.e.3. Chi-Rho, 492, 495, 504

4. I.e.4. Christ, 492, 493(?)

5. I.e.5. Christian worshipper, 504

6. I.e.6. Christogram, 504

7. I.e.7. Cross-monogram, 496, Greek cross, 534, 539, 576

6. I.f. Jewish Cult

1. I.f.1. Menorah 524

7. I.g. Myth and Legend

1. I.g.1. Mythological figures

1. I.g.1(1). Acheloüs, 463

2. I.g.1(2). Achilles, 437

3. I.g.1(3). Actaeon, 169

4. I.g.1(4). Amazon, 225

5. I.g.1(5). Centaur, 101, 434

6. I.g.1(6). Chiron, 434

7. I.g.1(7). Curtius, 105

8. I.g.1(8). Europa 260, 364, 439

9. I.g.1(9). Eurystheus 308, 396

10. I.g.1(10). Hercules, 122, 192, 308, 396; Hercules’ club, 110, 200, 215, 427; Hercules knot, 615

11. I.g.1(11). Leda, 358

12. I.g.1(12). Medusa 145, 158, 161, 173, 391

13. I.g.1(13). Meleager 371–72

14. I.g.1(14). Muse (?), 186

15. I.g.1(15). Neoptolemus, 219

16. I.g.1(16). Omphale, 427

17. I.g.1(17). Orpheus, 425

18. I.g.1(18). Philoctetes, 219

19. I.g.1(19). Polyphemus, 86

20. I.g.1(20). Psyche, 171

21. I.g.1(21). Rhea Silvia, 170

22. I.g.1(22). Ulysses, 86, 209, 213, 219, 309

2. I.g.2. Mythological animals

1. I.g.2(1). Basilisk, 492

2. I.g.2(2). Dragon, 492

3. I.g.2(3). Griffin, 326, 340, 368

4. I.g.2(4). Hydra of Lerna, 396

5. I.g.2(5). Pegasus, 176, 279, 321

6. I.g.2(6). Sea horse, 221

7. I.g.2(7). Sea monster (hippocamp), 90, 376–77, 399, 472

8. I.g.2(8). Stymphalian Birds, 308

II. II. Historical Personages

1. II.a. Emperors

1. II.a.1. Augustus, 80

2. II.a.2. Domitian, 301

3. II.a.3. Hadrian, 211, 289(?)

2. II.b. Other

1. II.b.1. Antinous, 344, 424

III. III. Daily Life

1. III.a. Genre Scenes and Things

1. III.a.1. Bucolic and rural

1. III.a.1(1). Flock of goats, 129, 242

2. III.a.1(2). Goatherd, 242

3. III.a.1(3). Temple, 239, 466(?), 467(?), 486, 584 (lamp in the shape of)

4. III.a.1(4). Temple in Alexandrian landscape, 486

2. III.a.2. Maritime scenes

1. III.a.2(1). Boats and ships, 179, 259, 309, 383–84, 420, 465–67, 608 (lamp in the shape of), 614

2. III.a.2(2). Harbor, 464–67

3. III.a.3. Domestic scenes

1. III.a.3(1). Fishermen, 123, 180, 259, 290, 466–67, 486

2. III.a.3(2). Head of an African man, 586 (lamp in the shape of), 602 (lamp in the shape of), 603 (lamp in the shape of), 604 (lamp in the shape of)

3. III.a.3(3). Human head, 600 (lamp in the shape of)

4. III.a.3(4). Hunting, 96

5. III.a.3(5). Male head, 610 (lamp in the shape of), 612 (lamp in the shape of)

6. III.a.3(6). Man and woman killing fowl to cook, 410

7. III.a.3(7). Man attacked by bear, 393

8. III.a.3(8). Man carrying a pole and a bag, 139

9. III.a.3(9). Man carrying a pole with basket and rabbit tied to it, 204

10. III.a.3(10). Man near altar, 382

11. III.a.3(11). Man on horseback, 252 bis

12. III.a.3(12). Man playing aulos near altar, 196, 287(?)

13. III.a.3(13). Man reading book scroll, 587

14. III.a.3(14). Man standing, 537

15. III.a.3(15). Man walking, 480

16. III.a.3(16). Man walking with donkey, 252

17. III.a.3(17). Military rider, 95

18. III.a.3(18). Nude women at water basin, 256

19. III.a.3(19). Sacrifice, 116, 136

20. III.a.3(20). Sandaled foot/feet, 598 (lamp in the shape of), 599 (lamp in the shape of)

21. III.a.3(21). Woman playing a harp, 590

4. III.a.4. Things

1. III.a.4(1). Alabastron, 280–81

2. III.a.4(2). Altar, 162, 166, 196, 231, 251, 287(?), 300, 310, 382, 422, 484(?), 582 (lamp in the shape of)

3. III.a.4(3). Amphora, 101, 303, 339

4. III.a.4(4). Arch, 464, 466

5. III.a.4(5). Aulos, 196, 235, 287

6. III.a.4(6). Basket, 95, 195, 204, 290, 537(?)

7. III.a.4(7). Bed, 170, 181–83, 203, 220, 262, 334, 345, 353, 355–56, 491

8. III.a.4(8). Book scroll, 318, 587

9. III.a.4(9). Caduceus, 115, 137, 166, 329, 361, 369, 484, 582–83

10. III.a.4(10). Cantharus, 92, 112, 121, 239, 250, 257, 332

11. III.a.4(11). Causeway, 464

12. III.a.4(12). Chair, 264

13. III.a.4(13). Chiton, 193

14. III.a.4(14). Cloak, 105, 300, 310

15. III.a.4(15). Club, 169

16. III.a.4(16). Column, 239, 263, 466–67, 486, 590

17. III.a.4(17). Conch, 197

18. III.a.4(18). Cornucopia, 130, 166

19. III.a.4(19). Crater, 162

20. III.a.4(20). Cymbals, 196

21. III.a.4(21). Diadem, 289, 437

22. III.a.4(22). Dome, 464

23. III.a.4(23). Earring, 539

24. III.a.4(24). Fishing rod, 123, 467, 486

25. III.a.4(25). Fishing net, 466–67

26. III.a.4(26). Flute, 381

27. III.a.4(27). Garland, 398

28. III.a.4(28). Harp, 590

29. III.a.4(29). Hat, 204, 259, 290, 486; pointed cap, 86, 213, 298, 311, 372, 393; bonnet, 295, 410; Phrygian cap, 421, 539, 610

