The Penitent Magdalene

Object Details

Title:

The Penitent Magdalene

Artist/Maker:

Titian (Tiziano Vecellio) (Italian, about 1487 - 1576)

Culture:

Italian

Date:

1555 - 1565

Medium:

Oil on canvas

Dimensions:

108.3 × 94.3 cm (42 5/8 × 37 1/8 in.)

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This painting of a repentant Mary Magdalene lifting her teary eyes to heaven was meant to inspire a greater spiritual devotion at a time when Catholicism was being challenged by the Protestant reformation. Owing to the popularity of the subject, Titian and his workshop made at least seven versions of this painting. X-rays of the painting revealed that Titian made numerous changes to the composition, suggesting that he used this canvas to work out his ideas over a considerable period of time. This Getty painting is unique because it is the only composition that shows the Magdalene's Bible resting on a cloth-covered support rather than a skull--a symbol used to invite contemplation of death.

Images of Mary Magdalene, the fallen woman whom Jesus found worthy to redeem and who would spend the rest of her life in solitude to atone for her sins, were especially prevalent during the Counter-Reformation, a period of devout Catholicism that lasted from approximately 1540 to 1640. Upon seeing Titian's conception of Mary Magdalene, Giorgio Vasari declared that the picture "profoundly stirs the emotions of all who look at it; and, moreover, although the figure Mary Magdalene is extremely lovely it moves one to thoughts of pity rather than desire."

Provenance
1790s - 1805

Sir Richard Worsley, seventh Bart., 1751 - 1805 (Appledurcombe House, Isle of Wight, England), by inheritance to his nephew, Charles Anderson-Pelham, 1805.

1805 - 1846

Charles Anderson-Pelham, first earl of Yarborough, 1781 - 1846 (Brocklesby Park, Lincolnshire, England), by inheritance to Charles Anderson Worsley Anderson-Pelham, 1846.

1846 - 1862

Charles Anderson Worsley Anderson-Pelham, second earl of Yarborough, 1809 - 1862 (Brocklesby Park, Lincolnshire, England), by inheritance to Charles Anderson-Pelham, 1862.

1862 - 1875

Charles Anderson-Pelham, third earl of Yarborough, 1835 - 1875 (Brocklesby Park, Lincolnshire, England), by inheritance to Charles Alfred Worsley Pelham, 1875.

1875 - 1929

Charles Alfred Worsley Pelham, fourth earl of Yarborough, 1859 - 1936 (Brocklesby Park, Lincolnshire, England) [sold, Yarborough sale, Christie's, London, July 12, 1929, lot 102, to Colnaghi.]

1929 - 1930

Colnaghi (London, England; New York, New York), sold to Otto Gutekunst, 1930.
Source: Colnaghi's.

1930 - 1947

Otto Gutekunst, 1866 - 1947 (London, England; Switzerland), by inheritance to his wife, Mrs. Otto Gutekunst, 1947.

1947 - 1955

Lena Gutekunst, sold through P & D Colnaghi & Co., Ltd. (London, England) to the J. Paul Getty Museum, 1955.
Source: Provenance Index: Collectors File.

Exhibitions
La Peinture Vénitienne (October 16, 1953 to January 10, 1954)
  • Palais des beaux-arts (Brussels), October 16, 1953 to January 10, 1954
Italian Art from the 13th Century to the 17th Century (August 18 to October 2, 1955)
  • Birmingham Museums & Art Gallery (Birmingham), August 18 to October 2, 1955
Masterpieces of Art: In Memory of William R. Valentiner, 1880-1958 [...] (April 6 to May 17, 1959)
  • North Carolina Museum of Art (Raleigh), April 6 to May 17, 1959
Konstens Venedig (October 20, 1962 to February 10, 1963)
  • Nationalmuseum (Stockholm), October 20, 1962 to February 10, 1963
Gloria dell'Arte, a Renaissance Perspective (October 28, 1979 to January 27, 1980)
  • Philbrook Museum of Art (Tulsa), October 28, 1979 to January 27, 1980
Titian and the Commander: A Renaissance Artist and His Patron (October 4, 2005 to February 5, 2006)
  • The J. Paul Getty Museum at the Getty Center (Los Angeles), October 4, 2005 to February 5, 2006
Bibliography

Waagen, Gustav Friedrich. Treasures of Art in Great Britian: Being an Account of the Chief Collections of Paintings, Drawings, Sculptures, Illuminated Mss., &c., &c. 3 vols. (London: John Murray, 1854), vol. 2, p. 87n*.

Cavalcaselle, Giovanni Battista, and Joseph Archer Crowe. Tiziano: La sua vita e i suoi tempi. 2 vols. (Florence: Successori Le Monnier, 1877-1878), repr., vol. 2 (Florence: G. C. Sansoni S. p. A., 1974), p. 291.

Crowe, Joseph A., and Giovanni B. Cavalcaselle. The Life and Times of Titian: With Some Account of His Family. 2 vols. 2nd. ed. (London: John Murray, 1881), vol. 2, pp. 315-16.

Waterhouse, Ellis Kirkham. Notebooks, 67 vols., 1924-85, Los Angeles, Getty Research Institute, accession no. 870204, vol. 58, p. 222 (Dec. 10, 1970).

de Rinaldis, Aldo. Pinacoteca del Museo Nazionale di Napoli: Catalogo. New edition (Naples: Richter & Co. Editori, 1928), p. 340.

