Grades:		High School (9–12)
Subjects: 		Visual Arts
Time Required: 	3–4 class periods
Author: 		This lesson was adapted by J. Paul Getty Museum Education staff from a curriculum originally published on the Getty’s first education Web site, ArtsEdNet.

Featured Getty Artworks
Aryballos in the Form of a Bull's Head, Greek, 1300-1200 B.C.
http://www.getty.edu/art/collections/objects/o35579.html
Black-Figure Komast Cup, Greek, 580-575 B.C.
http://www.getty.edu/art/collections/objects/o9909.html
Basin with Deucalion and Phyrra, Orazio Fontana, 1565-1571
http://www.getty.edu/art/collections/objects/o1341.html
Lidded Vase, Chinese, 1662-1722
http://www.getty.edu/art/collections/objects/o6781.html
Lidded Pot-pourri Vase, French, about 1760
http://www.getty.edu/art/collections/objects/o6304.html
	
Lesson Overview
This lesson is part of a sequential unit. Students begin work on a ceramic vessel, which they designed in “Ceramics: A Vessel into History—Lesson 2.” They discuss their artistic choices and identify elements derived from historical examples while considering how artists appropriate ideas from earlier artists.

Learning Objectives
Students will be able to:
- identify symbols and imagery that are connected to a specific culture or period, and apply this knowledge to their own artwork. 
- produce a ceramic vessel, based on specific goals and criteria. 
- think critically about their own work during the creative process. 
- discuss the ways in which an artwork can communicate information and express feeling.

Materials 
- Journals for note-taking and sketches
- Clay materials and equipment 
- Portfolios for student work
- Camera, to document student work for portfolio (optional)
- Images of ceramic objects for small groups of students.

Lesson Steps
1. Distribute clay and tools. Have students begin constructing their vessel, working from the design they developed for homework.

2. As students work independently on their clay forms, circulate among them, asking them individually about their artistic choices. Inquire about the following:
- construction techniques
- surface qualities
- interior and exterior 
- function or non-function
- symbolic attributes
- expressive qualities

3. Once students have built a portion of their vessel, ask them to identify and discuss as a class elements of their design that were derived from the historical ceramic artwork examples viewed in class, and others that they may have studied. Discuss the difference between copying and creative appropriation of ideas from the works of other artists. You might use the following questions:
- What reasons might an artist have to imitate the work of another artist?
- Is a work of art original if the artist has borrowed elements from another work?
- Is it possible to create an entirely original work of art?

4. Direct students through the processes of finishing, glazing, and firing their ceramic objects.

Assessment:
 Students should be able to do the following: 
- Demonstrate knowledge of clay-construction and decoration techniques. 
- Create a ceramic vessel that incorporates symbols that are meaningful in our culture. 
- Describe and analyze their own works and explain their intent.
- Express informed opinions about the significance, value, and meaning of a work of art that they create. 

Extensions
Photograph students’ works of art for inclusion in student portfolios along with journal sketches and writing.

Standards Addressed

Visual Arts Content Standards For California Public Schools
Grades 9–12 Proficient
2.0 Creative Expression
Creating, Performing, and Participating in the Visual Arts 
2.1 Solve a visual arts problem that involves the effective use of the elements of art and the principles of design.
2.2 Prepare a portfolio of original two-and three-dimensional works of art that reflects refined craftsmanship and technical skills. 

4.0 Aesthetic Valuing
Responding to, Analyzing, and Making Judgments About Works in the Visual Arts 
4.1 Articulate how personal beliefs, cultural traditions, and current social, economic, and political contexts influence the interpretation of the meaning or message in a work of art.
4.4 Articulate the process and rationale for refining and reworking one of their own works of art.
4.5 Employ the conventions of art criticism in writing and speaking about works of art. 

National Standards for Visual Arts Education
Grades 9–12
1. Understanding and applying media, techniques, and processes
a. Apply media, techniques, and processes with sufficient skill, confidence, and sensitivity that their intentions are carried out in their artworks. 
b. Conceive and create works of visual art that demonstrate an understanding of how the communication of their ideas relates to the media, techniques, and processes they use. 

2. Using knowledge of structures and functions
c. Create artworks that use organizational principles and functions to solve specific visual arts problems.

3.Choosing and evaluating a range of subject matter, symbols, and ideas
b. Apply subjects, symbols, and ideas in their artworks and use the skills gained to solve problems in daily life. 
c. Describe the origins of specific images and ideas and explain why they are of value in their artwork and in the work of others.  
d. Evaluate and defend the validity of sources for content and the manner in which subject matter, symbols, and images are used in the students' works and in significant works by others.