30. III.a.4(30). Herm, 109

31. III.a.4(31). Himation, 192, 382

32. III.a.4(32). Hoop, 109, 174

33. III.a.4(33). Horseshoe (motif), 503

34. III.a.4(34). Hunting bow, 296, 385

35. III.a.4(35). Hunting spear, 96, 365, 371–72, 536

36. III.a.4(36). Jar, 396

37. III.a.4(37). Jug, 185, 263–64, 591

38. III.a.4(38). Juggling ring, 238

39. III.a.4(39). Kithara, 166, 186, 212, 363, 434

40. III.a.4(40). Lamp, 77–78, 146 bis

41. III.a.4(41). Lyre, 425

42. III.a.4(42). Mortar, 111

43. III.a.4(43). Oar, 179, 383–84

44. III.a.4(44). Obelisk, 222

45. III.a.4(45). Oenochoë, 266, 353

46. III.a.4(46). Pedum, 119, 428, 490

47. III.a.4(47). Pillow, 592

48. III.a.4(48). Pincers, 166

49. III.a.4(49). Pole, 139, 204, 366

50. III.a.4(50). Portico, 464–67

51. III.a.4(51). Post, 95

52. III.a.4(52). Purse, 99, 115, 369, 393(?), 484

53. III.a.4(53). Quadriga, 222–23, 389, 400, 411

54. III.a.4(54). Ram’s horn (shofar), 524

55. III.a.4(55). Rhyton, 300, 310

56. III.a.4(56). Rudder, 197, 221, 383

57. III.a.4(57). Saddlebag, 497

58. III.a.4(58). Scepter, 154 (on handle), 211, 315–16, 348, 374, 409

59. III.a.4(59). Sistrum, 166

60. III.a.4(60). Situla, 300, 310

61. III.a.4(61). Stave, 426

62. III.a.4(62). Tambourine, 106

63. III.a.4(63). Thyrsus, 92, 112, 130, 166, 239, 250(?), 370, 381, 408(?), 627(?)

64. III.a.4(64). Torch, 563

65. III.a.4(65). Toy wheel, 174

66. III.a.4(66). Trident, 88, 210, 360, 407

67. III.a.4(67). Tunic, 86, 105, 107, 139, 180, 204, 213, 238, 252, 290, 300, 310, 344, 365, 389, 393, 493

68. III.a.4(68). Tympanon, 126(?), 175, 250

69. III.a.4(69). Vase, 109, 124, 142

70. III.a.4(70). Victory crown: see V.d.5 Wreath

71. III.a.4(71). Water basin, 185

72. III.a.4(72). Whip, 178, 387, 389, 411, 464, 468

73. III.a.4(73). Wineskin, 589

2. III.b. War

1. III.b.1. Arrow, 200, 215, 373, 385, 394

2. III.b.2. Axe, 225

3. III.b.3. Bow, 219, 296, 308, 386

4. III.b.4. Cuirass, 105, 394–95, 474

5. III.b.5. Display of military equipment, 102

6. III.b.6. Helmet, 131, 170, 192–93, 201, 253, 394–95, 437

7. III.b.7. Quiver, 373, 385

8. III.b.8. Shield, 98, 105, 170, 192–93, 201, 225 (pelta), 248, 253–54, 261, 437

9. III.b.9. Spear, 131, 169–70, 192–93, 201, 253–54, 311, 403, 582

10. III.b.10. Trophy, 131

3. III.c. The Amphitheater

1. III.c.1. Gladiators

1. III.c.1(1). Essedarius, 132, 199

2. III.c.1(2). Hoplomachus, 108, 346, 403, 440

3. III.c.1(3). Lanista, 107

4. III.c.1(4). Myrmillo, 107, 227

5. III.c.1(5). Retiarius, 407

6. III.c.1(6). Samnite, 346, 440

7. III.c.1(7). Secutor, 407

8. III.c.1(8). Thrax, 89, 107, 168, 403(?), 418(?)

9. III.c.1(9). Venator, 485

10. III.c.1(10). Unidentified, 217, 419

2. III.c.2. Gladiatorial equipment

1. III.c.2(1). Display of equipment, 93, 134, 157

2. III.c.2(2). Greaves, 89, 93, 107–8, 168, 227, 346, 403, 419, 440

3. III.c.2(3). Helmet, 89, 107–8, 134, 217, 227, 346, 403, 407, 419, 440

4. III.c.2(4). Manica, 107, 227, 346, 403, 419, 440

5. III.c.2(5). Shield, 89, 107–8, 132, 199, 217, 346, 403, 419, 440

6. III.c.2(6). Sword, 93 (sica), 107 (sica), 168 (sica), 199, 217 (sica), 227 (sica), 407, 419

7. III.c.2(7). Trident, 407

3. III.c.3. Fights with beasts, 141, 167, 365–66, 387, 468, 485, 536

4. III.d. The Circus

1. III.d.1. Biga, 226, 255, 368

2. III.d.2. Chariot racing, 222, 226, 255, 400

3. III.d.3. Desultor, 104

4. III.d.4. Game with swiveling post, 190–91

5. III.d.5. Jubilator, 178

6. III.d.6. Lap-counting dolphins, 103, 222–23

7. III.d.7. Quadriga, 222–23, 389, 400

8. III.d.8. Spina, 223

9. III.d.9. Victorious charioteer, 222–23

10. III.d.10. Victorious racehorse, 305

5. III.e. Entertainers

1. III.e.1. Boxers, pugilists, 87, 133, 202, 228–30, 307

2. III.e.2. Stave-dancers, 336, 426

3. III.e.3. Various other entertainers, 172, 238, 295, 485

6. III.f. The Theater

1. III.f.1. Actor, 208(?), 297, 592 (lamp in the shape of), 593 (lamp in the shape of), 626a (lamp in the shape of)

2. III.f.2. Mask, 67, 130, 208(?), 349–52, 405, 447–48, 449, 455, 457, 581 (on handle), 594 (lamp in the shape of), 595, 601 (lamp in the shape of), 626a

7. III.g. Erotic Scenes

1. III.g.1. Heterosexual, 82, 97, 118, 181–83, 203, 220, 262, 264, 334, 353, 356, 491

2. III.g.2. Homosexual, 317–18

3. III.g.3. Phallus/male genitals, 587(?), 596 (lamp in the shape of), 597 (lamp in the shape of, with three phalli)

4. III.g.4. With animals, 354–55

8. III.h. Anonymous Portraits or Busts

1. III.h.1. Bust of young man, 338

2. III.h.2. Bust of old man, 291

3. III.h.3. Bust of young woman, 292–93

4. III.h.4. Bust of military man, 474

5. III.h.5. Female bust, 559 (on handle)

6. III.h.6. Female head, 545 (on handle)

7. III.h.7. Male or female bust(?), 533, 544 (on handle)

8. III.h.8. Male or female head, 546 (on handle), 547 (on handle)

9. III.h.9. Male and female heads facing each other, 539

10. III.h.10. Male head, 610 (lamp in the shape of)

IV. IV. Animals

1. IV.a. Mammals

1. IV.a.1. Bear, 125, 387, 393, 468

2. IV.a.2. Boar, pig, 216, 343, 371–72

3. IV.a.3. Bull, 260 (Jupiter), 364 (Jupiter), 367, 439 (Jupiter), 485, 606 (lamp in the shape of a bull's head), 614(?)

4. IV.a.4. Cat, 238

5. IV.a.5. Crocodile, 189, 294

6. IV.a.6. Deer, stag, 106 (fawn), 135, 187, 207, 232–33, 326(?), 340(?), 373, 425, 431, 614(?), 628 (handle in the shape of)

7. IV.a.7. Dog, hound, 96, 129, 163, 169, 190–91(?), 207, 412, 425, 500, 520(?), 563

8. IV.a.8. Dolphin, 88, 103, 210, 360, 420, 423

9. IV.a.9. Donkey, 354, 464(?)

10. IV.a.10. Dromedary, 497

11. IV.a.11. Elephant, 286, 625 (on lamp sides)

12. IV.a.12. Goat, 129, 136, 234, 242

13. IV.a.13. Horse, 95, 104–5, 178, 226, 252 bis, 255, 305, 311, 354, 355(?), 400, 411

14. IV.a.14. Lion, lioness, 91, 127, 141, 187–89, 294, 304, 324, 332, 337, 365–66, 375, 390, 408(?), 473, 492, 536; lionskin, 110, 121–22, 126, 308