Christie, Manson & Woods, London. Catalogue of Important Pictures by Old Masters, the Property of the Right Hon. the Earl of Yarborough [...] Capt. the Hon. Marcus Pelham [...] and [...] the Earl of Feversham.July 12, 1929, unpaginated, lot 102.

Borenius, Tancred. "Von der italienischen Ausstellung in London." Pantheon 5 (January-June 1930), p. 145, ill.

Mayer, August L. "The Yarborough 'Magdalen' by Titian." Apollo 11 (January-June 1930), pp. 102-3.

Suida, Wilhelm. Tizian (Zurich and Leipzig: Orell Füssli, 1933), p. 133.

Arslan, Edoardo. "Titian's 'Magdalen.'" The Burlington Magazine 94, no. 596 (November 1952), p. 325n1.

La peinture vénitienne, exh. cat. (Brussels: Palais des Beaux-Arts, with Éditions de la Connaissance S. A., 1953), p. 60, no. 112, fig. 51.

Garlick, Kenneth. "Italian Art in Birmingham." The Connoisseur 136, no. 547 (September 1955), pp. 38-39, ill.

Italian Art From the 13th Century to the 17th Century, exh. cat. (Birmingham: City of Birmingham Museum and Art Gallery, 1955), p. 41, no. 106.

Valentiner, William R., and Paul Wescher. The J. Paul Getty Museum Guidebook. 2nd ed. (Los Angeles: J. Paul Getty Museum, 1956), pp. 20, 24n5, fig. 22.

Berenson, Bernard. Italian Pictures of the Renaissance: A List of the Principal Artists and Their Works with an Index of Places: Venetian School. 2 vols. (London: Phaidon Press, 1957), vol. 1, p. 190.

Masterpieces of Art: In Memory of William R. Valentiner, 1880-1958, exh. cat. (Raleigh: North Carolina Museum of Art, 1959), pp. 28, no. 38, 61, ill.

Valcanover, Francesco. Tutta la Pittura di Tiziano. 2 vols. (Milan: Rizzoli, 1960), vol. 2, p. 72.

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Nicolson, Benedict. "Venetian Art in Stockholm." The Burlington Magazine 105, no. 718 (January 1963), p. 32.

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Getty, J. Paul. The Joys of Collecting (New York: Hawthorn Books, Inc., 1965), pp. 31, 92, ill.

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Cagli, Corrado, and Francesco Valcanover. L'opera completa di Tiziano (1969; repr., Milan: Rizzoli Editore, 1978), p. 132, no. 459 (provenance of 56.PA.1, erroneously wrong title and location, different painting illustrated).

Pallucchini, Rodolfo. Tiziano. 2 vols. (Florence: G. C. Sansoni Editore, 1969), vol. 1, pp. 180, 193, 324, no. 522; vol. 2, fig. 522.

Wethey, Harold E. The Paintings of Titian: Complete Edition. Vol. 1, The Religious Paintings (London: Phaidon, 1969), p. 149, no. 129, fig. 236.

Béguin, Sylvie, and Francesco Valcanover. Tout l'oeuvre peint de Titien (Paris: Flammarion, 1970), p. 132, no. 459 (provenance of 56.PA.1, different painting illustrated), no. 605.

Fredericksen, Burton B. Catalogue of the Paintings in the J. Paul Getty Museum (Malibu: J. Paul Getty Museum, 1972), pp. 34-36, no. 36, ill.

Fredericksen, Burton B., and Federico Zeri. Census of Pre-Nineteenth-Century Italian Paintings in North American Public Collections (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1972), p. 202.

Fredericksen, Burton B., ed. The J. Paul Getty Museum: Greek and Roman Antiquities, Western European Paintings, French Decorative Arts of the Eighteenth Century (Malibu: J. Paul Getty Museum, 1975), p. 90, ill.

Gloria dell'arte: A Renaissance Perspective, exh. cat. (Tulsa, OK: Philbrook Art Center, 1979), no. 149, ill.

Heinemann, Fritz. "La Bottega di Tiziano." In Tiziano e Venezia: Convegno internazionale di studi, Venezia, 1976 (Vicenza: Neri Pozza Editore, 1980), p. 409n12.

Mason Rinaldi, Stefania. Palma il Giovane: L'opera completa (Milan: Alfieri, Gruppo Editoriale Electa, 1984), p. 175, under no. A 104.

Biadene, Susanna, ed. Titian: Prince of Painters, exh. cat. (Venice: Palazzo Ducale, with Prestel, 1990), p. 334, under no. 62, entry by Irina Artemieva.

Hall, Nicholas H. J., ed. Colnaghi in America: A Survey to Commemorate the First Decade of Colnaghi New York (New York: Colnaghi, 1992), p. 130.

Jaffé, David. Summary Catalogue of European Paintings in the J. Paul Getty Museum (Los Angeles: J. Paul Getty Museum, 1997), pp. xiv, 125, ill.

Goffen, Rona. Titian's Women (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1997), pp. 187, 190, fig. 106.

Rearick, W. R. "Le 'Maddalene penitenti' di Tiziano." Arte Veneta 58 (2001), pp. 34-36, 41n36, fig. 12.

Rothe, Andrea. "Titian's Penitent Magdalen in the J. Paul Getty Museum." Studi tizianeschi, no. 1 (Spring 2003), pp. 39-42, figs. 19-20, 22-23.

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Schaefer, Scott. Titian and the Commander: A Renaissance Artist and His Patron, exh. brochure (Los Angeles: J. Paul Getty Museum, 2005), unpaginated, fig. 5.

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