b. 1552 Pomarance, Italy, d. 1626 Rome
Painter; Draftsman
Italian

Cristoforo Roncalli was born and raised in the provincial Tuscan town of Pomarance and became one of the most acclaimed painters working in Rome. He began his career studying in Florence for a brief period, then moved to Siena in 1575, where he produced his first notable commissions-altarpieces and frescoes. While on a study trip to Rome in 1580 Roncalli was drawn to the city's inspirational sites, influential contacts, and abundant patronage. He remained there until the end of his life, receiving numerous commissions for frescoes with Biblical themes, such as scenes from the life of Saint Paul and the Passion of Christ. In 1588 he became a member of the distinguished Accademia di San Luca.

Roncalli's work throughout this period retained the influences of Florentine Mannerism, but by the mid 1590s a new realism and more dramatic contrasts between light and shade appeared in his work. This shift in Roncalli's style may reflect the influence of his friend Caravaggio. By the turn of the century Roncalli procured the patronage of Pope Clement VIII, and was nominated to oversee decorative works in St. Peter's Basilica. He was promoted to Cavaliere di Cristo, the highest designation for an artist in the church, in 1607.