15. IV.a.15. Monkey, 177, 238, 589 (lamp in the shape of)

16. IV.a.16. Mouse, 629 (on nozzle only)

17. IV.a.17. Mule, 85, 91, 188

18. IV.a.18. Panther, 92, 112, 239, 257, 408(?), 621 (handle in the shape of)

19. IV.a.19. Rabbit, hare, 119–20, 124, 401, 412, 520

20. IV.a.20. Ram, 167, 209, 335, 369

21. IV.a.21. Sheep, 425, 502, 534 (lamb)

2. IV.b. Birds

1. IV.b.1. Cock, 198, 388, 422, 484

2. IV.b.2. Dove, pigeon, 205–6, 282, 493, 607 (lamp in the shape of)

3. IV.b.3. Duck, 425(?), 464

4. IV.b.4. Eagle, 120, 128, 159 (on handle), 166, 322, 325, 329, 402, 417, 477, 479, 582, 585 (on lampstand)

5. IV.b.5. Parrot, 128(?), 329(?)

6. IV.b.6. Peacock, 166, 258, 630 (lamp in the shape of)

7. IV.b.7. Stork, 416(?)

8. IV.b.8. Swan, 358 (Jupiter), 623, 624

9. IV.b.9. Wading bird, 81, 265, 416

10. IV.b.10. Unidentified bird, 79, 166(?), 177, 195, 219, 308, 614

3. IV.c. Snakes, 158, 161, 166, 192, 231, 391, 416, 470, 492

4. IV.d. Crustacea, Fish, Insects, Frog, Turtle

1. IV.d.1. Crustacea

1. IV.d.1(1). Scallop, 114, 117, 237, 247, 274, 405, 415

2. IV.d.1(2). Shell, 90, 197, 221, 263, 274, 280–81, 405

3. IV.d.1(3). Crab, 236

2. IV.d.2. Fish, 123, 195, 290, 420, 486

3. IV.d.3. Insects

1. IV.d.3(1). Grasshopper or locust, 140

2. IV.d.3(2). Scorpion, 288, 484

4. IV.d.4. Frog, 83

5. IV.d.5. Turtle, 484

V. V. Vegetables, Fruit, Trees, and Floral Patterns

1. V.a. Vegetables

1. V.a.1. Artichoke, 469

2. V.a.2. Radish, 469, 470

2. V.b. Fruit

1. V.b.1. Acorn, 184

2. V.b.2. Citrus (etrog), 524

3. V.b.3. Fig, 469

4. V.b.4. Grapes, 370, 392, 537(?), 568

5. V.b.5. Pinecone, 266, 609 (lamp in the shape of), 627(?)

6. V.b.6. Pomegranate, 79, 266

7. V.b.7. Unidentified fruit, 205–6 (olive?), 266

3. V.c. Trees, 123(?), 129, 177, 196, 231, 305, 310

4. V.d. Vegetal Decors

1. V.d.1. Leaves, 79, 94, 140, 359, 621 (acanthus), 622 (handle in the shape of), 626b (handle in the shape of)

1. V.d.1(1). Leaves and berries, 577, 626a, 626b

2. V.d.1(2). Vine leaf (handle in the shape of), 35, 149, 157 (on handle), 389–93, 429, 490

2. V.d.2. Palmette, 495, 613 (handle in the shape of)

3. V.d.3. Palms, 109, 162, 214, 224, 248, 307, 388, 419, 524 (lulav)

4. V.d.4. Rosettes

1. V.d.4(1). Four petals, 165

2. V.d.4(2). Six petals, 515, 532

3. V.d.4(3). Eight petals, 501, 584

4. V.d.4(4). Ten petals, 478

5. V.d.4(5). Twelve petals, 194, 435

6. V.d.4(6). Fourteen petals, 433, 526(?)

7. V.d.4(7). Sixteen petals, 64, 341, 556

8. V.d.4(8). Eighteen petals, 218

9. V.d.4(9). Twenty-two petals, 151, 328

10. V.d.4(10). Twenty-three petals, 562

11. V.d.4(11). Twenty-four petals, 144–45

5. V.d.5. Wreaths

1. V.d.5(1). Myrtle wreath, 312, 342

2. V.d.5(2). Oak wreath, 184, 281, 327

3. V.d.5(3). Olive or laurel wreath, 73(?), 80, 173, 211, 214, 223, 224, 388, 493

4. V.d.5(4). Palm wreath, 73

6. V.d.6. Fleur-de-lis, 615 (handle in the shape of)

VI. VI. Geometric Patterns

1. VI.a. Band of Rays, 76, 150, 152, 159, 241, 379, 436

2. VI.b. Band of Tongues, 368–74

3. VI.c. Row of Ovolos, 33, 39, 44, 83–84, 155–56, 165, 245, 279–80, 314, 315–16, 336, 347, 348, 353–54, 361–67, 418–19, 421–27, 460, 468, 485, 518, 584, 621, 624

4. VI.d. Star Design, 498–99, 534

Index of Signatures and Inscriptions

References are to catalogue numbers.

Latin Inscriptions

Forty-five percent of the Getty lamps bear an inscription or a mark. Only one metal lamp has an inscription, POI (retrograde) (cat. 616). Of the 286 marks on clay lamps, 132 are lampmakers’ names, indicated either in nomina, tria nomina, or initials. All the legible signatures are known from other lamps, except SOTE and Q.M.Q. and seven signatures of uncertain reading: ANSASIVS, EXOF[-]/CV[-]/OV[-]RS/I[-], EXOFICINA RO[-]YTI, IAR, MMPAXI/M[—], NAT, RV.VSI; all except the last two are most probably African.

The remaining marks consist of figurative motifs such as an ovolo, a palmette, vertical lines, a plain planta pedis, a rosette, a swastika, a trident, and other marks. These marks appear alone or associated with a lampmaker’s signature. Their meaning is not clear; some may help to identify a workshop, others may be purely decorative motifs (see Bailey BM II, pp. 104–8; Bussière 2000, pp. 233–36).

Lampmakers’ Signatures

Workshop name

Cat. no.

Remark

Place of manufacture

Period of activity

ANSASIVS

400

African

late second to early third centry A.D.

ATIMETI

445

Italic

Flavian

AVFIFRON

359

African

A.D. 130–170

AVGENDI

378, 384

African

A.D. 175–225

AVGVS/TIANI

375

African

A.D. 175–225

CAMPILI

450

Italic

Flavian to 2nd century A.D

CCLOD//CCLOD

180

in planta pedis

Italic

A.D. 40–70

CCLOSV, CCLOSVC, CCLO.SVC, C.CLO.SVC

205, 215, 255–59

Italic, with African
branches

A.D. 80/90–140 Flavian

CCORVRS

287

African

A.D 150/160–180

CEIS (for CFELIS)

296

in planta pedis on
Loeschcke type VIII

African

Late Flavian–Early Antonine

CHELIAN

393

African

A.D. 175–225

CLO.HEL

308, 342

Italic

A.D. 80–150

CLO.HELI

283

Italic

A.D. 80–150

CMEPO (for CMEVPO)

268

African

1st half of 2nd century A.D.

COPPIRES, C.OPPI.RES

142, 200, 211, 220, 241, 284, 300

Italic

A.D. 80–160

CPOMPO

389

Italic

end of 2nd century A.D.

EROTIS

228

Italic

A.D. 80/90–140

EVCARP

446

Italic

Flavian

EXOFICI/NA C.V.S.,
EX OFICINA.C.V.S.

315–16, 317

317 is inscribed on discus

African

A.D. 175–225

EXOF[-]/CV[-]/OV[-]RS/I[-]

486

African

2nd half of 3rd century A.D.?

EX OFI/CINA/KAPITO/NIS

381

African

1st half of 3rd century A.D.

EXOF/ICINIA/LVCI

313

African

some time in 2nd century A.D.?

EXOFICINA RO[-]YTI(?)

380

African

1st half of 3rd century A.D.

EXOFLV/CCEIORV

302

African

A.D. 175–225

FABRICMASC

286

Italic

A.D. 80/90–140

FORTIS

442–43

Italic

A.D. 70–A.D. 230

GABINIA

206, 214

Italic, with African
branches

A.D. 80–140

GABMERC

235

Italic

A.D. 80–100

IAR(?)

488

African?

sometime in the 4th century A.D.?

IVNIALEXI

292–93

African

A.D. 120–200

IVSTI

290

African

end of Flavian to Trajanic

LMA.D.IEC, L.MADIEC, LMADIEC, L.M.ADIEC

224–25, 233, 260–62,
298, 448

Italic, with African
branches

A.D 90–140

L.M.C.

189

Italic

A.D. 40–90

L.M.SA

202, 232

African

Tiberian–Early Trajanic

LMVNPHILE,
L.MVNPHILE

297, 310, 346

Italic, with African
branches

end of Flavian to Hadrianic

LMVNSVC, L.MVNSVC, L.MVN.SVC

203, 234, 236, 252–53,
271

Italic, with African
branches

end of Flavian to Trajanic

L.M.SV

230

Italic with African
branches

end of Flavian to Trajanic

LVC

272

in planta pedis

Italic

A.D. 50–80

LVCCE/I

319

African

A.D. 175–225

LVCCEIO/RVM

314

African

A.D. 175–225

MMPAXI/M[—](?)

317

African

A.D. 175–225

MNOVGERM, M.NOV.GERM

146, 309

African

A.D. 120–180

MNOVIV

294

African

A.D. 120–180

MNOVIVST

289, 311

African

A.D. 120–180

MNOVIVSTI

285, 289, 307

African

A.D. 120–180

M.S.

184

if = L.M.SV, see 230

African

Tiberian to early Trajanic

M SV

204, 254

if = L.M.SV, see 230

Tiberian to early Trajanic

MVNARES

227

Italic

Flavian to Trajanic?

MVERCEVP

229

Italic

Flavian to Trajanic

NNAELVCI

305, 345

Italic

end of Flavian to Hadrianic

NAT

101

above a plain planta
pedis in big letters

Anatolia

1st half of 1st century A.D.

OCTAVI

449

Italic

2nd century A.D.

PHOETASPI

144

Italic based in Egypt

late 1st century A.D.–early 2nd century A.D.

POI (retrograde)

616

on a bronze lamp

Lower Rhine

A.D. 1–100

POSSESSO/RVM

463

African

A.D. 175–230

PVF PVF

213

in planta pedis

Italic

A.D. 60–90

PVLCHRI

447

Italic

Flavian

PVLL/AENI

379, 466

African

end of Antonine–Severan

PVLL/AENO/RV

364

African

end of Antonine–Severan

Q.M.Q.

340

Greece

late Flavian–early Antonine

QNVMICEL

343, 362

Italic

end of Flavian to Hadrianic

QVINTVSIVS
PICTORETCENENS

401

African

end of 3rd century A.D.?

ROMANE/SIS

440

Italic based at Cnidus

A.D. 70–130

RV.VSI(?)

276

Italic?

?

SERGPRIM

347

Italic

1st half of 2nd century A.D.

SLMRMEVO

301

fake lamp

Italian forger

modern

SOTE

201

African

Tiberian–early Trajanic

STROBILI

444

Italic based in Egypt

Flavian

VICT/ORINI

468

African

A.D. 175–230

- Lampmakers’ Signatures (continued)

- Illegible Tria Nomina Signatures

- 85, 94 (C[–] I F[?]), 217, 263, 278, 288, 312

- Initials

- A, 91; C, 199; C.L, 324; D, 192, 214(?); I(?) 188; N, 72; P.A., 134; S, 222, 283; T, 219, 289; V, 191; X, 254

- Illegible Planta Pedis

- 109–10, 124, 141, 154, 212, 250

- Various Other Inscriptions

- New year wishes: . . . FAVSTVMFELICEMMIHIC inscribed on Victory’s shield, 248

- Victorious horse: REGNATOR inscribed on discus, 305

- Victorious charioteer: TERES inscribed in tabula ansata on discus, 222

- Victorious gladiators: SABINVS and POPILLIVS inscribed in tabula ansata on discus, 107

- Victorious gladiator: VALERIVS inscribed in tabula ansata on discus, 199

- Propaganda: OB CIIVIS SER[VATOS] inscribed on the shield of a Victory, 98

Greek Inscriptions

Of the eleven Greek inscriptions, no name is previously known from other lamps.

- Name of the Lampmaker or of the Owner of the Lamp

- ΕΠΑΦΡΑC ΤΥΧACΙΟΥ, 42

- C (retrograde) Y E(?) 42

- CΩ / CIBI / OY, 47

- ΠΥ, 83

- E I C // I Ω / N // O C, 155

- ΕΥΚΤΗΡΟ / ΝΟΥ, 582

- Religious Meaning

- EΥΛΟΓΙΑΤΗCΘΕΟΤΟΚYΜΗ[ . . . . ]ΙΓΡΑΜΑ, 548

- ΦENIΠACIN / ΦΩCXPICTO, 557

- Commercial Meaning

- ΦΩC/ΑΓΑ/ΘΟΝ, 36

- Three First Letters of the Greek Alphabet on a Scroll

- ABΓ, 587

- Uncertain Reading

- ΕΡΩΙC [?] / ΟΓΡΛΨΑ / ΟΙCΕΕΝ [?], 50

Makers’ Figurative Marks

- Plain planta pedis 99, 101, 130, 153, 170, 187, 209, 221, 240, 242, 248, 251, 304, 331, 337, 342, 344, 349–50, 352, 397, 402(?), 403–5, 407–10, 412, 414–16, 418–20, 422, 424–27, 429, 431, 435, 455, 513, 514, 520, 521, 522, 524–25, 526–29, 531–34, 537–38, 541, 547, 560, 596

Other Figurative Marks

45

104

137

188

200

231

243

255

500

572

39

191

192

219

222

254

283

289

584

228

236

253

291

294

297

398

440

70

386

523

517

543

545

94

175

176

286

315

476

535

342

367

374

439

501

502

364, 365, 373, 387, 389, 391, 392, 394, 395

166

369

370

377

258

371

372

378

549

551

66

67

421

600

Index of Donors and Vendors

References are to catalogue numbers.

Donors of Lamps Given to the Getty Museum

Catalogue records for the Getty’s collection of lamps often, but not always, give the place of manufacture or origin of the lamps, derived from information provided by donors or vendors. Most of the time the place where a lamp was created or found is approximate, referring to large geographical areas such as Anatolia, Italy, Tunisia, Egypt, or Syria; only exceptionally are precise locations given, for instance, Mainz, Cologne, Carthage, Rome, Paestum, El Djem, Athens, and Corinth. The reader should bear in mind that in many cases these locations may not indicate the exact findspot of the lamps, but rather the place or region where the collector purchased them or supposed they came from.

- Bromberg, Dr. F., and Mrs. Bromberg: Greece: 355–56.

- Collins, D.: No place of manufacture or origin given: 160.

- Eagleton, K.: Tunisia(?): 372, 392.

- Eagleton, W. L., Jr: Tunisia: 127, 131, 217, 228, 233, 254–55, 261, 263, 265, 283, 288, 293–94, 296, 361, 366, 376, 383, 393, 479.

- Eisenberg, J. M.: Tunisia(?): 466.

- Flanagan, P.: Sardinia: 614.

- Fleischman, B. and L.: Greece (Athens): 5; Egypt: 593; Italy: 626a, 626b, 627; no place of manufacture or origin given: 592.

- Gerchik, M.: Italy: Series of thirty-four fragments of lamps of different types listed under: 577–78, 579, 580.

- Gottlieb, M., and P.: No place of manufacture or origin given: 585.

- Hepburn, J. W., and Y.: Italy: 128.

- Lawson, R. L.: Italy: 117, 252 bis, 278–82, 299, 303–4, 352, 360, 401; Greece: 270, 340–42, 348, 351, 438 (Corinth), 481, 581; Tunisia (El Djem): 284–85, 357; no place of manufacture or origin given: 321, 395, 499.

- Sarner, H.: No place of manufacture or origin given: 624.

- Swingler, D.: No place of manufacture or origin given: 613.

- Wier, M.: North Africa: 159.

- Zeitlin, St.: No place of manufacture or origin given: 622.

- Zimmerman, M. C.: Italy: 71, 301.

Galleries or Vendors of Lamps Purchased by the Getty Museum

- Oppenländer, G.: No place of manufacture or origin given: 612 (gold lamp).

- Royal Athena Gallery: South Italy: 27.

- Galerie Günter Puhze, Freiburg (Germany)

As mentioned in the introduction, in 1983 Galerie Günter Puhze in Freiburg sold to the Getty Museum a lamp collection gathered by H.-K. Schüller. In earlier years this German pharmacist had gathered another collection, which he sold to the Bochum Museum in 1974. Schüller provided a handwritten catalogue for each lamp collection, which can be useful but requires some remarks.

First, Schüller does not attribute a place of manufacture or origin (i.e., place created or found) to all the lamps. When he does, the indication is generally very vague. What distinction did he make between Asia Minor and Anatolia? In his mind, did both appellations cover the modern country called Turkey (a word he uses only once, see lamp cat. 574)? Similarly, what distinction did he make between North Africa and Tunisia? In Morocco and Algeria the commerce in antiquities has never been as developed as in Tunisia. It is our opinion that many of the lamps Schüller attributed to North Africa were in fact found and purchased in Tunisia.

Second, if in a very few cases Schüller is precise about place of manufacture or origin (Mainz, Cologne, Novaesium, Paestum, Rome, London), in most cases he is vague, sometimes wavering. For cat. 264, his catalogue first says Italy, but then adds in parenthesis (Greece?). Moreover, in several cases his stated place of manufacture or origin in Asia Minor contradicts the indication given by the signature or by the obviously African type of lamp concerned (see cats. 302, 315, 483, 501)—unless the lamps had been traded in ancient or modern times.

We nevertheless have decided to quote Schüller's places of manufacture or origin exactly as he formulates them in his catalogue. When necessary, we discuss them in our catalogue entries.

Lamps without a Given Place of Manufacture or Origin in Schüller’s Catalogue

- 17, 57, 81–82, 91, 97, 132–33, 137, 139, 142, 166, 181–83, 190, 216, 258, 286, 300, 318, 353, 416, 441, 458 (mold), 500, 512, 545–46, 553, 575–76, 591.

Lamps with a Given Place of Manufacture or Origin in Schüller’s Catalogue

- Asia Minor: 8, 18, 26, 36, 42, 45–46, 52–54, 56, 59, 62–63, 113, 118, 143, 153–55, 157–58, 162, 198, 203, 239, 242, 244, 249, 272, 275, 302, 315, 323, 325, 326, 329, 332, 335, 337, 338, 339, 343, 347, 349–50, 354, 403–5, 410–11, 413, 417, 418–21, 423, 430, 434, 435–36, 439, 455, 476, 483, 488, 501, 507, 508, 514, 515, 517, 524–25, 527–34, 536–37, 539, 541, 542, 543–44, 547, 548–49, 555, 557, 558–59, 563, 565, 568, 573, 587, 594–95, 598, 602–6, 610–11, 619, 621, 623, 629–30.

- Anatolia: 1, 11, 13–14, 34, 37, 39–40, 48–50, 58, 60–61, 65, 67, 76, 78–79, 83–84, 85–86, 87, 89, 93, 95, 98, 101, 107–8, 112, 116, 122, 145, 146 bis, 163, 165, 170, 172, 174, 178, 207, 218, 222, 238, 240, 246, 269, 324, 327, 333–34, 336, 344–45, 402, 407, 414–15, 422, 425–26, 428, 432, 433, 440, 475, 513, 516, 538, 540, 552, 560, 574 (reported as Turkey), 583, 588–89, 597, 599, 615, 617–18, 620, 628.

- Northern Anatolia: 66, 584, 590.

- Central Anatolia: 10, 25, 28–33, 38, 41, 43, 51, 64, 90, 149, 156, 248, 328, 412, 427, 554, 582.

- Southern Anatolia: 12, 15, 24, 35, 44, 47, 55, 68, 80, 92, 96, 105, 148, 151–52, 164, 168, 171, 186, 193, 199, 209–10, 213, 219, 221, 223, 245, 247, 251, 267, 331, 346, 406, 408–9, 424, 429, 431, 437, 457, 518, 520, 521, 522–23, 526, 535, 556, 562, 596, 625.

- Syria: 509, 550–51, 600.

- Egypt: 169, 180, 510, 601.

- North Africa: 2–4, 77, 88, 94, 99–100, 102–4, 106, 109, 111, 115, 119, 121, 124–26, 129, 135–36, 138, 140–41, 144, 146, 161, 167, 173, 175–76, 184–85, 187–89, 191–92, 194–97, 200–202, 204–6, 208, 211–12, 214–15, 220, 224–27, 229–32, 234–37, 241, 243, 250, 253, 256, 260, 262, 268, 271, 273–74, 287, 289–92, 295, 297–98, 305–6, 307–11, 313–14, 316, 317, 319–20, 322, 362–65, 367–71, 373–74, 375, 377–82, 384–88, 389–91, 394, 396–400, 447–48, 463–65, 467–68, 470–71, 472–73, 474, 477–78, 477–81, 482, 484, 485–86, 487, 489, 490–91, 492–99, 502, 503–4, 505, 506, 569, 586.

- Tunisia: 110, 114, 120, 123, 130, 134, 252, 257, 259, 266, 358, 372, 469, 500(?).

- Italy: 16 (Paestum), 19, 70, 72-73, 74, 75, 150, 264, 561, 607, 608 (Rome).

- South Italy: 6, 7, 9, 20, 147.

- North Italy: 442, 444, 450.

- Sicily: 21–22.

- Sardinia: 23.

- Germany: 179.

- Cologne: 69, 276–77, 445–46, 449, 451–54, 459-60, 461, 462, 564, 566–67 570–72, 609, 631.

- Lower Rhine: 616.

- Mainz: 359.

- Neuss (Novaesium): 177, 312.

- England: 519 (London).

Index of Place Names

References are to catalogue numbers.

- Africa, 302, 315, 318, 321, 481, 501

- North, 2, 3, 1, 77, 88, 94, 99, 100, 102, 103, 104, 106, 109, 111, 115, 119, 121, 124, 125, 126, 129, 135, 136, 138, 140, 141, 144, 146, 159, 161, 167, 173, 175, 176, 184, 185, 187, 188, 189, 191, 192, 194, 195, 196, 197, 200, 201, 202, 204, 205, 206, 208, 211, 212, 214, 215, 220, 224, 225, 226, 227, 229, 230, 231, 232, 234, 235, 236, 237, 241, 243, 250, 253, 256, 260, 262, 268, 271, 273, 274, 287, 289, 290, 291, 292, 295, 297, 298, 305, 306, 307, 308, 309, 310, 311, 313, 314, 316, 317, 319, 320, 322, 361, 362, 363, 364, 365, 367, 368, 369, 370, 371, 373, 374, 375, 377, 378, 379, 380, 381, 382, 384, 385, 386, 387, 388, 389, 390, 391, 393, 394, 396, 397, 398, 399, 400, 447, 448, 463, 464, 465, 467 468, 470, 471, 472, 473, 474, 477, 478, 480, 482, 484, 485, 486, 487, 489, 490, 491, 493, 494, 495, 496, 497, 498, 502, 503, 504, 505, 506, 569, 586

- Aleria, 19

- Alesia, 461

- Alexandria, 12, 13, 14, 17, 466

- Algeria, 15, 284, 496. See also Cherchell; Constantine; Djemila; Portus Magnus; Sétif; Tebessa; Timgad; Tipasa

- Amka, 587

- Amorium, 542

- Ampurias, 467

- Anatolia, 1, 11, 13, 14, 17, 34, 37, 39, 40, 48, 49, 50, 58, 60, 61, 65, 67, 76, 78, 79, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 89, 93, 95, 98, 101, 107, 108, 112, 116, 119, 122, 145, 146 bis, 163, 165, 170, 172, 174, 178, 183, 207, 218, 222, 238, 240, 246, 255, 257, 269, 303, 319, 324, 327, 333, 334, 335, 336, 344, 345, 402, 404, 407, 414, 415, 422, 425, 426, 428, 432, 433, 440, 475, 476, 513, 515, 516, 518, 538, 540, 552, 560, 583, 584, 588, 589, 597, 599, 615, 617, 618, 620, 628

- Central, 10, 25, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 38, 41, 43, 51, 64, 90, 149, 156, 248, 328, 412, 427, 554, 582

- Northern, 66, 590

- Southern, 12, 15, 24, 35, 44, 55, 68, 80, 92, 96, 105, 148, 151, 152, 164, 168, 171, 186, 193, 199, 209, 210, 213, 219, 221, 223, 245, 247, 251, 267, 331, 346, 406, 408, 409, 424, 429, 431, 437, 457, 518, 520, 521, 522, 523, 526, 535, 556, 562, 596, 625

- Antioch-on-the-Orontes, 65, 66, 147, 148, 543

- Aquileia, 72, 461,

- Argos, 16

- Asia Minor, 8, 18, 26, 36, 42, 45, 46, 47, 52, 53, 54, 56, 57, 59, 62, 63, 65, 113, 118, 143, 154, 155, 157, 158, 162, 198, 203, 239, 242, 244, 249, 272, 275, 302, 315, 323, 325, 326, 329, 330, 332, 335, 337, 338, 339, 343, 347, 349, 350, 351, 352, 354, 403, 404, 405, 409, 410, 411, 413, 416, 417, 418, 419, 420, 421, 423, 430, 434, 435, 436, 439, 455, 483, 488, 501, 507, 508, 511, 514, 515, 517, 524, 525, 526, 527, 528, 529, 531, 532, 533, 534, 536, 537, 539, 541, 542, 543, 544, 547, 548, 549, 552, 555, 557, 558, 559, 563, 565, 568, 573, 587, 594, 595, 598, 602, 603, 604, 605, 606, 610, 611, 619, 621, 623, 625, 629, 630

- Athens, 5, 17, 147, 349, 355, 356, 517

- Agora, 10, 148, 514, 523

- Kerameikos, 18, 356, 514, 517, 523, 608

- Autun, 459

- Avignon St. Agricol, 463

- Bab Zaër, 107, 216, 234

- Beirut, 543

- Beth-Shean, 538

- Beth Shearim, 551

- Bologna, 116

- Bolsena, 181

- Bulgaria, 163

- Campanaio, 496

- Campania, 626b

- Capua, 197

- Carthage, 10, 72, 379, 466, 535

- Cherchell, 261, 269, 270

- Chersonesus, 516, 528, 542

- Cilicia, 54

- Cnidus, 17, 18, 155, 156, 541, 556, 587

- Cologne (Germany), 69, 276, 277, 443, 445, 446, 449, 451, 452, 453, 454, 459, 460, 461, 462, 564, 566, 567, 570, 571, 572, 609, 631

- Constantine, 256

- Corfu, 349

- Corinth, 10, 155, 355, 438, 481, 523

- Cosa, 275

- Cremona, 72

- Cyprus, 10, 13, 17, 63, 112, 136, 179, 205, 209, 211. See also Salamis

- Delos, 10, 17, 19, 29, 66, 211

- Djemila, 261

- Dura Europos, 65, 66, 511, 514

- Egypt, 10, 12, 60, 62, 144, 169, 180, 211, 411, 439, 510, 516, 588, 593, 601, 604, 610, 630. See also Alexandria; Fayum; Naucratis; Tell Atrib

- El Aouja, 315

- El Djem, 140, 284, 285, 357, 488

- England, 459. See also London

- Ephesus, 38, 50, 147, 148, 169, 271, 404, 467 515, 524, 525, 526, 527, 528, 529, 530, 531, 532, 533, 534, 536, 538, 539, 540, 541

- Tetragonus agora, 28

- Europe, 492

- Faenza, 77

- Fayum, 610

- Fos, 269

- France. See Autun; Avignon St. Agricol; Fréjus; Grand-Congloué shipwreck; La Luque shipwreck; Lezoux; Montans; Saint-Bertrand-de-Comminges; Saint Germain-en-Laye

- Fréjus, 354

- Friedberg, 564

- Germany, 81, 179. See also Cologne; Friedberg; Mainz; Novaesium; Trier

- Gezer, 558

- Grand-Congloué [shipwreck in Marseilles harbor], 19

- Greece, 264, 270, 340, 341, 342, 348, 581. See also Argos; Athens; Corfu; Corinth; Delos; Isthmia; Kalymnos; Kenchreai; Lindos; Pella; Rhodes; Thasos

- East, 19

- Greek East, 554

- Halicarnassus, 9

- Halmyris, 535

- Herculaneum, 155, 560, 608

- Homs, 543, 544, 545, 546, 547

- Iasos, 303

- Istanbul, 11

- Isthmia, 523

- Italy, 19, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 117, 128, 150, 252 bis, 264, 278, 279, 280, 281, 282, 286, 299, 301, 303, 304, 360, 401, 519, 561, 577, 578, 579, 580, 598, 599, 607, 608, 626a, 626b, 627. See also Aquileia; Bologna; Bolsena; Campanaio; Capua; Cosa; Cremona; Faenza; Herculaneum; Novara; Ostia; Paestum; Pompeii; Pozzuoli; Rome; Sardinia; Sicily; Taranto

- Central, 75

- North, 442, 444, 450

- South, 6, 7, 9, 20, 27, 147

- Jerash, 511

- Kalymnos (island of, not Calymna), 10

- Kenchreai, 11, 80, 169, 211, 523

- Kerch, 523

- Labraunda, 19

- La Luque [shipwreck near Pointe de la Luque/Pommègues, Marseilles harbor], 434

- Lebanon, 512. See also Beirut; Tyre

- Levant, 512

- Lezoux, 289, 461

- Lindos, 8, 13, 14

- London, 519

- Mahdia [shipwreck off east coast of Tunisia], 17, 617

- Mainz, 359

- Mediterranean

- Eastern, 187, 548

- Western, 187

- Melos, 15

- Miletus, 17, 66, 516, 519

- Montans, 262

- Naucratis, 516

- Novaesium, 91, 99, 132, 168, 177, 238, 312

- Novara, 130

- Ostia, 466

- Osuna, 179

- Oudhna, 507

- Paestum, 16

- Palestine, 511, 548, 551, 587

- Palmyra, 507, 511, 550

- Pannonia, 567

- Pella, 29

- Pergamon, 36, 63, 88, 116, 333, 410, 515, 516, 522, 525

- Pompeii, 143, 264, 269, 433, 461, 519, 626b, 627

- Portugal, 72

- Portus Magnus, 269, 270, 347

- Pozzuoli, 104

- Pupput, 309, 373, 378, 379, 391

- Raqqada, 123, 189, 292, 302, 313, 371, 372, 374, 379

- Rhine, Lower, 616

- Rhodes, 13, 15

- Romania, 21, 624

- Rome, 211, 519, 608. See also Ostia

- Russia, Southern, 23

- Sabratha, 10, 70, 320, 488

- Saint-Bertrand-de-Comminges, 118, 262

- Saint Germain-en-Laye, 262

- Salamis, 108, 437, 611

- Samaria/Sebaste, 17, 511, 551

- Santa Barbara, 292

- Santomé, 190

- Sardinia, 7, 23, 614

- Sarmizegetusa, 564, 567

- Sétif, 261, 285

- Seville, 19

- Sicily, 21, 22. See also Campanaio

- Sidi Khrebish, 169

- Smyrna, 440, 516, 529, 530, 532, 535, 536

- Spain. See Ampurias; Osuna; Seville; Torre Águila; Tossal de Manises; Vilauba

- Syria, 509, 512, 543, 548, 550, 551, 600, 628. See also Homs; Palmyra

- Taranto, 19, 22

- Tarsus, 9, 54, 59, 62, 65, 66, 99, 147, 148, 272, 427, 438

- Tebessa, 257, 261, 269, 270, 284, 313

- Tell Atrib, 144

- Thasos, 429, 527

- Tiddis, 488

- Timgad, 261

- Tipasa, 260, 288

- Torre Águila, 136

- Tossal de Manises, 98, 427

- Trier, 459

- Troy, 519, 541

- Tunisia, 106, 110, 114, 120, 123, 127, 130, 131, 134, 140, 169, 189, 193, 202, 213, 215, 216, 217, 228, 233, 252, 254, 255, 257, 258, 259, 260, 261, 263, 265, 266, 283, 284, 288, 292, 293, 294, 296, 305, 347, 358, 361, 366, 371, 372, 376, 379, 383, 392, 399, 466 469, 479, 483, 485, 497, 499, 500. See also El Aouja; El Djem; Mahdia; Oudhna; Pupput; Raqqada

- Central, 288, 487

- Turkey, 28, 528, 540, 574. See also Amorium; Iasos; Istanbul; Labraunda; Tarsus; Troy

- Tyre, 544, 545, 546, 547

- Vaison, 205

- Vilauba, 584

- Vindonissa, 276

- Yassi Ada [shipwreck south of island of Lóda/Lodo: 27° 11'45'' E, 36° 59'30'' N], 535, 541

Concordance of Identification Numbers

Inventory Number

Catalogue Number

73.AD.10.J.1

27

75.AQ.21

466

75.AQ.30

356

75.AQ.31

355

78.AQ.333

585

78.AQ.348

160

78.AQ.356

614

79.AQ.28.1

228

79.AQ.28.2

255

79.AQ.28.3

261

79.AQ.28.4

293

79.AQ.28.5

376

79.AQ.28.6

479

80.AI.9.6

613

80.AQ.46.1

283

80.AQ.46.2

233

80.AQ.46.3

296

80.AQ.46.4

127

80.AQ.46.5

254

80.AQ.46.6

294

80.AQ.46.7

263

80.AQ.46.8

393

80.AQ.140.1 (lamp)

622

80.AQ.140.2 (stand)

622

81.AQ.38.1

217

81.AQ.38.2

288

81.AQ.38.3

366

81.AQ.38.4

265

81.AQ.38.5

361

81.AQ.38.6

383

81.AQ.38.7

131

81.AQ.67

624

81.AQ.112.1

117

81.AQ.112.2

438

81.AQ.112.3

270

81.AQ.112.4

252 bis

81.AQ.112.5

282

81.AQ.112.6

299

81.AQ.112.7

351

81.AQ.112.8

352

81.AQ.112.9

303

81.AQ.112.10

279

81.AQ.112.11

280

81.AQ.112.12

281

81.AQ.112.13

360

81.AQ.112.14

304

81.AQ.112.15

481

81.AQ.112.16

581

82.AQ.31

128

82.AQ.82

159

83.AE.434.2308, .2310–.2312

579

83.AE.436.470–82

577

83.AE.436.6835–6845

578

83.AK.438.418

358

83.AQ.351

372

83.AQ.352

392

83.AQ.377.1

85

83.AQ.377.2

95

83.AQ.377.3

130

83.AQ.377.4

123

83.AQ.377.5

86

83.AQ.377.6

163

83.AQ.377.7

84

83.AQ.377.8

76

83.AQ.377.9

83

83.AQ.377.10

165

83.AQ.377.11

112

83.AQ.377.12

120

83.AQ.377.13

88

83.AQ.377.14

89

83.AQ.377.15

93

83.AQ.377.16

140

83.AQ.377.17

110

83.AQ.377.18

104

83.AQ.377.20

126

83.AQ.377.21

103

83.AQ.377.22

109

83.AQ.377.23

102

83.AQ.377.24

94

83.AQ.377.26

98

83.AQ.377.27

99

83.AQ.377.28

101

83.AQ.377.29

107

83.AQ.377.30

111

83.AQ.377.31

129

83.AQ.377.32

79

83.AQ.377.33

161

83.AQ.377.34

100

83.AQ.377.35

92

83.AQ.377.36

138

83.AQ.377.37

124

83.AQ.377.39

80

83.AQ.377.40

87

83.AQ.377.41

134

83.AQ.377.42

122

83.AQ.377.43

136

83.AQ.377.44

121

83.AQ.377.45

106

83.AQ.377.46

125

83.AQ.377.47

141

83.AQ.377.48

135

83.AQ.377.49

96

83.AQ.377.50

77

83.AQ.377.51

212

83.AQ.377.52

192

83.AQ.377.53

209

83.AQ.377.54

219

83.AQ.377.55

213

83.AQ.377.56

226

83.AQ.377.57

202

83.AQ.377.58

227

83.AQ.377.59

193

83.AQ.377.60

199

83.AQ.377.61

210

83.AQ.377.62

188

83.AQ.377.63

236

83.AQ.377.64

187

83.AQ.377.65

232

83.AQ.377.66

243

83.AQ.377.67

267

83.AQ.377.69

78

83.AQ.377.70

245

83.AQ.377.71

224

83.AQ.377.72

115

83.AQ.377.73

235

83.AQ.377.74

186

83.AQ.377.75

196

83.AQ.377.76

148

83.AQ.377.77

144

83.AQ.377.78

151

83.AQ.377.79

471

83.AQ.377.80

145

83.AQ.377.81

146 bis

83.AQ.377.82

225

83.AQ.377.83

169

83.AQ.377.84

170

83.AQ.377.85

222

83.AQ.377.86

229

83.AQ.377.87

207

83.AQ.377.88

178

83.AQ.377.89

116

83.AQ.377.91

257

83.AQ.377.92

211

83.AQ.377.93

201

83.AQ.377.94

185

83.AQ.377.95

197

83.AQ.377.96

180

83.AQ.377.97

346

83.AQ.377.98

223

83.AQ.377.99

179

83.AQ.377.100

259

83.AQ.377.101

309

83.AQ.377.102

171

83.AQ.377.103

174

83.AQ.377.104

200

83.AQ.377.105

215

83.AQ.377.106

191

83.AQ.377.107

168

83.AQ.377.108

230

83.AQ.377.109

253

83.AQ.377.111

214

83.AQ.377.112

338

83.AQ.377.113

238

83.AQ.377.114

310

83.AQ.377.115

308

83.AQ.377.116

311

83.AQ.377.117

273

83.AQ.377.118

251

83.AQ.377.119

173

83.AQ.377.120

167

83.AQ.377.121

208

83.AQ.377.122

175

83.AQ.377.123

204

83.AQ.377.124

256

83.AQ.377.125

306

83.AQ.377.126

307

83.AQ.377.127

513

83.AQ.377.128

237

83.AQ.377.129

241

83.AQ.377.130

194

83.AQ.377.131

244

83.AQ.377.132

250

83.AQ.377.133

249

83.AQ.377.134

242

83.AQ.377.135

305

83.AQ.377.136

119

83.AQ.377.137

189

83.AQ.377.140

343

83.AQ.377.141

206

83.AQ.377.142

234

83.AQ.377.143

205

83.AQ.377.144

81

83.AQ.377.145

177

83.AQ.377.146

198

83.AQ.377.147

266

83.AQ.377.148

515

83.AQ.377.149

231

83.AQ.377.150

184

83.AQ.377.151

162

83.AQ.377.152

455

83.AQ.377.153

349

83.AQ.377.154

385

83.AQ.377.155

322

83.AQ.377.156

405

83.AQ.377.157

113

83.AQ.377.158

323

83.AQ.377.159

218

83.AQ.377.160

331

83.AQ.377.161

406

83.AQ.377.162

330

83.AQ.377.163

404

83.AQ.377.164

290

83.AQ.377.165

411

83.AQ.377.166

287

83.AQ.377.167

409

83.AQ.377.168

336

83.AQ.377.169

432

83.AQ.377.170

518

83.AQ.377.171

475

83.AQ.377.172

415

83.AQ.377.173

327

83.AQ.377.174

429

83.AQ.377.175

423

83.AQ.377.176

339

83.AQ.377.177

329

83.AQ.377.178

381

83.AQ.377.179

350

83.AQ.377.180

335

83.AQ.377.181

332

83.AQ.377.182

417

83.AQ.377.183

434

83.AQ.377.184

375

83.AQ.377.185

298

83.AQ.377.187

333

83.AQ.377.188

344

83.AQ.377.189

424

83.AQ.377.190

295

83.AQ.377.191

408

83.AQ.377.192

440

83.AQ.377.193

407

83.AQ.377.194

419

83.AQ.377.195

324

83.AQ.377.196

337

83.AQ.377.197

431

83.AQ.377.198

387

83.AQ.377.199

422

83.AQ.377.200

410

83.AQ.377.201

370

83.AQ.377.202

420

83.AQ.377.203

418

83.AQ.377.204

369

83.AQ.377.205

292

83.AQ.377.206

289

83.AQ.377.207

291

83.AQ.377.208

315

83.AQ.377.209

325

83.AQ.377.210

421

83.AQ.377.211

297

83.AQ.377.212

320

83.AQ.377.213

319

83.AQ.377.214

414

83.AQ.377.215

480

83.AQ.377.216

382

83.AQ.377.217

374

83.AQ.377.218

391

83.AQ.377.219

316

83.AQ.377.220

520

83.AQ.377.221

386

83.AQ.377.222

373

83.AQ.377.223

437

83.AQ.377.224

363

83.AQ.377.225

521

83.AQ.377.226

555

83.AQ.377.227

397

83.AQ.377.228

378

83.AQ.377.229

302

83.AQ.377.230

365

83.AQ.377.231

390

83.AQ.377.232

396

83.AQ.377.233

485

83.AQ.377.234

398

83.AQ.377.235

388

83.AQ.377.236

326

83.AQ.377.237

377

83.AQ.377.238

399

83.AQ.377.239

477

83.AQ.377.240

368

83.AQ.377.241

389

83.AQ.377.242

384

83.AQ.377.244

364

83.AQ.377.247

469

83.AQ.377.250

240

83.AQ.377.251

514

83.AQ.377.252

271

83.AQ.377.253

436

83.AQ.377.254

413

83.AQ.377.255

347

83.AQ.377.256

569

83.AQ.377.257

511

83.AQ.377.258

246

83.AQ.377.259

379

83.AQ.377.260

430

83.AQ.377.261

146

83.AQ.377.262

269

83.AQ.377.264

519

83.AQ.377.265

275

83.AQ.377.266

143

83.AQ.377.267

492

83.AQ.377.268

503

83.AQ.377.269

495

83.AQ.377.270

496

83.AQ.377.271

498

83.AQ.377.272

534

83.AQ.377.273

524

83.AQ.377.274

497

83.AQ.377.275

502

83.AQ.377.276

494

83.AQ.377.277

313

83.AQ.377.278

380

83.AQ.377.279

314

83.AQ.377.280

489

83.AQ.377.281

505

83.AQ.377.282

487

83.AQ.377.283

556

83.AQ.377.284

526

83.AQ.377.285

535

83.AQ.377.286

523

83.AQ.377.287

457

83.AQ.377.288

522

83.AQ.377.289

528

83.AQ.377.290

525

83.AQ.377.291

538

83.AQ.377.292

362

83.AQ.377.293

483

83.AQ.377.294

482

83.AQ.377.295

272

83.AQ.377.296

478

83.AQ.377.297

268

83.AQ.377.298

516

83.AQ.377.299

547

83.AQ.377.300

517

83.AQ.377.301

565

83.AQ.377.302

530

83.AQ.377.303

542

83.AQ.377.304

52

83.AQ.377.305

53

83.AQ.377.306

537

83.AQ.377.307

541

83.AQ.377.308

529

83.AQ.377.309

527

83.AQ.377.310

476

83.AQ.377.311

531

83.AQ.377.312

508

83.AQ.377.313

59

83.AQ.377.314

473

83.AQ.377.315

490

83.AQ.377.316

484

83.AQ.377.317

504

83.AQ.377.318

400

83.AQ.377.319

539

83.AQ.377.320

536

83.AQ.377.321

488

83.AQ.377.322

486

83.AQ.377.323

371

83.AQ.377.324

568

83.AQ.377.325

544

83.AQ.377.326

548

83.AQ.377.327

557

83.AQ.377.328

507

83.AQ.377.329

31

83.AQ.377.330

29

83.AQ.377.331

66

83.AQ.377.332

43

83.AQ.377.333

45

83.AQ.377.334

63

83.AQ.377.335

30

83.AQ.377.336

60

83.AQ.377.337

44

83.AQ.377.338

47

83.AQ.377.339

32

83.AQ.377.340

37

83.AQ.377.341

46

83.AQ.377.343

42

83.AQ.377.344

34

83.AQ.377.345

36

83.AQ.377.346

39

83.AQ.377.347

164

83.AQ.377.348

67

83.AQ.377.349

40

83.AQ.377.350

33

83.AQ.377.351

48

83.AQ.377.352

41

83.AQ.377.353

19

83.AQ.377.354

65

83.AQ.377.355

49

83.AQ.377.356

38

83.AQ.377.357

70

83.AQ.377.358

28

83.AQ.377.359

62

83.AQ.377.360

50

83.AQ.377.361

51

83.AQ.377.362

17

83.AQ.377.363

57

83.AQ.377.364

72

83.AQ.377.365

74

83.AQ.377.366

64

83.AQ.377.367

73

83.AQ.377.368

15

83.AQ.377.369

14

83.AQ.377.370

11

83.AQ.377.371

13

83.AQ.377.372

10

83.AQ.377.373

7

83.AQ.377.374

25

83.AQ.377.375

20

83.AQ.377.376

16

83.AQ.377.377

24

83.AQ.377.378

12

83.AQ.377.379

3

83.AQ.377.380

55

83.AQ.377.381

61

83.AQ.377.382

54

83.AQ.377.383

8

83.AQ.377.384

543

83.AQ.377.385

4

83.AQ.377.386

26

83.AQ.377.387

532

83.AQ.377.388

75

83.AQ.377.389

549

83.AQ.377.390

533

83.AQ.377.391

328

83.AQ.377.392

506

83.AQ.377.393

262

83.AQ.377.394

354

83.AQ.377.395

82

83.AQ.377.396

317

83.AQ.377.398

172

83.AQ.377.399

203

83.AQ.377.400

318

83.AQ.377.401

220

83.AQ.377.402

334

83.AQ.377.403

428

83.AQ.377.404

345

83.AQ.377.406

491

83.AQ.377.410

68

83.AQ.377.411

501

83.AQ.377.412

35

83.AQ.377.413

58

83.AQ.377.414

425

83.AQ.377.415

426

83.AQ.377.416

402

83.AQ.377.417

474

83.AQ.377.419

462

83.AQ.377.420

446

83.AQ.377.421

631

83.AQ.377.422

459

83.AQ.377.423

461

83.AQ.377.424

460

83.AQ.377.425

452

83.AQ.377.426

276

83.AQ.377.427

445

83.AQ.377.428

443

83.AQ.377.429

277

83.AQ.377.430

453

83.AQ.377.431

454

83.AQ.377.432

571

83.AQ.377.433

567

83.AQ.377.434

566

83.AQ.377.436

451

83.AQ.377.438

447

83.AQ.377.439

448

83.AQ.377.440

444

83.AQ.377.441

449

83.AQ.377.442

442

83.AQ.377.443

570

83.AQ.377.444

450

83.AQ.377.445

69

83.AQ.377.446

611

83.AQ.377.447

9

83.AQ.377.448

6

83.AQ.377.449

21

83.AQ.377.450

23

83.AQ.377.451

2

83.AQ.377.452

22

83.AQ.377.453

551

83.AQ.377.454

550

83.AQ.377.455

554

83.AQ.377.456

509

83.AQ.377.457

18

83.AQ.377.458

439

83.AQ.377.459

606

83.AQ.377.461

403

83.AQ.377.462

433

83.AQ.377.463

427

83.AQ.377.464

312

83.AQ.377.465

359

83.AQ.377.466

394

83.AQ.377.467

239

83.AQ.377.468

248

83.AQ.377.469

412

83.AQ.377.470

564

83.AQ.377.471

90

83.AQ.377.472

367

83.AQ.377.473

463

83.AQ.377.474

552

83.AQ.377.475

152

83.AQ.377.476

609

83.AQ.377.477

540

83.AQ.377.478

150

83.AQ.377.479

156

83.AQ.377.480

562

83.AQ.377.481

149

83.AQ.377.482

560

83.AQ.377.483

561

83.AQ.377.484

158

83.AQ.377.485

153

83.AQ.377.486

602

83.AQ.377.487

601

83.AQ.377.488

603

83.AQ.377.489

594

83.AQ.377.490

600

83.AQ.377.491

595

83.AQ.377.492

604

83.AQ.377.493

563

83.AQ.377.494

619

83.AQ.377.495

628

83.AQ.377.496

617

83.AQ.377.497

618

83.AQ.377.498

620

83.AQ.377.499

615

83.AQ.377.500

616

83.AQ.377.501

598

83.AQ.377.502

599

83.AQ.377.504

590

83.AQ.377.505

582

83.AQ.377.506

472

83.AQ.377.507

155

83.AQ.377.508

584

83.AQ.377.509

583

83.AQ.377.510

605

83.AQ.377.512

588

83.AQ.377.513

589

83.AQ.377.514

587

83.AQ.377.515.1

610

83.AQ.377.515.2

435

83.AQ.377.516

629

83.AQ.377.517

630

83.AQ.377.518

625

83.AQ.377.519

586

83.AQ.377.520

154

83.AQ.377.521

621

83.AQ.377.522

558

83.AQ.377.523

510

83.AQ.377.524

573

83.AQ.377.525

576

83.AQ.377.526

575

83.AQ.377.527

574

83.AQ.377.528

147

83.AQ.377.529

493

83.AQ.377.530

221

83.AQ.377.531

623

83.AQ.377.532

458

83.AQ.377.533

142

83.AQ.377.534

441

83.AQ.377.535

286

83.AQ.377.536

353

83.AQ.377.537

97

83.AQ.377.538

132

83.AQ.377.539

546

83.AQ.377.540

137

83.AQ.377.541

181

83.AQ.377.542

1

83.AQ.377.543

591

83.AQ.377.544

166

83.AQ.377.545

133

83.AQ.377.546

190

83.AQ.377.547

553

83.AQ.377.548

216

83.AQ.377.549

182

83.AQ.377.550

258

83.AQ.377.551

545

83.AQ.377.552

500

83.AQ.377.553

512

83.AQ.377.554

183

83.AQ.377.555

300

83.AQ.377.556

139

83.AQ.377.557

416

83.AQ.377.558

91

83.AQ.391.1

499

83.AQ.391.2

348

83.AQ.391.3

341

83.AQ.391.4

401

83.AQ.391.5

395

83.AQ.391.6

284

83.AQ.391.7

285

83.AQ.391.8

340

83.AQ.391.9

342

83.AQ.391.10

321

83.AQ.391.11

278

83.AQ.391.12

357

83.AQ.438.19

108

83.AQ.438.25

114

83.AQ.438.38

105

83.AQ.438.68

247

83.AQ.438.90

260

83.AQ.438.110

252

83.AQ.438.138

195

83.AQ.438.139

176

83.AQ.438.243

468

83.AQ.438.245

465

83.AQ.438.246

470

83.AQ.438.248

467

83.AQ.438.249

464

83.AQ.438.263

274

83.AQ.438.342

56

83.AQ.438.397

118

83.AQ.438.405

264

83.AQ.438.407

596

83.AQ.438.409

597

83.AQ.438.435

572

83.AQ.438.437

608

83.AQ.438.460

559

83.AQ.438.503

607

83.AQ.438.511

157

91.AK.47

301

91.AQ.48

71

96.AQ.165

593

96.AQ.187

627

96.AQ.193.a

626a

96.AQ.193.b

626b

96.AQ.210

592

96.AQ.230

5

98.AE.143.3, 98.AE.143.5, 83.AE.434.2307, 83.AE.434.2309

580

2003.441

612

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About the Authors

- Jean Bussière was educated at the Universities of Lyon, Dijon, and Grenoble, receiving his MA (licence de lettres) and DES (diplôme d'études supérieures). He won a Canada Council scholarship in 1960 and studied for a year at Victoria College, University of Toronto. For several years he taught in Algeria, where he developed a passion for archaeology and lychnology. From 1989 to 2001 he was an associate researcher with UPR 217 CNRS, Antiquités africaines. From 2003 until his passing in 2016, he was associated with UMR 140-390 CNRS Lattes, University of Montpellier. In 1993 he was awarded le Prix de l’Académie d’Hippone in Aix-en-Provence. His publications include Lampes antiques d’Algérie and Lampes antiques de Méditerranée: La collection Rivel, in collaboration with Jean-Claude Rivel. He wrote several articles and participated in the congresses of the ILA (International Lychnological Association).

- Birgitta Lindros Wohl was educated at the University of Stockholm, Sweden (Fil.kand.), and at University of California, Los Angeles (MA and PhD). She is retired from teaching Art History and Classics at California State University, Northridge. Her excavations include sites in her native Sweden as well as Italy and Greece, the latter at Isthmia, where she is still active. Her professional interests, apart from ancient lamps, include Roman architecture, the use of spolia, and Latin literature. She has published in these fields and lectured internationally; she serves on the boards of ILA and the Cyprus American Archaeological Institute.

Copyright

The free online edition of this catalogue, available at http://www.getty.edu/publications/ancientlamps, includes zoomable high-resolution photography, multiple object views, and an interactive map. Also available are free PDF, EPUB, and MOBI downloads of the book, CSV and JSON downloads of the object data from the catalogue, and JPG downloads of the main catalogue images. For readers who wish to have a bound reference copy, a paperback version has also been made available for sale.

© 2017 J. Paul Getty Trust

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, CA 94042.

First edition, 2017
Last updated, November 21, 2018
https://www.github.com/gettypubs/ancientlamps

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

- Names: J. Paul Getty Museum, author, issuing body. | Bussière, J. (Jean), author. | Wohl, Birgitta, 1934- author.

- Title: Ancient lamps in the J. Paul Getty Museum / Jean Bussière, Birgitta Lindros Wohl.

- Description: First edition. | Los Angeles : J. Paul Getty Museum, 2017. | Includes bibliographical references and index.

- Identifiers: LCCN 2016037209 (print) | LCCN 2016038887 (ebook) | ISBN  9781606065136 (pbk.) | ISBN 9781606065143 (epub) | ISBN 9781606065150  (online)

- Subjects: LCSH: Lamps, Ancient—Mediterranean Region—Catalogs. | J. Paul  Getty Museum—Catalogs. | Mediterranean Region—Antiquities—Catalogs. |  Lamps—California—Los Angeles—Catalogs.

- Classification: LCC NK4680 .J2 2017 (print) | LCC NK4680 (ebook) | DDC  749/.63—dc23

- LC record available at http://lccn.loc.gov/2016037209

- Cover: Detail of cat. 86

Drawing by D. M. Bailey, from Bailey BM III, fig. 162: fig. 4

Drawing by Jean Bussière, from Bussière 2000, figs. 44 and 44 bis, by permission of Éditions Monique Mergoil: fig. 3

Drawings by Randy Miyake, Hespenheide Design, © J. Paul Getty Trust: stamps for cats. 45, 66, 67, 192, 222, 255, 369, 370, 371, 386, 476, 502, 523

Drawings by Jean-Claude Rivel: stamps for cats. 39, 70, 94, 104, 137, 166, 175, 176, 188, 191, 200, 219, 228, 231, 236, 243, 254, 258, 283, 286, 289, 291, 294, 297, 315, 342, 364, 365, 367, 372, 373, 374, 377, 378, 387, 389, 391, 392, 394, 395, 398, 421, 440, 500, 501, 517, 535, 543, 545, 549, 551, 572, 600; figs. 1, 2